View source for Engineering:Vought OS2U Kingfisher

{{Short description|Observation floatplane (in service 1938-59)}}
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= OS2U Kingfisher
 |image= File:OS2U-2 Kingfisher in flight 1942.jpg
 |caption=
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type= Observation floatplane
 |manufacturer= Vought
 |first flight= 1938
 |introduced=
 |retired= 1959 (Cuba)
 |status=
 |primary user= United States Navy
 |more users= Royal Navy<br/>{{wipe|Royal Australian Air Force}}<br/>Soviet Navy
 |produced=
 |number built= 1,519
 |variants with their own articles=
}}
|}
[[File:OS2Us from USS Mississippi (BB-41) with landing gear c1940.jpg|thumb|OS2U with landing gear]]
The '''Vought OS2U Kingfisher''' is an American catapult-launched observation [[Engineering:Floatplane|floatplane]]. It was a compact mid-wing [[Engineering:Monoplane|monoplane]], with a large central float and small stabilizing floats. Performance was modest because of its low-powered engine. The OS2U could also operate on fixed, wheeled, [[Engineering:Conventional landing gear|taildragger]] landing gear.

The OS2U was the main shipboard [[Engineering:Observation seaplane|observation seaplane]] used by the United States Navy during [[Social:World War II|World War II]], and 1,519 of the aircraft were built. It served on [[Engineering:Battleship|battleship]]s and [[Engineering:Cruiser|cruiser]]s of the U.S. Navy, with the United States Marine Corps in Marine Scouting Squadron Three (VMS-3), with the United States Coast Guard at coastal air stations; at sea with the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy; with the Soviet Navy; and with the {{wipe|Royal Australian Air Force}}.

The Naval Aircraft Factory OS2N was the designation of the OS2U-3 aircraft built by the Naval Aircraft Factory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The OS2U first flew on 1 March 1938.

==Design and development==
[[File:Vought OS2U Kingfisher in flight, circa in 1944 (80-G-K-15959).jpg|left|thumb|OS2U Kingfisher in 1944]]
In the late 1930s, Vought engineer [[Biography:Rex Beisel|Rex Beisel]] was tasked with designing an observation monoplane aircraft for the U.S. Navy suitable for many tasks, including directing battleship fire. In replacing the standard biplane observation aircraft with a more modern monoplane design, Beisel incorporated innovations making it the first production type to be assembled with [[Engineering:Spot welding|spot welding]], a process Vought and the Naval Aircraft Factory jointly developed to create a smooth [[Engineering:Fuselage|fuselage]] that resisted buckling and generated less drag. Beisel also introduced high-lift devices and [[Engineering:Spoiler (aeronautics)|spoilers]]. In a unique arrangement, deflector plate [[Engineering:Flap (aeronautics)|flaps]] and [[Engineering:Aileron|drooping ailerons]] were located on the trailing edge of the wing to increase the [[Physics:Camber (aerodynamics)|camber]] of the wing and thus create additional lift.<ref name="Noles"/> Beisel's first prototype flew in 1938, powered by an air-cooled, 450&nbsp;hp Pratt & Whitney R-985-4 Wasp Junior radial engine.<ref name="Noles">Noles, James Jr [http://www.serviceclub.org/air_space_catapult_crews_layout-fm05.pdf "Old, slow and ugly."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907140343/http://www.serviceclub.org/air_space_catapult_crews_layout-fm05.pdf |date=2008-09-07 }} ''Air and Space,'' February/March 2005, p. 66.</ref>

For combat missions, the pilot had a .30-caliber [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun|Browning M1919 machine gun]], the receiver mounted low in the right front cockpit, firing between the engine cylinder heads, while the radio operator/gunner manned another .30-caliber machine gun (or a pair) on a flexible Scarff ring mount. The aircraft could also carry two 100&nbsp;lb bombs or two 325&nbsp;lb depth charges.<ref name="Noles"/><ref name="CGAH">{{cite web |url= https://cgaviationhistory.org/aircraft_/vought-os2u-2-3-kingfisher/|title= Vought OS2U-2 / 3 "Kingfisher"|author=<!--Not stated--> |website= Coast Guard Aviation Association|publisher= United States Coast Guard Aviation History|access-date= January 7, 2023}}</ref> Additionally, the "[[Biology:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]]", as it was designated, served as a trainer in both its floatplane and landplane configurations.<ref>Hickman 2010, p. 59.</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Aviation cadet on OS2U at NAS Corpus Christi 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Aviation cadet in OS2U Kingfisher at the Naval Air Base, Corpus Christi, Texas]]
[[File: Vought OS2U Kingfisher with rescued airmen off Truk on 1 May 1944 (80-G-227991).jpg|thumb|right|Downed American airmen near Truk await rescue on the wings of an OS2U Kingfisher]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = USS Iowa (BB-61) Planes.jpg
| width1 = 220
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 
| image2 = USS Missouri recovers its Vought OS2U Kingfisher aircraft.jpg
| width2 = 120
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = {{USS|Iowa|BB-61|2}} launches <small>(left)</small> while {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|2}} recovers <small>(right)</small> Vought OS2U Kingfishers in 1944.
}}


