View source for Astronomy:(594913) 2020 AV2

{{short description|First known asteroid of the Vatira population}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(594913) 2020 AV|2}}}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = {{mp|(594913) 2020 AV|2}}
 | background      = #FFC2E0
 | image           = Asteroid 2020 AV2.jpg
 | image_size      = 250
 | caption         = Long-exposure composite image of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} (center)
 | discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/>
 | discoverer      = [[Organization:Zwicky Transient Facility|Zwicky Transient Facility]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
 | discovered      = 4 January 2020
 | mpc_name        = (594913) {{mp|2020 AV|2}}
 | alt_names       = {{mp|2020 AV|2}}{{·}}ZTF09k5
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = 
 | mp_category     = [[Astronomy:Vatira asteroid|Vatira]]<ref name="Greenstreet2012"/>{{·}}[[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|Atira]]<ref name="jpldata"/>{{·}}[[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|NEO]]<ref name="jpldata"/>
 | orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata"/>
 | epoch           = 1 July 2021 ([[Astronomy:Julian day|JD]] 2459396.5)
 | uncertainty     = 2
 | observation_arc = 1.67 yr (609 days)
 | earliest_precovery_date = 
 | aphelion        = 0.6538 [[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 0.4571 AU
 | semimajor       = 0.5554 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.17701
 | period          = 0.41 yr (151.2 d)
 | mean_anomaly    = 85.295[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|2.380951|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 15.868°
 | asc_node        = 6.706°
 | arg_peri        = 187.330°
 | moid            = 0.34694 AU
 | mercury_moid    = 0.06561 AU
 | venus_moid      = 0.07896 AU
 | mean_diameter   = {{val|1.5|1.1|0.6|ul=km}}<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>
 | rotation        = 
 | albedo          = 0.22 {{small|(assumed for S-type asteroids)}}<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>
 | spectral_type   = [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|Sa]]<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>
 | magnitude       = 18.0<ref name="NEODyS"/>
 | abs_magnitude   = {{val|16.17|0.78}}<ref name="jpldata"/>
 | temp_name1      = (approx)<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>
 | min_temp_1      = {{val|330|ul=K}}
 | mean_temp_1     = {{val|350|u=K}}<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>
 | max_temp_1      = {{val|395|u=K}}
}}

'''{{mp|(594913) 2020 AV|2}}''', ''provisionally designated'': {{mp|2020 AV|2}}, is a large [[Astronomy:Near-Earth asteroid|near-Earth asteroid]] discovered by the [[Organization:Zwicky Transient Facility|Zwicky Transient Facility]] on 4 January 2020. It is the first asteroid discovered to have an orbit completely within [[Astronomy:Venus|Venus]]'s orbit, and is thus the first and only known member of the inner-Venusian provisionally-named Vatira<ref name="Greenstreet2012" /> population of [[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|Atira-class asteroid]]s.<ref name="VirtualTelescope" /><ref name="syfy" /> {{mp|2020 AV|2}} has the smallest known aphelion and third-smallest known semi-major axis among all asteroids.<ref name="sma-list"/> With an [[Astronomy:Absolute magnitude|absolute magnitude]] approximately 16.2, the asteroid is expected to be larger than {{val|1|u=km}} in diameter.<ref name="MPC-object"/>

== Discovery ==
{{mp|2020 AV|2}} was discovered by the [[Organization:Zwicky Transient Facility|Zwicky Transient Facility]] (ZTF) survey at the [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Observatory]] on 4 January 2020, by astronomers Bryce Bolin, Frank Masci, and Quanzhi Ye.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/> The discovery formed part of a campaign for detecting [[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|interior-Earth asteroid]]s (Atiras) using the wide-field ZTF camera on the 1.22-meter [[Astronomy:Samuel Oschin telescope|Samuel Oschin telescope]] at the Palomar Observatory.<ref name="Ye2019"/><ref name="syfy"/> The detection of such objects is difficult due to their close proximity to the [[Astronomy:Sun|Sun]]: asteroids within the orbit of [[Astronomy:Venus|Venus]] never reach solar [[Astronomy:Elongation|elongation]]s greater than 47 degrees, meaning that they are only observable during [[Earth:Twilight|twilight]] as the Sun is below the Earth's [[Horizon|horizon]].<ref name="Ye2019"/> Because of this, inner-Venusian asteroids could only be observed within a short time frame, hence why the ZTF camera was used since it can effectively detect [[Transient (oscillation)|transient]] objects.<ref name="Caltech"/>

