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Software:BeadPattern

2026-08-23T00:37:39Z

Add BeadPattern software article

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	~~{{Short description\|short description (<40 characters)}}~~		BeadPattern is a free bead pattern maker for creative design and craft projects. It can generate patterns with AI and convert photos into perler, hama, and fuse-bead designs with color codes and printable PDF templates.

	~~Here your article begins ..~~..		The tool helps makers turn an idea or an image into a practical bead pattern for planning and making. Its browser workflow keeps the process simple for people who want to explore bead art, refine a design, and prepare a pattern for printing.

			Learn more at [[https://beadpattern.net/\|BeadPattern]], the free AI and photo-to-bead pattern generator.
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	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~{{Sourceattribution\|Article\|1}}~~

Engineering:Voltage and frequency scaling

2026-08-22T14:28:18Z

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	{{for\|the CPU design principle\|Frequency scaling}}		{{for\|the CPU design principle\|Frequency scaling}}
	~~{{redirect\|CPU throttling\|other uses\|Throttle (disambiguation)#Computing}}~~
	'''Dynamic frequency scaling''' and '''dynamic voltage scaling''' are techniques used primarily for [[Power management\|power management]] in [[Computer architecture\|computer architecture]]. Dynamic frequency scaling almost always appears in conjunction with [[Physics:Dynamic voltage scaling\|dynamic voltage scaling]], since higher frequencies require higher supply voltages for the digital circuit to yield correct results. The combined topic is known as '''dynamic voltage and frequency scaling''' ('''DVFS''').		'''Dynamic frequency scaling''' and '''dynamic voltage scaling''' are techniques used primarily for [[Power management\|power management]] in [[Computer architecture\|computer architecture]]. Dynamic frequency scaling almost always appears in conjunction with [[Physics:Dynamic voltage scaling\|dynamic voltage scaling]], since higher frequencies require higher supply voltages for the digital circuit to yield correct results. The combined topic is known as '''dynamic voltage and frequency scaling''' ('''DVFS''').

Nonlocal symmetry

2026-08-22T14:23:41Z

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	[[Category:Lie groups]]		[[Category:Lie groups]]

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	{{Sourceattribution\|Nonlocal symmetry}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Nonlocal symmetry}}

Feature Importance

2026-08-22T14:21:33Z

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	\|pages=135–145		\|pages=135–145
	\|doi=10.1098/rspl.1888.0082		\|doi=10.1098/rspl.1888.0082
	}}</ref>~~{{primary inline\|date=August 2026}}~~ [[Biography:Sewall Wright\|Sewall Wright]] further developed variable importance, by introducing path analysis in 1921, to understand causal influences in complex systems.<ref>{{cite journal		}}</ref> [[Biography:Sewall Wright\|Sewall Wright]] further developed variable importance, by introducing path analysis in 1921, to understand causal influences in complex systems.<ref>{{cite journal
	\|last=Wright		\|last=Wright
	\|first=S.		\|first=S.
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	\|year=1921		\|year=1921
	\|pages=557–585		\|pages=557–585
	}}</ref>~~{{primary inline\|date=August 2026}}~~ Path analysis determines correlative influences along direct paths by decomposing [[Correlation\|correlation]] and [[Partial correlation\|partial correlation]] coefficients into their path-based components.~~{{cn\|date=August 2026}}~~		}}</ref> Path analysis determines correlative influences along direct paths by decomposing [[Correlation\|correlation]] and [[Partial correlation\|partial correlation]] coefficients into their path-based components.

	With [[Biography:Leo Breiman\|Leo Breiman]]’s introduction of Random Forests, feature importance expanded to more nonlinear models and explanations. He introduced "permutation importance" sometimes measured by gini index.<ref name="Boulesteix2012">{{cite journal		With [[Biography:Leo Breiman\|Leo Breiman]]’s introduction of Random Forests, feature importance expanded to more nonlinear models and explanations. He introduced "permutation importance" sometimes measured by gini index.<ref name="Boulesteix2012">{{cite journal

Software:WAN 3.0 Video

2026-08-22T07:46:32Z

Add a neutral overview of WAN 3.0 Video from the project PressKit

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	{{Short description\|~~short description (<40 characters)~~}}		{{Short description\|Browser AI video studio with sound}}

	~~Here your article begins .~~...		WAN 3.0 Video is a browser AI video studio for short-form clips with sound. It creates videos from a text prompt or a still image, with optional reference images, duration choices, and multi-ratio framing.

			The studio shows the credit cost before generation and lets creators download finished clips. WAN 3.0 Video is available at [https://wan3video.art/ WAN 3.0 Video], with a freemium workflow for experimenting with browser-based AI video.

