Biology:Treacle protein
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Treacle protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCOF1 gene.[1][2] Template:PBB Summary TCOF1 is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called treacle.[3] This protein is active during early embryonic development in structures that become bones and other tissues in the face. Although the precise function of this protein is unknown, researchers believe that it plays a critical role in the development of facial bones and related structures.
Studies suggest that treacle is involved in the production of a molecule called ribosomal RNA (rRNA) within cells. Treacle is active in the nucleolus, which is a small region inside the nucleus where rRNA is produced. As a major component of cell structures called ribosomes, rRNA is essential for the assembly of proteins.
Aside from its interaction with UBF, treacle has been implicated in the methylation of the precursor to mature ribosomal RNA by interaction with the nucleolar protein pNop56.[4]
The TCOF1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 between positions 32 and 33.1, from base pair 149,717,427 to base pair 149,760,047.
Related diseases
More than 120 mutations in the TCOF gene have been identified in people with Treacher Collins syndrome. Most of these mutations insert or delete a small number of DNA building blocks (base pairs) in the TCOF1 gene. TCOF1 mutations lead to the production of an abnormally small, nonfunctional version of treacle or prevent the cell from producing this protein. Researchers speculate that a loss of treacle reduces the production of rRNA in parts of the embryo that develop into facial bones and tissues. It is not known how loss of the treacle protein causes the specific problems with facial development found in Treacher Collins syndrome. For instance, mutations in the TCOF gene of these individuals often result in a cleft palate.[5]
Model organisms
Mutations in this gene in Jindo dogs have been associated to the observed cranial differences between Jindo and boxer dogs.[6]
References
- ↑ "Mapping the Treacher Collins syndrome locus to 5q31.3----q33.3". Genomics 11 (1): 193–8. Feb 1992. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90118-X. PMID 1765376.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: TCOF1 Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6949.
- ↑ "The Treacher Collins syndrome (TCOF1) gene product is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription by interacting with upstream binding factor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (29): 10709–14. 2004. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402492101. PMID 15249688.
- ↑ "The Treacher Collins syndrome (TCOF1) gene product is involved in pre-rRNA methylation". Hum Mol Genet 14 (14): 2035–43. 2005. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi208. PMID 15930015.
- ↑ Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC (2011). "Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences". Nature Reviews Genetics (12): 167-178.
- ↑ "Genome analysis of the domestic dog (korean jindo) by massively parallel sequencing". DNA Res. 19 (3): 275–88. 2012. doi:10.1093/dnares/dss011. PMID 22474061.
Further reading
External links
- GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Treacher Collins Syndrome or Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
- GeneCard
- TCOF1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- TCOF1 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- TCOF1 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
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