At the time of discovery, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} was located in the [[Astronomy:Constellation|constellation]] [[Astronomy:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]],{{efn|The celestial coordinates of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} at the time of discovery are {{RA|21|24|49.90}} and {{Dec|-06|08|41.8}}.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/> See [[Astronomy:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]] for constellation coordinates.}} at an [[Astronomy:Apparent magnitude|apparent magnitude]] around 18.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/> The discovery of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} was reported by astronomer Bryce Bolin, and was subsequently listed on the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]]'s near-Earth object confirmation page (NEOCP) on 4 January 2020.<ref name="Caltech"/><ref name="syfy"/> Follow-up observations were then conducted at various observatories in order to determine the asteroid's orbit based on its orbital motion.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/><ref name="VirtualTelescope"/> The discovery of the asteroid was then formally announced in a Minor Planet Electronic Circular issued by the MPC on 8 January 2020.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/> Follow-up observations were later conducted in November 2020 by the Palomar and Xingming observatories, reducing {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s uncertainty parameter to 5.<ref name="MPEC-2020-W156"/>

Prior to the discovery of {{mp|2020 AV|2}}, co-discoverer Quanzhi Ye and colleagues had predicted in December 2019 that the ZTF would detect its first [[Astronomy:Vatira asteroid|Vatira asteroid]] within Venus's orbit shortly after the discoveries of several small-aphelion asteroids including {{mpl|2019 AQ|3}} and {{mpl|2019 LF|6}}.<ref name="syfy"/> Given the difficulty of detecting such asteroids at small solar elongations, they estimated that at least one additional Vatira asteroid will be detected by the ZTF.<ref name="Ye2019"/>

== Nomenclature ==
Upon discovery, the asteroid was given the internal designation ZTF09k5.<ref name="VirtualTelescope"/> It was then given the [[Astronomy:Provisional designation|provisional designation]] {{mp|2020 AV|2}} by the MPC on 8 January 2020, after follow up observations have sufficiently determined its orbit.<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99"/> The provisional designation signifies the object's discovery date and year.<ref name="Nomenclature"/> The object has yet not been issued a [[Astronomy:Minor planet number|minor planet number]] by the MPC since it has yet not been observed over four [[Astronomy:Opposition|oppositions]]. As its orbit had been sufficiently determined, this [[Astronomy:Minor planet|minor planet]] was [[Astronomy:Minor planet designation|numbered]] by the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]] on 20 September 2021, receiving the number {{LoMP|594913|(594913)}} in the minor planet catalog ({{small|M.P.C. 135125}}).<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" /> and is since eligible for [[Astronomy:List of named minor planets (numerical)|naming]].<ref name="Nomenclature"/> Being the prototype of the informally named Vatira class, it will be given a name that will be used to refer to this newly confirmed population.<ref name="Greenstreet2012"/>

== Orbit and classification ==
[[File:2020AV2orbit.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.25|Orbit diagram of {{mp|2020 AV|2}}, as viewed from the ecliptic pole]]

