View source for Astronomy:List of meteor air bursts

{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
Many explosions recorded in Earth's atmosphere are likely to be caused by the air bursts that result from meteors exploding as they hit the thicker part of the [[Earth:Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]]. These types of meteors are also known as fireballs or [[Astronomy:Bolide|bolides]] with the brightest known as superbolides. Before entering Earth's atmosphere, these larger meteors were originally [[Astronomy:Asteroid|asteroid]]s and [[Astronomy:Comet|comet]]s of a few to several tens of metres in diameter, contrasting with the much smaller and much more common "[[Astronomy:Meteoroid#Meteors|shooting stars]]".

The most powerful recorded air burst is the 1908 [[Physics:Tunguska event|Tunguska event]]. Extremely bright fireballs traveling across the sky are often witnessed from a distance, such as the 1947 Sikhote-Alin meteor and the 2013 [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor|Chelyabinsk meteor]], both in Russia. If the bolide is large enough, fragments may survive such as the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Modern developments in [[Physics:Infrasound|infrasound]] detection by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization and infrared [[Engineering:Defense Support Program|Defense Support Program]] satellite technology have increased the likelihood of detecting airbursts.

== Frequency ==
The table from Earth Impact Effects Program (EIEP) estimates the average frequency of airbursts and their energy yield in kilotons (kt) or megatons (Mt) of [[Physics:TNT equivalent|TNT equivalent]].
[[File:SmallAsteroidImpacts-Frequency-Bolide-20141114.jpg|thumb|350px|World map of [[Astronomy:Bolide|bolide]] events (1994–2013)<ref>{{cite news|title=We are not Alone: Government Sensors Shed New Light on Asteroid Hazards|url=http://www.universetoday.com/116355/we-are-not-alone-government-sensors-shed-new-light-on-asteroid-hazards/|access-date=12 April 2015|newspaper=Universe Today}}</ref>]]
{| class="wikitable floatcenter" style="text-align: center;"
|+Stony asteroid impacts that generate an airburst<ref>{{cite web
  |date=2010
  |title=Earth Impact Effects Program
  |publisher=Imperial College London / Purdue University
  |author1=Robert Marcus |author2=H. Jay Melosh |author3=Gareth Collins  |name-list-style=amp |url=http://impact.ese.ic.ac.uk/ImpactEffects/
  |access-date=2013-02-04}} (solution using 2600kg/m^3, 17km/s, 45 degrees)</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2 | Impactor<br>diameter !! colspan=2 | [[Physics:Kinetic energy|Kinetic energy]] at !! rowspan=2 | Airburst<br>altitude !! rowspan=2 | Average<br>frequency<br>(years)
|-
! atmospheric<br>entry
! airburst
|-
| {{convert|4|m|abbr=on|lk=on}} || 3 [[Physics:TNT equivalent|kt]] || 0.75 kt || {{convert|42.5|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=on}} || 1.3
|-
| {{convert|7|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 16 kt || 5 kt || {{convert|36.3|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 4.6
|-
| {{convert|10|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 47 kt || 19 kt || {{convert|31.9|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 10
|-
| {{convert|15|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 159 kt || 82 kt || {{convert|26.4|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 27
|-
| {{convert|20|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 376 kt || 230 kt || {{convert|22.4|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 60
|-
| {{convert|30|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 1.3 [[Physics:TNT equivalent|Mt]] || 930 kt || {{convert|16.5|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 185
|-
| {{convert|50|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 5.9 Mt || 5.2 Mt || {{convert|8.7|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 764
|-
| {{convert|70|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 16 Mt || 15.2 Mt || {{convert|3.6|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 1,900
|-
! colspan=5 style="font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; padding: 6px;"| Based on density of 2600&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, speed of 17&nbsp;km/s, and an impact angle of 45°
|}

== Events ==
While airbursts undoubtedly happened prior to the 20th century, reliable reports of such are quite scanty. A possible example is the 1490 Ch'ing-yang event, which had an unknown energy yield but was reportedly powerful enough to cause 10,000 deaths.<ref name=Yau1>{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1994Metic..29..864Y|title = Meteorite Falls in China and Some Related Human Casualty Events|journal = Meteoritics|volume = 29|issue = 6|pages = 864|last1 = Yau|first1 = Kevin|last2 = Weissman|first2 = Paul|last3 = Yeomans|first3 = Donald|year = 1994|doi = 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1994.tb01101.x}}</ref> Modern researchers are sceptical about the figure, but had the Tunguska event occurred over a highly populous district, it might have caused a similar level of destruction.<ref name=Yau1/> A study published in 2020 claimed that on 22 August 1888, a meteorite killed a man and left another paralyzed in [[Place:Sulaymaniyah|Sulaymaniyah]], Iraq, as reported by the local governor to Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Unsalan|first1=O.|last2=Bayatlı|first2=A.|last3=Jenniskens|first3=P.|title=Earliest evidence of a death and injury by a meteorite|publisher=Wiley Online Library|year=2020|doi=10.1111/maps.13469|volume=55|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|issue=4|pages=886–894}}</ref> 

Depending on the estimate, there were only 3–4 known airbursts in the years 1901–2000 with energy yield greater than 80 kilotons (in 1908, 1930?, 1932?, and 1963), roughly consistent with the estimate of the EIEP table. Most values for the [[Astronomy:1930 Curuçá River event|1930 Curuçá River event]] put it well below 1 megaton.<ref name=McFarland>McFarland, John.  [http://star.arm.ac.uk/impact-hazard/Brazil.html The Day the Earth Trembled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202160129/http://star.arm.ac.uk/impact-hazard/Brazil.html |date=2013-12-02 }}, Armagh, Northern Ireland: [[Organization:Armagh Observatory|Armagh Observatory]] website, last revised on November 10, 2009.</ref><ref>Lienhard, John H. [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1102.htm Meteorite at Curuçá], The Engines of Our Ingenuity, [[Organization:University of Houston|University of Houston]] with KUHF-FM Houston.</ref><ref>{{cite journal
  |last=Corderoa |first=Guadalupe
  |author2=Poveda, Arcadio
  |title=Curuça 1930: A probable mini-Tunguska?
  |journal=Planetary and Space Science
  |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=10–16 |year=2011
  |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2010.10.012 |bibcode=2011P&SS...59...10C}}</ref> The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization and modern technology has improved ''multiple'' detection of airbursts with energy yield 1–2 kilotons every year within the last decade.<ref name="jpl"/>

