Biology:List of Ranunculus species

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Ranunculus is a genus of about 1,700 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae.[1] Members of the genus include the buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots.


Selected species

A

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus abaensis W. T. Wang 1987 = R. indivisus var. abaensis[2]
Ranunculus abchasicus Freyn ex Sommier & Levier 1893[3][4]
Ranunculus abnormis Cutanda & Willk. 1859
Ranunculus abortivus L. 1753
  • var. abortivus
  • var. australis Brandegee 1894
  • ssp. acrolasius (Fernald) Kapoor & Löve = R. abortivus
  • var. acrolasius Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. eucyclus Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. indivisus Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. harveyi A. Gray = R. harveyi[5]
  • Little-leaf buttercup
  • Small-flower crowfoot
  • Kidney-leaf buttercup
  • Small-flowered buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus acaulis DC. 1817[6]
  • Dune buttercup
  • Sand buttercup
  • Shore buttercup
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus acer auct. = Ranunculus acris
Ranunculus acetosellifolius Boiss. 1838
  • Southwestern Europe
Ranunculus aconitifolius L. 1753
  • Aconite-leaf buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus acraeus Heenan & P.J.Lockh. 2006
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus acriformis A.Gray 1886[7]
  • Sharpleaf buttercup
  • North America
  • var. acriformis
  • Sharpleaf buttercup
  • USA (Colorado, Wyoming)
  • var. aestivalis L.D.Benson 1948[8]
  • Autumn buttercup[9]
  • Autumn sharp buttercup
  • Autumn-fir buttercup
  • Fall buttercup
  • var. montanensis (Rydb.) L.D.Benson
  • Mountain sharp buttercup
Ranunculus acris L. 1753
  • var. acris
  • var. frigidus Regel
  • Common buttercup
  • Meadow buttercup
  • Tall buttercup
  • Temperate Eurasia
  • var. aestivalis (L. D. Benson) S. L. Welsh = R. acriformis var. aestivalis[8][9]
  • ssp. borealis (Trautv.) Nyman 1878 = R. borealis
  • ssp. glabriusculus (Rupr.) Löve 1976 = R. glabriusculus
  • ssp. japonicus (Thunb.) Hultén = R. japonicus
  • var. japonicus (Thunb.) Maxim. = R. japonicus
  • var. latisectus Beck = R. acris
  • var. monticola (Kitag.) Tamura = R. paishanensis
Ranunculus acutidentatus Rupr. = Ranunculus acutilobus
Ranunculus acutilobus Ledeb. 1753
Ranunculus adoneus A.Gray 1863
  • var. adoneus
  • var. alpinus (S.Watson) L.D.Benson 1941
  • ssp. huetii P.H.Davis
  • Alpine buttercup
  • North America (Rocky Mountains)
Ranunculus adoxifolius Hand.-Mazz. 1939
Ranunculus aduncus Gren. 1847
Ranunculus aestivalis (L.D.Benson) Van Buren & K.T.Harper 1994 = R. acriformis var. aestivalis[8][9]
Ranunculus ageri Bertol. 1819
Ranunculus albertii Regel & Schmalh. 1877
Ranunculus alismellus (A. Gray) Greene 1892 = R. alismifolius var. alismellus
Ranunculus alismifolius Geyer ex Benth. 1849
  • var. alismellus A. Gray 1868
  • var. alismifolius
  • var. davisii L. D. Benson 1948
  • var. hartwegii (Greene) Jeps. 1922
  • var. lemmonii (A. Gray) L. D. Benson 1936
  • var. montanus S. Watson 1871
  • Plantainleaf buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton 1895
  • Allegheny Mountain buttercup
  • Eastern North America
Ranunculus allenii B.L.Rob. 1905
  • Allen's buttercup
  • Northern Canada
Ranunculus alpestris L. 1753
  • Alpine buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson 1878
  • Waterplantain spearwort
  • Eastern North America
Ranunculus amphitrichus Colenso 1885
  • Small river buttercup
  • Southeastern Australia
Ranunculus amplexicaulis L.
  • Clasping-leaf buttercup
  • Iberian Peninsula[11]
Ranunculus amplus N.G.Walsh & B.G.Briggs 2003 [12]
  • Lacey River buttercup
  • Victoria, Australia
Ranunculus andersonii A. Gray 1868
  • var. andersonii
  • var. juniperinus (Jones) S.L.Welsh 1986
  • var. tenellus S.Watson 1871
  • Anderson's buttercup
  • Western United States
Ranunculus anemoneus F.Muell. 1855
  • Anemone buttercup[13]
  • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
Ranunculus anemonifolius auct. = Ranunculus elegans
Ranunculus aquatilis L. 1753
  • var. aquatilis
  • var. arcticus Durand 1856
  • var. diffusus With. 1796
  • Common water-crowfoot
  • White water-crowfoot
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • North America
Ranunculus arizonicus Lemmon ex A. Gray 1886
  • var. arizonicus
  • var. subsagittatus A. Gray 1886
  • var. subaffinis A. Gray 1886
     = R. inamoenus var. subaffinis
  • Arizona buttercup
  • Southwestern United States
  • Mexico
Ranunculus arvensis L. 1753
  • var. arvensis
  • var. tuberculatus DC.
  • var. echinatissimus (Blatt.) Qureshi & Chaudhri 1988 = R. arvensis
  • Corn buttercup
  • Devil-on-all-sides
  • Scratch bur
  • Europe
Ranunculus asiaticus L. 1753
  • Persian buttercup
  • Persian crowfoot
  • Asian buttercup
Ranunculus auricomus L. 1753
  • Goldilocks buttercup
  • Greenland buttercup
  • Northern Eurasia
  • Greenland
Ranunculus austro-oreganus L. D. Benson 1954
  • Southern Oregon buttercup
  • USA (southern Oregon)

