Engineering:HQ-16
| HQ-16 | |
|---|---|
 HQ-16A ground launcher | |
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2011 – present |
| Used by | Primary user: China See Operators section for others |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST) |
| Specifications | |
Detonation mechanism | impact / proximity |
| Engine | rocket motor |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
Operational range |
|
Guidance system | |
Launch platform | |
The HQ-16 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-16; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-16; pinyin: Hóng Qí-16; literally: 'Red Banner-16'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-16)[3][4] is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) from the People's Republic of China. It is derived from earlier versions of the Russian Buk missile system.[1][2]
Development
Development began in 2005, and was reportedly assisted by the Almaz-Antey Corporation.[3] It was initially developed as a naval system.[1] In late-2011, China reported the "co-development between Russia and China" of the missile was complete.[3]
The HQ-16B was developed by late-2011.[3]
A ground battery consists of a command post, two multifunction radars, and four to six launchers. Each launcher has six missiles.[1]
Operational history
The platform for the HHQ-16, the Type 054A frigate, entered service in 2008.[5] The HQ-16A entered service in 2011.[6]
The HQ-16A entered Chinese service in 2011.[6]
Pakistan entered negotiations to purchase the missile in 2015.[7] The LY-80s entered service with the Pakistan Army in March 2017.[8]
Variants
- HQ-16A
Original land-based variant[1] with a range of 40 kilometres (25 mi).[6]
- HHQ-16
Naval variant.[2]
- HQ-16B
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]
- HQ-16C
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]
- LY-80
Export variant.[9]
- LY-80N
Export naval variant.[9]
- HQ-16FE
Improved variant with range up to 160 kilometres (99 mi).[10]
Operators
People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army Ground Force - 200 HQ-16A & HQ-16B[11]
- People's Liberation Army Navy - HHQ-16.[12]
Pakistan
LY-80, LY-80N.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 United States Department of the Army 2021, p. C-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schwartz 2015, p. 28.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "China develops longer-range HQ-16 SAM variant". 7 September 2016. http://www.janes.com/article/63500/china-develops-longer-range-hq-16-sam-variant.
- ↑ "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. 15 February 2023.
- ↑ Dominguez, Gabriel (15 January 2018). "PLAN inducts Type 054A frigate into North Sea Fleet". http://www.janes.com/article/77048/plan-inducts-type-054a-frigate-into-north-sea-fleet.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cazalet, Mark; Dominguez, Gabriel (1 March 2021). "Air-defence brigade under PLAGF's 78th Group Army receives HQ-16 SAM systems". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/air-defence-brigade-under-plagfs-78th-group-army-receives-hq-16-sam-systems.
- ↑ Einhorn & Sidhu 2017, p. 54.
- ↑ "Army inducts Chinese-built air defence system to its arsenal". 12 March 2017. https://www.dawn.com/news/1320053.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 298.
- ↑ Chan, Minnie (15 November 2022). "China showcases latest missile defence systems at Zhuhai air show" (in en). South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3199586/china-showcases-latest-hongqi-missile-defence-systems-zhuhai-air-show.
- ↑ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 257.
- ↑ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 258.
Sources
- Einhorn, Robert; Sidhu, W.P.S. (March 2017). The Strategic Chain: Linking Pakistan, India, China, and the United States (Report). Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Series. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/acnpi_201703_strategic_chain.pdf.
- The International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-27900-8.
- Schwartz, Paul (August 2015). Russia's Contribution to China's Surface Warfare Capabilities: Feeding the Dragon. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5879-2. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/150824_Schwartz_RussiaContribChina_Web.pdf.
- United States Department of the Army (9 August 2021). Chinese Tactics. Army Techniques Publication. Washington, D.C.. 7-100.3. https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN33195-ATP_7-100.3-000-WEB-1.pdf.
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