{{mp|2020 AV|2}} is the only asteroid known to have an orbit completely within Venus's orbit. With an aphelion distance of approximately 0.654&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|astronomical unit]]s (AU),<ref name="jpldata"/> it has the smallest known aphelion of all asteroids. In comparison, Venus's average orbital distance from the Sun is 0.723&nbsp;AU, with a perihelion distance of 0.718&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Greenstreet2012"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}} is formally classified as an [[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|Atira asteroid]] by the Minor Planet Center due it having an orbit within that of [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]].<ref name="jpldata"/> However, unlike previously known Atira asteroids, {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit is contained within that of Venus, thus it falls into the proposed category of Vatira asteroids—a subclass of Atira asteroids with aphelion distances less than Venus's perihelion distance (hence the name: a portmanteau of 'Venus' and 'Atira').<ref name="Greenstreet2012"/><ref name="Ye2019"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}} is technically classified as a [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|near-Earth object]] under the Atira classification, though the asteroid's [[Astronomy:Minimum orbit intersection distance|minimum orbit intersection distance]] from Earth is 0.346&nbsp;AU.<ref name="jpldata"/>

The orbit of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} is a well-secured with an [[Uncertainty parameter|uncertainty parameter]] of 2.<ref name="jpldata"/><ref name="MPC-object"/> The asteroid orbits the Sun in approximately 151 days (0.41 years), with a semi-major axis of approximately 0.5554&nbsp;AU.<ref name="MPC-object"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit is close to a 3:2 mean-motion orbital resonance with Venus, meaning that {{mp|2020 AV|2}} completes approximately three orbits for every two orbits completed by Venus.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/> The orbit of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} is moderately [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|eccentric]], as it approaches only 0.457&nbsp;AU from the Sun at perihelion, just within [[Astronomy:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]'s aphelion distance of 0.467&nbsp;AU.<ref name="jpldata"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit is also moderately inclined to the [[Astronomy:Ecliptic|ecliptic]] by approximately 15.9 degrees.<ref name="jpldata"/><ref name="syfy"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}} has a smaller orbital eccentricity and inclination compared to the generally expected values for typical Vatira asteroids, which were predicted to have an eccentricity around 0.4 and an inclination around 25 degrees.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/> The asteroid's minimum orbit intersection distance from Mercury and Venus is about {{cvt|0.066|AU|e6km}} and {{cvt|0.079|AU|e6km}}, respectively.<ref name="MPC-object"/>

{{mp|2020 AV|2}} is approximately tied with {{mpl|2019 LF|6}} (0.5553&nbsp;AU) as having the second-smallest known orbital period and semi-major axis among all asteroids,<ref name="VirtualTelescope"/> though {{mp|2019 LF|6}} is has a slightly smaller semi-major axis.<ref name="sma-list"/> In this case, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} has the third-smallest known semi-major axis among all asteroids.

=== Orbital dynamics ===
{{mp|2020 AV|2}} had likely originated from the main [[Astronomy:Asteroid belt|asteroid belt]], where its orbit was locked in a [[Astronomy:Secular resonance|secular resonance]] that caused its orbital eccentricity to gradually increase over time, evolving onto an Earth-crossing orbit. Subsequent close encounters with Earth, Venus, and Mercury resulted in gravitational [[Astronomy:Perturbation|perturbation]]s of the asteroid's orbit, reducing its momentum and causing it to orbit closer to the Sun.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/> Such inward orbital migration of objects is thought to be rare.<ref name="Caltech"/> Near-Earth asteroids transitioning into the Vatira region often have unstable, short-term orbits due to frequent gravitational perturbations by Venus and Mercury.<ref name="Greenstreet2012"/> {{mp|2020 AV|2}} rarely crosses the orbits of Mercury and Venus, which reduces the number of close encounters with either planet that would otherwise perturb {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit. Nevertheless its orbit is likely to be stable for less than a million years, unless it is on (or enters soon) a nearby 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Venus, which could extend its stability to a few million years.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/><ref name="Marcos2020"/>

