Physics:Trailer skirt
A trailer skirt or side skirt is a device affixed to the underside of a semi-trailer, for the purpose of reducing aerodynamic drag caused by air turbulence. Trailer skirts have been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SmartWay Transport Partnership as a verified aerodynamic technology, eligible for funding under the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act.[1]
Construction
Trailer skirts comprise a pair of panels affixed to the lower side edges of a trailer, running most of the length of the trailer and filling the gap between the forward and rear axles. Trailer skirts are typically constructed of aluminum, plastic, or fiberglass, with plastic the most resistant to damage from side or bottom impacts.[2] Skirts may have a modular design, allowing installation on a variety of trailer lengths.[3] Skirts may weigh between 70 and 160 kg (150 and 350 lb).[4] Installation typically requires three to five person-hours.[4]
Cost
(As of 2009), a set of trailer skirts cost between C$1500 and C$3000 (United States dollar 1300 to $2700).[4] Standard trailer skirts have an estimated payback period of ten to eighteen months, while "advanced" skirts (those that improve fuel efficiency by over 7%) are estimated to pay for themselves in seven to fourteen months.[4]
Performance
A 2012 investigation by SAE International of nine trailer skirt designs found that three provided fuel savings greater than 5%, and four provided savings between 4% and 5%, compared with an unmodified trailer.[5] Skirts with reduced ground clearance offer greater fuel savings; in one instance, reducing ground clearance from 16 in (41 cm) to 8 in (20 cm) resulted in an improvement in fuel savings from 4% to 7%.[2] One 2008 Delft University of Technology study found fuel savings of up to 15% for the particular design studied.[6] Sean Graham, president of a major supplier of trailer skirts, estimates that in typical use, drivers see fuel savings of 5% to 6%.[2]
Trailers with skirts fitted have also demonstrated reduced tire spray, and drivers have reported improved stability in crosswinds.[4]
Adoption
As of 2018, over 60% of new trailers produced in Australia are equipped with skirts, whereas the figure is over 50% for the North American market.
A 2014 study by the North American Council for Freight Efficiency on adoption of fuel efficient technologies and practices found trailer skirts to be the most widely adopted technology of those studied, having been adopted by seven of the ten major shipping fleets in the study.[7]
Since the wide adoption of trailer skirts, the incidences of them becoming detached and hurting other drivers on the road have increased. On October 18th, 2018, in one particular case, a trailer skirt came off of an east bound tractor trailer and ended up in the west bound lanes where it hit a car and killed its driver Mark Elliot, 71, of St. Louis, Missouri while he was traveling through Knoxville, Tennessee.[8][9]
See also
- Trailer tail, another type of EPA-verified aerodynamic device for trucks
References
- ↑ "Verified Aerodynamic Technologies". SmartWay Technology: About the SmartWay Technology Program. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/smartway/forpartners/technology.htm.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Trailer skirts: A proven fuel-saver". trucknews.com (Business Information Group). http://www.trucknews.com/products/trailer-skirts-a-proven-fuel-saver.
- ↑ "New Aerodynamic Trailer Skirt Technology Introduced". Trucking Info. March 26, 2013. http://www.truckinginfo.com/channel/drivers/product/detail/2013/03/new-aerodynamic-trailer-skirt-technology-introduc.aspx.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Trailer side skirts". On the Road to a fuel-efficient truck: A Guide for Purchasing Aerodynamics for Heavy-Duty Tractors and Trailers. Natural Resources Canada. September 2009. http://fleetsmart.nrcan.gc.ca/index.cfm?fuseaction=rfet.5.
- ↑ Wood, Richard (September 24, 2012). "EPA Smartway Verification of Trailer Undercarriage Advanced Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Technology". SAE International. http://papers.sae.org/2012-01-2043/.
- ↑ "Aerodynamic Truck Trailer Cuts Fuel And Emissions By Up To 15 Percent". Science Daily. April 22, 2008. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080417105446.htm.
- ↑ Dunn, Jill (September 8, 2014). "Study: Fuel efficiency efforts pay off for carriers". Commercial Carrier Journal – Fleet Management Magazine. Randall-Reilly. http://www.ccjdigital.com/study-fuel-efficiency-efforts-pay-off-for-carriers/.
- ↑ "KPD names driver killed by flying metal piece from tractor-trailer". https://www.wbir.com/article/news/local/kpd-names-driver-killed-by-flying-metal-piece-from-tractor-trailer/51-606500165.
- ↑ "Fleets Adopt Trailer Fuel-Efficiency Tech as Federal Rules Stall". August 29, 2018. https://www.trucks.com/2018/08/29/fleets-adopt-trailer-fuel-efficiency-tech/.
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