The first airburst of the 21st century with yield greater than 100 kilotons came from the 2013 [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor|Chelyabinsk meteor]], which had an estimated diameter of 20 metres.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
! General:Specific Location
! Coordinates
! data-sort-type="number"|Energy<br>([[Physics:TNT equivalent|TNT equivalent]])
! Height of explosion
! Notes
|-
| {{nowrap|1908, Jun 30}}
| Russia: {{convert|60|km}} W-NW of Vanavara<ref name="Traynor2">{{cite journal|last=Traynor|first=Chris|date=1997|title=The Tunguska Event|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association|volume=107|issue=3}}</ref> near Tunguska River
| {{Coord|60|53|09|N|101|53|40|E}}
| {{convert|15000|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|8.5|km|abbr=on}}
| [[Physics:Tunguska event|Tunguska event]] (Largest witnessed meteor airburst to date)
|-
| {{nowrap|1919, Nov 26}}
| United States: southern Michigan and northern Indiana
| {{Coord|42|N|86|W}}
|
|
| A gigantic meteor was seen approaching from the east. A brilliant flash of light, thunder, and an earthquake lasting three minutes were reported. Damage to property over a large area as well as to telegraph, telephone and electrical systems.<ref>[http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1919-11-27/ed-1/seq-1/ Earth quivers as sky phenomenon descends], The Washington Times (Washington, D.C.) 1919 Nov 27 page 1b</ref>
|-
| {{nowrap|1927, Jul 13}}
| United States: Illinois
| {{Coord|38|12|N|89|41|W}}
|
| {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}}
| Tilden meteor. From more than a hundred miles it appeared like "a piece falling off the sun." Then it exploded.<ref>{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1927JRASC..21..338W|title = The Tilden Meteor, an Illinois Daylight Fall|journal = Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume = 21|pages = 338|last1 = Wylie|first1 = C. C.|year = 1927|issue = 1715|doi = 10.1126/science.66.1715.451|pmid = 17808999}}</ref>
|-
| 1930, Aug 13
| [[Earth:South America|South America]]: Curuçá River, {{wipe|Brazil}}
|{{Coord|5|11|S|71|38|W}}
| {{convert|100|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}} '''?'''
|
|Also known as the [[Astronomy:1930 Curuçá River event|1930 Curuçá River event]] or "Brazilian Tunguska".<ref name=Reza2004/> Hypothesised to be generated by three meteor fragments. An astrobleme of 1&nbsp;km was found on the ground, but may be related to an older feature.<ref name=Reza2004>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2004/pdf/5150.pdf THE EVENT NEAR THE CURUÇÁ RIVER.] 67th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2004)</ref><ref name="Corderoa2011">{{cite journal |title=Curuça 1930: A probable mini-Tunguska? |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2010.10.012 | bibcode=2011P&SS...59...10C | volume=59 |issue=1 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |pages=10–16|year=2011 |last1=Cordero |first1=Guadalupe |last2=Poveda |first2=Arcadio }}</ref><ref>[http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1102.htm No. 1102: METEORITE AT CURUÇA By John H. Lienhard] The Engines of Our Ingenuity</ref><ref>[http://star.arm.ac.uk/impact-hazard/Brazil.html The Day the Earth Trembled by John McFarland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202160129/http://star.arm.ac.uk/impact-hazard/Brazil.html |date=2013-12-02 }} Armagh Observatory</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.comciencia.br/reportagens/espaco/espc17.htm | title=O Homem no Espaço: Conhecimento e incerteza}}</ref> 
|-
| 1932, Dec 8
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: Arroyomolinos de León, Spain
| {{Coord|38|01|00|N|6|25|00|W}}
| {{convert|190|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}} '''?'''
| {{convert|15.7|km|abbr=on}}
| Assumed to be produced by an 18-meter object and connected to the December delta-[[Astronomy:Arietids|Arietids]] meteor shower.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/1368.pdf Historical Records of δ-Arietids Superfireballs Over Spain by J.M.Madiedo and J. M. Trigo-Rodríguez] 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011)</ref>
|-
| 1941, Apr 9
| Russia: Ural mountains, Katav-Ivanovo district of Chelyabinsk
|
| 
|
| :ru:Катавский болид (Katavsky bolide). Residents saw a fireball flying at a high speed in the dark sky, followed by roaring like the sound of a speeding steam locomotive. Fragments were left as a result of the event.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
|-
| 1947, Feb 12
| Russia: Sikhote-Alin Mountains in eastern Siberia
| {{Coord|46|09|36|N|134|39|12|E}}
| {{convert|10|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 
| Sikhote-Alin bolide. The [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall#List of meteorite falls|largest meteorite fall]] of recent times with total mass of fragments at 23 tons.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=23593 Sikhote-Alin at LPI]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130073826/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=23593 |date=2012-01-30 }}</ref> A bright flash and a deafening sound were observed for 300 km. Estimated explosive yield of 10&nbsp;kt equivalent.<ref>Leonard David (2013). [http://www.space.com/19822-russian-fireball-biggest-explosion-century.html Russia Meteor Blast Is Biggest in 100 Years]</ref> 
|-
| 1948, Feb 18
| United States: Norton County, {{wipe|Kansas}}
| {{Coord|39|41|N|99|52|W}}
| 
| 
| Norton County bolide. One of the [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall#List of meteorite falls|5 largest meteorite falls]] of the 20th century, with more than 1 ton of fragments collected.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=17922 Norton County at LPI]</ref> A brilliant fireball appeared in the sky. Then there was a loud explosion as the meteor broke apart.<ref>[http://www.meteorite-recon.com/portfolio_page/norton-county Meteorite Recon entry for Norton County]</ref> 
|-
| 1959, Nov 24
| [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]: [[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
| {{Coord|38|56|N|48|15|E}}
| 
| 
| [[Astronomy:Yardymly (meteorite)|Yardymly bolide]]. A bright object that illuminated the area for almost 3,000 square km before it shattered into pieces with a thunderous noise.<ref name="SAE">''Soviet Azerbaijan Encyclopedia'' (Baku, 1981), vol. 5, p. 80</ref><ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=30352 Yardymly at LPI]</ref>
