File:The Cenotaph of Drusus (Drususstein), an empty tomb raised by Roman troops in 9 AD in honour of the deceased general Drusus, Mogontiacum (Mainz) (9739245693).jpg
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Summary
DescriptionThe Cenotaph of Drusus (Drususstein), an empty tomb raised by Roman troops in 9 AD in honour of the deceased general Drusus, Mogontiacum (Mainz) (9739245693).jpg |
The Drususstein (Drususstone) is a nearly 20 meters high, masonry block of Roman origin on the grounds of the citadel of Mainz, Germany. It was originally cast in marble. Researchers now largely accept that this is the structural remnant of the cenotaph mentioned by writers like Eutropius and Suetonius, erected in 9 BC by Roman troops in honour of the deceased general Drusus, in Mogontiacum (now Mainz). During the early days of the Principate the Drususstein was the starting point for elaborate memorial services in honour of Drusus, and the centre of the imperial cult in Mogontiacum. After being robbed of its marble casing in the early Middle Ages, it served as a watchtower in the fortifications of the city in the 16th century. For that purpose a staircase and doorframe were made in the structure, which had been up to that point a massive building. Besides the pillars of aqueducts and the stage of the theatre, the Drususstein is one of the few remaining visible reminders of Roman Mogontiacum. Together with the Column of Igel, it is the only funerary monument north of the Alps dating from antiquity that remains in its original location. The Roman general Drusus, stepson of Augustus, founded the legionary camp of Mogontiacum opposite the mouth of the Main, no later than 13/12 BC. It was intended to serve as a strategic starting point for the conquest of Magna Germania. During the campaign in 9 BC Drusus died. His brother Tiberius and the Roman army returned his body back to Mogontiacum. Before the transfer of the body to Rome, the soldiers honoured their popular commander with a memorial ceremony. During this time the apparently spontaneous wish arose among the soldiers to erect a monument to permanently honour Drusus in Mogontiacum. Appropriate construction activities were probably already ongoing in the immediate vicinity of the legionary camp, as Augustus approved the project retroactively. As a special tribute to Drusus Augustus himself wrote a grave inscription (Elogium) which was attached to the cenotaph. With this the building was completed, of which the remains are now known as the Drususstein. |
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Source |
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Author | Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 28 December 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
some value
5 September 2013
0.004 second
18 millimetre
125
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 11:58, 28 December 2013 | 3,264 × 4,928 (8.54 MB) | imagescommonswiki>File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | Transferred from Flickr by User:Marcus Cyron |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D5100 |
Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F Number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 125 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:52, 5 September 2013 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Orientation | Rotated 90° CCW |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.01 |
File change date and time | 11:52, 5 September 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:52, 5 September 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.7 APEX (f/3.61) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 30 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 30 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 30 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 27 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |