Chemistry:List of sapphires by size
This is a list of sapphires by size.
Sapphire
Sapphires are a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in jewelry. They also may be created synthetically in laboratories for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs.
Sapphire is the birthstone for September and the gem of the 45th anniversary. A sapphire jubilee occurs after 65 years. [2]
List of sapphires
| Sapphire | Origin | Date | Size | Cut | Color | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Star of Adam | Sri Lanka | 2015 | 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g) | Star | Blue | Anonymous owner | [3] |
| Black Star of Queensland | Australia | 1938 | 733 carats (146.6 g) | Star | Black | Anonymous owner | [4] |
| Star of India | Sri Lanka | 563.4 carats (112.68 g) | Star | Blue-gray | American Museum of Natural History, New York | [5] | |
| Queen Marie of Romania | Sri Lanka | 478.68 carats (95.736 g) | Cushion | Blue | Anonymous owner | [6] | |
| Logan Sapphire | Sri Lanka | 422.99 carats (84.598 g) | Cushion | Blue | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [7] | |
| Star of Asia | Burma | 330 carats (66 g) | Star | Blue | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [8] | |
| Star of Artaban | Sri Lanka | 287 carats (57.4 g) | Star | Blue-violet | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [9] | |
| Star of Bombay | Sri Lanka | 182 carats (36.4 g) | Star | Blue-violet | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [10] | |
| Ruspoli Sapphire | 136.9 carats (27.38 g) | [11] | |||||
| Stuart Sapphire | Sri Lanka | 104 carats (20.8 g) | Blue | Tower of London | [12] | ||
| Bismarck Sapphire | Myanmar | 98.56 carats (19.712 g) | Table | Blue | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [13] | |
| James J. Hill Sapphire | 22.66 carats (4.532 g) | Cornflower | National Museum of Natural History, Washington | [14] |
See also
- List of gold nuggets by size
- List of individual gemstones
Bibliography
Notes
- ↑ Gemological Institute of America 2019.
- ↑ BBC News 2017.
- ↑ Sivaramakrishnan 2016.
- ↑ Naso 2003.
- ↑ American Museum of Natural History 2019.
- ↑ Christie's 2003.
- ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019a.
- ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019b.
- ↑ Abrams 2012, p. 31.
- ↑ Howard 2011.
- ↑ Farges et al. 2015, p. 392.
- ↑ Younghusband & Davenport 1919, p. 57.
- ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019.
- ↑ United Press International 2007.
References
- Abrams, Judith Z. (2012). The Other Talmud--the Yerushalmi: Unlocking the Secrets of the Talmud of Israel for Judaism Today. Jewish Lights Publishing. ISBN 9781580234634. - Total pages: 239
- American Museum of Natural History (2019). "Star of India". American Museum of Natural History. https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/gems/star-of-india. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- BBC News (February 6, 2017). "Queen's Sapphire Jubilee: Gun salutes mark 65 years on the throne". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-38872538. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Christie's (November 19, 2003). "Lot 382: A Magnificent and Historic Sapphire Pendant, By Cartier". Christie's. https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/a-magnificent-and-historic-sapphire-pendant-by-4190982-details.aspx?from=salesummery&intObjectID=4190982&sid=46018e0d-dd25-4985-be9a-0e9289b52a30. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Farges, François; Panczer, Gérard; Benbalagh, Nassima; Riondet, Geoffray (Winter 2015). "The Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV and The Ruspoli Sapphire". Gems & Gemology (Gemological Institute of America) vol. 51 (no. 4). ISSN 0016-626X. https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/winter-2015-sapphire-ruspoli-sapphire-historical-gemological-discoveries. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Gemological Institute of America (2019). "sapphire". Gemological Institute of America. https://www.gia.edu/sapphire. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Howard, Bill (December 2, 2011). "The rush job from Hell". Southern Jewelry News. https://southernjewelrynews.com/columnists/diana-jarrett/1391-the-story-behind-the-stone-the-star-of-bombay. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Naso, Pat (February 5, 2003). "Feature: Legendary sapphire for sale". United Press International. https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2003/02/05/Feature-Legendary-sapphire-for-sale/10481044491153/?ur3=1. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Sivaramakrishnan, P (January 4, 2016). "World's largest blue star sapphire 'found in Sri Lanka'". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35226276. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Smithsonian Institution (2019). "Bismarck Sapphire Necklace". Smithsonian Institution. https://geogallery.si.edu/10002691/bismarck-sapphire-necklace. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Smithsonian Institution (2019a). "Logan Sapphire". Smithsonian Institution. https://geogallery.si.edu/10002687/logan-sapphire. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Smithsonian Institution (2019b). "Star of Asia". Smithsonian Institution. https://geogallery.si.edu/10002858/star-of-asia. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- United Press International (April 29, 2007). "Sapphire sells for more than $3 million". United Press International. https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2007/04/29/Sapphire-sells-for-more-than-3-million/59261177894819/?ur3=1. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Younghusband, George John; Davenport, Cyril (1919). The crown jewels of England. Funk. - Total pages: 84
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