The first 54 Kingfishers were delivered to the U.S. Navy beginning in August 1940, and 6 had been assigned to the Pearl Harbor–based Battle Force before the end of the same year. Many of the following 158 OS2U-2s were attached to flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, but 53 were assigned to equip the newly established Inshore Patrol Squadrons, based at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida. In 1942, nine more Inshore Patrol Squadrons were established, all exclusively equipped with OS2N-1s built by the Naval Aircraft Factory.<ref>Bowers 1990, p. 447.</ref>

The Kingfisher was widely used as a shipboard, catapult-launched scout plane on U.S. Navy battleships, [[Engineering:Heavy cruiser|heavy cruiser]]s, and [[Engineering:Light cruiser|light cruiser]]s during [[Social:World War II|World War II]] and played a major role in support of shore bombardments and air-sea rescue. Two examples showing the plane's rescue capabilities include the recovery of [[Social:World War I|World War I]] ace Eddie Rickenbacker and his crew from the Pacific in November 1942<ref>Doll and Jackson 1975, pp. 122–123</ref> and Lieutenant John A. Burns' unique use of the aircraft on 30 April 1944 to taxi airmen rescued from Truk Lagoon to the submarine {{USS|Tang|SS-306|2}}, which was serving rescue duty near the atoll. In all, Burns rescued ten survivors on two trips<ref>Doll and Jackson 1975, pp.123, 127.</ref> and was awarded the Navy Cross for his efforts.

The United States Coast Guard received 76 OS2U-3 Kingfishers starting in 1942 and employed them in anti-submarine warfare, reconnaissance, and search and rescue roles. No Coast Guard Kingfisher is credited with sinking any enemy submarines; however, they were successful in rescuing sailors from ships sunk by enemy torpedoes. The Coast Guard operated Kingfishers until October 1944.<ref name="CGAH"/>

Australia received 18 Kingfishers from a batch of aircraft ordered by the Dutch East Indies that was diverted to Australia in 1942. They were initially used as training aircraft for pilots destined for [[Engineering:Flying boat|flying boat]]s, but in 1943 they were used to equip No. 107 Squadron RAAF, which carried out convoy escort duties until disbanded in October 1945.<ref name="Vincent p54-9">Vincent 1998, pp. 54–59.</ref> One Kingfisher was used in support of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48.<ref name="Vincent p61-2">Vincent 1998, pp. 61–62.</ref>

Throughout its U.S. Navy service, the OS2U and even its predecessor, the [[Engineering:Curtiss SOC Seagull|Curtiss SOC Seagull]], served much longer than planned, as the planned successor, the [[Engineering:Curtiss SO3C Seamew|Curtiss SO3C Seamew]], suffered from an insufficiently powerful engine which was a complete failure.<ref>Bowers 1990, p. 164.</ref> The OS2U was only slowly replaced in the latter stages of World War II with the introduction of the [[Engineering:Curtiss SC Seahawk|Curtiss SC Seahawk]], the first examples reaching the U.S. Navy in October 1944.<ref>Bowers 1990, p. 169.</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:OS2N-1 Kingfisher at Naval Aircraft Factory 1941.jpg|thumb|An OS2N-1 at the Naval Aircraft Factory, 1941.]]
;XOS2U-1
:Prototype Vought Model VS.310 powered by a 450&nbsp;hp (336&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-4 engine, one built.
;OS2U-1
:Initial production variant as the prototype but powered by a 450&nbsp;hp (336&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-48, 54 built.
;OS2U-2
:Production variant with minor equipment changes and powered by a 450&nbsp;hp (336&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-50, 158 built.
;OS2U-3
:Based on the OS2U-2 with self-sealing fuel tanks, armour protection, two .30&nbsp;cal (7.62&nbsp;mm) guns (dorsal and nose mounted), and able to carry 325&nbsp;lb (147&nbsp;kg) of depth charges or 100&nbsp;lb (45&nbsp;kg) bombs, powered by a 450&nbsp;hp (336&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN2 engine, 1006 built.
;OS2U-4
:Two aircraft converted with narrow-chord and high-aspect ratio wings, also fitted with full-span flaps. Not developed.
;OS2N-1
:Naval Aircraft Factory built OS2U-3 with a 450&nbsp;hp (336&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-2 or -AN-8 engine, 300 built.
;Kingfisher I
:{{wipe|United Kingdom}} designation for the OS2U-3, 100 delivered to the Royal Navy.

