Abkhazia–Russia relations

Abkhazia–Russia relations (Russian: Российско-абхазские отношения) is the bilateral relationship between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Russian Federation. Russia recognised Abkhazia on 26 August 2008, following the August 2008 South Ossetia war. Abkhazia and Russia established diplomatic relations on 9 September 2008.

Background

Russian recognition of Abkhazia

Dmitry Medvedev announcing that he has signed decrees recognising independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (in Russian) Transcript in English.]]

On 21 August 2008, the same day as a similar event in South Ossetia, a rally was held in Sukhum at which an estimated 47,000—50,000 people appealed to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and the Russian Federal Assembly for official recognition of their independence as a sovereign state. On 25 August 2008 President of Abkhazia Sergei Bagapsh made a presentation to the Federation Council of Russia. In his address to the Council, Bagapsh stated "I can say for certain that Abkhazia and South Ossetia will never be part of Georgia." After hearing the appeals from both the Abkhazian and South Ossetian leadership, on 25 August 2008 the Federation Council and State Duma passed motions calling upon President Medvedev to recognise the independence of the two regions and to establish diplomatic relations with them.

On 26 August 2008, President Medvedev signed ukazes recognising the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia In his address to the Russian nation, Medvedev noted that he was guided by the provisions of the UN Charter, the 1970 Declaration on the Principles of International Law Governing Friendly Relations Between States, the CSCE Helsinki Final Act of 1975 and other fundamental international instruments in issuing the decree, and further stated, "(t)his is not an easy choice to make, but it represents the only possibility to save human lives." Sergei Bagapsh responded to the Russian recognition by saying "(t)his is the century-long dream of the people of Abkhazia made reality."

The Russian recognition was condemned by the European Union, United States, NATO, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, amongst others, with some calling for Russia to rescind its recognition. Many high level Russian politicians including Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Deputy Prime Minister Sergey Ivanov, Chairman of the State Duma Boris Gryzlov, Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov, Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations Vitaly Churkin and Permanent Representative of Russia to NATO Dmitry Rogozin, rejected the criticism, and have stated that Russian recognition of Abkhazia is irreversible. In an interview to Vesti in August 2009, Sergey Lavrov stated that Russian recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia was not planned when the 2008 war began.

As a result of the Russian recognition of Abkhazian and South Ossetian independence, Georgia severed diplomatic relations with Russia on 29 August 2008, and declared that it regards South Ossetia and Abkhazia as occupied territories.

Bilateral relationship

Diplomatic ties

Igor Akhba, the first Abkhazian Ambassador to Russia, presents his Letters of Credence to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 16 January 2009.

Russia and Abkhazia established diplomatic relations at embassy level on 9 September 2008, when Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Abkhaz Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Shamba exchanged notes at the Russian Foreign Ministry in Moscow.

On 25 September 2008, President Medvedev sign an ukaz appointing the first Russian Ambassador to Abkhazia, Semyon Grigoriyev, who presented his Letters of Credence to Abkhaz President Sergei Bagapsh on 16 December 2008. Igor Akhba, the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Republic of Abkhazia to Russia was appointed by Sergei Bagapsh as Abkhazia's first ambassador to Russia on 14 November 2008. Akhba presented his credentials to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 16 January 2009.

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin issued a directive to set up a Russian embassy in Abkhazia in 2009. On 1 May 2009, Russia's embassy to Abkhazia was opened in Sukhumi.

Russia plans on opening up a trade mission in Abkhazia in order to ease access to the local economy for Russian businesses.

In March 2009, Abkhazian President Sergei Bagapsh told the Vice President of the International Crisis Group that his republic had no plans to become a part of Russia and that his administration was "building an independent, legal, and democratic state."

List of treaties and agreements

Signed:		Ratified by Abkhazia:		Ratified by Russia:		Treaty:	Notes:
30 April 2009						Cooperation agreement on the protection of state borders
		8 May 2012				Agreement on the procedure of the pension schemes for Internal Affairs officials
		8 May 2012				Cooperation agreement on disaster prevention and management
12 August 2009		15 June 2012				Agreement to assist the Republic of Abkhazia in its socio-economic development
17 February 2010				6 October 2011		Agreement on a joint Russian military base in Abkhazia	Valid for 49 years, automatically renewable for 15-year periods
26 April 2011		15 June 2012				Agreement on the establishment of informatory-cultural centres and the conditions governing their activities
28 May 2012						Agreement on the trade of goods	Abolishes import duties on most products, immediately for Russia, from 1 January 2015 onwards for Abkhazia

See also

• Foreign relations of Abkhazia
• Foreign relations of Russia

External links

• Abkhazia–Russia relations (Original source)

• (in Russian) Documents on the Abkhazia–Russia relationship from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs