Biology:Melanthera

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Short description: Genus of flowering plants

Melanthera
Wollastonia biflora.jpg
Melanthera biflora
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Ecliptinae
Genus: Melanthera
Rohr[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Echinocephalum Gardner
  • Melananthera Michx.

Melanthera (common name: squarestem),[3] is a genus of perennial[4] flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to North and South America, as well as Africa, Asia and Oceania, including Hawaiʻi.[5][6][7][8][9]

The most common species of this genus is Melanthera biflora, found in the coastal areas and islands of the tropical belt of the Indo-Pacific region.[10] Together with Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Digitaria ciliaris, Melanthera biflora is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.[11]

Despite their general hardiness, leaves of Melanthera species are often attacked by rusts such as Uromyces columbianus and Uromyces martinii.[12]

Taxonomy

There are difficulties regarding the classification of this genus for its affinities are uncertain. Further studies are needed to clarify its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.[13][14]

Species

This is a list of species.[15][16]

  • Melanthera abyssinica (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Vatke - tropical Africa from Ethiopia to Tanzania + Sierra Leone
  • Melanthera angustifolia A.Rich. - Central America, Cuba, Yucatán, Bahamas, southern Florida
  • Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild. Indo-Pacific
  • Melanthera bryanii (Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Pili Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera buchii Urb. - Haiti
  • Melanthera cinerea Schweinf. ex Schweinf. - Africa
  • Melanthera discoidea S.F.Blake - Amazonas State in Brazil
  • Melanthera elliptica O.Hoffm. - central Africa
  • Melanthera fauriei (H. Lév.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Olokele Canyon Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera felicis C.D.Adams - Guinea in West Africa
  • Melanthera gambica Hutch. & Dalziel - Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau in West Africa
  • Melanthera hastata (Walt.) Rich. - Michoacán in Mexico, Islas de la Bahía in Honduras, Bahamas, El Salvador
  • Melanthera integrifolia (Nutt.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Kure Atoll Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera kamolensis (O.Deg.) & Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Maui Nehe; Mauʻi
  • Melanthera latifolia (Gardner) Cabrera - Brazil , Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
  • Melanthera lavarum (Gaudich.) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Coastal Nehe; Hawaiʻi.
  • Melanthera micrantha (Nutt.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera nivea (L.) Small – Pineland Squarestem, Snow Squarestem, Yerba de Cabra; SE United States (LA MS AL GA FL SC Tennessee KY IL),[17] Caribbean, Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Quintana Roo), Central America, South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, northern Brazil )
  • Melanthera parvifolia Small – Small-leaf Squarestem - southern Florida
  • Melanthera perdita (Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Koʻokoʻolau; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera populifolia (Sherff) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Grassland Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera prostrata (Hemsl.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - China , Japan , Korea, Thailand, Vietnam[18]
  • Melanthera pungens Oliv. & Hiern - tropical Africa
  • Melanthera remyi (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Annual Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera scandens (Schumach.) Roberty[19]
  • Melanthera rhombifolia O.Hoffm. & Muschl. - West Africa
  • Melanthera richardsae Wild - tropical Africa
  • Melanthera robinsonii Wild - tropical Africa
  • Melanthera robusta (Makino) K.Ohashi & H.Ohashi - Japan , Taiwan
  • Melanthera scaberrima Hiern - Angola
  • Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty - tropical Africa
  • Melanthera subcordata (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera tenuifolia (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Waianae Range Nehe; Oʻahu
  • Melanthera tenuis (O.Deg. & Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Streambed Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera triternata (Klatt) Wild - southern Africa
  • Melanthera venosa (Sherff) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Spreading Nehe; Hawaiʻi
  • Melanthera waimeaensis (H.St.John) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Waimea Canyon Nehe; Kauaʻi

References

  1. ↑ "Genus: Melanthera Rohr". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7415. Retrieved 2011-02-14. 
  2. ↑ "Melanthera Rohr". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326928-2#synonyms. 
  3. ↑ "Melanthera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MELAN2. Retrieved 30 June 2015. 
  4. ↑ Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 123 Melanthera Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 213. 1792.
  5. ↑ Rohr, Julius Philip Benjamin von. 1792. Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 2(1): 213–214
  6. ↑ Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.
  7. ↑ Parks, J. C. 1973. A revision of North American and Caribbean Melanthera (Compositae). Rhodora 75: 169–210.
  8. ↑ Pruski, J.F. 1997. Asteraceae. 3: 177–393. In J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
  9. ↑ Wild, H. 1965. The African species of the genus Melanthera Rohr. Kirkia 5: 1–17
  10. ↑ Response of Melanthera biflora to Salinity and Water Stress[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  11. ↑ Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Series: Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 43, p. 102
  12. ↑ George Baker Cummins (1978). Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composites in North America. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-0653-1. 
  13. ↑ Phylogenetic relationships of subtribe Ecliptinae - American Journal of Botany
  14. ↑ Orchard, Anthony E. 2013. The Wollastonia/Melanthera/Wedelia generic concept (Asteraceae:Ecliptinae), with particular reference to Australia and Malesia. Nuytsia 23:337-466 (as Acunniana procumbens (DC.) Orchard),
  15. ↑ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  16. ↑ "Melanthera". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=38089. Retrieved 2011-02-14. 
  17. ↑ Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
  18. ↑ Flora of China, Vol. 20-21 Page 871 卤地菊 lu di ju Melanthera prostrata (Hemsley) W. L. Wagner & H. Robinson, Brittonia. 53: 557. 2002.
  19. ↑ "GRIN Species Records of Melanthera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?7415. Retrieved 2011-02-14. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q9031295 entry



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