	~~<!-- Do not forget to add categories like~~		[[Category:Software]]
	[[Category:~~Name1~~] ~~[[Category:Name2~~]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	{{Sourceattribution\|Article\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Article\|1}}

Software:ReWords AI

2026-08-22T07:43:32Z

Add a neutral overview of ReWords AI from the product PressKit

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:43, 22 August 2026
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	{{Short description\|~~short description (<40 characters)~~}}		{{Short description\|AI writing assistant for rewording text}}

	~~Here your article begins ..~~..		ReWords AI is an AI writing assistant for rewording, rewriting, and polishing content while keeping the original meaning. It helps with blogs, product pages, emails, and everyday writing through a clear, natural workflow.

			The service provides an online rewording tool for writers and teams who want to refine drafts without changing their intended message. ReWords AI is available at [https://rewordsai.app/ ReWords AI], with a freemium model for trying its writing and text-polishing features.

	~~<!-- Do not forget to add categories like~~		[[Category:Software]]
	[[Category:~~Name1~~] ~~[[Category:Name2~~]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	{{Sourceattribution\|Article\|1}}		{{Sourceattribution\|Article\|1}}

Hierarchology and Hierarchography

2026-08-21T20:17:18Z

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Template:Taxonomy/Amerianna

2026-08-21T11:48:35Z

Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Amerianna |parent=Miratestinae |refs={{cite WoRMS |year=2026 |title=''Amerianna'' Strand, 1928 |id=818110 |access-date=11 March 2026 |db=MolluscaBase}} }}"

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Engineering:Compressed air requirements in down-the-hole drilling

2026-08-21T10:25:15Z

update ref

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	== Free air delivery ==		== Free air delivery ==

	'''Free air delivery''' (FAD) is commonly used to describe the delivered capacity of an air compressor. It expresses compressor output in relation to defined inlet or reference conditions and is useful for comparing compressor capacity.<ref>[https://www.~~atlascopco~~.com/en-~~in/compressors/wiki/compressed~~-air-~~articles/physics~~-~~physicalunits2~~ Atlas Copco: Understanding air compressor measurements – work, power and flow].</ref>		'''Free air delivery''' (FAD) is commonly used to describe the delivered capacity of an air compressor. It expresses compressor output in relation to defined inlet or reference conditions and is useful for comparing compressor capacity.<ref>[https://www.mobileaircompressors.com/compressor/atlas-copco-xas-400-11-6-m3-min-7-bar-single-stage-portable-air-compressor-for-drilling-mining Atlas Copco: Understanding air compressor measurements – work, power and flow].</ref>

	For DTH applications, FAD is generally more useful than theoretical compressor displacement.		For DTH applications, FAD is generally more useful than theoretical compressor displacement.

Template:Plantgloss

2026-08-18T23:58:45Z

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Template:Taxonomy/Poecilohetaerus

2026-08-18T23:56:50Z

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Organization:Little Scholars School of Early Learning

2026-08-18T19:59:20Z

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+'''Little Scholars School of Early Learning''' is a family-owned early childhood education provider with 17 purpose-built campuses serving communities across South East Queensland, including the Gold Coast, Brisbane, Ipswich, and Redland Bay. The organisation was founded by '''Jae Fraser''' in 2014, beginning with the acquisition of a single campus on the northern Gold Coast. Since then, Little Scholars has expanded into one of the region's largest independent early learning networks, supporting over 7,000 children and employing more than 500 staff across its centres.
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+The curriculum at Little Scholars is internally branded as '''"The Collective."''' Inspired by the Reggio Emilia approach, it combines play-based learning with a holistic educational philosophy for children from six weeks to school age. The approach encourages curiosity, creativity, exploration, and independent discovery, rather than focusing on rote instruction. Each campus operates as a '''"Learn & Play Studio"''' and provides programs suited to different developmental stages, including Nursery & Infant Care, Toddler Programs, Junior & Senior Kindy, Kindergarten, and Before/After-School and Vacation Care.
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+Operating within '''The Scholars Group''' corporate structure, Little Scholars highlights its independent and family-owned model when distinguishing itself from larger corporate childcare chains such as Goodstart, G8 Education, and Guardian Childcare. The organisation emphasises the ability of its centres to make local decisions without the corporate bureaucracy associated with larger operators. Little Scholars also outlines its longer-term ambitions through its '''"2036 Vision,"''' which serves as a stated growth and quality benchmark for the future of the business.
-{{Sourceattribution|Article|1}}
+Little Scholars maintains an active digital presence through its blog and social media platforms. The organisation publishes content relating to parenting and early education and regularly communicates with its audience through Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube. Each of its 17 campuses also maintains its own claimed Google Business Profile, supporting the organisation's location-based service model across South East Queensland.

Engineering:Compressed air requirements in down-the-hole drilling

2026-08-18T04:24:56Z

Created technical article on compressed air requirements in down-the-hole drilling

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User:Mark.chen

2026-08-18T04:00:22Z

Created user profile page with professional background.

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:User:Mark.chen}}

'''Mark Chen''' is a professional working in the field of compressed air systems, drilling equipment, and industrial machinery applications.