B

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus barceloi Grau (1984)
Ranunculus baudotii
Ranunculus bilobus Bertol.
Ranunculus biternatus Sm.
  • Antarctic buttercup
  • Patagonia
  • Subantarctic islands
Ranunculus bonariensis Poir. 1804
  • Carter's buttercup
  • Chile,
  • Argentina
  • Central California
Ranunculus borealis Trautv. 1860
Ranunculus bulbosus L.
  • St Anthony's turnip
  • Bulbous buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus bullatus
  • Autumn buttercup
  • Mediterranean region
Ranunculus bupleuroides

C

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus californicus Benth.
  • California buttercup
  • California
Ranunculus canus Benth.
  • Sacramento Valley buttercup
  • California
Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook.
  • Heartleaf buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus carinthiacus
  • Carinthian buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus cassubicifolius
  • Europe
Ranunculus cassubicus
  • Kashubian buttercup
  • Eastern Europe
Ranunculus caucasicus
Ranunculus circinatus
  • Fan-leaved water-crowfoot
  • Europe
Ranunculus clivicola B.G.Briggs
  • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
Ranunculus coloradensis (L. Benson) L. Benson
Ranunculus cordiger Viviani
Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd.
  • Azores buttercup
Ranunculus crassipes
  • Subantarctic buttercup
  • Subantarctic region

D

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus degenii Kümmerle & Jáv.
Ranunculus demissus DC.
Ranunculus densiciliatus W. T. Wang
Ranunculus dichotomus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
Ranunculus dielsianus Ulbr.
Ranunculus diffusus DC.
Ranunculus dingjieensis L. Liou
Ranunculus dissectifolius F.Muell. 1855
  • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
Ranunculus dissectus M.Bieb.
Ranunculus distans Royle
Ranunculus dongrergensis Hand.-Mazz.
Ranunculus donianus Pritz.

E

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus elegans C. Koch 1841
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl. 1820
  • var. eschscholtzii
  • var. eximius (Greene) L.D.Benson
  • var. helleri (Rydb.) L.D. Benson
  • var. oxynotus (A. Gray) Jeps.
  • var. suksdorfii (A. Gray) L.D. Benson
  • var. trisectus (Eastw. ex B.L. Rob.) L.D.
  • var. adoneus (A.Gray) C.L.Hitchcock
     = Ranunculus adoneus
  • var. alpinus (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchcock
     = Ranunculus adoneus
  • Eschscholtz's buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus extensus (Hook. f.) Schilbe. ex Engl. 1891

F

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus falcatus auct. non L.]
  • Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
  • Ceratocephala falcata auct. non (L.) Pers.
  • Ceratocephala orthoceras DC.
  • Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth
  • Curveseed butterwort
Ranunculus fallax
  • Europe
Ranunculus fascicularis
  • Early buttercup
  • Eastern North America
Ranunculus flabellaris
  • Yellow water buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus flammula
  • Lesser spearwort
  • Boreal Kingdom
Ranunculus fluitans
  • River water-crowfoot
  • Europe

