Biology:Episinus

From HandWiki
(Redirected from Biology:Penictis)
Short description: Genus of spiders

Episinus
Temporal range: Palaeogene– Present
Episinus angulatus.jpg
Episinus angulatus
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Episinus
Walckenaer, 1809[1]
Type species
E. truncatus
Latreille, 1809
Species

47, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Episinopsis Simon, 1894[2]
  • Hyocrea Simon, 1894[2]
  • Hyptimorpha Strand, 1906[2]
  • Penictis Simon, 1894[2]
  • Plocamis Simon, 1894[2]

Episinus is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1809.[3]

They can grow up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long.[3]

Species

(As of September 2022) it contains forty-seven species and one subspecies, found worldwide:[1]

  • E. affinis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906India , Russia (Far East), Korea, Taiwan, Japan
  • E. algiricus Lucas, 1846 – Portugal, Spain , France , Italy, Northwest Africa, Malta?
  • E. amoenus Banks, 1911 – USA, Mexico
  • E. angulatus (Blackwall, 1836)Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Central Asia
  • E. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880New Zealand
  • E. baoshanensis Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019China
  • E. bilineatus Simon, 1894South Africa
  • E. bimucronatus (Simon, 1895) – Venezuela
  • E. bishopi (Lessert, 1929)Congo
  • E. bonjovi Lin & Li, 2021 – China
  • E. cavernicola (Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Slovenia
  • E. chikunii Yoshida, 1985 – Japan
  • E. emanus Levi, 1964 – Panama
  • E. fontinalis Levy, 1985Israel
  • E. garisus Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil
  • E. gibbus Zhu & Wang, 1995 – China
  • E. hickmani Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
  • E. immundus (Keyserling, 1884) – Peru, Brazil
  • E. implexus (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela
  • E. israeliensis Levy, 1985 – Israel
  • E. jiangweni Lin & Li, 2021 – China
  • E. kitazawai Yaginuma, 1958 – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan
  • E. longabdomenus Zhu, 1998 – China
  • E. macrops Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea, Congo
  • E. maculipes Cavanna, 1876 – Europe, Algeria, Turkey, Caucasus
  • E. maderianus Kulczyński, 1905 – Canary Is., Madeira
  • E. makiharai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan
  • E. marignaci (Lessert, 1933) – Angola
  • E. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • E. mikhailovi Zamani & Marusik, 2021 – Iran
  • E. mucronatus (Simon, 1894)Singapore
  • E. nanyue Yin, 2012 – China
  • E. nubilus Yaginuma, 1960 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is.
  • E. pentagonalis Chakrabarti, 2013 – India
  • E. porteri (Simon, 1901)Chile , Argentina
  • E. punctisparsus Yoshida, 1983 – Taiwan
  • E. rhomboidalis (Simon, 1895) – Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore
  • E. similanus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
  • E. similitudus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
  • E. taibeli Caporiacco, 1949 – Ethiopia
  • E. theridioides Simon, 1873 – Spain, France (mainland, Corsica), Italy (Sardinia)
  • E. tongyani Lin & Li, 2021 – China
  • E. truncatus Latreille, 1809 (type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran
  • E. typicus (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • E. variacorneus Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992 – China
  • E. xiushanicus Zhu, 1998 – China
  • E. yoshidai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan


Formerly included:

  • E. bicorniger (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. bicornis (Thorell, 1881) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. bicruciatus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. bifrons (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. caudifer Dönitz & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. coercerveus Roberts, 1978 (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. conifer (Urquhart, 1886) (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. erythrophthalmus (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. gratiosus Bryant, 1940 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
  • E. longipes Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
  • E. luteolimbatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. malachinus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. marginatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. minusculus Gertsch, 1936 (Transferred to Chrosiothes)
  • E. mirabilis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. modestus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. nebulosus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. ocreatus (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. paiki Seo, 1985 (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. pictus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. recifensis Levi, 1964 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
  • E. salobrensis (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. spinigeroides Zhu & Song, 1992 (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. tanikawai Yoshida, 1991 (Transferred to Moneta)
  • E. taprobanicus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
  • E. yoshimurai Yoshida, 1983 (Transferred to Moneta)


Nomen dubium

  • E. americanus Nicolet, 1849

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Gen. Episinus Walckenaer, 1809". Natural History Museum Bern. 2022. doi:10.24436/2. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3481. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127: 20. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Latreille, P. A. (1809). Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Paris 4. pp. 370–371. 

Wikidata ☰ Q389793 entry