His main areas of interest include portable air compressors, diesel screw compressors, DTH drilling, mining equipment, quarry applications, water well drilling, sandblasting, and compressed-air system selection.

== Professional interests ==

Mark Chen focuses on practical engineering and equipment-selection topics, including:

* Air compressor sizing and application matching
* Working pressure, air flow, and free air delivery analysis
* Compressor selection for drilling, mining, construction, and industrial projects
* Maintenance planning and spare parts availability
* Fuel consumption and total cost of ownership for mobile equipment
* Field application comparison between different compressor configurations

== Technical focus ==

In compressed-air equipment selection, Mark is especially interested in how pressure, flow, altitude, ambient temperature, tool air demand, hose pressure drop, fuel quality, and service conditions affect real jobsite performance.

== Affiliation ==

Mark Chen is associated with Peakroc® Machinery, a company involved in portable compressed-air and drilling equipment for international industrial applications.

== Related links ==

* [https://www.mobileaircompressors.com Mobile Air Compressors]
* [https://www.rockdrillingrigs.com Rock Drilling Rigs]

== Disclosure ==

This page is a personal user profile. The external links are provided only for professional identification and context, not as an encyclopedia article or advertisement.

Engineering:Solar power

2026-08-17T15:23:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 17 August 2026
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	== Potential ==		== Potential ==
	{{Sustainable energy}}		{{Sustainable energy}}
	Geography affects solar energy potential because some places are sunnier than others. In particular areas that are closer to the [[Astronomy:Equator\|equator]] generally receive more sunshine. However, solar panels that can follow the position of the Sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator.<ref name="World Energy Assessment">{{Cite book \|title=World energy assessment: energy and the challenge of sustainability \|date=2000 \|publisher=United Nations Development Programme \|isbn=978-92-1-126126-4 \|editor-last=Goldemberg \|editor-first=José \|edition=1. print \|location=New York, New York \|language=en-us \|editor-last2=UNDP}}</ref> Daytime [[Earth:Cloud cover\|cloud cover]] can reduce the light available for solar cells.		Geography affects solar energy potential because some places are sunnier than others.<ref>Soulouknga, M. H., Coulibaly, O., Doka, S. Y., & Kofane, T. C. (2017). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40807-017-0041-0 Evaluation of global solar radiation from meteorological data in the Sahelian zone of Chad]. Renewables: Wind, Water, and Solar, 4, Article 4.</ref> In particular areas that are closer to the [[Astronomy:Equator\|equator]] generally receive more sunshine. However, solar panels that can follow the position of the Sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator.<ref name="World Energy Assessment">{{Cite book \|title=World energy assessment: energy and the challenge of sustainability \|date=2000 \|publisher=United Nations Development Programme \|isbn=978-92-1-126126-4 \|editor-last=Goldemberg \|editor-first=José \|edition=1. print \|location=New York, New York \|language=en-us \|editor-last2=UNDP}}</ref> Daytime [[Earth:Cloud cover\|cloud cover]] can reduce the light available for solar cells.

	Land availability also has a significant effect on the potential for solar energy deployment. Despite prices of solar panels have dropped significantly in recent years, a major limitation for many countries to adopt large scale solar deployment have been due to its land-use requirement, and related constraints. Utility-scale solar farms require substantial surface area, which can be difficult to allocate in densely populated or highly urbanized areas. As a result, large-scale solar installations are often located in rural areas or at a significant distance from major population centres, which may require additional infrastructure, such as upgrading of the grid to rural areas and the construction of high-voltage transmission lines, to transmit electricity efficiently to major population centres.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Aldulli \|first=Abdullah \|date=2026-02-09 \|title=Challenges, Policies, and Opportunities in Large Scale Solar Energy Adoption for Sustainable Development \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400635090_Challenges_Policies_and_Opportunities_in_Large_Scale_Solar_Energy_Adoption_for_Sustainable_Development \|journal=Journal of Environment \|volume=6 \|pages=41–58 \|doi=10.47941/je.3498\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Cheng \|first=Cheng \|last2=Blakers \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Catchpole \|first3=Kylie \|last4=Nadolny \|first4=Anna \|last5=Weber \|first5=Timothy \|last6=Thawley \|first6=Harry \|date=2026-01-01 \|title=An integrated framework for systematically identifying optimal high-voltage transmission routes in renewable energy systems \|url=https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019942882 \|journal=Applied Energy \|volume=402 \|issue=126908 \|doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126908 \|issn=0306-2619\|hdl=1885/733797162 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref>		Land availability also has a significant effect on the potential for solar energy deployment. Despite prices of solar panels have dropped significantly in recent years, a major limitation for many countries to adopt large scale solar deployment have been due to its land-use requirement, and related constraints. Utility-scale solar farms require substantial surface area, which can be difficult to allocate in densely populated or highly urbanized areas. As a result, large-scale solar installations are often located in rural areas or at a significant distance from major population centres, which may require additional infrastructure, such as upgrading of the grid to rural areas and the construction of high-voltage transmission lines, to transmit electricity efficiently to major population centres.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Aldulli \|first=Abdullah \|date=2026-02-09 \|title=Challenges, Policies, and Opportunities in Large Scale Solar Energy Adoption for Sustainable Development \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400635090_Challenges_Policies_and_Opportunities_in_Large_Scale_Solar_Energy_Adoption_for_Sustainable_Development \|journal=Journal of Environment \|volume=6 \|pages=41–58 \|doi=10.47941/je.3498\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Cheng \|first=Cheng \|last2=Blakers \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Catchpole \|first3=Kylie \|last4=Nadolny \|first4=Anna \|last5=Weber \|first5=Timothy \|last6=Thawley \|first6=Harry \|date=2026-01-01 \|title=An integrated framework for systematically identifying optimal high-voltage transmission routes in renewable energy systems \|url=https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019942882 \|journal=Applied Energy \|volume=402 \|issue=126908 \|doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126908 \|issn=0306-2619\|hdl=1885/733797162 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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	[[File:PV-system-schematics-residential-Eng.png\|thumb\|upright=1.4\|Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2">Lewis Fraas, Larry Partain. Solar Cells and their Applications, Second Edition, Wiley, 2010, {{ISBN\|978-0-470-44633-1}}, Section10.2.</ref>]]		[[File:PV-system-schematics-residential-Eng.png\|thumb\|upright=1.4\|Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2">Lewis Fraas, Larry Partain. Solar Cells and their Applications, Second Edition, Wiley, 2010, {{ISBN\|978-0-470-44633-1}}, Section10.2.</ref>]]