==Operators==
[[File:OS2U 107 Sqn RAAF in flight.jpg|thumb|An OS2U of 107 Sqn RAAF.]]
[[File:Vought Kingfisher 778 NAS at Arbroath c1942.jpg|thumb|A Fleet Air Arm 778 NAS Kingfisher at Arbroath.]]
[[File:OS2U is hoisted aboard USS Missouri (BB-53) in 1944.jpg|thumb|US Navy OS2U hoisted aboard the USS Missouri (BB-53), 1944]]
;{{AUS}}
*{{wipe|Royal Australian Air Force}}
**No. 107 Squadron RAAF
;{{CHI}}
: 15 aircraft, operated 1942–1957.
;{{CUB}}
* Cuban Naval Aviation
: Operated four aircraft between 1942 and 1959.
;{{DOM}}
:(Three aircraft)
;{{MEX}}
* Mexican Navy
: Six aircraft, 201 Squadron.
;{{NLD}}
: 24 aircraft, not delivered in time for hostilities.
;{{USSR}}
*Soviet Naval Aviation
: 2 aircraft on the ship USS ''Milwaukee'' (Murmansk)
;{{UK}}
*Fleet Air Arm
: Received 100 aircraft.
;{{USA}}
*United States Navy
*United States Marine Corps
*United States Coast Guard—76 aircraft.<ref name="CGAH" />
;{{URU}}
*Uruguayan Navy 
: Received six OS2U-3s in 1942 to 1959 under Lend Lease.<ref>Steinemann ''Air International'' February 1992, p. 73.</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
[[File:314 Vought OS2U Kingfisher Chilean Navy (7322388438).jpg|thumb|Vought OS2U Kingfisher Chilean Navy.]]
[[File:La Havane-Musée de la Révolution-Avion.jpg|thumb|Cuban Vought-Sikorsky Kingfisher.]]
At least eight Kingfishers survive in collections of historic aircraft around the world:<ref>[http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/vought/os2u.htm "Vought OS2U (Kingfisher)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011304/http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/vought/os2u.htm |date=2012-04-03 }} ''Aviation Enthusiast Corner.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>

===Australia===
; OS2U-3
*5985 – Whale World, Albany, Western Australia. It is waiting to be restored. Originally built for the Netherlands Navy in the Dutch East Indies, it was transferred to the RAAF in 1942, serving with Seaplane Training Flight (later 3 OTU) and 107 Sqn before being sold as war surplus in 1945.<ref>[http://www.airliners.net/photo/Untitled/Vought-Sikorsky-OS2U-3-Kingfisher/0464660 "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/5985 in Australia."] ''airliners.net.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref> Now with Pioneer Aero Ardmore New Zealand for restoration, see below.

===Chile===
;OS2U-3
*5925 – Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio, Santiago.<ref>[http://www.museoaeronautico.cl/espanol/pop-ficha.php?id=29 "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/5925 in Chile" (in Spanish language).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617112636/http://www.museoaeronautico.cl/espanol/pop-ficha.php?id=29 |date=2008-06-17 }} ''museoaeronautico.cl.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>

===Cuba===
;OS2U-3
*09650 (marked #50) – Museum of the Revolution (Museo de la Revolución), Havana, Cuba. It is fitted with fixed landing gear rather than a float.<ref>[http://www.airliners.net/photo/Cuba---Navy/Vought-Sikorsky-OS2U-3-Kingfisher/1388352/&sid=6b70a9175282f6f3eebf9e08e4ccc491 "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/Unknown in Cuba."] ''airliners.net.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>