|-
| 1963, Aug 3
| [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]: about 1100&nbsp;km west of the Prince Edward Islands
| {{Coord|51|S|24|E}}
| {{convert|260|±|90|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
|
| The Prince Edward Islands bolide was detected infrasonically about {{convert|1100|km|abbr=on}} W-SW from the Prince Edward Islands off the coast of South Africa by a U.S. Government instrument network for detecting atmospheric explosions.<ref name=revelle>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jastp.2006.02.010 |title=Estimates of meteoroid kinetic energies from observations of infrasonic airwaves|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics |volume=68 |issue=10|year=2006 |pages=1136–1160|url=http://meteor.uwo.ca/infra_pub/Estimates_of_metereoid_kin_e_from_ovserv_of_infrasonicwaves.pdf|last1=Edwards|first1=Wayne N.|last2=Brown|first2=Peter G.|last3=Revelle|first3=Douglas O.|bibcode=2006JASTP..68.1136E}}</ref>
|-
| 1965, Mar 31
| Canada: Revelstoke, British Columbia
|
| {{convert|0.6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}}
| Revelstoke bolide. It exploded brilliantly and detonations were heard up to 130&nbsp;km away.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=22592 Revelstoke at LPI]</ref> About 1 g of meteorite found. Sometimes placed in SE Canada on May 31.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kusky|first=Timothy M.|title=Encyclopedia of Earth and space science|date=2010|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1438128597|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMk4t21fOvoC&q=canada+1965+meteor+tunguska&pg=PA147|author2=Katherine E. Cullen }}</ref> 
|-
| 1966, Sep 17
| Canada: Lake Huron, Michigan, Ontario
|
| {{convert|0.6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}}
| The Kincardine fireball.<ref name=revelle/> A brilliant meteor illuminated the whole of SW Ontario.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Bolide of September 17, 1966|author=Halliday, Ian|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume=60|page=257|date=December 1966|bibcode=1966JRASC..60..257H}}</ref>
|-
| 1967, Feb 5
| Canada: Vilna, Alberta
|
| {{convert|0.6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| 1969, Feb 8
| Mexico: Chihuahua
| {{Coord|26|58|N|110|19|W}}
| 
| 
| [[Earth:Allende meteorite|Allende bolide]]. The [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall#List of meteorite falls|3rd largest meteorite fall]] of the 20th century. A huge, brilliant fireball lit the sky and ground for hundreds of miles. It exploded and broke up. About 2 tons of fragments were later found.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/index.php?code=2278 Allende at LPI]</ref>
|-
| 1976, Mar 8
| Asia: Jilin Province in China
| {{Coord|43|42|N|126|12|E}}
| 
| 
| Jilin bolide. The [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall#List of meteorite falls|2nd largest meteorite fall]] of the 20th century (after the Sikhote-Alin event). A fireball larger than the full moon was seen. There were several explosions then a violent breakup.<ref>[http://www.meteorite-recon.com/portfolio_page/jilin Meteorite Recon entry on Jilin], A Preliminary Survey Of The Kirin Meteorite Shower, Academia Sinica, October 1976.</ref> It yielded a piece at 1770&nbsp;kg, more than twice the Chelyabinsk meteorite (654&nbsp;kg), and total fragments collected was about 4 tons.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/index.php?code=12171 Jilin at LPI]</ref>
|-
| 1984, Apr 3
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: Nigeria
|{{Coord|11|29|N|11|39|E}}
| 
| 
| Gujba bolide. A bright object was witnessed then an explosion was heard. More than 100&nbsp;kg of fragments were found.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=11449 Gujba at LPI]</ref>
|-
| 1993, Jan 19
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: Lugo, Italy
|
| {{convert|10|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 30&nbsp;km
| Superbolide airburst caused by the breakup of a low density meteoroid traveling at approximately 26&nbsp;km/s.<ref>[http://www.ta3.sk/caosp/Eedition/FullTexts/vol24/pp117-124.pdf The spectacular airburst over (Lugo) Italy on January 19, 1993]</ref>
|-
| 1994, Jan 18
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: Cando, Spain
| |{{Coord|42|50|34.8|N|8|51|40.4|W}}
| Much less than {{convert|1|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 
| Cando event. An unexplained ground explosion at 7:15 UTC. Topsoil and large trees were thrown tens of metres away. No fragments found and there are problems with the trajectory. It might not be an impact event.<ref>J.A. Docobo, R.E. Spalding, Z. Ceplecha, F. Diaz-Fierros, V. Tamazian, Y. Onda, "Investigation of a bright flying object over northwest Spain, 1994 January 18", ''Meteoritics & Planetary Science'', Vol. 33.</ref>
|-
| 1994, Feb 1
| [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]: near the Marshall Islands 
| {{Coord|2.6||N|164.1||E}}
| {{convert|11|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|21|-|34|km|0|abbr=on}}
| Marshall Islands fireball (about 9 ± 5 meters in diameter). Two fragments exploded at 34&nbsp;km and 21&nbsp;km of altitude. This impact was observed by space-based sensors both in infrared (by the DOD) and visible wavelength (by the DOE).<ref name=Tagliaferri1994>{{cite journal
  |last=Tagliaferri |first=E.
  |author2=Spalding, R. |author3=Jacobs, C. |author4=Ceplecha, Z.
  |title=Analysis of the Marshall Islands Fireball of February 1, 1994
  |journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets
  |volume=68 |issue=1–3 |pages=563–572 |date=1995
  |doi=10.1007/BF00671553
  |bibcode=1995EM&P...68..563T|s2cid=119801333
 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232448
  |type=Submitted manuscript
  }}</ref>
|-
| 1997, Oct 10
| {{wipe|United States}}: Las Cruces, New Mexico; El Paso, {{wipe|Texas}}
| {{Coord|31|59|N|106|50|W}}
| {{convert|0.3|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 16–24 km (10–15 mi)
| An airburst detected in El Paso and Las Cruces. The fireball traveled S-SE before disintegrating 10–15 miles above the surface with a loud explosion, traveling around 30,000 MPH. Luminosity is described only as "a very bright flash of light, bright orange-red, similar to a distant sunset".<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://elpasotimes.typepad.com/morgue/2009/05/meteor-explodes-over-el-paso.html |title = Meteor explodes over el Paso}}</ref> 