	The [[Chemistry:Photovoltaic effect\|photovoltaic effect]] in [[Physics:Solar cell\|solar cell]]s converts light into electric current. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|p=147}}.</ref> The German industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens was among those who recognized the importance of this discovery.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|pp=18-20}}.</ref> In 1931, the German engineer Bruno Lange developed a photo cell using [[Chemistry:Silver selenide\|silver selenide]] in place of [[Chemistry:Copper oxide\|copper oxide]],<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9CcDAAAAMBAJ \|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9CcDAAAAMBAJ/page/n42 41] \|title=Magic Plates, Tap Sun For Power\|journal=Popular Science \|date = June 1931\|access-date=19 April 2011\|last1=Corporation\|first1=Bonnier}}</ref> although the prototype [[Software:Selenium\|selenium]] cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the [[Chemistry:Silicon\|silicon]] solar cell in 1954.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|p=29}}.</ref> These early solar cells cost US$286/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|pp=29-30,38}}.</ref> In 1957, Mohamed M. Atalla developed the process of silicon [[Engineering:Surface passivation\|surface passivation]] by [[Physics:Thermal oxidation\|thermal oxidation]] at [[Organization:Bell Labs\|Bell Labs]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Lachlan E. \|title=New Perspectives on Surface Passivation: Understanding the Si-Al2O3 Interface \|date=2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-3-319-32521-7 \|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156698511.pdf \|page=13}}</ref><ref name="Lojek">{{cite book \|last1=Lojek \|first1=Bo \|title=History of Semiconductor Engineering \|url=https://archive.org/details/historysemicondu00loje_697 \|url-access=limited \|date=2007 \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|isbn=978-3-540-34258-8 \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historysemicondu00loje_697/page/n128 120]& 321–323}}</ref> The surface passivation process has since been critical to [[Physics:Solar cell efficiency\|solar cell efficiency]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Lachlan E. \|title=New Perspectives on Surface Passivation: Understanding the Si-Al2O3 Interface \|date=2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-3-319-32521-7 \|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156698511.pdf}}</ref>		The [[Chemistry:Photovoltaic effect\|photovoltaic effect]] in [[Physics:Solar cell\|solar cell]]s converts light into electric current.<ref>Pastuszak, J., & Węgierek, P. (2022). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414585/ Photovoltaic cell generations and current research directions for their development]. Materials, 15(16), 5542.</ref> The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|p=147}}.</ref> The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|p=147}}.</ref> The German industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens was among those who recognized the importance of this discovery.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|pp=18-20}}.</ref> In 1931, the German engineer Bruno Lange developed a photo cell using [[Chemistry:Silver selenide\|silver selenide]] in place of [[Chemistry:Copper oxide\|copper oxide]],<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9CcDAAAAMBAJ \|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9CcDAAAAMBAJ/page/n42 41] \|title=Magic Plates, Tap Sun For Power\|journal=Popular Science \|date = June 1931\|access-date=19 April 2011\|last1=Corporation\|first1=Bonnier}}</ref> although the prototype [[Software:Selenium\|selenium]] cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the [[Chemistry:Silicon\|silicon]] solar cell in 1954.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|p=29}}.</ref> These early solar cells cost US$286/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%.<ref>{{harvnb\|Perlin\|1999\|pp=29-30,38}}.</ref> In 1957, Mohamed M. Atalla developed the process of silicon [[Engineering:Surface passivation\|surface passivation]] by [[Physics:Thermal oxidation\|thermal oxidation]] at [[Organization:Bell Labs\|Bell Labs]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Lachlan E. \|title=New Perspectives on Surface Passivation: Understanding the Si-Al2O3 Interface \|date=2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-3-319-32521-7 \|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156698511.pdf \|page=13}}</ref><ref name="Lojek">{{cite book \|last1=Lojek \|first1=Bo \|title=History of Semiconductor Engineering \|url=https://archive.org/details/historysemicondu00loje_697 \|url-access=limited \|date=2007 \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|isbn=978-3-540-34258-8 \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historysemicondu00loje_697/page/n128 120]& 321–323}}</ref> The surface passivation process has since been critical to [[Physics:Solar cell efficiency\|solar cell efficiency]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Lachlan E. \|title=New Perspectives on Surface Passivation: Understanding the Si-Al2O3 Interface \|date=2016 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-3-319-32521-7 \|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156698511.pdf}}</ref>

