Astronomy:List of hottest exoplanets

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This is a list of the hottest exoplanets so far discovered, specifically those with temperatures greater than 2,500 K (2,230 °C; 4,040 °F). For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F).

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Methods for finding temperature:

  • Teff: Measured effective temperature.
  • Teq: The temperature of the planet has not been measured, so it is listed with the calculated equilibrium temperature.
Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature (K) Mass Method Notes References
KELT-9b 4,643±26 2.88 MJ Teff Hottest known exoplanet, with a temperature comparable to K-type stars. [1]
AB Aurigae b 3,800 9-12 MJ [2][3]
55 Cancri e (Janssen) 3,771+669
−520 		7.99 M🜨 [4]
TOI-2109b 3,631±69 5.02 MJ [5]
WASP-189b 3,435±27 1.99 MJ [6]
TOI-1518b 3,237±59 <2.3 MJ [7]
WASP-103b 3,205±136 1.455 MJ [8]
KELT-16b 3,190±61 2.75 MJ [9]
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 WASP-12b 3,128±66 1.465 MJ This planet is so close to its parent star that its tidal forces are distorting it into an egg shape. [10]
WASP-33b 3,108±113 2.093 MJ [8]
WASP-18b 3,067±104 10.20 MJ [8]
MASCARA-1b 3,062±67 3.7 MJ [11]
HATS-70b 2,730+140
−160 		12.9 MJ Teq [12]
WASP-100b 2,710 2.03 MJ Teff [13]
HIP 78530 b 2,700±100 23 MJ Likely a brown dwarf. [14]
MASCARA-5b 2,700 3.12 MJ [15]
WASP-76b 2,670 (dayside) 0.92 MJ In this tidally locked planet where winds move 18,000 km/h, molten iron rains from the sky due to daytime temperatures exceeding 2,400 °C (2,670 K).[16][17] [18]
HAT-P-7b 2,667±57 1.682 MJ [19]
GQ Lupi b 2,650±100 20 MJ Likely a brown dwarf. [20]
TOI-2260 b 2,609±86 Teq [12]
CT Chamaelontis b 2,600±250 17 MJ Teff Likely a brown dwarf. [21]
HAT-P-70b 2,562+43
−52 		6.78 MJ Teq [12]
Kepler-13b 2,550±80 (2277 °C) 9.78 MJ [12]
The following well-known planets are listed for the purpose of comparison.
Kepler-10b 2,130+60
−120 (1,857 °C) 		4.6 M🜨 Teq [22]
TrES-4b 1,782±29 (1,509 °C) 0.919 MJ One of the largest known exoplanets. [23]
CoRoT-7b 1,756±27 (1,483 °C) 5.74 M🜨 [24]
Upsilon Andromedae b (Saffar) 1,673 (1,400 °C) 1.7 MJ Teff [25][26]
WASP-17b (Ditsö̀) 1,550+170
−200 (1,277 °C) 		0.512 MJ With a density of about 0.08 g/cm³,[27] it is one of the puffiest exoplanets known. [28]
HD 209458 b (Osiris) 1,499±15 (1,226 °C) 0.682 MJ [29][28]
TrES-2b 1,466±9 (1,193 °C) 1.253 MJ Teq The darkest exoplanet known, reflecting less than 1% its star's light. [30]
Beta Pictoris b 1,451±15 (1,178 °C) 11.729 MJ [31][32]
51 Pegasi b (Dimidium) 1,265 (992 °C) 0.46 MJ The first exoplanet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star.
Kepler-20e 1,004±14 (735 °C) <0.76 M🜨 The first planet smaller than Earth discovered after PSR B1257+12 b. [33]
Venus (for reference) 735 (462 °C) 0.815 M🜨 Hottest planet in the Solar System. [34]

Unconfirmed candidates

These planet candidates have not been confirmed.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature (K) Mass Method Notes and references
Kepler-70b 7,662 0.44 M🜨 Teq [lower-alpha 1]
Kepler-70c 6,807 0.655 M🜨 [lower-alpha 2]
Vega b 3,250 21.9 M🜨 [35][lower-alpha 3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
  2. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
  3. ↑ Assuming bond albedo of 0.25

