Biology:Phoroncidia

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Phoroncidia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by J. O. Westwood in 1835.[1]

Description

See also: Biology:Glossary of spider terms

Males measure 1 to 4.5 mm, while females range from 1.3 to 8.5 mm.[2]

The carapace has an eye region projecting above the clypeus. The chelicerae are small with a pair of strong hairs. The abdomen varies in shape, being heavily sclerotized and often leathery, with pronounced folds or humps or with strong spines, tubercles, or extensions. A sclerotized ring surrounds the spinnerets.[2]

The legs are short, with the fourth leg usually longer than the first.[2]

Species

As of October 2025, this genus includes 83 species and one subspecies:[3]

  • Phoroncidia aciculata Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
  • Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835 – India, China (type species)
  • Phoroncidia alishanensis Chen, 1990 – Taiwan
  • Phoroncidia altiventris Yoshida, 1985 – Korea, Japan
  • Phoroncidia alveolata (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
  • Phoroncidia ambatolahy Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
  • Phoroncidia americana (Emerton, 1882) – Canada, United States, Cuba, Jamaica
  • Phoroncidia argoides (Doleschall, 1857) – Indonesia (Ambon)
  • Phoroncidia aurata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 – Madagascar
  • Phoroncidia bifrons (Simon, 1895) – Philippines
  • Phoroncidia biocellata (Simon, 1893) – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia bukolana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • Phoroncidia capensis (Simon, 1895) – South Africa
  • Phoroncidia chelys (L. Koch, 1872) – Fiji
  • Phoroncidia cibagou Gan, Mi & Wang, 2025 – China
  • Phoroncidia concave Yin & Xu, 2012 – China
  • Phoroncidia coracina (Simon, 1899) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • Phoroncidia cribrata (Simon, 1893) – Paraguay
  • Phoroncidia crustula Zhu, 1998 – China (Hainan)
  • Phoroncidia cygnea (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
  • Phoroncidia dino Vanuytven, 2022 – Papua New Guinea
  • Phoroncidia eburnea (Simon, 1895) – South Africa, Eswatini
  • Phoroncidia ellenbergeri Berland, 1913 – Gabon
  • Phoroncidia escalerai (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
  • Phoroncidia flavolimbata (Simon, 1893) – Ecuador
  • Phoroncidia floripara Gao & Li, 2014 – China
  • Phoroncidia fumosa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia gayi (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia gira Levi, 1964 – Venezuela
  • Phoroncidia hankiewiczi (Kulczyński, 1911) – Portugal, Spain, France
  • Phoroncidia hexacantha Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • Phoroncidia jacobsoni (Reimoser, 1925) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • Phoroncidia kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910) – Kenya, Tanzania
    • P. k. concolor (Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya
  • Phoroncidia levii Chrysanthus, 1963 – Indonesia (New Guinea)
  • Phoroncidia longiceps (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia lygeana (Walckenaer, 1841) – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo)
  • Phoroncidia maindroni (Simon, 1905) – India
  • Phoroncidia minlangi Lin & Li, 2023 – China
  • Phoroncidia minuta (Spassky, 1932) – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran
  • Phoroncidia moyobamba Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil
  • Phoroncidia musiva (Simon, 1880) – New Caledonia
  • Phoroncidia nasuta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan
  • Phoroncidia nicoleti (Roewer, 1942) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia nicoleti Levi, 1964 – Chile
  • Phoroncidia oahuensis (Simon, 1900) – Hawaii
  • Phoroncidia paradoxa (Lucas, 1846) – Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey
  • Phoroncidia pennata (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia personata (L. Koch, 1872) – Samoa
  • Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) – Georgia, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
  • Phoroncidia pilula (Simon, 1895) – Tanzania (Zanzibar)
  • Phoroncidia piratini Rodrigues & Marques, 2010 – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia pukeiwa (Marples, 1955) – New Zealand
  • Phoroncidia puketoru (Marples, 1955) – New Zealand
  • Phoroncidia puyehue Levi, 1967 – Chile
  • Phoroncidia quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) – New Zealand
  • Phoroncidia ravot Levi, 1964 – Venezuela
  • Phoroncidia reimoseri Levi, 1964 – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia roseleviorum Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
  • Phoroncidia rotunda (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland, Lord Howe Is.), Samoa
  • Phoroncidia rubens Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon
  • Phoroncidia rubroargentea Berland, 1913 – Madagascar
  • Phoroncidia rubromaculata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 1979 – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
  • Phoroncidia saboya Levi, 1964 – Colombia
  • Phoroncidia scutellata (Taczanowski, 1879) – Peru
  • Phoroncidia scutula (Nicolet, 1849) – Bolivia, Chile
  • Phoroncidia septemaculeata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
  • Phoroncidia sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland)
  • Phoroncidia sjostedti Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • Phoroncidia spissa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia splendida Thorell, 1899 – West Africa
  • Phoroncidia studo Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil
  • Phoroncidia testudo (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – India, Sri Lanka
  • Phoroncidia thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka
  • Phoroncidia tina Levi, 1964 – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) – Brazil
  • Phoroncidia trituberculata (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
  • Phoroncidia triunfo Levi, 1964 – Mexico to Costa Rica
  • Phoroncidia truncatula (Strand, 1909) – South Africa
  • Phoroncidia umbrosa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia variabilis (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • Phoroncidia vatoharanana Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
  • Phoroncidia wrightae Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar

Formerly included:

  • P. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) (Transferred to Dipoena)
  • P. sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Chrosiothes)

Nomen dubium

  • P. quadrispinella Strand, 1907

See also

References

  1. ↑ Westwood, J. O. (1835). "Insectorum Arachnoidumque novorum Decades duo". The Zoological Journal 5: 440–453. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N. (2021). The Theridiidae of South Africa. Part 1 A-P. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide. p. 54. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7515890.  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  3. ↑ "Gen. Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835". World Spider Catalog. doi:10.24436/2. https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3523. Retrieved 2025-10-03. 

Further reading

  • Nicolet, H. (1849), "Aracnidos", in Gay, C., Historia física y política de Chile 
  • Simon, E (1894) (in fr). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973. 

Wikidata ☰ Q5250450 entry



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