G

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus glaberrimus
  • Sagebrush buttercup
  • Interior western North America
Ranunculus glacialis
  • Glacier crowfoot
  • Glacier buttercup
  • Arctic-alpine Europe
  • Siberia
  • Alaska
Ranunculus gmelinii
  • Gmelin's buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus gormanii
  • Gorman's buttercup
  • Oregon
  • Northern California
Ranunculus gramineus
  • Grassy-leaved buttercup
  • Southern Europe

H

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus harveyi (A. Gray) Britton 1894[14]
  • var. australis (Brand) L.D. Benson
  • Harvey's buttercup[15]
  • south-central U.S.
Ranunculus hebecarpus Delicate buttercup Western North America
Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy-leaved crowfoot Europe
Ranunculus hispidus
  • Bristly buttercup
  • Hispid buttercup
  • Swamp buttercup
 Eastern North America
Ranunculus hybridus Hybrid buttercup European Alps
Ranunculus hydrocharoides
  • Frogbit buttercup
  • Frog's bit buttercup
 Western North America
Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. 1770 High northern buttercup Northern North America

I

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus illyricus L. 1753
= R. alexeenkoi Grossh.
= R. meridionalis Grossh.[16] 		Eastern Europe
Ranunculus indivisus (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz. 1939
  • var. abaensis (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang 1995
  • var. indivisus[17]
Ranunculus insignis Hook.f. 1852 Korikori New Zealand
Ranunculus inundatus R.Br. ex DC. river buttercup Southeastern Australia

J

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. 1794
  • mao gen
  • China
Ranunculus jovis
  • Utah buttercup
  • Mountain west United States

K

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus kadzusensis
  • Maehwamarum
  • Korean water crowfoot
  • Asia
Ranunculus kuepferi

L

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus lanuginosus L. 1753
  • Ranunculus umbrosus Ten.
  • Woolly buttercup
  • Downy buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus lappaceus
  • Australian buttercup
  • Eastern Australia
Ranunculus lapponicus
  • Lapland buttercup
  • Arctic
Ranunculus lingua
  • Greater spearwort
  • Eurasia
Ranunculus lobbii
  • Lobb's buttercup
  • Lobb's aquatic butterup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 1840 =
R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796[18]
  • Longbeak buttercup
  • White water-crowfoot
  • North America
Ranunculus luminarius
  • Italy
Ranunculus lyallii
  • Mount Cook Lily
  • Mount Cook buttercup
  • Mountain buttercup
  • New Zealand

M

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus macounii
  • Macoun's buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus macranthus
  • Large buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus macrophyllus
  • Large-leaf buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.
  • Rock buttercup[19]
  • Small-flowered crowfoot[20]
  • United States
Ranunculus millefolius Banks & Sol.[21]
  • Jerusalem buttercup[22]
  • Nurit
  • Israel, Lebanon, Syria
Ranunculus montanus
  • mountain buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus monophyllus
  • eastern Europe to subarctic Asia and northern China
Ranunculus moseleyi
  • Moseley's buttercup
Ranunculus muricatus
  • Spinyfruit buttercup
  • Europe

N

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus nivalis L. 1753
  • Snow buttercup

O

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf.
Ranunculus occidentalis
  • Western buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius
  • Badgeworth Buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus orthorhynchus
  • Straightbeak buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus oz Christenh. & Byng
  • Australia

P

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus pachyrrhizus Hook.f.
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus papulentus
  • Large River buttercup
  • Southeastern Australia
Ranunculus parviflorus
  • Smallflower buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus pauperculus Ovcz.
 = R. eschscholtzii
  • Eschscholtz's buttercup
  • Western North America
Ranunculus pedatifidus
  • Birdfoot buttercup
  • Northern buttercup
  • Surefoot buttercup
  • Asia
  • North America
Ranunculus peduncularis
  • South America
Ranunculus peltatus
  • Pond water crowfoot
  • Europe
  • Southwestern Asia
  • Northern Africa
Ranunculus penicillatus
  • Europe
  • Morocco
Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans
  • Southern UK (chalk streams)
Ranunculus pensylvanicus
  • Pennsylvania buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Hook.
  • Bog buttercup
  • Eastern Australia
Ranunculus pinguis
  • New Zealand (Auckland and Campbell Islands)
Ranunculus platanifolius
  • Large white buttercup
Ranunculus polyanthemos
  • Multiflowered buttercup
  • Europe
  • Central Asia
  • Siberia
Ranunculus populago
  • Popular buttercup
  • Mountain Buttercup
  • Pacific Northwest United States
Ranunculus pusillus
  • Low spearwort
  • Eastern United States
Ranunculus pygmaeus
  • Pygmy buttercup
  • Circumpolar Arctic
Ranunculus pyrenaeus
  • Pyrenean buttercup
  • Andorra
  • France
  • Spain

