Social:Women Under Siege Project

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Background

Main page: Wartime sexual violenceWomen, and sometimes men, who are in areas of combat are at risk of being used as a tool of warfare. Rape and sexual violence are used in order to humiliate and intimidate individuals, families and groups of people.[1] Sometimes commanders and leaders of troops consider women to be "a spoil of war."[2]

The issue of stopping rape and sexual violence during wartime is problematic because it has remained "profoundly invisible."[3] Even in countries which have support systems to help victims, rape and sexual violence are under-reported.[4] Additionally, many women decide against accusing their attackers because of the legal process, feel shame, fear stigma or are worried they will be disbelieved.[5][6] It is even worse for women in war zones and refugee camps.[4] Many women in areas of conflict are terrified of talking about being sexually assaulted.[5] Because these crimes are unreported or are effectively invisible, they are not addressed.[7]

History

The Women Under Siege Project was begun by Gloria Steinem in 2012 in order to document violence against women taking place during violent conflicts.[8] The idea was inspired by two books: Sexual Violence Against Jewish Women During the Holocaust by Sonja M. Hedgepeth and Rochelle Saidel[9] and At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape and Resistance - a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to Black Power by Danielle McGuire.[8] After reading these two books which addressed sexual violence, Steinem wondered if there were lessons to be learned from both history and current affairs; and also, if information were more widely available and people were aware of the issues, if rape and gender-based violence could be prevented in the future.[8] She has said that "suffering has to be visible and not called inevitable or blamed on the victim before we can stop it."[10]

Steinem decided to start a website to increase awareness about the issue. In creating the website, Steinem hopes to create connections between outbreaks of violence against women and that hopefully society will stand against rape and sexual violence and not see it as "inevitably part of war."[3] She says that "by making clear that gender-based violence is political and public, it admits that sexualized violence can be changed."[11] Rape and gender-based violence being used as tools of conflict and war can't be addressed if the issues are not documented or discussed.[12]

Website

Women Under Siege's website includes blogs about current violent activity and also first-person accounts from those who have experienced violence.[3] Wolfe has interviewed women from around the world about their experiences.[5] Entries are not always about current events; Jamia Wilson wrote an article for the website about women and sexual violence during civil rights protests.[13] Steinem emphasized that the website can also help women realize that they are not alone and give them a voice.[10]

The original content created for the site was praised for its blunt and honest reporting on the issues by The New York Times.[14]

In 2014, Wolfe reported that many people found her website while conducting "troubling" web searches.[15] Some of the searches included phrases like "how to rape a woman" and "are women to blame for rape?"[15] Wolfe said that these types of searches show how important education is to combating sexual violence.[15]

Research

Women Under Siege conducts detailed research and presents case studies on their website.[16] They are currently attempting to quantify the number of sexual assaults that occurred during the Ukrainian conflict, but numbers are difficult to record because the police in the region "strongly discourage women reporting rapes".[4] Other projects include using data from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) to address the issue of rape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).[17]

Crowd-sourcing and social media

The project has used crowd-sourcing to create maps which show where sexual assault has taken place. In 2012, Women Under Siege put out a call to people from Syria and those working with Syrian refugees to provide information about rape and sexual assault.[18] The entries were created by collecting information from journalists, human rights activists and individual citizens.[19] Some the reports came via email or by Twitter with the hashtag #RapeinSyria.[20] Women Under Siege mapped these incidents,[21] providing over 117 pieces of data for each entry.[19] The data was documented in real time, using a software developed by Ushahidi.[22] The data was analyzed and put together in a comprehensive report that details a huge amount of human suffering.[23] Not only did the information shine a light on the problem, it also uncovered unexpected findings. For example, the data revealed that Syrian government forces were also largely responsible for much of the sexual violence.[24]

Selected works

  • WMC Women Under Siege Project: Syria Crowdmap (2012)
  • WMC Women Under Siege Project Reports: Sexualized Violence in Conflict Zones