Dynamical modeling of {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit show that the mostly likely scenario for its orbital evolution is that {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s orbit will oscillate for several millions of years before gravitational perturbations lead to the asteroid's eventual collision with a planet, most likely Venus. At 140 thousand years from the present, {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s aphelion distance will exceed Venus's perihelion distance, as a result of the combined effects of the Kozai resonance and gravitational perturbations. Within the Vatira region, the Kozai resonance causes the orbital inclinations and eccentricities of asteroids to oscillate over several millions of years. As a result, Vatira asteroids can become Atira-class asteroids and vice versa over time, and can cross the orbits of Mercury and Venus during these orbital oscillations.<ref name="Marcos2019a"/><ref name="Greenstreet2020"/> The Kozai resonance often disrupts the orbits of Vatira asteroids, albeit it can also lead to orbital stability for some unperturbed Vatira asteroids.<ref name="Marcos2019b"/> At about 1.2 million years from the present, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} will leave the Vatira region and will transition onto a Mercury-crossing orbit, with its perihelion oscillating around Mercury's aphelion distance before decoupling from the planet's orbit at about 2.1 million years.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/>

After decoupling from Mercury's orbit, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} was shown to oscillate between an Atira-type orbit (Q&thinsp;<&thinsp;0.983&nbsp;AU) and an Earth-crossing [[Astronomy:Aten asteroid|Aten]]-type orbit (Q&thinsp;>&thinsp;0.983&nbsp;AU), in which the asteroid's aphelion oscillates around Earth's perihelion distance of 0.983&nbsp;AU. About 740 thousand years afterward, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} will likely return to its Mercury-crossing orbit, though gravitational perturbations by Mercury and Venus will scatter it onto an Earth-crossing orbit once more before colliding with either planet. At about 4.1 million years from the present, {{mp|2020 AV|2}} will most likely collide with Venus.<ref name="Greenstreet2020"/>

== Physical characteristics ==
{{mp|2020 AV|2}} is estimated to have an [[Astronomy:Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies (H)|absolute magnitude (H)]] approximately 16.2.<ref name="jpldata"/> The diameter of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} is expected to be larger than {{cvt|1|km|mi}}.<ref name="MPC-object"/> Assuming that the [[Earth:Albedo|albedo]] is between 0.25 and 0.05, its diameter should be around {{val|1|–|3|u=km}}, respectively.<ref name="sizemagnitude"/> Near-Earth asteroid population models predict that at least one asteroid of this size has an orbit within that of Venus, implying that {{mp|2020 AV|2}} could be one of the largest members of the Vatira population.<ref name="Greenstreet2020" /><ref name="Ip2020"/>

[[Physics:Visible spectrum|Visible]] and near-infrared [[Physics:Spectroscopy|spectroscopy]] by the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in 2020 suggests that {{mp|2020 AV|2}} has a reddish surface that is [[Chemistry:Olivine|olivine]]-rich, based on the presence of a 1&nbsp;μm [[Physics:Spectral line|absorption feature]] characteristic of [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|S-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/> The abundance of olivine in the surface of {{mp|2020 AV|2}} suggests that it could be a [[Earth:Mantle (geology)|mantle]] asteroid formed as a fragment from the rocky mantles of large, [[Astronomy:Planetary differentiation|internally differentiated]] bodies.<ref name="Redd2020"/> The absorption features in {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s spectrum appear to be intermediate between the [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|S-type]] and [[Astronomy:A-type asteroid|A-type]] [[Astronomy:Asteroid spectral type|spectral classes]], hence it is classified as an Sa-type asteroid.<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/> Assuming an average albedo of 0.22 for S-type asteroids, {{mp|2020 AV|2}}'s diameter can be constrained to approximately {{cvt|1.5|km|mi}}.<ref name="Popescuetal2020"/>

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:Vulcanoid|Vulcanoid]]s – a hypothetical population of asteroids within Mercury's orbit
* {{mpl|2019 AQ|3}}, a dynamically-changing Atira asteroid that may have once been a Vatira asteroid<ref name="Marcos2019b"/>
* {{mpl|(524522) 2002 VE|68}}, a temporary [[Astronomy:Quasi-satellite|quasi-satellite]] of Venus
* {{mpl|2013 ND|15}}, the first known Venus trojan