R

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus radicans
  • Siberia to northern China
Ranunculus recurvatus
  • Hooked crowfoot
  • Hooked buttercup
  • Eastern North America
Ranunculus repens
  • Creeping buttercup
  • Eurasia
  • Northwestern Africa
Ranunculus reptans
  • R. flammula var. filiformis
  • Greater creeping spearwort
  • North America
Ranunculus rhomboideus
  • Prairie Buttercup
  • North America

S

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus sardous
  • Hairy buttercup
  • Sardinian buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus sceleratus
  • Cursed buttercup
  • Celery-leaved buttercup
  • Eurasia
  • North America
Ranunculus seguieri
  • Seguier's buttercup
  • Southeastern Europe
Ranunculus septentrionalis
  • Swamp buttercup
  • Eastern North America
Ranunculus sericophyllus Hook.f.
  • Silky alpine buttercup[23]
  • Feathery-leaved buttercup[24]
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus siamensis
  • Thailand, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Indochina
Ranunculus sieboldii
  • Asia
Ranunculus silerifolius
  • Eastern Asia
Ranunculus subrigidus W.B.Drew
 = R. aquatilis var. diffusus
  • White water-crowfoot
Ranunculus sulphureus Sol. ex C.J. Phipps 1774
  • var. altaica (Laxm.) Trautv. 1860
  • var. sulphureus
  • var. albertii (Regel & Schmalh.) Maxim. 1889
     = R. alberti
  • var. intercedens Hultén 1928
     = R. sulphureus
  • Sulphur buttercup
  • Alaska
  • Canada
  • Greenland

T

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus thora L. 1753
  • Tora buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill. 1786 = R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796
Ranunculus trilobus Desf. 1799
  • Threelobe buttercup[25]
  • Mediterranean
Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray 1886
Ranunculus trivedii Aswal & Mehrotra 1983
  • Himalayas
Ranunculus turneri Greene 1892

U

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus uncinatus D.Don 1831
  • Woodland buttercup
  • Little buttercup
  • Western North America

V

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus velutinus Ten. 1825
Ranunculus venetus Huter ex Landolt
Ranunculus verticillatus
  • Lobe-leaf buttercup
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus viridis H. D. Wilson et Garn.-Jones
  • Mt Allen buttercup
  • Stewart Island, New Zealand

W

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus wangianus Q. E. Yang 2000
Ranunculus weddellii Lourteig
Ranunculus wettsteinii Dörfl.
Ranunculus weyleri Marès

X

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus xinningensis W. T. Wang

Y

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus yanshanensis W.T.Wang
Ranunculus yaoanus W.T.Wang
Ranunculus yechengensis W. T. Wang
Ranunculus yinshanicus (Y. Z. Zhao) Y. Z. Zhao
Ranunculus yunnanensis Franch.

Z

Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus zhungdianensis W. T. Wang 1987

References

General

Specific

  1. ↑ "Ranunculus L..". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002060-2. 
  2. ↑ R. abaensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  3. ↑ R. abchasicus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  4. ↑ R. abchasicus International Plant Names Index (IPNI). 21 December 2011
  5. ↑ R. abortivus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  6. ↑ R. acaulis International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 21 December 2011
  7. ↑ "Ranunculus acriformis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAACM. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?320279 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 21 January 2018 }}
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 var. aestivalis Flora of North America, Vol. 3. 21 December 2011
  10. ↑ var. aestivalis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  11. ↑ R. amplexicaulis Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
  12. ↑ "Flora of Victoria". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/e4bf52c9-a442-45ec-ad1f-7b7106764dbd. 
  13. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Ranunculus anemoneus | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?30811 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 21 January 2018 }}
  14. ↑ R. harveyi Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
  15. ↑ "Ranunculus harveyi". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAHA. Retrieved 21 Dec 2011. 
  16. ↑ R. illyricus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
  17. ↑ R. indivisus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  18. ↑ R. longirostris Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
  19. ↑ "Ranunculus micranthus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RAMI2. Retrieved 19 Dec 2011. 
  20. ↑ R. micranthus New York Natural Heritage Program. 2011. Online Conservation Guide 19 Dec 2011
  21. ↑ R. millefolius BioLib.cz 22 Dec 2011
  22. ↑ R. millefolius Flowers in Israel 22 Dec 2011
  23. ↑ NZ Plant Conservation Network
  24. ↑ UniProt
  25. ↑ R. trilobus Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 22 December 2011



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