View source for Astronomy:2MASS J10475385+2124234

{{Short description|Brown dwarf star in the constellation Leo}}
{{Sky|10|47|53.85|+|21|24|29.8|23.47}}
{{Starbox begin
| name=2MASS J10475385+2124234}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch=J2000
| ra={{RA|10|47|53.85456}}{{r|Simbad}}
| dec={{DEC|21|24|23.4684}}{{r|Simbad}}
| constell=[[Astronomy:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]}}
{{Starbox character
| class=T6.5
| appmag_1_passband=J
| appmag_1=15.819 ± 0.059{{r|Simbad}}
| appmag_2_passband=H
| appmag_2=15.797 ± 0.120{{r|Simbad}}
| appmag_3_passband=K
| appmag_3=16.20 ± 0.03{{r|Simbad}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v=
| prop_mo_ra=-1714{{r|Simbad}}
| prop_mo_dec=-489{{r|Simbad}}
| parallax=94.73
| p_error=3.81
| parallax_footnote=
| absmag_v= }}
{{Starbox detail
| mass_mj=41.61 ± 26.03<ref name="Filippazzo2015"/>
| radius_rj=0.94 ± 0.16<ref name="Filippazzo2015"/>
| luminosity=0.000004365<ref name="Williams2013"/>
| temperature=880 ± 76<ref name="Allers2020"/>
| metal=
| rotation=1.77 ± 0.04 [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Allers2020"/>
| rotational_velocity=
| gravity=4.96 ± 0.49<ref name="Filippazzo2015"/>
| age_gyr2=0.5–10<ref name="Filippazzo2015"/>}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names=2MASSW J1047539+212423{{r|Simbad}}<br/>2MASSI J1047539+212423{{r|Simbad}}<br/>2MASSI J1047538+212423{{r|Simbad}}<br/>[[Astronomy:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|WISEA]] J104752.35+212417.2{{r|Simbad}}}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=2MASS+J10475385%2B2124234
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''2MASS J10475385+2124234''' (abbreviated to '''2MASS J1047+21''') is a [[Astronomy:Brown dwarf|brown dwarf]] of spectral class T6.5, in the constellation [[Astronomy:Leo (constellation)|Leo]] about 34 light-years from [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]], hence in galactic topographical and interstellar medium study terms being in the [[Astronomy:Local Bubble|Local Bubble]] and very nearby in the Orion Arm. It is the first brown dwarf to have an inferred range of its typical wind speeds computed.

== Discovery ==
2MASS J1047+21 was discovered in 1999 along with eight other brown dwarf candidates by Adam J. Burgasser ''et al.'' from [[Astronomy:2MASS|Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)]], conducted from 1997 to 2001. Follow-up observations with the Keck I 10-meter telescope's Near Infrared Camera (NIRC) were conducted on 27 May 1999 and identified [[Chemistry:Methane|methane]] in 2MASS J1047+21's near-infrared spectrum, classifying it as a [[Astronomy:Brown dwarf#Spectral class T|T-type]] brown dwarf.<ref name="Burgasser1999"/>

===Methodology===
The wind speed is directly inferred from minute, regular cycles in its visible (which matches its ultra-violet) appearance compared to the same at radio wave spectra.<ref name="NRAO"/><ref name="JPL"/><ref name="Spacecom"/><ref name="EarthSky"/> The radio emissions are coming from electrons interacting with the magnetic field, which is rooted deep in the interior.<ref name="Spacecom"/> The visible and infrared (IR) data, on the other hand, reveal what's happening in the gas giant's cloud tops.<ref name="Spacecom"/>

== Distance ==
2MASS J1047+21 is about {{convert|34|ly|pc|lk=on|sp=us}} from [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]].<ref name="Allers2020"/>

== Characteristics ==
[[File:2MASS J10475385+2124234.jpg|thumb|left|Artist's impression of a brown dwarf and its magnetic field]]
2MASS J1047+21 is a T-type brown dwarf.<ref name="Burgasser1999"/>

=== Wind speeds ===
[[File:2MASS J10475385+2124234 1.jpg|thumb|left|Artist's concept of the interior structure of a brown dwarf. The magnetic field rotates at a different rate than the top of the atmosphere.]]
Wind speeds on 2MASS J1047+21 were measured to be {{convert|650 ± 310|m/s|mph}} by the [[Astronomy:Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer Space Telescope]].<ref name="Allers2020"/><ref name="Allers2016"/><ref name="Allers2017"/>
{{clear|left}}

==See also==
* [[Astronomy:List of stars in Leo|List of stars in Leo]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Simbad">{{cite web
  |title      = 2MASSW J1047539+212423 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)
  |url        = http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=2MASSW+J1047539+212423
  |work       = [[Astronomy:SIMBAD|SIMBAD]]
  |publisher  = [[Organization:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg|Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg]]
  |accessdate = 23 May 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Burgasser1999">{{cite journal
  |title      = Discovery of Four Field Methane (T-Type) Dwarfs with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = Adam J. |last1 = Burgasser
  |first2     = J. Davy |last2 = Kirkpatrick
  |first3     = Michael E. |last3 = Brown
  |first4     = I. Neill |last4 = Reid
  |first5     = John E. |last5 = Gizis
  |first6     = Conard C. |last6 = Dahn
  |date       = September 1999
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 522
  |issue      = 1
  |pages      = L65–L68
  |doi        = 10.1086/312221
  |arxiv      = astro-ph/9907019
  |bibcode    = 1999ApJ...522L..65B|s2cid = 15326092
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Williams2013">{{cite journal
  |title      = Quasi-quiescent Radio Emission from the First Radio-emitting T Dwarf
  |first1     = Peter K. G. |last1 = Williams
  |first2     = Edo |last2 = Berger
  |first3     = B. Ashley |last3 = Zauderer
  |date       = April 2013
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
  |volume     = 767
  |issue      = 2
  |id         = L30
  |pages      = 6
  |doi        = 10.1088/2041-8205/767/2/L30
  |arxiv      = 1301.2321
  |bibcode    = 2013ApJ...767L..30W|s2cid = 119117469 }}</ref>