	{{As of\|2022}} over 90% of the market is [[Chemistry:Crystalline silicon\|crystalline silicon]].<ref name="Urbina" /> Other types of solar cell include [[Engineering:Thin-film solar cell\|thin-film solar cell]]s, made by depositing one or more thin layers, or [[Physics:Thin film\|thin film]] (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.		{{As of\|2022}} over 90% of the market is [[Chemistry:Crystalline silicon\|crystalline silicon]].<ref name="Urbina" /> Other types of solar cell include [[Engineering:Thin-film solar cell\|thin-film solar cell]]s, made by depositing one or more thin layers, or [[Physics:Thin film\|thin film]] (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.
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	The array of a [[Physics:Photovoltaic system\|photovoltaic system]], or PV system, produces [[Physics:Direct current\|direct current]] (DC) power which fluctuates with the sunlight's intensity. For practical use this usually requires conversion to [[Physics:Alternating current\|alternating current]] (AC), through the use of [[Physics:Solar inverter\|inverters]].<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2" /> Multiple solar cells are connected inside panels. Panels are wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired frequency/phase.<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2" />		The array of a [[Physics:Photovoltaic system\|photovoltaic system]], or PV system, produces [[Physics:Direct current\|direct current]] (DC) power which fluctuates with the sunlight's intensity. For practical use this usually requires conversion to [[Physics:Alternating current\|alternating current]] (AC), through the use of [[Physics:Solar inverter\|inverters]].<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2" /> Multiple solar cells are connected inside panels. Panels are wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired frequency/phase.<ref name="SolarCells_Section10_2" />

	Many residential PV systems are connected to the grid when available, especially in developed countries with large markets.<ref name="IEAPVPS2009_Fig3">{{cite web \| url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=92&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=432 \| title=Trends in Photovoltaic Applications Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2009, IEA-PVPS \| access-date=8 November 2011 \| url-status=live \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525165534/http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=92&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=432 \| archive-date=25 May 2017 }}</ref> In these grid-connected PV systems energy storage is optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators are often added as back-ups. Such [[Engineering:Stand-alone power system\|stand-alone power system]]s permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.		Many residential PV systems are connected to the grid when available, especially in developed countries with large markets.<ref name="IEAPVPS2009_Fig3">{{cite web \| url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=92&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=432 \| title=Trends in Photovoltaic Applications Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2009, IEA-PVPS \| access-date=8 November 2011 \| url-status=live \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525165534/http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=92&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=432 \| archive-date=25 May 2017 }}</ref> In these grid-connected PV systems energy storage is optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators are often added as back-ups.<ref>Betterial. (2026, August 17). [https://www.betterialgroup.com/pv-module-encapsulation/ PV Encapsulation Film]</ref> Such [[Engineering:Stand-alone power system\|stand-alone power system]]s permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.

	=== Concentrated solar power ===		=== Concentrated solar power ===
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	{{Main\|Engineering:Hybrid power}}		{{Main\|Engineering:Hybrid power}}

