Biology:Phoroncidia

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Short description: Genus of spiders

Phoroncidia
Phoroncidia.ryukyuensis.male.-.tanikawa.jpg
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Phoroncidia
Westwood, 1835[1]
Type species
P. aculeata
Westwood, 1835
Species

79, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Sudabe Karsch, 1879[2]
  • Trithena Simon, 1867[2]
  • Ulesanis L. Koch, 1872[2]
  • Wibrada Keyserling, 1886[3]

Phoroncidia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by J. O. Westwood in 1835.[4]

Species

(As of May 2020) it contains seventy-nine species and one subspecies, found worldwide:[1]

  • P. aciculata Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
  • P. aculeata Westwood, 1835 (type) – India , China
  • P. alishanensis Chen, 1990 – Taiwan
  • P. altiventris Yoshida, 1985Japan
  • P. alveolata (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
  • P. ambatolahy Kariko, 2014Madagascar
  • P. americana (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada , Cuba, Jamaica
  • P. argoides (Doleschall, 1857) – Indonesia (Ambon)
  • P. aurata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 – Madagascar
  • P. bifrons (Simon, 1895)Philippines
  • P. biocellata (Simon, 1893)Brazil
  • P. bukolana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • P. capensis (Simon, 1895)South Africa
  • P. concave Yin & Xu, 2012 – China
  • P. coracina (Simon, 1899) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • P. cribrata (Simon, 1893) – Paraguay
  • P. crustula Zhu, 1998 – China
  • P. cygnea (Hickman, 1951)Australia (Tasmania)
  • P. eburnea (Simon, 1895) – South Africa
  • P. ellenbergeri Berland, 1913 – Gabon
  • P. escalerai (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea
  • P. flavolimbata (Simon, 1893) – Ecuador
  • P. floripara Gao & Li, 2014 – China
  • P. fumosa (Nicolet, 1849)Chile
  • P. gayi (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • P. gira Levi, 1964 – Venezuela
  • P. hankiewiczi (Kulczyński, 1911) – Portugal, Spain , France
  • P. hexacantha Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • P. jacobsoni (Reimoser, 1925) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • P. kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910)East Africa
    • Phoroncidia k. concolor (Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya
  • P. levii Chrysanthus, 1963 – New Guinea
  • P. longiceps (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • P. lygeana (Walckenaer, 1841) – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo)
  • P. maindroni (Simon, 1905) – India
  • P. minuta (Spassky, 1932)Georgia, Azerbaijan
  • P. moyobamba Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil
  • P. musiva (Simon, 1880)New Caledonia
  • P. nasuta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan
  • P. nicoleti (Roewer, 1942) – Chile
  • P. nicoleti Levi, 1964 – Chile
  • P. oahuensis (Simon, 1900) – Hawaii
  • P. paradoxa (Lucas, 1846)Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey
  • P. pennata (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • P. personata (L. Koch, 1872) – Samoa, Fiji, Australia (Lord Howe Is.)
  • P. pilula (Karsch, 1879) – Georgia, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
  • P. pilula (Simon, 1895) – Tanzania (Zanzibar)
  • P. piratini Rodrigues & Marques, 2010 – Brazil
  • P. pukeiwa (Marples, 1955)New Zealand
  • P. puketoru (Marples, 1955) – New Zealand
  • P. puyehue Levi, 1967 – Chile
  • P. quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) – New Zealand
  • P. ravot Levi, 1964 – Venezuela
  • P. reimoseri Levi, 1964 – Brazil
  • P. roseleviorum Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
  • P. rotunda (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland, Lord Howe Is.), Samoa
  • P. rubens Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon
  • P. rubroargentea Berland, 1913 – Madagascar
  • P. rubromaculata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil
  • P. ryukyuensis Yoshida, 1979 – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
  • P. saboya Levi, 1964 – Colombia
  • P. scutellata (Taczanowski, 1879) – Peru
  • P. scutula (Nicolet, 1849) – Bolivia, Chile
  • P. septemaculeata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
  • P. sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland)
  • P. sjostedti Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • P. spissa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • P. splendida Thorell, 1899West Africa
  • P. studo Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil
  • P. testudo (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – India, Sri Lanka
  • P. thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka
  • P. tina Levi, 1964 – Brazil
  • P. tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) – Brazil
  • P. trituberculata (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania)
  • P. triunfo Levi, 1964 – Mexico to Costa Rica
  • P. truncatula (Strand, 1909) – South Africa
  • P. umbrosa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • P. variabilis (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • P. vatoharanana Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
  • P. wrightae Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar

Formerly included:

  • P. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) (Transferred to Dipoena)
  • P. sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Chrosiothes)

Nomen dubium

  • P. quadrispinella Strand, 1907

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Gen. Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835". Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3523. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127: 29. 
  3. Levi, H. W. (1964). "American spiders of the genus Phoroncidia (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 131: 72. 
  4. Westwood, J. O. (1835). "Insectorum Arachnoidumque novorum Decades duo". The Zoological Journal 5: 440–453. 

Further reading

  • Nicolet, H. (1849), "Aracnidos", in Gay, C., Historia física y política de Chile 
  • Simon, E (1894) (in fr). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973. 

Wikidata ☰ Q5250450 entry