|-
| 1997, Dec 9
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: 150&nbsp;km south of [[Place:Nuuk|Nuuk]], [[Place:Greenland|Greenland]]
| {{Coord|62|54|N|50|06|W}}
| {{convert|0.1|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}}
| One airburst at 46&nbsp;km, three more breakups detected between 25 and 30&nbsp;km. No remains found so far. Yield only based on luminosity, i.e. the total energy might have been considerably larger.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040819082408/http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/9712.greenland/9712.greenland.html Greenland meteor at goes.gsfc.nasa.gov]</ref>
|-
| 1998, June 20
| Asia: Kunya-Urgench in Turkmenistan
| {{Coord|42|15|N|59|12|E}}
| 
| 
| Kunya-Urgench bolide. One of the [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall#List of meteorite falls|5 largest meteorite falls]] of the 20th century, with more than 1 ton of fragments collected.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=12379 Kunya-Urgench at LPI]</ref> A large bolide brightened the sky, and a loud whistling then a crashing noise was heard.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.meteorite-recon.com/portfolio_page/kunya-urgench |title = Kunya-Urgench – Meteorite Recon}}</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234202794_Observation_of_a_fireball_and_the_fall_of_the_first_large_meteorite_in_Turkmenistan</ref> 
|-
| 1999, Nov 8
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: Northern Germany
|
| {{convert|1.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
|
| Detected by the Deelen Infrasound Array in the Netherlands<ref>[http://www.hohmanntransfer.com/news/0207.htm#infrasound July 2002 Asteroid/Comet News]</ref>
|-
| 2000, Jan 18
| Canada: [[Earth:Yukon|Yukon, BC]]
| {{Coord|60|43|N|135|03|W}}
| {{convert|1.7|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}<ref name=Brown2002/>
| 30&nbsp;km
| [[Astronomy:Tagish Lake (meteorite)|Tagish Lake bolide]]. One airburst at ~08:00, fragments recovered.<ref>[http://www.ufobc.ca/yukon/ykfireballjan2000.html January 18, 2000 Yukon/Northern BC Fireball (The Tagish Lake Meteorite)]</ref>
|-
| 2001, Apr 23
| [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]; west of California
| {{Coord|28|N|133.6|W}}
| {{convert|2|-|9|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 29&nbsp;km
| Infrasound detection.<ref name=B612/> Meteor estimated to be 2–3 metres in diameter.<ref name=BBC2001>{{cite news |date=2001-09-03 |title=Low sounds detect meteor blast |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1522932.stm}}</ref> Occurred 1,800&nbsp;km west from the [[Organization:Scripps Institution of Oceanography|Scripps detector]] in San Diego.
|-
| 2002, Jun 6
| [[Place:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]]: 230&nbsp;km N-NE of Benghazi, [[Place:Libya|Libya]]
| {{Coord|34|N|21|E}}
| {{convert|12|-|26|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}<ref name=Brown2002>{{cite journal
  |last=Brown |first=P.
  |author2=Spalding, R. E. |author3=ReVelle, D. O. |author4=Tagliaferri, E. |author5=Worden, S. P.
  |title=The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth
  |journal=Nature
  |volume=420 |pages=294–296 |date=2002
  |doi=10.1038/nature01238 |pmid=12447433 |issue=6913|bibcode=2002Natur.420..294B|s2cid=4380864
 }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6913/fig_tab/nature01238_T1.html (table #1)]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2246449.stm Near-Earth objects dangerous, general says] BBC News, September 9, 2002.</ref><ref>Cambridge Conference Correspondence. [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc071502.html Asteroids 'could spark a nuclear war']</ref>
| 
| [[Place:2002 Eastern Mediterranean event|2002 Eastern Mediterranean event]]
|-
| 2002, Sep 25
| Russia: Vitim River, near Bodaybo, Irkutsk Oblast
| {{Coord|58.27|N|113.45|E}}
| {{convert|0.2|-|2|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 30&nbsp;km
| [[History:2002 Vitim event|Vitim event]] or Bodaybo event<ref>{{cite web
 |title=CCNet 55/2003 – 10 July 2003
 |url=http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc071003.html
 |publisher=Cambridge Conference Network archive
 |access-date=2014-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 2003, Mar 26
| United States: Park Forest, Illinois
| {{Coord|41|29|N|87|41|W}}
| {{convert|0.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}<ref name=revelle/> 
| 
| Park Forest bolide. Residents in Illinois and neighboring states witnessed a bright meteor exploding overhead.<ref>Vanessa Thomas (2003). [http://www.astronomy.com/news/2003/03/meteorites-fall-on-chicago-suburbs Meteorites fall on Chicago suburbs], Astronomy Magazine, March 2003.</ref>
|-
| 2003, Sep 27<ref name=jpl/>
| Asia: Kendrapara in India
| {{Coord|21|N|86.6|E}}
| {{convert|4.6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}}
| The Kendrapara bolide is notable as it may have caused injuries.<ref>https://www.meteorite-times.com/Back_Links/2005/December/Accretion_Desk.htm Kendrapara, India: A Tale of Modern Day Folklore</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00347.x|title = Spectacular fall of the Kendrapara H5 chondrite|journal = Meteoritics & Planetary Science|volume = 39|issue = S8|pages = A121–A132|year = 2004|last1 = Dhingra|first1 = D.|last2 = Bhandari|first2 = N.|last3 = Shukla|first3 = P. N.|last4 = Murty|first4 = S. V. S.|last5 = Mahajan|first5 = R. R.|last6 = Ballabh|first6 = G. M.|last7 = Lashkari|first7 = G.|last8 = Shukla|first8 = A. D.|last9 = Parthasarathy|first9 = G.|bibcode = 2004M&PS...39..121D|doi-access = free}}</ref> A bright light then a loud noise that shattered windows. One part of the fireball fell in a village and may have set a hut on fire, injuring two people.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/south/09/28/india.meteorite/ Meteorite strikes Indian village]</ref>
|-
| 2004, Sep 3
| [[Earth:Southern Ocean|Antarctic Ocean]]: north of Queen Maud Land
| {{Coord|69|S|27|E}}
| {{convert|12|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|28|-|30|km|0|abbr=on}}
| Asteroid 7–10 meters in diameter. Coordinates are for dust trail observed after event by NASA's Aqua satellite and LIDAR in Davis Station. Event was also observed by military satellites and infrasound stations.<ref>[http://www.antarctica.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/22213/0520cosmic20hole20in20one.pdf Cosmic hole-in-one: capturing dust from a meteoroid's fiery demise] Australian Antarctic Magazine, issue 8 Autumn 2005</ref>
