Engineering:Orión (rocket)
 Orión-1 sounding rocket | |
| Country of origin | Argentina |
|---|---|
| Date | 1965 |
| Designer | Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronauticas y Espaciales |
| Status | Retired |
| sounding rocket | |
Orión was the designation of a sounding rocket of Argentina ,[1] which was launched between 1965 and 1971 at CELPA, Mar Chiquita, Tartagal and Wallops Island.[2]
Developed by the Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronauticas y Espaciales (IIAE),[3] Orión marked Argentina's entry into the club of space-faring nations with a flight on 13 August 1966 that reached an apogee of 114 km surpassing the Kármán line.[4]
The first version Orión-1 was flown twice in 1965 and 1966 in order to test the engines and technologies; with a length of 3.00 m (9.84 ft) it was limited to a 10-kilogram (22 lb) payload.[5]
The Orión-2 had a gross takeoff mass of 100 kg (220 lb) and could carry a 25-kilogram (55 lb) payload. Its dimensions were 3.77 m (12.4 ft) in length and 0.21 m (8.3 in) in diameter. It could reach a ceiling of 160 km (99 mi).[6] In November 1966, three tests took place.[7] The production version was launched 22 times from 1966 to 1971.[6][2]
Launches
Table of Orion launches:[4]
| Date | Launch Site | Launch Vehicle | Mission Type | Apogee |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 October 1 | CELPA | Orion-1 | Test mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 May 19 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Test mission | 100 km (60 mi) |
| 1966 July 1 | CELPA | Orion-1 | Test mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 August 13 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Test mission | 114 km (70 mi) |
| 1966 September 1 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Test mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 November 4 | Wallops Island | Orion-2 | Test mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 November 7 | Wallops Island | Orion-2 | Failure | 0 km (0 mi) |
| 1966 November 9 | Wallops Island | Orion-2 | Test mission | 82 km (50 mi) |
| 1966 November 12 | Tartagal | Orion-2 | Eclipse mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 November 12 | Tartagal | Orion-2 | Eclipse mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1966 November 12 | Tartagal | Orion-2 | Eclipse mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1967 May 19 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Rat payload | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1967 September 6 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Aeronomy mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1967 September 7 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Aeronomy mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1967 September 7 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Aeronomy mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1967 December 14 | CELPA | Orion-2 | X-ray astronomy mission | 35 km (21 mi) |
| 1967 December 16 | CELPA | Orion-2 | X-ray astronomy mission | 70 km (43 mi) |
| 1968 January 24 | Mar Chiquita | Orion-2 | Chemical release mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1968 November 27 | Mar Chiquita | Orion-2 | Chaff | 56 km (34 mi) |
| 1969 May 28 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Biological mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1969 August 30 | CELPA | Orion-2 | X-ray astronomy mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1969 August 30 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Biological mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1970 May 3 | Mar Chiquita | Orion-2 | Chemical release/fields mission | 90 km (55 mi) |
| 1971 December 19 | CELPA | Orion-2 | Test mission | 106 km (65 mi) |
References
- ↑ NASA Sounding Rockets, 1958 - 1968: A Historical Summary. Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1971. https://books.google.com/books?id=BIQ9AQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Orión-1 /-2". Gunter's space page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/orion_arg.htm.
- ↑ Argentina. Secretaría de Difusión y Turismo. 1970. https://books.google.com/books?id=kNdxAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "IIAE Orion". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com//i/iiaeorion.html. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ↑ "Orion-1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/o/orion-1.html. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Orion-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/o/orion-1.html. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ↑ SP-4401 - NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968: A Historical Summary.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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