References

  1. ↑ Eriksson Baaz, Maria (2010). The Complexity of Violence: A Critical Analysis of Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. pp. 16, 41–43. ISBN 9789158641358. http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:319527/FULLTEXT02.pdf. Retrieved 20 August 2015. 
  2. ↑ Kelly, Jocelyn (June 2010). "Rape in War: Motives of Militia in DRC". http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR243Kelly.pdf. Retrieved 20 August 2015. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Black, Debra (11 February 2012). "Steinem Website Fights Rape in War Zones". Toronto Star. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=6FP0688003991&site=ehost-live. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Renzetti, Elizabeth (16 February 2015). "Rape: A Shameful Weapon of War". The Globe and Mail. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Renzetti, Elizabeth (1 November 2014). "Why Don't You Speak Up?". The Globe and Mail. 
  6. ↑ Ward, Olivia (7 March 2015). "Seizing Women as the Spoils of War: In Conflict Zones Throughout the World, Women are Abducted, Tortured, Raped and Murdered as Part of a Reign of Terror". The Toronto Star. 
  7. ↑ "Women Under Siege Tracks Sexual Violations in Syria". 30 April 2012. http://www.worldpulse.com/fr/node/20364. Retrieved 20 August 2015. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Black, Debra (10 February 2012). "Fighting Rape with Words: Gloria Steinem Launches Website to Combat Sexual Violence in War". https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2012/02/10/fighting_rape_with_words_gloria_steinem_launches_website_to_combat_sexual_violence_in_war.html. Retrieved 19 August 2015. 
  9. ↑ Fox-Bevilacqua, Marisa (16 June 2014). "Silence Surrounding Sexual Violence During Holocaust". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-features/.premium-1.599099. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Martinson, Jane (9 February 2012). "Why Has It Taken 65 Years To Recognise That Rape Is a Weapon of War?". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-womens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2012/feb/09/rape-conflict-weapon-war. 
  11. ↑ Mack, Jessica (8 February 2012). "The Launch of 'Women Under Siege:' A Journalistic Megaphone for Victims of Sexual Violence". RH Reality Check. http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2012/02/08/megaphone-survivor-hopeful-lever-change-women-under-siege-launches-today-0/. 
  12. ↑ Barmania, Sima (19 June 2012). "Women Under Siege: The Use of Rape as a Weapon of War in Syria". The Independent. http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/06/19/women-under-siege-the-use-of-rape-as-a-weapon-of-war-in-syria/. 
  13. ↑ Watson, Bernadine (27 August 2013). "Honor the Dream by Honoring the Women of the Movement". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/wp/2013/08/27/honor-the-dream-by-honoring-the-women-of-the-movement/. 
  14. ↑ Chivers, C.J. (9 February 2012). "What We Are Reading: Women Under Siege". The New York Times. http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/09/what-we-are-reading-women-under-siege/?_r=0. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Schroeder, Audra (8 January 2014). "The Terms That Lead People to This Anti-Sexual Violence Site Are Horrifying". http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/lauren-wolfe-women-under-siege-google-analytics/. Retrieved 24 August 2015. 
  16. ↑ Amos, Deborah (5 February 2013). "Tracking Rape in Syria Through Social Media". NPR (National Public Radio). https://www.npr.org/2013/02/05/171158882/through-social-media-tracking-rape-in-syria. 
  17. ↑ "'Women Under Siege' Features IMAGES in the DRC". 10 February 2014. http://promundoglobal.org/2014/02/10/women-under-siege-features-images-in-the-drc/. Retrieved 20 August 2015. 
  18. ↑ Whitaker, Brian (30 March 2012). "Syria and Middle East Live". The Guardian. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Eglash, Ruth (15 July 2012). "Crowd-sourced Map Highlights Rape as Gov't Weapon in Syrian Conflict. Nearly Half of the Over 80 Reported Cases Involved More Than One Rapist". Jerusalem Post. 
  20. ↑ Flock, Elizabeth (28 March 2012). "Syrian Uprising: Imam Tells Rape Victims They Deserve to Be Honored". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/syrian-uprising-imam-tells-rape-victims-they-deserve-to-be-honored/2012/03/28/gIQAewdEhS_blog.html. 
  21. ↑ "Documenting Sexualized Violence in Syria". Women's Media Center. https://womenundersiegesyria.crowdmap.com/. Retrieved 19 August 2015. 
  22. ↑ Paul, Sonia (30 March 2012). "Crowd-Mapping Sexual Violence in Syria in Real Time". http://mashable.com/2012/03/30/sexual-violence-syria/. Retrieved 19 August 2015. 
  23. ↑ Wolfe, Lauren (3 April 2013). "Syria Has a Massive Rape Crisis". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/04/syria-has-a-massive-rape-crisis/274583/. 
  24. ↑ Hannun, Marya (3 April 2013). "Study: Government Forces Responsible for Majority of Rapes in Syria". Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/03/study-government-forces-responsible-for-majority-of-rapes-in-syria/. 

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