Earth:Chichinales Formation

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Short description: Geological formation in Argentina
Chichinales Formation
Stratigraphic range: Chattian-Burdigalian
(Deseadan-Colhuehuapian)
~23–17.5 Ma
UnderliesEl Palo Formation
OverliesRoca Formation
Thickness90 m (300 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, mudstone
OtherLimestone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] 39°06′S 67°48′W / 39.1°S 67.8°W / -39.1; -67.8
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 39°48′S 62°12′W / 39.8°S 62.2°W / -39.8; -62.2
RegionRío Negro Province
Country Argentina
ExtentNeuquén Basin
Type section
Named forChichinales

The Chichinales Formation is a geological formation in Río Negro Province, Argentina which dates from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, around 23 to 17.5 million years ago. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Chichinales Formation, including a variety of turtles and birds, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates (notoungulates and litopterns) as well as armadillos, and caviomorph rodents.[1][2]

It is named after the type locality and extends over a large part of the province of Río Negro. It outcrops in the valle de Río Negro, in the towns of General Roca, Río Negro and Villa Regina, bordering the southern bank of the Río Negro. Part of the most important outcrops are located within the Paso Córdova Natural Protected Area.[2]

The Chichinales Formation, broadly speaking, is made up of grayish sandstones, whitish tuffs, siltstones and greenish claystones with paleo soil levels. It is divided into 3 members: lower, middle and upper. The lower one is composed of grayish brown sandstones with low-angle cross bedding, alternating with light brown tuffs, tuffaceous sandstones, sandstones with carbonate cement and shales. In this member, the presence of "opalized" fossil logs is common. The middle member is formed by paleosols and sequences of siltstones, shales and fine sands that in some sectors form lenses in the form of fluvial channels. Finally, the upper member is represented by more homogeneous levels of tuffs, whitish gray tuffites, siltstones, green claystones and tuffaceous sandstones This member, in some sectors, is laterally interdigitated with marginal marine levels of the Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, which dates from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pliocene.[3][4] The Chichinales Formation is correlated with the contemporaneous fluvial and lacustrine tuffaceous Collón Curá Formation of the central Neuquén Basin.[5]

The sedimentological and paleontological evidence provided by the Chichinales Formation suggests the existence of open environments with low relief, restricted wooded areas with temporary water bodies and warm temperate climate, in agreement with other Colhuehuapian localities of Chubut Province. In this context, it is possible to interpret, at least tentatively, that the differences between the set of taxa represented in the Cerro Bandera Formation and those of the Chichinales Formation are due to contrasts between the local environmental conditions of each unit rather than to differences in temporal range. It is likely that such differences are the result of the particular conditions that prevailed in the Neuquén region during the Early Miocene, which would be a consequence of its proximity to the Andean zone rather than its latitudinal location.[6]

Paleoflora

Name Species Member/Locality Material Notes Image
N. menendezii

Paleofauna

Reptiles

Lepidosaurs

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Callopistes[7] C. rionegrensis

Crocodylomorphs

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Crocodyliformes indet.[8] Currently undescribed Isolated fragment of the posterior region of the skull roof.

Testudines

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Chelonoidis[9] C. cf. gringorum
Geochelone G. sp.

Birds

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Charadriiformes indet.[10] Currently undescribed
Opisthodactylus[10] O. horacioperezi
Patagorhacos[10] P. terrificus
Phorusrhacidae indet.[1] Currently undescribed Distal extremity of tibiotarsus

Mammals

Meridiungulates

Name Species Material Notes Image
Cochilius[10] C. volvens An interatheriid
Cochilius volvens.jpg
Colpodon[1] C. sp. Several maxillary remains
Cramauchenia[1] C. sp. A macraucheniid
Cramauchenia insolita.jpg
Hegetotheriopsis[11] H. sulcatus A hegetotheriid
Hegetotherium[11][1] H. sp.
Hegetotherium.svg
Interatheriidae indet. Currently undescribed Mandibular and maxillary fragment
Mesotheriidae indet.[12] Currently undescribed
Proterotheriidae indet.[1] Currently undescribed Maxillary and mandibular fragment
Protypotherium[1] P. sp. An interatheriid
Protypotherium australe.jpg
Toxodontidae indet.[1] Currently undescribed Left and right mandibular fragments with incomplete series of teeth

Xenarthrans

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Glyptodontinae indet. Currently undescribed
Proeutatus[1] P. sp. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XI) (7005553277) (cropped).jpg
Stenotatus[1] cf. S. sp.