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
 |type         = 2021-09-04 last obs.
 |title        = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2020 AV2
 |url          = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3985571
 |publisher    = [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
 |access-date   = 9 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200111003446/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3985571
 |archive-date = 11 January 2020
 |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 2020 AV2
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |publisher  = International Astronomical Union
  |url        = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2020+AV2
  |access-date= 10 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date= 30 September 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="sma-list">{{cite web
  |type       = Q < 0.983 (au)
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bn;c1_op=%3C;c1_value=0.983;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBiBhBnBgBjBrCkAiAp;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=BhA
  |publisher  = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  |access-date= 10 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="NEODyS">{{cite web
  |title       = 2020AV2
  |work        = Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site
  |publisher   = Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
  |url         = https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2020av2&pc=1.1.0
  |access-date  = 10 January 2020}}</ref>
  
<ref name="sizemagnitude">{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html
 |title        = Conversion of Absolute Magnitude to Diameter for Minor Planets
 |first        = D.
 |last         = Bruton
 |work         = Department of Physics, Engineering, and Astronomy
 |publisher    = Stephen F. Austin State University
 |access-date   = 11 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210190134/http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html
 |archive-date = 10 December 2008
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Nomenclature">{{cite web
 |title        = How Are Minor Planets Named?
 |url          = https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/HowNamed.html
 |publisher    = International Astronomical Union
 |work         = Minor Planet Center
 |access-date   = 10 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200312121835/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/HowNamed.html
 |archive-date = 12 March 2020
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC-2020-A99">{{cite web
 |title           = MPEC 2020-A99 : 2020 AV2
 |url             = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20A99.html
 |display-authors = etal
 |first           = B.
 |last            = Bolin
 |work            = Minor Planet Electronic Circular
 |publisher       = [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]]
 |date            = 8 January 2020
 |access-date      = 9 January 2020
 |archive-url     = https://web.archive.org/web/20200111120557/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20A99.html
 |archive-date    = 11 January 2020
 |url-status      = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="syfy">{{cite news
 |title        = Meet 2020 AV2, the first asteroid found that stays inside Venus's orbit!
 |url          = https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/meet-2020-av2-the-first-asteroid-found-that-stays-inside-venuss-orbit
 |first        = Phil
 |last         = Plait
 |work         = Bad Astronomy
 |publisher    = Syfy Wire
 |date         = 10 January 2020
 |access-date   = 10 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200110182240/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/meet-2020-av2-the-first-asteroid-found-that-stays-inside-venuss-orbit
 |archive-date = 10 January 2020
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="VirtualTelescope">{{cite news
 |title        = 2020 AV2, the first intervenusian asteroid ever discovered: an image – 08 Jan. 2020
 |url          = https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2020/01/09/2020-av2-the-first-intervenusian-asteroid-ever-discovered-an-mage-08-jan-2020/
 |first        = Gianluca
 |last         = Masi
 |publisher    = Virtual Telescope Project
 |date         = 9 January 2020
