Astronomy:Fast blue optical transient

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Short description: Astronomical observation
Illustration of a FBOT

In astronomy, a fast blue optical transient (FBOT), or more specifically, luminous fast blue optical transient (LFBOT), is an explosive transient event similar to supernovae and gamma-ray bursts with high optical luminosity, rapid evolution, and predominantly blue emission.[1] The origins of such explosions are currently unclear, with events occurring at not more than 0.1% of the typical core-collapse supernova rate.[2] This class of transients initially emerged from large sky surveys at cosmological distances,[3][4] yet in recent years a small number have been discovered in the local Universe, most notably AT 2018cow.

The precise definition of what constitutes a 'fast blue optical transient' is currently contentious in the literature, largely defined by the observational properties rather than the underlying mechanisms/objects. Even within the class, growing samples of candidates[5] are beginning to reveal significant variation in properties when the objects are studied in greater detail, potentially indicative of different progenitor channels or explosion mechanisms.

List

Transient Reported Date Observatory Notes
AT 2018cow[6][7][8] 2018 16 June 2018 ATLAS-HKO "The Cow", the most local FBOT known, and the event with the richest dataset, making It a prototype of the class.

Peak luminosity [math]\displaystyle{ L_{pk}\sim 10^{44} erg\ s^{-1} }[/math], exceeding that of superluminous supernovae

ZTF18abvkwla

(AT 2018lug)[2][9]

2020 12 September 2018 Zwicky Transient Facility "The Koala"

Blackbody temperature of over 40,000 Kelvin at peak

CSS161010[10][11] 2020 10 October 2016 CRTS Shows mildly relativistic (55% the speed of light) mass outflows
AT 2020xnd (ZTF20acigmel)[12][13] 2021 12 October 2020 Zwicky Transient Facility "The Camel"
AT 2020mrf[14][15] 2022 12 June 2020 Spektr-RG, Zwicky Transient Facility 200 times more luminous on the X-ray spectrum at its peak than AT 2018cow and CSS161010
AT 2022tsd[16][17] 2023 7 September 2022 Zwicky Transient Facility "The Tasmanian Devil", minutes-duration optical flares suggestive of a NS/BH from a failed supernova event.[18][19]
AT 2023fhn[20][17][21][22] 2023 10 April 2023 Zwicky Transient Facility "The Finch" or "The Fawn"
AT 2023vth (ZTF23ableqsp)[23] 2023 18 October 2023 Zwicky Transient Facility First FBOT to be labelled as such on the Transient Name Server.

  • Comparison of explosion scenarios of supernovae (SN), gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and fast blue optical transients (FBOT)

  • Bolometric luminosity of AT2018cow, compared against other fast transients, showing a very rapid evolution and high peak luminosity[7]

  • Optical spectra of AT2018cow, revealing a hot blackbody emission, with significant flux bluewards of (4000 Å)[7]

  • X-ray luminosity of FBOTs compared with other astronomical transients[10]

