Physics:Room temperature
Colloquially, room temperature is the range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings, which feel comfortable when wearing typical indoor clothing. Human comfort can extend beyond this range depending on humidity, air circulation and other factors. In certain fields, like science and engineering, and within a particular context, room temperature can mean different agreed-on ranges. In contrast, ambient temperature is the actual temperature of the air (or other medium and surroundings) in any particular place, as measured by a thermometer. It may be very different from usual room temperature, for example an unheated room in winter.
Comfort temperatures
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language identifies room temperature as around 20–22 °C (68–72 °F),[1] while the Oxford English Dictionary states that it is "conventionally taken as about 20 °C (68 °F)".[2]
Owing to variations in humidity and likely clothing, recommendations for summer and winter may vary; a suggested typical range for summer is 23–25.5 °C (73–78 °F), with that for winter being 20–23.5 °C (68–74 °F),[3]. Studies from Nigeria show a comfortable temperature range of 26–28 °C (79–82 °F), comfortably cool 24–26 °C (75–79 °F) and comfortably warm 28–30 °C (82–86 °F), [4].
Some studies have suggested that thermal comfort preferences of men and women may differ significantly, with women on average preferring higher ambient temperatures.[5][6][7]
Health effects
The World Health Organization in 1987 found that comfortable indoor temperatures between 18–24 °C (64–75 °F) were not associated with health risks for healthy adults with appropriate clothing, humidity, and other factors. For infants, the very elderly, and those with significant health problems, a minimum 20 °C (68 °F) was recommended. Temperatures lower than 16 °C (61 °F) with humidity above 65% were associated with respiratory hazards including allergies.[8][9]
The WHO's 2018 guidelines give a strong recommendation that a minimum of 18 °C (64 °F) is a "safe and well-balanced indoor temperature to protect the health of general populations during cold seasons", while a higher minimum may be necessary for vulnerable groups including children, the elderly, and people with cardiorespiratory disease and other chronic illnesses. The recommendation regarding risk of exposure to high indoor temperatures is only "conditional". Minimal-risk high temperatures range from about 21–30 °C (70–86 °F) depending on the region, with maximum acceptable temperatures between 25–32 °C (77–90 °F).[10]
Definitions in science and industry
Temperature ranges are defined as room temperature for certain products and processes in industry, science, and consumer goods. For instance, for the shipping and storage of pharmaceuticals, the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) defines controlled room temperature as between 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F), with excursions between 15 to 30 °C (59 to 86 °F) allowed, provided the mean kinetic temperature does not exceed 25 °C (77 °F).[11] The European Pharmacopoeia defines it as being simply 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F), and the Japanese Pharmacopeia defines "ordinary temperature" as 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F), with room temperature being 1 to 30 °C (34 to 86 °F).[12][13] Merriam-Webster gives as a medical definition a range of 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F) as being suitable for human occupancy, and at which laboratory experiments are usually performed.[14]
Serving temperature of red wine
Red wine is traditionally served at room temperature. This practice dates from before central heating, when room temperature in wine-drinking countries was considerably lower than it is today, usually in the range between 15 °C (59 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F). It is therefore advised to serve red wine at a temperature of at most 18 °C (64 °F).[15]
See also
References
- ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). 2014. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=room+temperature.
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, November 2010), sub-entry at room.
- ↑ Burroughs, H. E.; Hansen, Shirley (2011). Managing Indoor Air Quality. Fairmont Press. pp. 149–151. ISBN 9780881736618. https://books.google.com/books?id=KBbHmp2yisEC&q=+ASHRAE++%22recommended+temperatures%22&pg=PA149. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Komolafe, L. Kayode; Akingbade, Folorunso O. A. (2003). Analysis of thermal comfort in Lagos, Nigeria. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences. pp. 59-65. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gjes/article/view/2407#:~:text=Frequency%20distribution%20of%20air%20temperatures,warm%20between%20280C%20and%20300C.. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ↑ Beshir, MY; Ramsey, JD (March 1981). "Comparison between male and female subjective estimates of thermal effects and sensations". Applied Ergonomics 12 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1016/0003-6870(81)90091-0. PMID 15676395.
- ↑ Karjalainen, Sami (April 2007). "Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments". Building and Environment 42 (4): 1594–1603. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.009.
- ↑ Kingma, Boris; van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter (August 2015). "Energy consumption in buildings and female thermal demand". Nature Climate Change 5 (12): 1054–1056. doi:10.1038/nclimate2741. Bibcode: 2015NatCC...5.1054K.
- ↑ World Health Organization. Environmental Health in Rural and Urban Development and Housing Unit. (1990). Indoor environment : health aspects of air quality, thermal environment, light and noise.. p. 17. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/62723/WHO_EHE_RUD_90.2.pdf#page=17.
- ↑ Lane, Megan (2011-03-03). "BBC News Magazine: How warm is your home". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12606943.
- ↑ WHO Housing and health guidelines. World Health Organization. 2018. pp. 34, 47–48. ISBN 978-92-4-155037-6. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1161792/retrieve#page=54.
- ↑ "General Chapter < 659> Packaging and Storage Requirements". 1 May 2017. http://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/revisions/659_rb_notice.pdf.
- ↑ "What are the regulatory Definitions for "Ambient", "Room Temperature" and "Cold Chain"?". 2 March 2017. https://www.gmp-compliance.org/gmp-news/what-are-the-regulatory-definitions-for-ambient-room-temperature-and-cold-chain.
- ↑ Shein-Chung Chow (2007). Statistical Design and Analysis of Stability Studies. Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781584889069. https://books.google.com/books?id=x9XccGzr4wIC&q=%22room+temperature%22+definition&pg=PA7. Retrieved 4 April 2018. "1.2.3.3 Definition of Room Temperature: According to the United States Pharmacopeia National Forumlary [sic] (USP-NF), the definition of room temperature is between 15 and 30 °C in the United States. However, in the EU, the room temperature is defined as being 15 to 25 °C, while in Japan, it is defined being 1 to 30 °C."
- ↑ Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary. 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/room%20temperature.
- ↑ Karen MacNeil (2015). The Wine Bible (revised second ed.). Workman Publishing. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-7611-8715-8.
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