	A hybrid system combines solar with energy storage or one or more other forms of generation. Hydro,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Garanovic \|first=Amir \|date=2021-11-10 \|title=World's largest hydro-floating solar hybrid comes online in Thailand \|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-largest-hydro-floating-solar-hybrid-comes-online-in-thailand/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Offshore Energy \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Ming \|first1=Bo \|last2=Liu \|first2=Pan \|last3=Guo \|first3=Yi \|title=Complementarity of Variable Renewable Energy Sources \|chapter=Operations management of large hydro–PV hybrid power plants: Case studies in China \|date=2022 \|pages=439–502 \|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-85527-3.00008-X \|isbn=978-0-323-85527-3 }}</ref> wind<ref>{{Cite web \|title=World's largest wind-solar hybrid complex goes online in India \|url=https://renewablesnow.com/news/worlds-largest-wind-solar-hybrid-complex-goes-online-in-india-799667/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Renewablesnow.com \|date=30 September 2022 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Todorović \|first=Igor \|date=2022-11-04 \|title=China completes world's first hybrid offshore wind-solar power plant \|url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/china-completes-worlds-first-hybrid-offshore-wind-solar-power-plant/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Balkan Green Energy News \|language=en-US}}</ref> and batteries<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Which? \|title=Solar panel battery storage \|url=https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/solar-panels/article/solar-panels/solar-panel-battery-storage-a2AfJ0s5tCyT \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Which? \|language=en}}</ref> are commonly combined with solar. The combined generation may enable the system to vary power output with demand, or at least smooth the solar power fluctuation.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Brumana \|first1=Giovanni \|last2=Franchini \|first2=Giuseppe \|last3=Ghirardi \|first3=Elisa \|last4=Perdichizzi \|first4=Antonio \|title=Techno-economic optimization of hybrid power generation systems: A renewables community case study \|journal=Energy \|date=May 2022 \|volume=246 \|article-number=123427 \|doi=10.1016/j.energy.2022.123427 \|bibcode=2022Ene...24623427B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Wang \|first1=Zhenni \|last2=Wen \|first2=Xin \|last3=Tan \|first3=Qiaofeng \|last4=Fang \|first4=Guohua \|last5=Lei \|first5=Xiaohui \|last6=Wang \|first6=Hao \|last7=Yan \|first7=Jinyue \|title=Potential assessment of large-scale hydro-photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems on a global scale \|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews \|date=August 2021 \|volume=146 \|article-number=111154 \|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111154 \|bibcode=2021RSERv.14611154W }}</ref> There is much hydro worldwide, and adding solar panels on or around existing hydro reservoirs is particularly useful, because hydro is usually more flexible than wind and cheaper at scale than batteries,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Todorović \|first=Igor \|date=2022-07-22 \|title=Portugal, Switzerland launch pumped storage hydropower plants of over 2 GW in total \|url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/portugal-switzerland-launch-pumped-storage-hydropower-plants-of-over-2-gw-in-total/ \|access-date=2022-11-08 \|website=Balkan Green Energy News \|language=en-US}}</ref> and existing power lines can sometimes be used.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Bank (ADB) \|first=Asian Development \|title=ADB Partnership Report 2019: Building Strong Partnerships for Shared Progress \|url=https://www.adb.org/multimedia/partnership-report2019/stories/solar-power-meets-hydropower/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Asian Development Bank \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Merlet \|first1=Stanislas \|last2=Thorud \|first2=Bjørn \|date=2020-11-18 \|title=Floating solar power connected to hydropower might be the future for renewable energy \|url=https://sciencenorway.no/hydropower-opinion-renewable-energy/floating-solar-power-connected-to-hydropower-might-be-the-future-for-renewable-energy/1772215 \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=sciencenorway.no}}</ref>		A hybrid system combines solar with energy storage or one or more other forms of generation.<ref>Schleifer, A. H., Harrison-Atlas, D., Cole, W. J., & Murphy, C. A. (2023). [http://Hybrid%20renewable%20energy%20systems:%20The%20value%20of%20storage%20as%20a%20function%20of%20PV-wind%20variabilityhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1036183/full Hybrid renewable energy systems: The value of storage as a function of PV-wind variability]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, 1036183.</ref> Hydro,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Garanovic \|first=Amir \|date=2021-11-10 \|title=World's largest hydro-floating solar hybrid comes online in Thailand \|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-largest-hydro-floating-solar-hybrid-comes-online-in-thailand/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Offshore Energy \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Ming \|first1=Bo \|last2=Liu \|first2=Pan \|last3=Guo \|first3=Yi \|title=Complementarity of Variable Renewable Energy Sources \|chapter=Operations management of large hydro–PV hybrid power plants: Case studies in China \|date=2022 \|pages=439–502 \|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-85527-3.00008-X \|isbn=978-0-323-85527-3 }}</ref> wind<ref>{{Cite web \|title=World's largest wind-solar hybrid complex goes online in India \|url=https://renewablesnow.com/news/worlds-largest-wind-solar-hybrid-complex-goes-online-in-india-799667/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Renewablesnow.com \|date=30 September 2022 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Todorović \|first=Igor \|date=2022-11-04 \|title=China completes world's first hybrid offshore wind-solar power plant \|url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/china-completes-worlds-first-hybrid-offshore-wind-solar-power-plant/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Balkan Green Energy News \|language=en-US}}</ref> and batteries<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Which? \|title=Solar panel battery storage \|url=https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/solar-panels/article/solar-panels/solar-panel-battery-storage-a2AfJ0s5tCyT \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Which? \|language=en}}</ref> are commonly combined with solar. The combined generation may enable the system to vary power output with demand, or at least smooth the solar power fluctuation.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Brumana \|first1=Giovanni \|last2=Franchini \|first2=Giuseppe \|last3=Ghirardi \|first3=Elisa \|last4=Perdichizzi \|first4=Antonio \|title=Techno-economic optimization of hybrid power generation systems: A renewables community case study \|journal=Energy \|date=May 2022 \|volume=246 \|article-number=123427 \|doi=10.1016/j.energy.2022.123427 \|bibcode=2022Ene...24623427B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Wang \|first1=Zhenni \|last2=Wen \|first2=Xin \|last3=Tan \|first3=Qiaofeng \|last4=Fang \|first4=Guohua \|last5=Lei \|first5=Xiaohui \|last6=Wang \|first6=Hao \|last7=Yan \|first7=Jinyue \|title=Potential assessment of large-scale hydro-photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems on a global scale \|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews \|date=August 2021 \|volume=146 \|article-number=111154 \|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111154 \|bibcode=2021RSERv.14611154W }}</ref> There is much hydro worldwide, and adding solar panels on or around existing hydro reservoirs is particularly useful, because hydro is usually more flexible than wind and cheaper at scale than batteries,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Todorović \|first=Igor \|date=2022-07-22 \|title=Portugal, Switzerland launch pumped storage hydropower plants of over 2 GW in total \|url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/portugal-switzerland-launch-pumped-storage-hydropower-plants-of-over-2-gw-in-total/ \|access-date=2022-11-08 \|website=Balkan Green Energy News \|language=en-US}}</ref> and existing power lines can sometimes be used.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Bank (ADB) \|first=Asian Development \|title=ADB Partnership Report 2019: Building Strong Partnerships for Shared Progress \|url=https://www.adb.org/multimedia/partnership-report2019/stories/solar-power-meets-hydropower/ \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=Asian Development Bank \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Merlet \|first1=Stanislas \|last2=Thorud \|first2=Bjørn \|date=2020-11-18 \|title=Floating solar power connected to hydropower might be the future for renewable energy \|url=https://sciencenorway.no/hydropower-opinion-renewable-energy/floating-solar-power-connected-to-hydropower-might-be-the-future-for-renewable-energy/1772215 \|access-date=2022-11-07 \|website=sciencenorway.no}}</ref>

