View source for Place:Finno-Ugric countries

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{{Short description|Nations of Finland, Estonia and Hungary}}
The '''Finno-Ugric countries''' are the three independent nation states with a national majority that speaks a Finno-Ugric language: {{wipe|Finland}} and Estonia, which are inhabited by Baltic Finnic peoples, and Hungary, which is majority Magyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1392787|title=Eager, Pragmatic or Reluctant: Can Common Finno-Ugric Ethnic and Linguistic Links Substantiate Intra-EU CFSP Co-Operation?|first=Umut|last=Korkut|date=21 April 2009|ssrn=1392787 |access-date=20 February 2018|via=papers.ssrn.com}}</ref>
The three countries are represented in the Finno-Ugric Congress.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://journal.fi/ethnolfenn/article/view/66270|title=X Finno-Ugric Congress in Mari El|first=Helena|last=Ruotsala|date=20 February 2018|journal=Ethnologia Fennica|volume=32|pages=74–76|access-date=20 February 2018|via=journal.fi|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033727/https://journal.fi/ethnolfenn/article/view/66270|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftp.eki.ee/index.php?id=10973|title=FennoUgria: World Congresses|website=ftp.eki.ee|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033715/http://ftp.eki.ee/index.php?id=10973|url-status=live}}</ref>
They work together in funding research on Finno-Ugric topics and in protecting the minority rights of other Finno-Ugric-speaking nations that do not occupy sovereign states; collectively these have been called '''Fenno-Ugria'''.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.jef.ee/index.php/journal/article/view/141|title=Udmurt Identity Issues: Core Moments from the Middle Ages to the Present Day|first=Marie|last=Casen|date=30 June 2014|journal=Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics|volume=8|issue=1|pages=91–110|access-date=20 February 2018|via=www.jef.ee|archive-date=8 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308074249/http://www.jef.ee/index.php/journal/article/view/141|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Modern entities==

===Independent sovereign states===

====Balto-Finnic====

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Founded
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
| [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]]
| 6 December 1917
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| [[Place:Tallinn|Tallinn]]
| 24 February 1918
|}

====Ugric====

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Founded
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| ''c''. 895
|}

===Countries where Finno-Ugric languages have official or co-official status===

====Saami====
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Language(s)
|-
| Finland: {{Flagicon image|Sami flag.svg}} Sámi homeland
| Sajos
| [[Social:Sámi languages|Sami]]
|-
| {{flag|Norway}}
| [[Place:Oslo|Oslo]]
| [[Social:Sami languages|Sami]] and Kven
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]]
| [[Social:Finnish language|Finnish]], Meänkieli and [[Social:Sami languages|Sami]]
|}

The recently extinct [[Social:Livonian language|Livonian language]] has special though unofficial status in {{flag|Latvia}}.

====Ugric====
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Language(s)
|-
| {{flag|Romania}}
| Localities with populations over 20% ethnic Hungarian (all in [[Place:Transylvania|Transylvania]])
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]] 
|-
| Serbia: {{flag|Vojvodina}}
| Novi Sad
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|}

====Permic====
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Language(s)
|-
| Russia: {{flag|Komi}}
| Syktyvkar
| [[Social:Komi language|Komi]]
|-
| Russia: {{flag|Udmurtia}}
| Izhevsk
| [[Social:Udmurt language|Udmurt]]
|}

====Volgaic====
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Capital ||Language(s)
|-
| Russia: {{flag|Mari El}}
| Yoshkar-Ola
| Meadow Mari, [[Social:Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]]
|-
| Russia: {{flag|Mordovia}}
| Saransk
| [[Social:Erzya language|Erzya]], [[Social:Moksha language|Moksha]]
|}

===Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status===
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Country ||Region 
!Language(s)||Administrative center ||Founded
|-
| {{flag|Austria}}
| {{flag|Burgenland}}
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| [[Place:Eisenstadt|Eisenstadt]]
| 1921
|-
| rowspan=4| {{flag|Norway}}
| {{flag|Finnmark}}
| [[Social:Northern Sami|Northern Sami]]
| Vadsø
| 1576
|-
| {{flag|Troms}}
| [[Social:Northern Sami|Northern Sami]]
| Tromsø
| 1866
|-
| {{flag|Nordland}}
| [[Social:Sami languages|Sami]]
| Bodø
| 17th century
|-
| {{flag|Trøndelag}}
| [[Social:Southern Sami|Southern Sami]]
| [[Place:Trondheim|Trondheim]]
| 1687
|-
| rowspan=3| {{flag|Russia}}
| {{flag|Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug}}
| [[Social:Khanty language|Khanty]], [[Social:Mansi language|Mansi]]
| Khanty-Mansiysk
| 10 December 1930
|-
| {{flag|Perm Krai}}
| [[Social:Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]
| [[Earth:Perm, Russia|Perm]]
| 1 December 2005
|-
| {{flagicon|Karelia}} Karelia Republic
| [[Social:Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Social:Veps language|Vepsian]], [[Social:Finnish language|Finnish]]
| Petrozavodsk
| 16 July 1956
|-
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| Prekmurje
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| Murska Sobota
| ''Unknown''
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| {{flagicon image|Norrbottens län vapenflagga.svg}} Norrbotten County
| Meänkieli, [[Social:Sámi languages|Sami]]
| Luleå
| 1810
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| {{flagicon image|Mukachivskiy rayon prapor.png}} Mukacheve Raion
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| Mukacheve
| 9 November 1953
|}

==Historical states and dynasties==

===Hungarian states===
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Year(s)  ||Capital ||Map
|-
| Hétmagyar confederation
| 9th century
| ''Unknown''
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg|border=no}} [[Place:Principality of Hungary|Principality of Hungary]]
| 895–1000
| Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (13th century).svg|border=no}} [[History:Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Árpád Kingdom]]
| 1000–1301
| Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
| [[File:Kingdom of Hungary 1190.svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Vladislaus II of Hungary.svg|border=no}} [[History:Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)]]
| 1301–1526
| Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and Buda
|
|-
| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom<br><small>(vassal under {{flag|Ottoman Empire|red}})</small>
| 1526–1551<br>1556–1570
| Buda <small>(1526–41)</small><br>Lippa <small>(1541–42)</small><br>Gyulafehérvár <small>(1542–70)</small>
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} [[Place:Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]]<br><small>(since 1804 crownland of the {{flag|Austrian Empire}})</small>
| 1526–1867
| Buda <small>(1526–1536, 1784–1873)</small><br>[[Place:Bratislava|Pressburg]] <small>(1536–1783)</small>
| [[File:KingdomOfHungary Josephinische Landesaufnahme Original Map 1782-1785.jpg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Transylvanian flag, 1601.svg}} [[Place:Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)]]<br><small>(vassal under {{flag|Ottoman Empire|red}})</small>
| 1570–1711
| Gyulafehérvár <small>(1570–1692)</small><br>Nagyszeben <small>(1692–1711)</small>
| [[File:Transylvanian Principality.svg|150px]]
|-
| Principality of Upper Hungary<br><small>(vassal under {{flag|Ottoman Empire|red}})</small>
| 1682–1685
| Kassa
| [[File:Central europe 1683.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg}} [[Place:Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]]<br><small>(since 1804 part of the {{flag|Austrian Empire}})</small>
| 1711–1867
| Nagyszeben <small>(1711–1791, 1848–1861)</small><br>Kolozsvár <small>(1791–1848, 1861–1867)</small>
| [[File:Romania 1859-1878.png|150px]]
|-
| Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen<br><small>(part of {{flag|Austria-Hungary}})</small>
| 1867–1918
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:Cisleithania, Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|150px]]
|}

Note: some of these countries, while not predominantly ethnically Hungarian, were ruled by Hungarians, so they are considered as such here.