  • Star formation rate diagram for FBOTs.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ O"Callaghan, Jonathan (19 July 2023). "A Cow, a Camel and a Finch Exploded in Space. What Is Going On? - Astronomers have yet to determine the cause of luminous fast blue optical transients, and the latest they have detected is raising even more questions.". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230720000625/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/science/explosions-black-holes-lfbots.html. Retrieved 19 July 2023. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Perley, Daniel A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Dong, Dillon Z. J.; De, Kishalay; Chandra, Poonam; Andreoni, Igor; Bellm, Eric C. et al. (2020-05-26). "The Koala: A Fast Blue Optical Transient with Luminous Radio Emission from a Starburst Dwarf Galaxy atz= 0.27" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 895 (1): 49. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bcf. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...895...49H. 
  3. ↑ Drout, M. R.; Chornock, R.; Soderberg, A. M.; Sanders, N. E.; McKinnon, R.; Rest, A.; Foley, R. J.; Milisavljevic, D. et al. (2014-09-19). "Rapidly-Evolving and Luminous Transients from Pan-STARRS1". The Astrophysical Journal 794 (1): 23. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/23. ISSN 1538-4357. 
  4. ↑ Pursiainen, M.; Childress, M.; Smith, M.; Prajs, S.; Sullivan, M.; Davis, T. M.; Foley, R. J.; Asorey, J. et al. (2018-11-21). "Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 481 (1): 894–917. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2309. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  5. ↑ Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Perley, Daniel A.; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Lunnan, Ragnhild; Sollerman, Jesper; Schulze, Steve; Das, Kaustav K.; Dobie, Dougal et al. (2023-06-01). "A Search for Extragalactic Fast Blue Optical Transients in ZTF and the Rate of AT2018cow-like Transients". The Astrophysical Journal 949 (2): 120. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc533. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  6. ↑ Smartt, S. J. et al. (17 June 2018). "ATLAS18qqn (AT2018cow) - a bright transient spatially coincident with CGCG 137-068 (60 Mpc)". The Astronomer's Telegram 11727 (11727): 1. Bibcode: 2018ATel11727....1S. http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11727. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Prentice, S. J.; Maguire, K.; Smartt, S. J.; Magee, M. R.; Schady, P.; Sim, S.; Chen, T.-W.; Clark, P. et al. (2018-09-17). "The Cow: Discovery of a Luminous, Hot, and Rapidly Evolving Transient". The Astrophysical Journal 865 (1): L3. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aadd90. ISSN 2041-8213. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...865L...3P. 
  8. ↑ Castelvecchi, Davide (2018-11-02). "Holy Cow! Astronomers agog at mysterious new supernova" (in en). Nature 563 (7730): 168–169. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07260-w. PMID 30401847. Bibcode: 2018Natur.563..168C. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07260-w. 
  9. ↑ "A Fast, Blue "Koala" Shines Bright in a Distant Galaxy" (in en-US). 15 May 2020. https://aasnova.org/2020/05/15/a-fast-blue-koala-shines-bright-in-a-distant-galaxy/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Coppejans, D. L.; Margutti, R.; Terreran, G.; Nayana, A. J.; Coughlin, E. R.; Laskar, T.; Alexander, K. D.; Bietenholz, M. et al. (2020-05-26). "A Mildly Relativistic Outflow from the Energetic, Fast-rising Blue Optical Transient CSS161010 in a Dwarf Galaxy" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 895 (1): L23. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab8cc7. ISSN 2041-8213. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...895L..23C. 
  11. ↑ "Astrophysicists capture new class of transient objects" (in en-US). https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/05/astrophysicists-capture-new-class-of-transient-objects/. 
  12. ↑ Perley, Daniel A; Ho, Anna Y Q; Yao, Yuhan; Fremling, Christoffer; Anderson, Joseph P; Schulze, Steve; Kumar, Harsh; Anupama, G C et al. (2021-10-27). "Real-time discovery of AT2020xnd: a fast, luminous ultraviolet transient with minimal radioactive ejecta" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508 (4): 5138–5147. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2785. ISSN 0035-8711. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/508/4/5138/6385772. 
  13. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (2021-03-10). "New Kind of Space Explosion Reveals the Birth of a Black Hole" (in en). https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-kind-of-space-explosion-reveals-the-birth-of-a-black-hole-20210310/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Yao, Yuhan; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Medvedev, Pavel; A. J., Nayana; Perley, Daniel A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Chandra, Poonam; Sazonov, Sergey et al. (2022-08-01). "The X-Ray and Radio Loud Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2020mrf: Implications for an Emerging Class of Engine-driven Massive Star Explosions". The Astrophysical Journal 934 (2): 104. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7a41. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...934..104Y. 
  15. ↑ "Astronomers Find Most Luminous "Cow" to Shine in X-Rays" (in en). 2022-01-10. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/astronomers-find-most-luminous-cow-to-shine-in-x-rays. 
  16. ↑ Matthews, D.; Margutti, R.; Metzger, B. D.; Milisavljevic, D.; Migliori, G.; Laskar, T.; Brethauer, D.; Berger, E. et al. (2023-06-19). "Unprecedented X-Ray Emission from the Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2022tsd". Research Notes of the AAS 7 (6): 126. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acdde1. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2023RNAAS...7..126M. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 O’Callaghan, Jonathan (2023-07-19). "A Cow, a Camel and a Finch Exploded in Space. What Is Going On?" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/science/explosions-black-holes-lfbots.html. 
  18. ↑ Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Perley, Daniel A.; Chen, Ping; Schulze, Steve; Dhillon, Vik; Kumar, Harsh; Suresh, Aswin; Swain, Vishwajeet et al. (2023-11-15). "Minutes-duration optical flares with supernova luminosities" (in en). Nature 623 (7989): 927–931. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06673-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 37968403. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06673-6. 
  19. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (2023-11-15). "Mysterious 'Tasmanian devil' space explosion baffles astronomers" (in en). Nature 623 (7989): 900. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03569-3. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 37968468. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03569-3. 
  20. ↑ Chrimes, A. A.; Jonker, P. G.; Levan, A. J.; Coppejans, D. L.; Gaspari, N.; Gompertz, B. P.; Groot, P. J.; Malesani, D. B. et al. (2024). "AT 2023fhn (the Finch): a Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient at a large offset from its host galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (1): L47–L53. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad145. Bibcode: 2024MNRAS.527L..47C. 
  21. ↑ Panjkov, Sonja (21 Jul 2023). "Luminous, Fast and Blue: Do the Finch and the Cow Share a Common Ancestor?". https://astrobites.org/2023/07/21/finch_and_cow_lfbots/. 
  22. ↑ Cooper, Keith (6 October 2023). "Hubble Telescope just witnessed a massive intergalactic explosion and astronomers can't explain it - The leading theories involve stars being ripped apart by black holes or the merger of neutron stars.". Space.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. https://archive.today/20231006225840/https://www.space.com/intergalactic-space-explosion-lfbot. Retrieved 7 October 2023. 
  23. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for AT 2023vth. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

External links



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