	== Development and deployment ==		== Development and deployment ==

Engineering discussion:Solar power

2026-08-17T15:07:18Z

Add references: new section

New page

== Add references ==

1.Soulouknga, Coulibaly, Doka, and Kofane’s Evaluation of Global Solar Radiation from Meteorological Data in the Sahelian Zone of Chad examines variations in solar radiation and sunshine conditions across several geographical locations.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40807-017-0041-0

2.Pastuszak and Węgierek’s Photovoltaic Cell Generations and Current Research Directions for Their Development outlines the operating principles of photovoltaic cells and their conversion of incident light into electrical energy.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414585/

3.Schleifer, Harrison-Atlas, Cole, and Murphy’s Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: The Value of Storage as a Function of PV-Wind Variability examines hybrid configurations integrating solar photovoltaics, wind generation, and battery energy storage.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1036183/full[[User:Fsgxn|Fsgxn]] ([[User discussion:Fsgxn|talk]]) 10:07, 17 August 2026 (CDT)

Investigation Hotline

2026-08-17T13:58:43Z

Create encyclopedic stub for Investigation Hotline with cited sources

New page

'''Investigation Hotline''' is a private investigation company based in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada. Its stated services include surveillance, relationship and infidelity investigations, corporate and workplace investigations, background checks, asset searches, insurance-fraud investigations, and searches for missing persons.<ref name="company-services">{{cite web
|title=Investigation Hotline
|url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/investigation-hotline
|website=LinkedIn
|access-date=17 August 2026
}}</ref>

== Background ==

The business states that Mitchell Dubros founded Investigation Hotline in 1988.<ref name="company-history">{{cite web
|title=About Investigation Hotline
|url=https://investigationhotline.com/about/
|website=Investigation Hotline
|access-date=17 August 2026
}}</ref> This founding date is presently supported mainly by company-controlled profiles and should be independently verified where possible.

The current federal corporation, Investigation Hotline Canada Inc., was incorporated on 27 February 2015 under the ''Canada Business Corporations Act''. Its registered office is in Toronto, and public corporate data identifies Dubros as a director.<ref name="corporation">{{cite web
|title=Investigation Hotline Canada Inc.
|url=https://opengovca.com/corporation/9203796
|website=OpenGovCA
|publisher=Data sourced from Corporations Canada
|access-date=17 August 2026
}}</ref>

Private-investigation agencies and individual investigators operating in Ontario are regulated under the ''Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005''.<ref name="ontario-regulation">{{cite web
|title=Private security and investigative services
|url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/private-security-and-investigative-services
|website=Ontario.ca
|publisher=Government of Ontario
|access-date=17 August 2026
}}</ref>

== Services ==

The company advertises investigative services for individuals, businesses, legal professionals, and insurers. These include physical surveillance, infidelity investigations, corporate and workplace investigations, background and integrity checks, asset identification, insurance-fraud investigations, skip tracing and missing-person searches, digital investigations, and electronic-surveillance detection.<ref name="company-services" />

Because this service list originates primarily from the company, it describes the scope of services offered rather than independently verified casework or outcomes.