|-
| 2004, Oct 7
| [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]
| 
| {{convert|10|-|20|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
|
| Infrasound detection<ref name=B612/>
|- style = "background:#dfd;"
|'''2005'''
|
|
|
|
|'''Start of JPL Fireball and Bolide Reports.'''<ref name="jpl"/> (Dates in yellow are not in the [[Organization:JPL|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] reports.)
|-
| 2005, Jan 1<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: [[Place:Libya|Libya]]
| {{Coord|32.7|N|12.4|E}}
| {{convert|1.2|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|31.8|km|abbr=on}}
| Largest for 2005.
|-
| 2006, Apr 4<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]
| {{Coord|26.6|N|26.6|W}}
| {{convert|5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2006, Dec 9<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]]
| {{Coord|26.2|N|26.0|E}}
| {{convert|10|-|20|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|26.5|km|abbr=on}}
| Infrasound detection<ref name=B612/>
|-
| style = "background:#ff6;"|2007, Sep 28
| [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]: Northern Ostrobothnia, {{wipe|Finland}}
|
|
| {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}
| Bolide that was observed as far as northern Lapland.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/super-meteor_lights_up_northern_sky/5803349 |title = 'Super-Meteor' Lights up Northern Sky}}</ref> Meteoritic material was suspected to have landed southeast of Oulu but none has been found.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
|-
| 2008, Oct 7<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: Nubian Desert, Sudan
| {{Coord|20|48|00|N|32|12|00|E}}
| {{convert|1|-|2.1|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|37|km|abbr=on}}
| [[Astronomy:2008 TC3|2008 TC3]], the first asteroid [[Astronomy:Asteroid impact prediction|detected before impacting Earth]]. Fragment has been named as Almahata Sitta meteorite.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=48915 Almahata Sitta in LPI]</ref> In JPL as 1 kt.<ref name="jpl"/>
|-
| 2008, Nov 20<ref name=jpl/>
| Canada: Saskatchewan
| {{Coord|53.1|N|109.9|W}} 
| {{convert|0.4|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}} 
| {{convert|28.2|km|abbr=on}}
| Buzzard Coulee bolide. Five times as bright as the full moon and broke apart before impact.<ref name="haag">{{cite news
 |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=62dedb5f-2ef7-4c1f-ade1-516293ac0fd1 
 |title=Hunt on for space rock 
 |last=Brooymans 
 |first=Hanneke 
 |date=November 22, 2008 
 |work=The Vancouver Sun 
 |publisher=The Edmonton Journal 
 |access-date=2008-11-24 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210081809/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=62dedb5f-2ef7-4c1f-ade1-516293ac0fd1 
 |archive-date=December 10, 2008 
}}</ref> Over 41&nbsp;kg of fragments collected.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=48654 Buzzard Couleein LPI]</ref> 
|-
| 2009, Feb 7<ref name=jpl/>
| Russia: Tyumen Oblast
| {{Coord|56.6|N|69.8|E}}
| {{convert|3.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2009, Oct 8<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]: coastal region in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| {{Coord|04|30|00|S|120|00|00|E}}
| {{convert|31|-|50|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}
| 2009 Sulawesi superbolide. No meteoritic material found (most likely fell into the ocean).<ref name=NASA-NEOP165>{{cite web|last=Yeomans|first=Don|display-authors=0|title=Asteroid Impactor Reported over Indonesia|url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news165.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026095704/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news165.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2009|work=Near Earth Object Program Office|publisher=NASA-NEOP|access-date=16 February 2013}}</ref> Occurred ~03:00 UTC; ~11:00 local time.<ref name="NASA-NEOP165"/>
|-
| 2009, Nov 21<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: {{wipe|South Africa}} / Zimbabwe
| {{Coord|22.0|S|29.2|E}}
| {{convert|18|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}}
| Impacted going {{convert|32.1|km/s|abbr=on}}.<ref name=jpl/> There were 56 witnesses of the bolide and two seismic recorder detections.<ref>Matthew Moore (2009).[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/6654054/South-Africa-meteor-display-caught-on-film.html South Africa meteor display caught on film], The Telegraph</ref><ref name=mnassa2011/>
|-
| 2010, July 10<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]: NE of [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]]
| {{Coord|34.1|S|174.5|W}}
| {{convert|14|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2010, Sep 3<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]
| {{Coord|61.0|S|146.7|E}}
| {{convert|3.8|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|33.3|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2010, Dec 25<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]: east of {{wipe|Japan}}
| {{Coord|38.0|N|158.0|E}}
| {{convert|33|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2011, May 25<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]: Cameroon
| {{Coord|4.1|N|14.0|E}}
| {{convert|4.8|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|59|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| style = "background:#ff6;"|2012, Apr 22
| United States: {{wipe|California}} and Nevada<ref>https://earthsky.org/space/loud-boom-and-bright-fireball-over-california-and-nevada-on-april-22 Booms and fireball over California and Nevada on April 22, 2012 caused by large asteroid</ref>
| {{Coord|37|6|N|120|5|W|}}
| 30–47&nbsp;km <ref name=kqed>{{Cite web|url = http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/20/stardust-and-sunbreath-in-the-sutters-mill-meteorite/|title = Stardust and Sunbreath in the Sutter's Mill Meteorite|date = 2012-12-20|access-date = 2013-02-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130217201852/http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/20/stardust-and-sunbreath-in-the-sutters-mill-meteorite/|archive-date = 2013-02-17|url-status = dead}}</ref>
| Sutter's Mill meteorite. Numerous fragments from object recovered. (Not in JPL reports.)
|-
| 2013, Jan 25<ref name=jpl/>
| Canada: Quebec
| {{Coord|60.3|N|64.6|W}}
