Chemistry:Β-Chlornaltrexamine
β-Chlornaltrexamine (β-CNA) is a non-selective irreversible antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), the δ-opioid receptor (DOR), and the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), which forms a covalent bond to the binding sites of these receptors and has ultra-long-lasting opioid antagonist effects.[1] Although it is predominantly antagonistic, β-CNA also shows some irreversible mixed agonist–antagonist activity at the MOR and KOR and some associated analgesic effects.[2][3] Its alkylating group is a bis(chloroalkyl)amino-residue similar to that of the nitrogen mustards.[4][5][6][7]
The drug was first described by 1978.[8][9] It should not be confused with its epimer and related drug α-chlornaltrexamine (α-CNA), which is likewise predominantly an irreversible antagonist of the opioid receptors but also shows some irreversible mixed agonist–antagonist activity.[10]
See also
- Naltrexamine, an opioid receptor antagonist and the parent compound
- β-Funaltrexamine, a related irreversible opioid receptor antagonist
- Naloxazone, an irreversible μ-opioid receptor antagonist
- Methocinnamox, an irreversible μ-opioid receptor antagonist
- Chloroxymorphamine, an irreversible opioid receptor agonist
- Oxymorphazone, an irreversible opioid receptor agonist
References
- ↑ "Pharmacological profiles of beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) and beta-chlornaltrexamine (beta-CNA) on the mouse vas deferens preparation". Eur J Pharmacol 80 (4): 377–384. June 1982. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(82)90083-8. PMID 6286325.
- ↑ "Estimation of opioid receptor agonist dissociation constants with beta-chlornaltrexamine, an irreversible ligand which also displays agonism". Br J Pharmacol 95 (1): 234–240. September 1988. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb16569.x. PMID 2851350.
- ↑ "Methocinnamox is a potent, long-lasting, and selective antagonist of morphine-mediated antinociception in the mouse: comparison with clocinnamox, beta-funaltrexamine, and beta-chlornaltrexamine". J Pharmacol Exp Ther 294 (3): 933–940. September 2000. PMID 10945843.
- ↑ "6β-[N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan(chlornaltrexamine) a potent opioid receptor alkylating agent with ultralong narcotic antagonist activity". J. Med. Chem. 21 (7): 598–9. July 1978. doi:10.1021/jm00205a002. PMID 209185.
- ↑ "Synthesis and pharmacologic characterization of an alkylating analogue (chlornaltrexamine) of naltrexone with ultralong-lasting narcotic antagonist properties". J. Med. Chem. 22 (2): 168–73. February 1979. doi:10.1021/jm00188a008. PMID 218009.
- ↑ "Pharmacological studies with an alkylating narcotic agonist, chloroxymorphamine, and antagonist, chlornaltrexamine". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 213 (3): 539–44. June 1980. PMID 6162947. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6162947.
- ↑ "Isolation of selective 3H-chlornaltrexamine-bound complexes, possible opioid receptor components in brains of mice". Life Sci. 27 (22): 2063–9. December 1980. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(80)90485-3. PMID 6259471.
- ↑ "6beta-[N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan(chlornaltrexamine) a potent opioid receptor alkylating agent with ultralong narcotic antagonist actitivty". J Med Chem 21 (7): 598–599. July 1978. doi:10.1021/jm00205a002. PMID 209185.
- ↑ "Synthesis and pharmacologic characterization of an alkylating analogue (chlornaltrexamine) of naltrexone with ultralong-lasting narcotic antagonist properties". J Med Chem 22 (2): 168–173. February 1979. doi:10.1021/jm00188a008. PMID 218009.
- ↑ "Alkylation of opioid receptor subtypes by alpha-chlornaltrexamine produces concurrent irreversible agonistic and irreversible antagonistic activities". J Med Chem 26 (4): 503–506. April 1983. doi:10.1021/jm00358a009. PMID 6300401.
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