View source for Medicine:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

==DSM-5 (2013)==

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the DSM-5, was approved by the Board of Trustees of the APA on December 1, 2012.<ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Cassels C |date=2 December 2012 |url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/775496 |title=DSM-5 Gets APA's Official Stamp of Approval |publisher=WebMD, LLC |website=Medscape |access-date=2012-12-05}}</ref> Published on May 18, 2013,<ref>{{cite web|title=Explainer: what is the DSM?|url=http://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-the-dsm-14127|work=The Conversation Australia|publisher=The Conversation Media Group|access-date=2013-05-21| vauthors = Kinderman P |date=20 May 2013}}</ref> the DSM-5 contains extensively revised diagnoses and, in some cases, broadens diagnostic definitions while narrowing definitions in other cases.<ref>{{cite news|title=Books blast new version of psychiatry's bible, the DSM|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/05/12/dsm-psychiatry-mental-disorders/2150819/|access-date=2013-05-21|newspaper=USA Today|date=12 May 2013| vauthors = Jayson S }}</ref> The DSM-5 is the first major edition of the manual in 20 years.<ref>{{cite news|title=DSM-5 Changes: What Parents Need To Know About The First Major Revision In Nearly 20 Years|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/20/dsm5-changes-what-parents-need-to-know_n_3294413.html|access-date=2013-05-21|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=20 May 2013| vauthors = Pearson C }}</ref> DSM-5, and the abbreviations for all previous editions, are [[Social:Trademark#Registration|registered trademarks]] owned by the American Psychiatric Association.<ref name="concept&evolution" /><ref name="titleTrademark''' Electronic Search System (TESS)">{{cite web |title=Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) |url=http://tess2.uspto.gov/ |access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref>

A significant change in the fifth edition is the deletion of the subtypes of [[Medicine:Schizophrenia|schizophrenia]]: paranoid, [[Medicine:Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]], catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual.<ref>{{cite web|title=Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 |website=American Psychiatric Association |date=17 May 2013 |url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Practice/DSM/DSM-5/Changes-from-DSM-IV-TR--to-DSM-5.pdf |access-date=2015-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226050453/http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Practice/DSM/DSM-5/Changes-from-DSM-IV-TR--to-DSM-5.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-26 }}</ref> The deletion of the subsets of [[Medicine:Autism spectrum|autistic spectrum disorder]]{{snd}}namely, Asperger's syndrome, [[Medicine:Classic autism|classic autism]], [[Medicine:Rett syndrome|Rett syndrome]], [[Medicine:Childhood disintegrative disorder|childhood disintegrative disorder]] and [[Medicine:Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified|pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified]]{{snd}}was also implemented, with specifiers regarding intensity: mild, moderate, and severe.

Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, with three levels:

# requiring support
# requiring substantial support
# requiring very substantial support

During the revision process, the APA website periodically listed several sections of the DSM-5 for review and discussion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm|title=DSM-5|website=psychiatry.org|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>

===Future revisions and updates===
Beginning with the fifth edition, the APA communicated that they intend to add subsequent revisions more often, to keep up with research in the field.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/feedback-and-questions/frequently-asked-questions|title=DSM-5 FAQ|website=psychiatry.org|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref> It is notable that DSM-5 uses [[Arabic numerals|Arabic]] rather than [[Roman numerals]]. Beginning with DSM-5, the APA will use decimals to identify incremental updates (e.g., DSM-5.1, DSM-5.2){{efn|However, this planned change was not adopted for the initial revision of the DSM-5, which is named DSM-5-TR, in accordance with past convention.}} and whole numbers for new editions (e.g., DSM-5, DSM-6),<ref>{{cite press release | vauthors = Harold E, Valora J |title=APA Modifies ''DSM'' Naming Convention to Reflect Publication Changes |location=Arlington, VA |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |date=9 March 2010 |url=http://psych.org/MainMenu/Newsroom/NewsReleases/2010-News-Releases/DSM-Name-Change.aspx |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613144808/http://psych.org/MainMenu/Newsroom/NewsReleases/2010-News-Releases/DSM-Name-Change.aspx |archive-date=13 June 2010 |quote=Beginning with the upcoming fifth edition, new versions of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)'' will be identified with Arabic rather than Roman numerals, marking a change in how future updates will be created, ... Incremental updates will be identified with decimals, i.e. ''DSM-5.1'', ''DSM-5.2'', etc., until a new edition is required.}}</ref> similar to the scheme used for [[Software versioning|software versioning]].