| {{convert|6.9|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| –
| 
|-
| 2013, Feb 15<ref name=jpl/>
| Russia: near Chelyabinsk
| {{Coord|54|30|N|61|30|E|scale:5000000_region:RU_type:event|display=inline}}
| {{convert|500|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}} <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-061 | title=Additional Details on the Large Feb. 15 Fireball over Russia}}</ref>
| Estimated 30–50&nbsp;km <ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/meteorite-strikes-central-russia-hundreds-injured/article8711190/ | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | title=Meteorite strikes central Russia, hundreds injured | date=2013-02-15}}</ref>
| [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor|Chelyabinsk meteor]], about ~20 meters in diameter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.yahoo.com/possible-meteor-shower-reported-eastern-russia-052833588.html |title=Meteorite hits central Russia, more than 500 people hurt |first1=Natalia |last1=Shurmina |first2=Andrey |last2=Kuzmin |publisher={{wipe|Reuters}} |access-date=February 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215195937/http://news.yahoo.com/possible-meteor-shower-reported-eastern-russia-052833588.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 }}</ref> Largest meteor airburst known since Tunguska in 1908. More than a ton of fragments found, one large piece called the Chelyabinsk meteorite.
|-
| 2013, Apr 21<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:South America|South America]]: {{wipe|Argentina}}
| {{Coord|28.1|S|64.6|W}}
| {{convert|2.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|40.7|km|abbr=on}}
| The bolide was captured on video at a Los Tekis rock concert.<ref name=argent>[http://www.universetoday.com/101640/bright-meteor-rocks-argentina-rock-concert/ Bright Meteor Rocks Argentina Rock Concert]</ref> 
|-
| 2013, Apr 30<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]: SW of the Azores
| {{Coord|35.5|N|30.7|W}}
| {{convert|10|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|21.2|km|abbr=on}}
| Asteroid impact at a low 12.1 km/s
|-
| 2013, Oct 12<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]
| {{Coord|19.1|S|25.0|W}}
| {{convert|3.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|22|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| style = "background:#ff6;"|2013, Nov 26
| Canada: heard in {{wipe|Montreal}}, [[Place:Ottawa|Ottawa]], and New York
|
|{{convert|0.10|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/Mystery+Tuesday+boom+solved/9224471/story.html|title=Mystery of Tuesday's big boom near Montreal solved|author=Anne Sutherland|publisher=montrealgazette.com|date=2013-11-28|access-date=2014-02-28}}</ref>
|
|Montreal bolide.<ref>{{cite news
 |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/meteor-strike-in-quebec-bright-flash-of-light-and-loud-boom-widely-reported-1.1562545
 |title=Meteor strike in Quebec? Bright flash of light and loud boom widely reported 
 |date=2013-11-27
 |access-date=2013-11-29
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127233218/http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/meteor-strike-in-quebec-bright-flash-of-light-and-loud-boom-widely-reported-1.1562545
 |archive-date=2013-11-27
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://video.ca.msn.com/watch/video/possible-meteor-in-quebec-ontario/16av5pupp
 |title=Meteor in Quebec, Ontario
 |date=2013-11-28
 |access-date=2013-11-29
 |quote=Jaymie Matthews, professor of astrophysics at the University of British Columbia, says a meteor was likely the cause of a strange boom heard Tuesday night in Quebec and Ontario
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060904/http://video.ca.msn.com/watch/video/possible-meteor-in-quebec-ontario/16av5pupp
 |archive-date=2013-12-03
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/11/26/massive-blast-heard-near-quebec-ontario-border-likely-a-meteor-expert/
 |title=Massive blast heard near Quebec, Ontario border likely a meteor: expert
 |date=2013-11-26
 |access-date=2013-11-29
 |quote="[...] This has the hallmark of a meteor blast," said Andrew Fazekas, a spokesman with the Montreal Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/speculation-rampant-of-possible-meteorite-strike-in-western-quebec-region/article15625562/
 |title='Huge flash of blue light' spotted around Montreal, Ottawa most likely a meteor 
 |date=2013-11-27
 |access-date=2013-11-29
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127115606/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/speculation-rampant-of-possible-meteorite-strike-in-western-quebec-region/article15625562/
 |archive-date=2013-11-27
 |quote=Reports have come from throughout the Ottawa region, through Montreal, Laval, and as far south as upper New York state, near the city of Plattsburgh, he said. There have been no reports of damage.
 |location=Toronto
 |work=The Globe and Mail
}}</ref>
|-
| 2014, Jan 8<ref name=jpl/>
| Pacific Ocean; north of Papua New Guinea
| {{Coord|1.3|S|147.6|E}}
| {{convert|0.11|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| 18.7 km
| Potentially interstellar originating from an unbound hyperbolic orbit based on an [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 2.4, an inclination of 10°, and a speed of 43.8 km/s when outside of the Solar System.<ref name=Siraj2019>{{cite journal
  |last1=Siraj |first1=Amir
  |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham
  |title=Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin
  |journal=[[Astronomy:The Astrophysical Journal|The Astrophysical Journal]]
  |year=2019
  |arxiv=1904.07224|bibcode=2019arXiv190407224S
 }}</ref> This would make it notably faster than [[Astronomy:ʻOumuamua|ʻOumuamua]] which was 26.3 km/s when outside the Solar System. The meteor is estimated to have been 0.9 meters in diameter.
|-
| 2014, Feb 18<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:South America|South America]]: {{wipe|Argentina}}
| {{Coord|32.8|S|61.5|W}}
| {{convert|0.1|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| –
| Even though this was a low-energy event, there were reports of windows and buildings shaking.<ref name=phys>{{cite web |date=2014-02-18 |title=Scientists probe meteor link to Argentina explosion |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-02-scientists-probe-meteor-link-argentina.html |publisher=Phys.org}} [https://www.facebook.com/groups/inerc/permalink/583944378359407/ INERC]</ref>