== Recognition ==

Top Choice Awards listed Investigation Hotline as the Greater Toronto Area recipient in the private-investigation-services category for 2025.<ref name="top-choice">{{cite web
|title=GTA award winners
|url=https://www.topchoiceawards.com/winner-pages/gta
|website=Top Choice Awards
|access-date=17 August 2026
}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==

In 2023, the Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed Dubros's appeal from a conviction for wilfully attempting to obstruct justice while working as a private investigator in 2018. The court allowed his sentence appeal and substituted a conditional sentence of two years less one day for the original term of imprisonment.<ref name="dubros-appeal">{{cite court
|litigants=R. v. Dubros
|court=Ontario Court of Appeal
|date=23 June 2023
|reporter=ONCA
|vol=2023
|opinion=447
|url=https://www.minicounsel.ca/oca/2023/447
}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://investigationhotline.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Private investigation firms]]
[[Category:Companies based in Toronto]]
[[Category:Security companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian companies established in 2015]]

Machine learning

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	{{Short description\|Study of algorithms that improve automatically through experience}}		{{Short description\|Study of algorithms that improve automatically through experience}}
	~~{{For\|the journal\|Machine Learning (journal)}}~~
	~~{{Redirect\|Statistical learning\|statistical learning in linguistics\|Statistical learning in language acquisition}}~~
	~~{{Use British English\|date=October 2025}}~~
	{{Machine learning bar}}		{{Machine learning bar}}
	{{Artificial intelligence\|Approaches}}		{{Artificial intelligence\|Approaches}}

Software:Wolfram Mathematica

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	\| genre = [[Software:Computer algebra system\|Computer algebra]], [[Software:List of numerical-analysis software\|numerical computations]], [[Information visualization\|information visualization]], [[Software:List of statistical packages\|statistics]], [[Graphical user interface\|user interface creation]]		\| genre = [[Software:Computer algebra system\|Computer algebra]], [[Software:List of numerical-analysis software\|numerical computations]], [[Information visualization\|information visualization]], [[Software:List of statistical packages\|statistics]], [[Graphical user interface\|user interface creation]]
	\| license = [[Proprietary software\|Proprietary]]		\| license = [[Proprietary software\|Proprietary]]
	\| website = ~~{{Official URL}}~~		\| website = https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/
	\| standard =		\| standard =
	}}		}}

Wolfram Language

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	{{Short description\|Programming language and environment developed by Wolfram Research}}		{{Short description\|Programming language and environment developed by Wolfram Research}}
	~~{{multiple issues\|~~
	~~{{Undisclosed paid\|date=March 2021}}~~
	~~{{primary sources\|date=March 2021}}~~
	}}
	{{Infobox programming language		{{Infobox programming language
	\| name = Wolfram Language		\| name = Wolfram Language

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	{{for\|the CPU design principle\|Frequency scaling}}		{{for\|the CPU design principle\|Frequency scaling}}
	~~{{redirect\|CPU throttling\|other uses\|Throttle (disambiguation)#Computing}}~~
	'''Dynamic frequency scaling''' and '''dynamic voltage scaling''' are techniques used primarily for [[Power management\|power management]] in [[Computer architecture\|computer architecture]]. Dynamic frequency scaling almost always appears in conjunction with [[Physics:Dynamic voltage scaling\|dynamic voltage scaling]], since higher frequencies require higher supply voltages for the digital circuit to yield correct results. The combined topic is known as '''dynamic voltage and frequency scaling''' ('''DVFS''').		'''Dynamic frequency scaling''' and '''dynamic voltage scaling''' are techniques used primarily for [[Power management\|power management]] in [[Computer architecture\|computer architecture]]. Dynamic frequency scaling almost always appears in conjunction with [[Physics:Dynamic voltage scaling\|dynamic voltage scaling]], since higher frequencies require higher supply voltages for the digital circuit to yield correct results. The combined topic is known as '''dynamic voltage and frequency scaling''' ('''DVFS''').

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 16 August 2026
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	{{Short description\|Study of algorithms that improve automatically through experience}}		{{Short description\|Study of algorithms that improve automatically through experience}}
	~~{{For\|the journal\|Machine Learning (journal)}}~~
	~~{{Redirect\|Statistical learning\|statistical learning in linguistics\|Statistical learning in language acquisition}}~~
	~~{{Use British English\|date=October 2025}}~~
	{{Machine learning bar}}		{{Machine learning bar}}
	{{Artificial intelligence\|Approaches}}		{{Artificial intelligence\|Approaches}}