Biology:Acolium
| Acolium | |
|---|---|
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| Acolium inquinans | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Caliciaceae |
| Genus: | Acolium (Ach.) Gray (1821) |
| Type species | |
| Acolium inquinans (Sm.) A.Massal. (1853)
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| Species | |
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A. chloroconium | |
| Synonyms | |
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Acolium is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.[1] The genus has a widespread distribution and contains six species. These lichens are found on bark and wood, occasionally on rocks, or growing on other lichens.[2]
The genus was originally proposed as a subdivision of Calicium by Erik Acharius in 1808,[3] and promoted to generic status by Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821.[4]
Description
Acolium is characterized by a crustose thallus that can vary in appearance from a rough, warty surface to a cracked, mosaic-like pattern. The thallus can be thick or thin, and its colour ranges from grey to brownish. However, in species that live on other lichens, the thallus is absent. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of these lichens is composed of interwoven hyphae, and they have a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] photobiont.[2]
Acolium lichens produce apothecia, which are black, and can be either sessile or partially immersed. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is consistently thick, particularly at the base, and has a blackish-brown hue, occasionally displaying a white or grey powdery appearance. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which is not easily visible, consists of simple, unbranched [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. Asci develop individually from [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] hyphae with croziers and are cylindrical in shape. They possess a single functional wall layer and disintegrate early on, releasing spores into a dry, black, powdery mass called a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]].[2]
The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of Acolium lichens have a single septum; they have shapes ranging from broadly cylindrical to ellipsoidal. They exhibit a slight or pronounced constriction at the septum and have a thick, dark brown wall adorned with unique ornamentation such as irregular cracks, warts, or parallel ridges. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], are spherical or slightly flattened, measuring 50–200 μm in diameter, and initially semi-immersed in the thallus. The conidiophores are branched, and the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are aseptate and colourless, existing in two types: cylindrical and tapering at one end or ellipsoidal. Chemically, Acolium lichens contain pulvinic acid derivatives, which are yellow pigments, along with unidentified compounds.[2]
Species
(As of April 2023), Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 6 species of Acolium.[1]
- Acolium chloroconium Tuck. (1866)
- Acolium inquinans (Sm.) A.Massal. (1853)
- Acolium karelicum (Vain.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Acolium marcianum (B.de Lesd.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Acolium sessile (Pers.) Arnold (1885)
- Acolium yunnanense Thiyagaraja & K.D.Hyde (2021)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Acolium". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/N4L.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cannon, Paul; Prieto, Maria; Coppins, Brian; Sanderson, Neil; Scheidegger, Christoph; Simkin, Janet (2021). "Caliciales: Caliciaceae, including the genera Acolium, Amandinea, Buellia, Calicium, Diploicia, Diplotomma, Endohyalina, Monerolechia, Orcularia, Pseudothelomma, Rinodina and Tetramelas". Revisions of British and Irish Lichens 15: 1–35 [3–5]. doi:10.34885/174.
- ↑ Acharius, E. (1808). "Förteckning på de i Sverige våxande arter af Lafvarnas Familj" (in la). Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar. 2 29: 259–283 [277]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46995954.
- ↑ Gray, S.F. (1821). A Natural Arrangement of British Plants. 1. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. p. 482. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30087184.
Wikidata ☰ Q4674457 entry
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