View source for Astronomy:2010 TD54

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|2010 TD|54}}}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = {{mp|2010 TD|54}}
 | background      = #FFC2E0
 | image           = Asteroid 2010TD54 orbit.jpg
 | image_scale      =
 | caption         = Orbital diagram of {{mp|2010 TD|54}} during its near-Earth encounter on 12 Oct 2010
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discoverer      = [[Astronomy:Mount Lemmon Survey|Mount Lemmon Srvy.]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Astronomy:Mount Lemmon Observatory|Mount Lemmon Obs.]]
 | discovered      = 9 October 2010
 | mpc_name        = {{mp|2010 TD|54}}
 | alt_names       = 
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = 
 | mp_category     = [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|NEO]]{{·}}[[Astronomy:Apollo asteroid|Apollo]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([[Astronomy:Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 6
 | observation_arc = 3 days
 | aphelion        = 3.2396 [[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 0.7020 AU
 | semimajor       = 1.9708 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.6438
 | period          = 2.77 [[Astronomy:Julian year|yr]] (1,011 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 159.97[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.3562|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 4.3045°
 | asc_node        = 18.607°
 | arg_peri        = 76.068°
 | moid            = 0.000178 AU<br />0.0693 [[Astronomy:Lunar distance|LD]]
 | dimensions      = 5 [[Metre|m]]<ref name="lcdb" /><br />5–10 m<ref name="NASA-news" />
 | rotation        = 0.01167 [[Hour|h]] {{small|(dated)}}<ref name="Hicks-2010" /><br />0.0229317 h<ref name="lcdb" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Ryan 2011}}
 | albedo          = 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
 | spectral_type   = Srv<ref name="Popescu-2011" />
 | abs_magnitude   = 28.9<ref name="jpldata" />
}}

'''{{mp|2010 TD|54}}''' is a tiny [[Astronomy:Asteroid|asteroid]] and [[Astronomy:List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fast rotator]], classified as a [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|near-Earth object]] of the [[Astronomy:Apollo asteroid|Apollo group]], approximately 5 meters in diameter. It was first observed by the [[Astronomy:Mount Lemmon Survey|Mount Lemmon Survey]] in October 2010, when the asteroid crossed through the Earth-moon system and had a close encounter with Earth.<ref name="NASA-news" />

== Orbit and classification ==

{{mp|2010 TD|54}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.7–3.2&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 2 years and 9 months (1,011 days). Its orbit has an [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.64 and an [[Astronomy:Orbital inclination|inclination]] of 4[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[Astronomy:Ecliptic|ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's [[Astronomy:Observation arc|observation arc]] begins with its first observations by the [[Astronomy:Mount Lemmon Survey|Mount Lemmon Survey]] and only spans over a period of 3 days until 12 October 2010. It has been observed since then.<ref name="MPC-object" />

=== Close approach ===

{{mp|2010 TD|54}} made its closest approach at 10:51, 12 October 2010 UTC (6:51 EDT a.m.) at {{convert |0.000346 | AU |km mi |abbr=on |lk=on}}. It is one of the [[Astronomy:List of asteroid close approaches to Earth|closest known approaches of an asteroid to Earth]], at which time the object appeared at a [[Astronomy:Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] of 14. It was first observed by of the [[Astronomy:Catalina Sky Survey|Catalina Sky Survey]]{{'}}s telescopes north of Tucson, Arizona on 9 October 2010.<ref name="NASA-news" />

It has an Earth ''[[Astronomy:Minimum orbit intersection distance|minimum orbit intersection distance]]'' of {{convert |0.000178086 |AU |km mi |abbr=on |lk=off |sigfig=3}}, which corresponds to 0.0693 [[Astronomy:Lunar distance|lunar distance]].<ref name="jpldata" /> It was removed from the [[Astronomy:Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 11 October 2010.<ref name="CINEOS-Sentry" /> The asteroid may have passed {{convert |0.0009 |AU |km mi |abbr=on |lk=off |sigfig=3}} from Earth in October 1979, but the [[Curve fitting|nominal]] orbit suggests it passed millions of kilometres from Earth in 1979.<ref name=jpldata/>