|-
| 2014, Aug 23<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Southern Ocean|Antarctic Ocean]]
| {{Coord|61.7|S|132.6|E}}
| {{convert|7.6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|22.2|km|abbr=on}}
|
|-
| 2015, Jul 4<ref name=jpl/>
| {{wipe|China}}
| {{Coord|38.6|N|103.1|E}}
| {{convert|0.18|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|46.3|km|abbr=on}}
| Head-on collision at {{cvt|49|km/s|kph}}. Fastest collision in the CNEOS Fireball and Bolide database. 
|-
| 2015, Sep 7<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]: [[Place:Bangkok|Bangkok]], Thailand
| {{Coord|14.5|N|98.9|E}}
| {{convert|3.9|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|29.3|km|abbr=on}}
| The 2015 Thailand meteor daylight bolide around 08:40 local time (UTC+7). Caught on <!--Bangkok 8:00-24:00 = 16h, +7h=UTC + 8h=youtube-timezone--> at least 9 videos of dash and helmet cams online<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RavHx9peVM Meteor Meteor over Bangkok, Thailand, 7 September 2015, youtube.com (video 00:51, 7 sights, review of youtube) 07 September 2015, retrieved 08 September 2015.</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvBWiz7z6_Y Meteor Fireball Falls in Bangkok Thailand 09/07/201 (Different Angles) VIDEO, youtube.com (video 04:04, 2 sights, repeated) 07 September 2015, retrieved 08 September 2015.</ref>
|-
| 2015, Nov 13<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]: India
| {{Coord|16.0|N|124.3|E}} 
| {{convert|0.3|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|28.0|km|abbr=on}}
| Komar Gaon bolide. A daylight meteor accompanied by almost a minute of sonic booms.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=63102 Komar Gaon at LPI]</ref>
|-
| 2015, Dec 12<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]: eastern [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]
| {{Coord|39.1|N|40.2|E}}
| {{convert|0.13|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|39.8|km|abbr=on}}
| Sariçiçek meteorite. A bright fireball was seen and then heard as it exploded over a Turkish village.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=62806 Sariçiçek at LPI]</ref> More than 15&nbsp;kg of fragments were found and villagers made an est. $300,000 selling the space rocks.<ref name=seibert>Thomas Seibert (2015). [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/12/12/a-meteorite-saved-my-town.html A Meteorite Saved My Town], Dec 12, 2015.</ref> 
|-
| 2016, Feb 6<ref name=jpl/> 
| [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]: NW of Tristan da Cunha island
| {{Coord|30.4|S|25.5|W}}
| {{convert|13|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|31|km|abbr=on}}
| Largest fireball for 2016.<ref>Paul Rincon (2016).[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35645854 Large space rock burns up over Atlantic], BBC News</ref>
|-
| style = "background:#ff6;"|2016, May 17
| United States: NE coast
| {{Coord|44.4|N|71.2|W}}
| 
| 
| Many eyewitnesses, and some heard a sonic boom.<ref>https://www.amsmeteors.org/2016/05/huge-fireball-over-northeastern-us/ Huge Fireball over Northeastern US</ref>
|-
| style = "background:#ff6;"|2017, Nov 16 
| Europe: Inari, Finland
| {{Coord|69.1|N|28.6|E}}
| 
| 20–91&nbsp;km
| A meteoroid weighing a few hundred kg exploded in an airburst and dropped tens of kg of meteorites into a remote area of Finnish Lapland.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/fragments_of_meteor_up_for_grabs_in_lapland_wilderness/9943695 |title = Fragments of meteor up for grabs in Lapland wilderness}}</ref> The resulting shockwave was felt on the surface.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/11/18/watch-meteor-lights-up-night-sky-as-it-crashes-over-finland |title = Watch: Meteor lights up night sky as it crashes over Finland|date = 2017-11-18}}</ref> The event was detected by 7 infrasound stations.<ref>[https://twitter.com/WRandyBell/status/931553796668514304 Nov 16th fireball over far northern Scandinavia] – W. Randy Bell</ref>
|-
| 2017, Dec 15<ref name=jpl/>
| Russia: Kamchatka
| {{Coord|60.2|N|170.0|E}}
| {{convert|6.4|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}}
| The asteroid likely had a diameter of 2–5 meters prior to impact. But because it happened in a remote area in Kamchatka, there were likely no eyewitnesses. The event was detected at 11 CTBTO infrasound stations.<ref>[https://twitter.com/WRandyBell/status/942720050762600449 Dec 15th #fireball over Kamchatka detected at 11 #CTBTO infrasound stations] – W. Randy Bell</ref>
|-
| 2018, Jan 22<ref name=jpl/>
| [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]: off Senegal's coast
| {{Coord|14.0|N|17.4|W}}
| {{convert|0.11|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
|
| Not related to [[Astronomy:Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System|ATLAS]] detected object A106fgF that had an impact track well south of Senegal.
|-
| 2018, Jun 21<ref name=jpl/>
| {{wipe|Russia}}: Kursk Oblast
| {{Coord|52.8|N|38.1|E}}
| {{convert|2.8|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|27.2|km|abbr=on}}
| Loud sonic booms were reported<ref>https://www.imo.net/daytime-fireball-over-russia-on-june-21/ Daytime Fireball over Russia on June 21</ref> as well as fragments found.<ref> https://earthsky.org/space/asteroid-exploded-disintegrated-over-russia-june-21-2018 Fragments found for small asteroid that exploded over Russia</ref>
|-
| 2018, Dec 18<ref name=jpl/>
| Bering Sea, near Kamchatka, Russia
| {{Coord|56.9|N|172.4|E}}
| {{convert|173|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|25.6|km|abbr=on}}
| Kamchatka superbolide asteroid (~10 meters in diameter) impacting at a fast 32 km/s. Largest airburst since Chelyabinsk.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47607696 US detects huge meteor explosion]</ref>
|-
| 2019, Feb 18<ref name=jpl/>
| Africa: Zambia
| {{Coord|15.5|S|25.3|E}}
| {{convert|4.2|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}}
| 
|-
| 2019, June 22<ref name=jpl/>
| Caribbean Sea
| {{Coord|14.9|N|66.2|W}}
| {{convert|6|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}
| 2019 MO (~3 meters in diameter) seen by ATLAS 12 hours before impact.
|-
| 2020, December 22<ref name=jpl/>
| Qinghai province, China
| {{Coord|31.9|N|96.2|E}}
| {{convert|9.5|ktTNT|TJ|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|35.5|km|abbr=on}}
| Asteroid (~8 meters in diameter) impacting at a relatively slow 13.6 km/s. Largest known impact since 2018 December 18.
|-
|}