The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), which is responsible for creating and publishing board exams for medical students around the United States, conforms to the use of DSM-5 criteria.<ref>{{Citation | title=Update: Exams to Transition to DSM-5 | journal=Psychiatric News| year=2014| volume=49| issue=22| page=1| doi=10.1176/appi.pn.2014.10a19| url=https://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.pn.2014.10a19}}</ref>

=== DSM-5-TR (2022) ===
A revision of DSM-5, titled DSM-5-TR, was published in March 2022, updating diagnostic criteria and [[Medicine:ICD-10-CM|ICD-10-CM]] codes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR™) |url=https://www.appi.org/products/dsm |website=American Psychiatric Association |access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref> The diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder was changed,<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Appelbaum |first1=Paul S. |last2=Leibenluft |first2=Ellen |last3=Kendler |first3=Kenneth S. |date=2021-11-01 |title=Iterative Revision of the ''DSM'': An Interim Report From the ''DSM-5'' Steering Committee |journal=Psychiatric Services |volume=72 |issue=11 |pages=1348–1349 |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.202100013 |issn=1075-2730 |pmid=33882702 |s2cid=233349377}}</ref> along with adding entries for prolonged grief disorder, unspecified mood disorder and stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=First |first1=Michael B. |last2=Yousif |first2=Lamyaa H. |last3=Clarke |first3=Diana E. |last4=Wang |first4=Philip S. |last5=Gogtay |first5=Nitin |last6=Appelbaum |first6=Paul S. |date=2022-05-07 |title=DSM-5-TR: overview of what's new and what's changed |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=218–219 |doi=10.1002/wps.20989 |pmid=35524596 |pmc=9077590 |issn=1723-8617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-08 |title=Prolonged grief disorder recognized as official diagnosis. Here's what to know about chronic mourning. |language=en-US |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2021/10/21/prolonged-grief-disorder-diagnosis-dsm-5/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Prolonged grief disorder, which had been present in the ICD-11, had criteria agreed upon by consensus in a one day in-person workshop sponsored by the APA.<ref name=":5" /> A 2022 study found that higher rates of diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder in the ICD-11 could be explained by the DSM-5-TR criteria requiring symptoms persist for 12 months, and the ICD-11 requiring only 6 months.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022 |title=Supplemental Material for Same Name, Same Content? Evaluation of DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Criteria |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |doi=10.1037/ccp0000720.supp |s2cid=248338204 |issn=0022-006X}}</ref>

Three review groups for sex and gender, culture and suicide, along with an "ethnoracial equity and inclusion work group" were involved in the creation of the DSM-5-TR which led to additional sections for each mental disorder discussing sex and gender, racial and cultural variations, and adding diagnostic codes for specifying levels of suicidality and nonsuicidal self-injury for mental disorders.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" />

Other changed mental disorders included:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Updates to DSM-5 Criteria & Text |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/updates-to-dsm/updates-to-dsm-5-criteria-text |access-date=April 18, 2022 |website=American Psychiatric Association}}</ref>
* Autism spectrum disorder
* [[Medicine:Bipolar I disorder|Bipolar I disorder]], [[Medicine:Bipolar II disorder|Bipolar II disorder]], and related [[Medicine:Bipolar disorder|bipolar disorder]]s
* [[Medicine:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder|Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]] in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders
* Depressive episodes with short-duration [[Medicine:Hypomania|hypomania]]
* [[Medicine:Intellectual disability|Intellectual developmental disorder]]
* [[Medicine:Delusional disorder|Delusional disorder]]
* [[Medicine:Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder|Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder]]
* [[Medicine:Brief psychotic disorder|Brief psychotic disorder]]