== Physical characteristics ==

{{mp|2010 TD|54}} is a [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|stony asteroid]], characterized as a Srv subtype.<ref name="Popescu-2011" />

=== Rotation period ===

In November 2010, a rotational [[Astronomy:Lightcurve|light curve]] of {{mp|2010 TD|54}} was obtained from photometric observations, which showed that the asteroid is a [[Astronomy:List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fast rotator]]. Light curve analysis gave a well-defined [[Rotation period|rotation period]] of 0.0229317 hours (1 minute and 23 seconds) with a brightness amplitude of 0.92 [[Astronomy:Magnitude|magnitude]] ({{small|U=3}}). A high amplitude typically indicates that the body has an irregular, elongated rather than spherical shape.{{efn|name=lcdb-Ryan 2011}} This result supersedes a previously obtained lightcurve with a shorter period of 0.01167 hours  ({{small|U=1}}).<ref name="Hicks-2010" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of {{convert |5 |m |ft |abbr=off |lk=off}} based on an [[Astronomy:Absolute magnitude|absolute magnitude]] of 28.9.<ref name="lcdb" /> NASA's press release gave an estimated diameter of 5 to 10 meters (16 to 33 feet).<ref name="NASA-news" />

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:List of asteroid close approaches to Earth|List of asteroid close approaches to Earth]], for other close approaches
*List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2010

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lcdb-Ryan 2011|1=Ryan (2011) web: rotation period {{val|0.0229317|0.0000002}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.92|0.03}} mag. Summary figures for (2010 TD54) at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=%7C LCDB] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20160817020952/http://infohost.nmt.edu/~bryan/ Bill Ryan] at Magdalena Ridge Observatory}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2010-10-12 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2010 TD54)
  |url        = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3548527
  |publisher  = [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |accessdate = 28 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 2010 TD54
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2010+TD54
  |accessdate = 28 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-news">{{cite news
  |title      = Small Asteroid to Pass Within Earth-Moon System Tuesday
  |date       = 11 October 2010
  |publisher  = NASA
  |url        = https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2010-332
  |accessdate = 28 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="CINEOS-Sentry">{{cite web
  |title      = Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring – Removed Objects
  |publisher  = NASA/JPL CINEOS – Center for Near Earth Object Studies
  |url        = https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/removed.html
  |accessdate = 28 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
  |title      = LCDB Data for 2012 TC4
  |publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
  |url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=0%7C2010+TD54
  |accessdate = 28 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Popescu-2011">{{Cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = M. |last1 = Popescu
  |first2     = M. |last2 = Birlan
  |first3     = R. |last3 = Binzel
  |first4     = P. |last4 = Vernazza
  |first5     = A. |last5 = Barucci
  |first6     = D. A. |last6 = Nedelcu
  |first7     = F. |last7 = DeMeo
  |first8     = M. |last8 = Fulchignoni
  |date       = November 2011
  |title      = Spectral properties of eight near-Earth asteroids
  |journal    = Astronomy and Astrophysics
  |volume     = 535
  |page       = 15
  |bibcode    = 2011A&A...535A..15P
  |doi        = 10.1051/0004-6361/201117118
  |doi-access= free
  }}</ref>

<ref name="Hicks-2010">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = M. |last1 = Hicks
  |first2     = H. |last2 = Rhoades
  |date       = October 2010
  |title      = The near-Earth asteroid 2010 TD54: The fastest rotating natural body known in the solar system?
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010ATel.2984....1H
  |journal    = The Astronomer's Telegram
  |volume = 2984
 |issue      = 2984
  |page = 1
 |bibcode    = 2010ATel.2984....1H
  |access-date= 28 September 2017}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroid2010TD54-wideview.html Asteroid 2010 TD54's Orbit Around the Sun]
* [https://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroid20101011.html Small Asteroid to Pass Within Earth-Moon System Tuesday] 10.11.10
* [http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=2984 The near-Earth asteroid 2010 TD54: The fastest rotating natural body known in the solar system?] 29 Oct 2010
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* {{NeoDys|2010TD54}}
* {{ESA-SSA|2010TD54}}
* {{JPL small body}}

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{{Sourceattribution|2010 TD54}}