===New Zealand===
; OS2U-3
*5985 – Pioneer Aero, Auckland, New Zealand.  Currently undergoing restoration.  Originally built for Netherlands Navy in Dutch East Indies, it was transferred to the RAAF in 1942, serving with Seaplane Training Flight (later 3 OTU) and 107 Sqn before being sold as war surplus in 1945.<ref>[http://www.pioneeraero.co.nz/project/vought-os2u-kingfisher-2/] ''http://www.pioneeraero.co.nz/<nowiki/>.'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110834/http://www.pioneeraero.co.nz/|date=2017-04-06}} Retrieved: 5 April 2017.</ref>
*5982- Pioneer Aero, Auckland, New Zealand. Currently in Storage for future restoration.

===United States===
[[File:Vought-Sikorsky OS2U-3 Kingfisher.jpg|thumb|OS2U Kingfisher at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.]]
; On display
; OS2U-3
*1368 (marked #60, painted as 0951) – Obtained from Mexico, the aircraft was previously displayed aboard the battleship {{USS|Alabama|BB-60|2}} and is now displayed inside the aircraft pavilion adjacent to the battleship in Mobile, Alabama. The building and the aircraft sustained some damage from Hurricane Katrina in 2005.<ref>[http://www.ussalabama.com/aircraft.php "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/1368."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904084729/http://www.ussalabama.com/aircraft.php |date=2012-09-04 }} ''USS Alabama Museum.'' Retrieved: 13 June 2012.</ref>
*5909 – Boeing Aviation Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, National Air and Space Museum at Dulles International Airport outside of Washington, DC.<ref>[http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19610106000 "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/5909."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402171540/http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19610106000 |date=2011-04-02 }} ''NASM.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>[[File:USMC-101112-M-4752B-025.jpg|thumb|right|Kingfisher donated by Lynn Garrison to North Carolina Battleship Commission]]
*5926 – National Naval Aviation Museum at NAS Pensacola, Florida. It was one of six OS2U-3 Kingfishers that were transferred by Lend-Lease to the National Navy of Uruguay during World War II. This aircraft operated as a seaplane until 1958 and was obtained in 1971.<ref>[http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/explore/exhibits-and-collections/aircraft-on-display "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/5926."] ''National Museum of Naval Aviation.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>
[[File:Lynn Garrison salvaged Vought Kingfisher from Calvert Island, British Columbia, February, 1965.jpg|thumb|Lynn Garrison salvaged Vought Kingfisher from Calvert Island, British Columbia, February, 1965]]
*3073 (marked #8 based on assigned air group) – is on board the battleship {{USS|North Carolina|BB-55|2}} in Wilmington, North Carolina. With the assistance of a Royal Canadian Air Force Piasecki helicopter, Lynn Garrison salvaged this Kingfisher from Calvert Island (British Columbia), during the winter of 1963. It crashed there on a ferry flight to Alaska during World War II. It was initially restored for display by volunteers at Vought Aeronautics in Grand Prairie, Texas<ref>[http://www.battleshipnc.com/AbouttheShip/History.aspx "OS2U-3 Kingfisher/Unknown at USS North Carolina."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112223637/http://battleshipnc.com/AbouttheShip/History.aspx |date=2011-01-12 }} and sent to the battleship in 1971.  The 2018 restoration of the Kingfisher was managed by a Wilmington resident and the Carolina Chapter of the Flight Deck Veterans Group (http://www.fdvg.org/single-post/2018/02/08/FDVG-Strikes-Again-with-Operation-Restoration-USS-North-Carolina). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112223637/http://battleshipnc.com/AbouttheShip/History.aspx |date=2011-01-12 }} ''USS North Carolina.'' Retrieved: 12 January 2011.</ref>
; In storage
; OS2U-3
*09643 – in storage at the Yanks Air Museum, Chino, California.<ref>[https://yanksair.org/collection/vought-os2u-3-kingfisher/] ''Yanks Air Museum – Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher.'' Retrieved: 6 October 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=161463] ''Aerial Visuals - Airframe Dossier'' Retrieved: 6 October 2018.</ref>