References

  1. ↑ Jones, K. et al. (October 2022). "The stable climate of KELT-9b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A118. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243823. Bibcode: 2022A&A...666A.118J. 
  2. ↑ Zhou, Yifan; Sanghi, Aniket; Bowler, Brendan P.; Wu, Ya-Lin; Close, Laird M.; Long, Feng; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Zhu, Zhaohuan et al. (2022-07-01). "HST/WFC3 Hα Direct-imaging Detection of a Pointlike Source in the Disk Cavity of AB Aur". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 934 (1): L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7fef. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...934L..13Z. 
  3. ↑ Currie, Thayne; Lawson, Kellen; Schneider, Glenn; Lyra, Wladimir; Wisniewski, John; Grady, Carol; Guyon, Olivier; Tamura, Motohide et al. (June 2022). "Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae" (in en). Nature Astronomy 6 (6): 751–759. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01634-x. ISSN 2397-3366. Bibcode: 2022NatAs...6..751C. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01634-x. 
  4. ↑ Mercier, Samson J. et al. (November 2022). "Revisiting the Iconic Spitzer Phase Curve of 55 Cancri e: Hotter Dayside, Cooler Nightside, and Smaller Phase Offset". The Astronomical Journal 164 (5): 204. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac8f22. Bibcode: 2022AJ....164..204M. 
  5. ↑ Wong, Ian et al. (December 2021). "TOI-2109: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit". The Astronomical Journal 162 (6): 256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac26bd. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..256W. 
  6. ↑ Lendl, M. et al. (November 2020). "The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189 b seen by CHEOPS". Astronomy & Astrophysics 643: A94. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038677. Bibcode: 2020A&A...643A..94L. 
  7. ↑ Cabot, Samuel H. C. et al. (November 2021). "TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in Its Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal 162 (5): 218. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1ba3. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..218C. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Pass, Emily K. et al. (October 2019). "Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489 (1): 941–950. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2226. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.489..941P. 
  9. ↑ Mancini, L. et al. (January 2022). "The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: dynamical evolution and atmospheric properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (1): 1447–1464. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2691. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.509.1447M. 
  10. ↑ Owens, Niall et al. (May 2021). "Phase curve and variability analysis of WASP-12b using TESS photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 503 (1): L38–L46. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab014. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.503L..38O. 
  11. ↑ Hooton, M. J. et al. (February 2022). "Spi-OPS: Spitzer and CHEOPS confirm the near-polar orbit of MASCARA-1 b and reveal a hint of dayside reflection". Astronomy & Astrophysics 658: A75. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141645. Bibcode: 2022A&A...658A..75H. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Planetary Systems". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS. 
  13. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (1995). "Catalogue of Exoplanets" (in en). Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/all_fields/. 
  14. ↑ Lachapelle, François-René et al. (March 2015). "Characterization of Low-mass, Wide-separation Substellar Companions to Stars in Upper Scorpius: Near-infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal 802 (1): 61. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/61. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...802...61L. 
  15. ↑ "Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals". CNET. April 27, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-uncover-a-hellish-planet-so-hot-it-could-vaporize-most-metals/. Retrieved April 27, 2021. 
  16. ↑ Ehrenreich, David; Lovis, Christophe; Allart, Romain; Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero; Pepe, Francesco; Cristiani, Stefano; Rebolo, Rafael; Santos, Nuno C. et al. (2020-04-30). "Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet". Nature 580 (7805): 597–601. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2107-1. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32161364. Bibcode: 2020Natur.580..597E. 
  17. ↑ "Wasp-76b: The exotic inferno planet where it 'rains iron'" (in en-GB). 2020-03-11. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51828871. 
  18. ↑ "WASP 76b – A World with Iron Rain". March 17, 2020. https://cosmoquest.org/x/2020/03/wasp-76b-a-world-with-iron-rain/. 
  19. ↑ Wong, Ian; Knutson, Heather A.; Kataria, Tiffany; Lewis, Nikole K.; Burrows, Adam; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Schwartz, Joel; Shporer, Avi et al. (2016-06-01). "3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer Phase Curves of the Highly Irradiated Hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b". The Astrophysical Journal 823 (2): 122. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/122. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...823..122W. 