 |access-date   = 9 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200111001915/https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2020/01/09/2020-av2-the-first-intervenusian-asteroid-ever-discovered-an-mage-08-jan-2020/
 |archive-date = 11 January 2020
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Caltech">{{cite news
 |title        = First Asteroid Found Inside Orbit of Venus
 |url          = https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/first-asteroid-found-inside-orbit-venus
 |first        = Whitney
 |last         = Clavin
 |publisher    = California Institute of Technology
 |date         = 15 January 2020
 |access-date   = 17 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200202021641/https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/first-asteroid-found-inside-orbit-venus
 |archive-date = 2 February 2020
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Greenstreet2012">{{cite journal
 |title        = The orbital distribution of Near-Earth Objects inside Earth's orbit
 |url          = https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5743c691d51cd42eed1e15ea/t/57451dc89f72665be88257b5/1464147402569/Greenstreetetal2012_NEOSSat1model.pdf
 |first1       = Sarah
 |last1        = Greenstreet
 |first2       = Henry
 |last2        = Ngo
 |first3       = Brett
 |last3        = Gladman
 |date         = January 2012
 |journal      = Icarus
 |volume       = 217
 |issue        = 1
 |pages        = 355–366
 |doi          = 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.010
 |bibcode      = 2012Icar..217..355G
 |hdl          = 2429/37251
 |quote        = We have provisionally named objects with 0.307 < Q < 0.718 AU Vatiras, because they are Atiras which are decoupled from Venus. Provisional because it will be abandoned once the first discovered member of this class will be named.
 |access-date  = 11 January 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190529135450/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5743c691d51cd42eed1e15ea/t/57451dc89f72665be88257b5/1464147402569/Greenstreetetal2012_NEOSSat1model.pdf
 |archive-date = 29 May 2019
 |url-status   = live
|hdl-access= free
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Marcos2019a">{{cite journal
 |title        = Hot and Eccentric: The Discovery of 2019 LF<sub>6</sub> as a New Step in the Quest for the Vatira Population
 |url          = https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/ab346c
 |first1       = Carlos
 |last1        = de la Fuente Marcos
 |first2       = Raúl
 |last2        = de la Fuente Marcos
 |date         = 25 July 2019
 |journal      = Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society
 |volume       = 3
 |issue        = 7
 |pages        = 106
 |doi          = 10.3847/2515-5172/ab346c
 |bibcode      = 2019RNAAS...3g.106D
 |access-date  = 4 June 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726170012/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/ab346c
 |archive-date = 26 July 2019
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Marcos2019b">{{cite journal
  |title      = Understanding the evolution of Atira-class asteroid 2019 AQ<sub>3</sub>, a major step towards the future discovery of the Vatira population
  |url        = https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/487/2/2742/549830
  |first1     = Carlos |last1 = de la Fuente Marcos
  |first2     = Raúl |last2 = de la Fuente Marcos
  |date       = 1 August 2019 
  |journal    = [[Organization:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] 
  |volume     = 487
  |issue      = 2
  |pages      = 2742–2752
  |doi        = 10.1093/mnras/stz1437
  |arxiv      = 1905.08695
  |bibcode    = 2019MNRAS.487.2742D|s2cid = 160009327
 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Ye2019">{{cite journal
  |title      = A Twilight Search for Atiras, Vatiras and Co-orbital Asteroids: Preliminary Results
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = Quanzhi |last1 = Ye
  |first2     = Frank J. |last2 = Masci
  |first4     = Thomas A. |last4 = Prince
  |first5     = George |last5 = Helou
  |first6     = Davide |last6 = Farnocchia
  |date       = December 2019
  |journal    = The Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 159
  |issue      = 2
  |pages      = 70
  |doi        = 10.3847/1538-3881/ab629c
  |arxiv      = 1912.06109
  |s2cid      = 209324310}}</ref>