==Specifications (OS2U-3)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II<ref name=JFAoWWII>{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II |editor-last1=Bridgman |editor-first1=Leonard |date=1989 |publisher=Military Press |location=New York |isbn=0517679647 |edition=1995 |page=214}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|length ft=33
|length in=7.2
|length note=
|span ft=35
|span in=10.7
|span note=
|height ft=14
|height in=8
|height note=
|wing area sqft=261.9
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA 23015]]; '''tip:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA 23009]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=3335
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=4980
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=6000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|144|USgal|impgal l|0}} in an integral wing tank
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN2 Wasp Junior
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=450
|eng1 note=for take-off
::::{{cvt|400|hp|0}} at {{cvt|5000|ft|0}}

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=[[Company:Hamilton Standard|Hamilton Standard]] constant-speed propeller
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=171
|max speed note=at {{cvt|5000|ft|0}}
|cruise speed mph=152
|cruise speed note=with 75% power at {{cvt|6000|ft|0}}
*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|55|mph|kn km/h}}
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=908
|range note=with 75% power at {{cvt|6000|ft|0}}
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=18200
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=960
|climb rate note=at {{cvt|4000|ft|0}}
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=19
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.08|hp/lb}}
|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 1 fixed, forward firing {{cvt|.30|in|2}} [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919 Browning machine gun]] with 500 rounds and 1 {{cvt|.30|in|2}} [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919 Browning machine gun]] with 600 rounds, flexibly mounted for the observer.
|bombs= {{cvt|650|lb|0}} of bombs or depth charges.<ref name="CGAH"/>

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related= 
|similar aircraft=
* [[Engineering:Aichi E13A|Aichi E13A]]
* [[Engineering:Arado Ar 196|Arado Ar 196]]
* [[Engineering:Curtiss SOC Seagull|Curtiss SOC Seagull]]
* [[Engineering:Curtiss SO3C Seamew|Curtiss SO3C Seamew]]
* [[Engineering:Curtiss SC Seahawk|Curtiss SC Seahawk]]
* [[Engineering:IMAM Ro.43|IMAM Ro.43]]
* [[Engineering:Mitsubishi F1M|Mitsubishi F1M]]
* [[Engineering:Edo OSE|Edo OSE]]
* [[Engineering:Stearman XOSS|Stearman XOSS]]
|lists=
* [[Engineering:List of aircraft of World War II|List of aircraft of World War II]]
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Adcock, Al. ''OS2U Kingfisher in Action (Aircraft in Action No. 119)''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1991. {{ISBN|0-89747-270-5}}.
* Bowers, Peter M. ''United States Navy Aircraft since 1911''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, pp.&nbsp;447–448. {{ISBN|0-87021-792-5}}.
* Doll, Thomas E., and B.R. Jackson. "Vought-Sikorsky OS2U Kingfisher". ''Aircraft in Profile, Volume 14''. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1974, pp.&nbsp;113–136. {{ISBN|0-85383-023-1}}.
* Eden, Paul and  Soph Moeng, eds. ''The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft.'' London: Amber Books Ltd., 2002, {{ISBN|0-7607-3432-1}}.
* Hickman, Patrick M. ''The Aircraft Collection.'' Pensacola, Florida: The Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, Inc., 2010.
* Pattison, Barry. ''Kingfisher in the Antipodes''. Glen Waverly, Victoria 3150, Australia: Red Roo Model Publications, 1998.
* Steinemann, Peter. "Protector of the Plate". ''Air International'', Vol. 42, No. 2, February 1992. pp.&nbsp;73–78. {{ISSN|0306-5634}}.
* Sturtivant, Ray and M. Burrow. ''Fleet Air Arm Aircraft: 1939 to 1945''.  Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd, 1995. {{ISBN|0-85130-232-7}}.
* Vincent, David. "Kangaroo Kingfishers". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 77, September/October 1998. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. pp.&nbsp;54–62. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200406/ai_n9446476/pg_1 Wainwright, Marshall. "Kingfisher goes to war" Air Classics, June 2004.]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vSYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+june+1941&pg=PA61 "Slingshot Planes" Popular Science, May 1943] also [https://books.google.com/books?id=vSYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+june+1941&pg=PA62 page 62] of the same article
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/57k1.htm NavSource Online: Battleship Photo Archive Vought OS2U Kingfisher]
			


[[Category:Floatplanes]]
[[Category: Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category: Low-wing aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Vought OS2U Kingfisher}}