===Post-World War I states===
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Year(s)  ||Capital ||Map
|-
| {{flagicon image|Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg}} [[Social:Soviet Republic of Naissaar|Soviet Republic of Naissaar]]
| 1917–1918
| Obernargen
| [[File:Naissaar.PNG|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland (1918-1920).svg}} Kingdom of Finland
| 1918–1919
| [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]]
| [[File:Finlandduchy.jpg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
| 1918
| [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]]
| [[File:FinnishCivilWarMapBegin.svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Estonia}} Estonia (1918–40)
| 1918–40
| [[Place:Tallinn|Tallinn]]
| [[File:Estonian War of Independence, map.JPG|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Karelian National Flag.svg}} Republic of East Karelia
| 1918–1920
| Uhtua
| [[File:Itä-Karjala.sijainti.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|First Hungarian Republic}}
| 1918–1919
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:ArmisticioDeBelgradoYHungría19181919.svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg}} Estonian Worker's Commune
| 1918–1919
| Narva
| [[File:LocationEstonia.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Ingrian people.svg}} North Ingria
| 1919–1920
| Kirjasalo
| [[File:Pohjois.inkeri.sijainti.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|Hungarian Soviet Republic}}
| 1919
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:Nepkoztarsasag.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|Hungarian Republic (1919–20)}}
| 1919–1920
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| 
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}
| 1920–1946
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:Kingdom of Hungary (1942).svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Banate of Leitha.svg}} Banate of Leitha
| 1921
| Oberwart
| [[File:Burgenland in Austria.svg|150px]]
|-
| Finnish Democratic Republic
| 1939–1940
| Terijoki
| [[File:Suomen-kansantasavalta.png|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|Second Hungarian Republic}}
| 1946–1949
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:Ungheria_(1945-1949).png|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|Hungarian People's Republic}}
| 1949–1989
| [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
| [[File:Hungary_1956-1990.svg|150px]]
|}

====Autonomous regions====
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#ececec" align="center"
!| Name ||Year(s)  ||Capital ||Map
|-
| {{flagicon image|Eestimaa värvid.svg}} Autonomous Governorate of Estonia<br><small>(under {{flag|Russian Republic}})</small>
| 1917–1918
| [[Place:Tallinn|Tallinn]]
| [[File:Estonia1925physical.jpg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg}} Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1923–1940<br>1956–1991
| Petrozavodsk
| [[File:Soviet Union - Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg}} Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1934–1990
| Saransk
| 
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg}} Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1934–1990
| Izhevsk
| 
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Komi ASSR.svg}} Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1936–1990
| Syktyvkar
| 
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg}} Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1936–1990
| Yoshkar-Ola
| 
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg}} Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1940–1956
| Petrozavodsk
| [[File:Soviet Union - Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flag|Estonian SSR|name=Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic}}<br><small>(under {{flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
| 1940–1991
| [[Place:Tallinn|Tallinn]]
| [[File:Soviet Union - Estonian SSR.svg|150px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Serbia (1947–1992).svg}} Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina<br><small>(under {{flag|Yugoslavia}})</small>
| 1944–1992
| Novi Sad
| [[File:Locator map Vojvodina in Yugoslavia and Serbia.svg|150px]]
|-
| Magyar Autonomous Region<br><small>(under {{flag|Socialist Republic of Romania|name=Romania}})</small>
| 1952–1968
| Târgu Mureș
| [[File:Magyar Autonomous Region.png|150px]]
|-
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Vepsia.svg}} Veps National Volost<br><small>(under {{flag|Russia}})</small>
| 1994–2004
| Shyoltozero
| 
|}

==See also==
*World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Eastern Europe]]
[[Category:Northern Europe]]



{{Sourceattribution|Finno-Ugric countries|1}}