<ref name="Filippazzo2015">{{cite journal
  |title      = Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime
  |first1     = Joseph C. |last1 = Filippazzo
  |first2     = Emily L. |last2 = Rice
  |first3     = Jacqueline |last3 = Faherty
  |first4     = Kelle L. |last4 = Cruz
  |first5     = Mollie M. |last5 = Van Gordon
  |first6     = Dagny L. |last6 = Looper
  |date       = September 2015
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 810
  |issue      = 2
  |id         = 158
  |pages      = 46
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158
  |arxiv      = 1508.01767
  |bibcode    = 2015ApJ...810..158F|s2cid = 89611607 }}</ref>

<ref name="Allers2016">{{cite journal
  |title      = Wind speeds on extrasolar worlds
  |url        = https://sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/#id=SearchByProgram&RequestClass=ServerRequest&DoSearch=true&SearchByProgram.field.program=13031
  |first1     = Katelyn |last1 = Allers
  |first3     = Beth |last3 = Biller
  |first2     = Johanna |last2 = Vos
  |first4     = Peter |last4 = Williams
  |first5     = Edo |last5 = Berger
  |date       = August 2016
  |journal    = Spitzer Proposal
  |publisher  = Infrared Science Archive
  |page       = 13031
  |bibcode    = 2016sptz.prop13031A}}</ref>

<ref name="Allers2017">{{cite journal
  |title      = Measuring the wind speed on a radio-emitting brown dwarf
  |url        = https://sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/#id=SearchByProgram&RequestClass=ServerRequest&DoSearch=true&SearchByProgram.field.program=13231
  |first1     = Katelyn |last1 = Allers
  |first2     = Johanna |last2 = Vos
  |first3     = Beth |last3 = Biller
  |first4     = Peter |last4 = Williams
  |date       = October 2017
  |journal    = Spitzer Proposal
  |publisher  = Infrared Science Archive
  |page       = 13231
  |bibcode    = 2017sptz.prop13231A}}</ref>

<ref name="Allers2020">{{cite journal
  |title      = A measurement of the wind speed on a brown dwarf
  |first1     = Katelyn N. |last1 = Allers
  |first2     = Johanna M. |last2 = Vos
  |first3     = Beth A. |last3 = Biller
  |first4     = Peter K. G. |last4 = Williams
  |date       = 10 April 2020
  |journal    = Science
  |volume     = 368
  |issue      = 6487
  |pages      = 169–172
  |doi        = 10.1126/science.aaz2856
  |pmid       = 32273464
  |bibcode    = 2020Sci...368..169A|s2cid = 215551310 |url = https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/154026451/Windspeed_accepted.pdf |hdl= 20.500.11820/06e2e379-467a-456f-956c-b37912b8d95a
  |hdl-access= free
  }}</ref>

<ref name="NRAO">{{cite news
  |title      = Astronomers Measure Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf
  |url        = https://public.nrao.edu/news/brown-dwarf-wind-speed/
  |first      = Dave |last = Finley
  |publisher  = National Radio Astronomy Observatory
  |date       = 9 April 2020
  |accessdate = 23 May 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="JPL">{{cite news
  |title      = In a First, NASA Measures Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf
  |url        = https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/in-a-first-nasa-measures-wind-speed-on-a-brown-dwarf
  |first      = Calla |last = Cofield
  |work       = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  |publisher  = NASA
  |date       = 9 April 2020
  |accessdate = 23 May 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Spacecom">{{cite news
  |title      = How the brown dwarf blows: Wind speed of a 'failed star' measured for 1st time
  |url        = https://www.space.com/brown-dwarf-wind-speed-measured-first-time.html
  |first      = Mike |last = Wall
  |website    = Space.com
  |date       = 9 April 2020
  |accessdate = 23 May 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="EarthSky">{{cite news
  |title      = First-ever measure of brown dwarf wind speed
  |url        = https://www.space.com/brown-dwarf-wind-speed-measured-first-time.html
  |first      = Paul Scott |last = Anderson
  |work       = EarthSky
  |date       = 15 April 2020
  |accessdate = 23 May 2020}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
{{Wikidata property|Q222453}}
* [https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/in-a-first-nasa-measures-wind-speed-on-a-brown-dwarf/ In a First, NASA Measures Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf], Calla Cofield, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 9 Apr 2020
* [https://public.nrao.edu/news/brown-dwarf-wind-speed/ Astronomers Measure Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf], Dave Finley, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 9 Apr 2020
* [https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/2mass_j10475385_2124234--7377/ Planet 2MASS J10475385+2124234], ''The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia''
* [https://phys.org/news/2020-04-astronomers-brown-dwarf.html Astronomers measure wind speed on a brown dwarf], ''Phys.org'', 9 Apr 2020
* [https://www.universetoday.com/145675/astronomers-measure-the-wind-speed-on-a-brown-dwarf-for-the-first-time-spoiler-insanely-fast/ Astronomers Measure the Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf for the First Time. Spoiler: Insanely Fast], Evan Gough, ''Universe Today'', 15 Apr 2020

{{Stars of Leo}}
{{2020 in space}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2MASS J10475385+2124234}}
[[Category:Leo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Brown dwarfs]]
[[Category:2MASS objects|J10475385+2124234]]

{{Sourceattribution|2MASS J10475385+2124234}}