{{legend|#ffff66|After 2005, but not in JPL reports.|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

Note: For sorting purposes, location is given in ''"general:specific"'' format. For example, "Europe: Spain". This table contains a chronological list of events with a large yield at least 3 kilotons since 2005, with earlier or smaller events included if widely covered in the media.

=== Airbursts per year ===

As of January 2020, the number of airbursts each year since 2005, as reported in the ''JPL Fireball and Bolide Reports'' are:<ref name="jpl"/>

{| class ="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" 
|-
! Year !! Number of<br> airbursts
|-
| 2019 || 42
|-
| 2018 || 39
|-
| 2017 || 26
|-
| 2016 || 29
|-
| 2015 || 43
|-
| 2014 || 33
|-
| 2013 || 20
|-
| 2012 || 31
|-
| 2011 || 23
|-
| 2010 || 32
|-
| 2009 || 25
|-
| 2008 || 27
|-
| 2007 || 21
|-
| 2006 || 32
|-
| 2005 || 38
|}

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:1972 Great Daylight Fireball|1972 Great Daylight Fireball]] – assumed to be still in an Earth-crossing orbit
* 2007 Carancas impact event – mostly intact until object hit the ground
* [[Astronomy:Impact event|Impact event]]
* [[Astronomy:Asteroid impact prediction|Asteroid impact prediction]]
* [[Astronomy:Meteorite fall|Meteorite fall]]
* [[Astronomy:List of bolides|List of bolides]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em| refs =

<ref name=B612>{{Cite web |url=https://b612foundation.org/list-of-impacts-from-impact-video/ |title=B612 list of infrasound detections from 2000–2013 |access-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015641/https://b612foundation.org/list-of-impacts-from-impact-video/ |archive-date=2014-04-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name=jpl>[https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/ Fireball and Bolide Reports] (JPL)</ref>

<ref name=mnassa2011>
{{cite web
 |date=June 2011
 |title=Fireball and Bolide Observations; 2009–2010
 |author=T P Cooper
 |url=http://www.mnassa.org.za/html/Jun2011/2011MNASSA..70..Jun..107.pdf
 |access-date=2014-09-22
}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=P. G. |last2=Assink |first2=J. D. |last3=Astiz |first3=L. |last4=Blaauw |first4=R. |last5=Boslough |first5=M. B. |last6=Borovička |first6=J. |last7=Brachet |first7=N. |last8=Brown |first8=D. |last9=Campbell-Brown |first9=M. |last10=Ceranna |first10=L. |last11=Cooke |first11=W. |last12=de Groot-Hedlin |first12=C. |last13=Drob |first13=D. P. |last14=Edwards |first14=W. |last15=Evers |first15=L. G. |last16=Garces |first16=M. |last17=Gill |first17=J. |last18=Hedlin |first18=M. |last19=Kingery |first19=A. |last20=Laske |first20=G. |last21=Le Pichon |first21=A. |last22=Mialle |first22=P. |last23=Moser |first23=D. E. |last24=Saffer |first24=A. |last25=Silber |first25=E. |last26=Smets |first26=P. |last27=Spalding |first27=R. E. |last28=Spurný |first28=P. |last29=Tagliaferri |first29=E. |last30=Uren |first30=D. |last31=Weryk |first31=R. J. |last32=Whitaker |first32=R. |last33=Krzeminski |first33=Z. |date=2013 |title=A 500-kiloton airburst over Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors |journal=Nature |volume=503 |issue=7475 |pages=238–241 |bibcode=2013Natur.503..238B |doi=10.1038/nature12741 |display-authors=29 |pmid=24196713|hdl=10125/33201 |s2cid=4450349 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=de la Fuente Marcos |first1=C. |last2=de la Fuente Marcos |first2=R. |date=2015 |title=Recent multi-kiloton impact events: are they truly random? |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |volume=446 |issue=1 |pages=L31–L35 |arxiv=1409.0452 |bibcode=2015MNRAS.446L..31D|doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slu144|s2cid=118467101 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yau |first1=Kevin |last2=Weissman |first2=Paul |last3=Yeomans |first3=Donald |date=1994 |title=Meteorite falls in China and some related human casualty events |journal=Meteoritics |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=864–871 |bibcode=1994Metic..29..864Y |issn=0026-1114 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.1994.tb01101.x }}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EZvGL1KvIw Asteroid Impacts on Earth More Powerful than Nuclear Bomb] (YouTube)
* [https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21601232-skyfalls Asteroid impacts larger than 1 kiloton of TNT]
* [http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380 New Map Shows Frequency of Small Asteroid Impacts, Provides Clues on Larger Asteroid Population] (Bolide events from 1994 to 2013 for asteroids ~1+ meter in diameter)
* [https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/ Fireball and Bolide Reports] (JPL)
* [http://guaix.fis.ucm.es/historicalsuperbolides Newspaper archives drop hints about the Chelyabinsk event and other superbolides]

{{Modern impact events}}

[[Category:Earth mysteries]]
[[Category:Impact events|*]]
[[Category:Space lists]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of meteor air bursts|1}}