  20. ↑ Neuhäuser, R. et al. (June 2008). "Astrometric and photometric monitoring of GQ Lupi and its sub-stellar companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics 484 (1): 281–291. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078493. Bibcode: 2008A&A...484..281N. 
  21. ↑ Schmidt, T. O. B. et al. (November 2008). "Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Chamaeleontis". Astronomy and Astrophysics 491 (1): 311–320. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078840. Bibcode: 2008A&A...491..311S. 
  22. ↑ Esteves, Lisa J.; De Mooij, Ernst J. W.; Jayawardhana, Ray (2015-05-12). "Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres of Kepler Planets with High-Precision Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 804 (2): 150. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804..150E. 
  23. ↑ Daemgen, S.; Hormuth, F.; Brandner, W.; Bergfors, C.; Janson, M.; Hippler, S.; Henning, Th (May 2009). "Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 498 (2): 567–574. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2009A&A...498..567D. 
  24. ↑ Barros, S. C. C.; Almenara, J. M.; Deleuil, M.; Diaz, R. F.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Cabrera, J.; Chaintreuil, S.; Collier Cameron, A. et al. (2014-09-01). "Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level". Astronomy and Astrophysics 569: A74. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423939. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2014A&A...569A..74B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...569A..74B. 
  25. ↑ Piskorz, Danielle; Benneke, Björn; Crockett, Nathan R.; Lockwood, Alexandra C.; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Barman, Travis S.; Bender, Chad F.; Carr, John S. et al. (2017-08-01). "Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b". The Astronomical Journal 154 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7dd8. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154...78P. 
  26. ↑ Harrington, J.; Hansen, B.; Luszcz, S.; Seager, S.; Deming, D.; Menou, K.; Cho, J.; Richardson, L. J. (2006-10-27). "The phase-dependent Infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b". Science 314 (5799): 623–626. doi:10.1126/science.1133904. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17038587. Bibcode: 2006Sci...314..623H. 
  27. ↑ Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Smalley, B.; Hebb, L.; Cameron, A. Collier; Maxted, P. F. L. et al. (2010-01-20). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit". The Astrophysical Journal 709 (1): 159–167. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...709..159A. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Bonomo, A. S.; Desidera, S.; Benatti, S.; Borsa, F.; Crespi, S.; Damasso, M.; Lanza, A. F.; Sozzetti, A. et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 602: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629882. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A.107B. 
  29. ↑ Zellem, Robert T.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Knutson, Heather A.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Showman, Adam P.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Agol, Eric et al. (2014-07-02). "The 4.5 μm full-orbit phase curve of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b". The Astrophysical Journal 790 (1): 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/53. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...790...53Z. 
  30. ↑ Öztürk, Oǧuz; Erdem, Ahmet (2019-06-01). "New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486 (2): 2290–2307. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz747. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.486.2290O. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019MNRAS.486.2290O. 
  31. ↑ Chilcote, Jeffrey; Pueyo, Laurent; Rosa, Robert J. De; Vargas, Jeffrey; Macintosh, Bruce; Bailey, Vanessa P.; Barman, Travis; Bauman, Brian et al. (2017-03-28). "1–2.4μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant PlanetβPictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager". The Astronomical Journal 153 (4): 182. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa63e9. ISSN 1538-3881. 
  32. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Clement, Matthew S.; Tinney, C. G.; Cui, Kaiming; Aizawa, Masataka; Jones, Hugh R. A. et al. (2022-08-26). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (1): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F. 
  33. ↑ Bonomo, A. S.; Dumusque, X.; Massa, A.; Mortier, A.; Bongiolatti, R.; Malavolta, L.; Sozzetti, A.; Buchhave, L. A. et al. (2023-09-01). "Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems". Astronomy and Astrophysics 677: A33. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346211. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...677A..33B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...677A..33B. 
  34. ↑ "Planet Compare". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planet-compare. 
  35. ↑ Rumenskikh, M. S.; Khodachenko, M. L.; Shaikhislamov, I. F.; Miroshnichenko, I. B.; Berezutsky, A. G.; Shepelin, A. V.; Dwivedi, N. K. (2023-09-19). "Mysterious non-detection of HeI (23S) transit absorption of GJ436b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: stad2846. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2846. ISSN 0035-8711. http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11938. 



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