Engineering:Saman-1 (rocket stage)
Saman-1 upper-stage | |
Manufacturer | Iranian Space Research Center |
---|---|
Country of origin | Iran |
Used on | Simorgh (in future) Qased (possibly) |
General characteristics | |
Gross mass | 240 kg (530 lb) |
Propellant mass | 185 kg (408 lb) |
Empty mass | 55 kg (121 lb) |
Arash-24 | |
Thrust | 13 kN (2,900 lbf) |
Burn time | 40 seconds |
Associated stages | |
Comparable | Star 24 |
Launch history | |
Status | In development |
The Saman-1 (Persian: سامان-۱) is a space tug in development by the Iranian Space Research Center to be used to transfer satellites from a 400 km orbit to higher orbits.[1] The system was unveiled on February 1, 2017, by Iranian president Hassan Rouhani in a ceremony marking the Iranian national space technology day.[2][3]
It could be used as a third stage/kick-motor on the Simorgh launch vehicle.[4] Although very little information has been publicly revealed about the Qased launch vehicle's solid fueled third stage, analysts have concluded that it may uses the Saman-1 as its third stage or something similar.[5][6]
Design
The saman-1 utilizes an Arash-24 solid fuel motor as its main propulsion unit, producing 1.3 tons of thrust with a burn time of 40 seconds and a total mass of 240 kg fully fueled and 55 kg when empty.[7][8]
Saman-1 is capable of transferring satellites from a 400 km orbit to a 7,000 km orbit.[9][10] For its first mission it will be tasked with lifting a 100 kilogram satellite from a 400 kilometer circular parking orbit to an elliptical orbit with an apogee of 700 kilometers and a perigee of 400 kilometers.[10][11][12] After the first and second stage burn are done the launch vehicle releases the payload and the Saman-1 third stage into a parking orbit, then the Saman-1 becomes responsible for stabilization and elimination of vibrations after release and finally the accurate injection of its payload into its target orbit.[13][14]
Several new sub-systems were designed and manufactured for the Saman-1, these include: a complete and independent navigation and control system, a solid-fueled propulsion system (made out of titanium to reduce weight), cold gas thrusters, a power system, and a flight computer.[13][14][15]
Future versions
Saman-2 will be able to transfer satellites from a 400 km orbit (LEO) to a 10,000 km orbit; Saman-3 up to 21,000 km; Saman-4 up to 36,000 km (geostationary and geosynchronous orbits).[9][16]
History
Saman-1 development began in 2015. The first prototype was unveiled on February 1, 2017, by President Hassan Rouhani. The second prototype was being tested in December 2018.[17][2][3] In December 2019, the first sample of the Arash motor was tested successfully in vacuum conditions.[18] A suborbital test flight of Saman-1 occurred in June 2021 and was reported to be successful.[19] A second successful suborbital test took place on 3 October 2022.[20] Operational test flight of the system is planned for 2022–2023.[16]
Gallery
See also
- Simorgh (rocket)
- Qased (rocket)
- Iranian Space Agenecy
- Semnan Space Center
- list of upper-stages
References
- ↑ "پژوهشگاه فضایی ایران | Orbital transmission system (Saman 1)". https://www.isrc.ac.ir/en-us/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%DB%B1).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Iran unveils Interorbital System" (in en). 2017-02-01. https://en.irna.ir/news/82411486/Iran-unveils-Interorbital-System.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Payam-e Amirkabir, Nahid 1 satellites, Saman orbital transfer system unveiled by President". http://www.president.ir/en/97453.
- ↑ "Simorgh". http://www.astronautix.com/s/simorgh.html.
- ↑ "The IRGC gets into the space-launch business" (in en). https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2020/05/iran-military-satellite-launch-irgc.
- ↑ "Iran Launched Its First Military Satellite by MatthewGreenwood". https://www.engineering.com/story/iran-launched-its-first-military-satellite.
- ↑ "Safir Data Sheet". https://www.spacelaunchreport.com/simorgh.html.
- ↑ "Simorgh Saman-1 kick-stage". http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/Simorgh_Saman-1_kick-stage/index.htm.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "طراحی ماهواره سامان ۲ شروع شده است" (in fa). 2021-11-27. http://www.yjc.news/fa/news/7980111.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "جهش مداری ماهوارههای بومی با سامانه "سامان-۱"/نصب موتورهای کنترل وضعیت در "ناهید-۲" و "پارس-۱"" (in fa). 2020-02-08. https://www.isna.ir/news/98111914069/جهش-مداری-ماهواره-های-بومی-با-سامانه-سامان-۱-نصب-موتورهای-کنترل.
- ↑ "Iran's Space Program". https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/iran-s-space-program-emerges-from-dormancy.
- ↑ "Iran completes construction of Nahid-2 satellite" (in en). 2021-01-21. https://en.mehrnews.com/news/168843/Iran-completes-construction-of-Nahid-2-satellite.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "جهش مداری ماهوارههای بومی با سامانه "سامان-۱"/نصب موتورهای کنترل وضعیت در "ناهید-۲" و "پارس-۱"" (in fa). 2020-02-08. https://www.isna.ir/news/98111914069/جهش-مداری-ماهواره-های-بومی-با-سامانه-سامان-۱-نصب-موتورهای-کنترل.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "جهش مداری ماهوارههای ایرانی با سامانه "سامان"/ حالا میتوان به ارتفاع ۷۰۰ کیلومتری از سطح زمین رسید +عکس" (in fa-IR). 2017-02-02. https://sepas.ir/1395/11/14/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86/.
- ↑ "297-موتور فضایی آرش" (in fa-IR). 2020-12-16. https://iranplatform.com/2020/12/297-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B4/.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "سامانه انتقال مداری سال آینده تست عملیاتی میشود" (in fa). 2021-11-26. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5361398/سامانه-انتقال-مداری-سال-آینده-تست-عملیاتی-می-شود.
- ↑ "ساخت سامانه انتقال مداری در پژوهشگاه فضایی ایران در دست اجرا است" (in fa). 2018-12-25. https://kb.ict.gov.ir/fa/news/73360/%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%be%da%98%d9%88%d9%87%d8%b4%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b6%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa.
- ↑ "نخستین نمونه از خانواده موتور فضایی ایرانی آرش با موفقیت تست شد | خبرگزاری فارس". 2019-12-17. https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13980926000547/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D8%AF.
- ↑ "انجام اولین آزمون زیرمداری سامانه انتقال مداری/آزمون زیرمداری دوم در برنامه بعدی پژوهشگاه فضایی" (in fa). 2021-06-27. https://www.isna.ir/news/1400040604263/انجام-اولین-آزمون-زیرمداری-سامانه-انتقال-مداری-آزمون-زیرمداری.
- ↑ "Iran says it launched test 'tug' into suborbital space". Washington Post. 4 October 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iran-says-it-launched-test-tug-into-suborbital-space/2022/10/04/a28a2eb4-43ae-11ed-be17-89cbe6b8c0a5_story.html.
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman-1 (rocket stage).
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