Biology:Cytoglobin

Short description: Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Cytoglobin is the protein product of CYGB, a human and mammalian gene.

Cytoglobin is a globin molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized in marine mammals. It was discovered in 2001 and named cytoglobin in 2002. It is thought to protect against hypoxia. The predicted function of cytoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from arterial blood to the brain.

Function

Cytoglobin is a ubiquitously expressed hexacoordinate hemoglobin that may facilitate diffusion of oxygen through tissues, scavenge nitric oxide or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during oxidative stress.

Applications

CYGB expression can be used as a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.

Further reading

• "Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (27): 25318–23. Jul 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102630200. PMID 11320098. 
• "Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues". Molecular Biology and Evolution 19 (4): 416–21. Apr 2002. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004096. PMID 11919282. 
• "Characterization of human stellate cell activation-associated protein and its expression in human liver". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1577 (3): 471–5. Sep 2002. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00477-3. PMID 12359339. 
• "Characterization of the heme environmental structure of cytoglobin, a fourth globin in humans". Biochemistry 42 (17): 5133–42. May 2003. doi:10.1021/bi027067e. PMID 12718557. 
• "A globin in the nucleus!". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (33): 30417–20. Aug 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300203200. PMID 12796507. 
• "The redox state of the cell regulates the ligand binding affinity of human neuroglobin and cytoglobin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (51): 51713–21. Dec 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309396200. PMID 14530264. 
• "Cytoglobin is a respiratory protein in connective tissue and neurons, which is up-regulated by hypoxia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (9): 8063–9. Feb 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310540200. PMID 14660570. 
• "Genomic organization and mutation analysis of three candidate genes for hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy". Muscle & Nerve 29 (4): 601–4. Apr 2004. doi:10.1002/mus.20009. PMID 15052627. 
• "Crystal structure of cytoglobin: the fourth globin type discovered in man displays heme hexa-coordination". Journal of Molecular Biology 336 (4): 917–27. Feb 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.12.063. PMID 15095869. 
• "Structural basis of human cytoglobin for ligand binding". Journal of Molecular Biology 339 (4): 873–85. Jun 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.024. PMID 15165856. 
• "Allosteric regulation and temperature dependence of oxygen binding in human neuroglobin and cytoglobin. Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (43): 44417–26. Oct 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407126200. PMID 15299006. 
• "Hyperthermal stability of neuroglobin and cytoglobin". The FEBS Journal 272 (8): 2076–84. Apr 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04635.x. PMID 15819897. 
• "Structural characterization of the proximal and distal histidine environment of cytoglobin and neuroglobin". Biochemistry 44 (40): 13257–65. Oct 2005. doi:10.1021/bi050997o. PMID 16201751. 
• "Promoter methylation of P16, RARbeta, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing". British Journal of Cancer 94 (4): 561–8. Feb 2006. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602972. PMID 16449996. 
• "Down-regulation of the cytoglobin gene, located on 17q25, in tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC): evidence for trans-allele repression". Human Molecular Genetics 15 (8): 1271–7. Apr 2006. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl042. PMID 16510494. 
• "Frequent genetic and epigenetic abnormalities contribute to the deregulation of cytoglobin in non-small cell lung cancer". Human Molecular Genetics 15 (13): 2038–44. Jul 2006. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl128. PMID 16698880. 

External links

• cytoglobin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)