Rodents

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Australoprocta[13] A. fleaglei
Caviocricetus[13] C. lucasi
Echimyidae indet.[1] Currently undescribed
Eoviscaccia[13] E. australis
Octodontoidea indet.[13] Currently undescribed
Willidewu[13][14] W. esteparius

Metatherians

Name Species Member Material Notes Image
Cladosictis[1] C. cf. patagonica Complete right maxillary fragment
Cladosictis.jpg

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Barrio, Claudio; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Goin, Francisco J. (1989). "Litogénesis y antigüedad de la Formación Chichinales de Paso Córdoba (Río Negro, Argentina)". Actas, IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Mendoza 4: 149–156. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284902990. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vincenty, Lorena (2020-08-30). "Por qué en la Formación Chichinales se rastrea el origen de la Patagonia" (in es). https://www.rionegro.com.ar/por-que-en-la-formacion-chichinales-se-rastrea-el-origen-de-la-patagonia-1480806/. 
  3. ↑ Hugo, Carlos A.; Leanza, Héctor A. (2001). "Hoja Geológica 3966-III - Villa Regina". Boletín Nº 309 Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales - Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. ISSN 0328-2333. https://repositorio.segemar.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/308849217/196/VILLA%20REGINA%203966-III%20texto.pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y. 
  4. ↑ Huyghe, Damien; Bonnel, Cédric; Nivière, Bertrand; Fasentieux, Bertrand; Hervouët, Yves (2015-09-02). "Neogene tectonostratigraphic history of the southern Neuquén basin (39°–40°30′S, Argentina): implications for foreland basin evolution" (in en). Basin Research 27 (5): 613–635. doi:10.1111/bre.12091. ISSN 1365-2117. https://www.earthdoc.org/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12091. 
  5. ↑ Rodríguez, María F.; Leanza, Héctor A.; Salvarredy Aranguren, Matías (2007). Hoja Geológica 3969-II, NEUQUÉN, provincias del Neuquén, Río Negro y La Pampa 1:250,000. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales. pp. 1–165. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263009433. Retrieved 2019-02-23. 
  6. ↑ Kramarz, Alejandro; Garrido, Alberto; Forasiepi, Analía; Bond, Mariano; Tambussi, Claudia (2005). "Stratigraphy and vertebrates (Aves and Mammalia) from the Cerro Bandera Formation, Early Miocene of Neuquén Province, Argentina.". Revista Geológica de Chile 32 (2). doi:10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006. http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V32n2-a06/html.  CC-BY icon.svg Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License
  7. ↑ Quadros, Ana B.; Chafrat, Pablo; Zaher, Hussam (2018-07-04). "A new teiid lizard of the genus Callopistes Gravenhorst, 1838 (Squamata, Teiidae), from the Lower Miocene of Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (4): (1)–(18). doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1484754. ISSN 0272-4634. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1484754. 
  8. ↑ Lio, Gabriel; Agnolin, Federico; Chimento, Nicolás Roberto; Chafrat, Pablo Anselmo (2019). "The youngest crocodyliform record from Patagonia (Chichinales Formation, Early Miocene)". Brazilian Geographical Journal: Geosciences and Humanities Research Medium 8 (2): 136–143. ISSN 2179-2321. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/130342. 
  9. ↑ De Broin, F; De la Fuente, M. (1993). "Les tortues fossiles d'Argentine:synthèse". Les tortues fossiles d'Argentine: Synthèse 79 (3): 169–232. ISSN 0753-3969. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257696635. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Federico L. Agnolin and Pablo Chafrat (2015). "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina". Annales de Paléontologie 101 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273206896. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013). "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia" (in es). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 30 (1): 186–195. ISSN 1026-8774. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1026-87742013000100013&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es. 
  12. ↑ Paz, E. Rodrigo; Kramarz, Alejandro; Bond, Mariano (2011). "Mesotheriid (Mammalia, Notoungulata) Remains from the Colhuehuapian Beds (Early Miocene) of Chichinales Formation, Río Negro Province, Argentina". Ameghiniana 48 (2): 264–269. doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i2(242). ISSN 0002-7014. https://bioone.org/journals/ameghiniana/volume-48/issue-2/AMGH.v48i2_242_/Mesotheriid-Mammalia-Notoungulata-Remains-from-the-Colhuehuapian-Beds-Early-Miocene/10.5710/AMGH.v48i2(242).full. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Madden, Richard H.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Vucetich, Maria Guiomar; Kay, Richard F. (2010-06-17). "Colhuehuapian rodents from Gran Barranca and other Patagonian localities: the state of the art." (in en). The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change Through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87241-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=oY7wkK6lV4cC&q=Colhuehuapian+rodents+from+Gran+Barranca+and+other+Patagonian+localities%3A+the+state+of+the+art.&pg=PA206. 
  14. ↑ Vucetich, María Guiomar; Verzi, Diego H. (1991) (in es). Un nuevo Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) de la edad Colhuehuapense de Patagonia y consideraciones Sobre la sistemática de la familia. 28. pp. 67–74. ISSN 1851-8044. https://ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/2028. 



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