<ref name="Greenstreet2020">{{cite journal
  |title      = Orbital Dynamics of 2020 AV2: the First Vatira Asteroid
  |first      = Sarah |last = Greenstreet
  |date       = 1 March 2020
  |journal    = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
  |url        = https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/493/1/L129/5731877
  |volume     = 493
  |issue      = 1
  |pages      = L129–L131
  |doi        = 10.1093/mnrasl/slaa025
  |arxiv      = 2001.09083
  |bibcode    = 2020MNRAS.493L.129G|s2cid = 210911743 }}</ref>

<ref name="Marcos2020">{{cite journal
 |title        = On the orbital evolution of 2020 AV2, the first asteroid ever observed to go around the Sun inside the orbit of Venus
 |first1       = Carlos
 |last1        = de la Fuente Marcos
 |first2       = Raúl
 |last2        = de la Fuente Marcos
 |date         = 1 May 2020
 |journal      = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
 |url          = https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/494/1/L6/5740740
 |volume       = 494
 |issue        = 1
 |pages        = L6–L10
 |doi          = 10.1093/mnrasl/slaa027
 |arxiv        = 2002.03033
 |bibcode      = 2020MNRAS.494L...6D
 |s2cid = 211068996
 |access-date  = 3 March 2020
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200602023509/https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/494/1/L6/5740740
 |archive-date = 2 June 2020
 |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="Redd2020">{{cite journal
  |title      = First asteroid found within Venus's orbit could be a clue to missing 'mantle' asteroids
  |url        = https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/first-asteroid-found-within-venus-s-orbit-could-be-clue-missing-mantle-asteroids
  |first      = Nola |last = Redd
  |journal    = Science Magazine
  |publisher  = American Association for the Advancement of Science
  |doi        = 10.1126/science.abd6026
  |date       = 1 July 2020 
  |access-date= 9 September 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Popescuetal2020">{{cite journal
  |title      = Physical characterization of 2020 AV<sub>2</sub>, the first known asteroid orbiting inside Venus orbit
  |url        = https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/496/3/3572/5859506
  |first1     = M. |last1 = Popescu
  |first2     = J. |last2 = de León
  |first3     = C. |last3 = de la Fuente Marcos
  |first4     = O. |last4 = Vaduvescu
  |first5     = R. |last5 = de la Fuente Marcos
  |first6     = J. |last6 = Licandro
  |first7     = V. |last7 = Pinter
  |first8     = O. |last8 = Zamora
  |first9     = C. |last9 = Fariña
  |first10    = L. |last10 = Curelaru
  |date       = 11 August 2020
  |access-date  = 8 July 2020
  |journal    = [[Organization:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] 
  |volume     = 496
  |issue      = 3
  |pages      = 3572–3581
  |doi        = 10.1093/mnras/staa1728
  |bibcode    = 2020MNRAS.496.3572P
  |arxiv      = 2006.08304
  |s2cid      = 219687045}}</ref>

<ref name="Ip2020">{{cite arxiv
  |title      = A kilometer-scale asteroid inside Venus's orbit
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = W.-H. |last1 = Ip
  |first2     = B. T. |last2 = Bolin
  |first3     = F. J. |last3 = Masci
  |first4     = Q. |last4 = Ye
  |first5     = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
  |first6     = G. |last6 = Helou
  |date       = September 2020
  |eprint     = 2009.04125
  |class      = astro-ph.EP}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC-2020-W156">{{cite web
  |title      = MPEC 2020-W156 : 2020 AV2
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20WF6.html
  |work       = Minor Planet Electronic Circular
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 25 November 2020
  |access-date= 25 November 2020}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2020/01/09/2020-av2-the-first-intervenusian-asteroid-ever-discovered-an-mage-08-jan-2020/ 2020 AV2, the first intervenusian asteroid ever discovered], [[Biography:Gianluca Masi|Gianluca Masi]], ''The Virtual Telescope Project 2.0'', 9 Jan 2020
* [https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/meet-2020-av2-the-first-asteroid-found-that-stays-inside-venuss-orbit Meet 2020 AV2, the first asteroid found that stays inside Venus's orbit!], by [[Biography:Phil Plait|Phil Plait]], 10 Jan 2020
* [https://earthsky.org/space/2020-av2-1st-intervenusian-asteroid Meet 2020 AV2, the 1st asteroid entirely within the orbit of Venus], by Gianluca Masi, 10 Jan 2020
* [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/first-asteroid-found-within-venus-s-orbit-could-be-clue-missing-mantle-asteroids First asteroid found within Venus's orbit could be a clue to missing 'mantle' asteroids], Nola Redd, ''Science'', 1 July 2020 
* {{NeoDys|2020av2}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{2020 in space}}
{{Minor planets navigator | |number=594913 |PageName={{mp|(594913) 2020 AV|2}} | }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2020 AV2}}
[[Category:Apohele asteroids|594913]]

{{Sourceattribution|(594913) 2020 AV2|1}}