View source for Astronomy:Luna 25

{{Short description|Failed Russian lunar lander}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = Luna-25
| names_list         = Luna-Glob lander
| image              = Maquette-Luna-Glob-Lander-b-DSC 0075.jpg
| image_caption      = Luna 25 lunar lander mock-up
| image_size         = 300px
| mission_type       = [[Engineering:Technology|Technology]], reconnaissance
| operator           = [[Organization:Russian Space Research Institute|SRI RAS (IKI RAN)]]
| website            = {{url|https://iki.cosmos.ru/missions/luna-25}}
| mission_duration   = {{ubl|1 year (planned) | Actual: c. 9 days (mission failure)<ref name="forbes-20190726">{{cite web|last=Carter|first=Jamie|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2019/07/26/what-is-luna-27-a-soviet-era-moon-digger-revived-to-hunt-for-water-at-the-moons-south-pole/|title=A Soviet-Era 'Moon Digger' Program Is Being Revived To Hunt For Water At The Moon's South Pole|work=Forbes|date=26 July 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915050411/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2019/07/26/what-is-luna-27-a-soviet-era-moon-digger-revived-to-hunt-for-water-at-the-moons-south-pole/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| spacecraft_type    = Robotic lander
| spacecraft_bus     = 
| manufacturer       = [[Company:Lavochkin|NPO Lavochkin]]
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|1750|kg}}<ref name="gunters"/>
| landing_mass       = 
| dry_mass           = 
| payload_mass       = {{cvt|30|kg}}
| dimensions         = 
| launch_date        = {{Start date|2023|08|10|23|10|57.189|Z|df=y}}<ref name="Leonard 2023">{{cite news |last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=Russia launches Luna 25 moon lander, its 1st lunar probe in 47 years |url=https://www.space.com/russia-luna-25-moon-mission-launch-success |access-date=11 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811024205/https://www.space.com/russia-luna-25-moon-mission-launch-success |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Luna 25 launch broadcast|language=ru|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgi2pIFrnW4&t=4465|access-date=12 August 2023|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812172120/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgi2pIFrnW4&t=4465|url-status=live}}</ref>
| launch_rocket      = [[Engineering:Soyuz-2|Soyuz-2.1b]] / [[Engineering:Fregat|Fregat]]<ref name="Meet 2014">{{cite conference|last=Mitrofanov|first=Igor|title="Luna-Glob" and "Luna-Resurs": science goals, payload and status |url=http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-6696.pdf|conference=EGU General Assembly 2014}}</ref>
| launch_site        = Vostochny Cosmodrome<ref name="roscosmos-20210820">{{cite web |url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/32248/ |title=Запуск станции «Луна-25» запланирован на май 2022 года |trans-title=The launch of the Luna 25 spacecraft is scheduled for May 2022 |work=[[Company:Roscosmos|Roscosmos]] |date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |language=ru |archive-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930195658/https://www.roscosmos.ru/32248/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_contractor  = 

{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
| type               = lander
| object             = [[Astronomy:Moon|Lunar]]
| arrival_date       = {{end date|2023|08|19|11|57||Z|df=y}} (crashed)
| location           = near-[[Astronomy:Lunar south pole|Lunar south pole]] (intended)<br/>{{Coord|57.865|S|61.360|E|globe:Moon|display=inline,title}} (crash site)<br/>([[Astronomy:Pontécoulant (crater)|Pontécoulant G]] crater)
}}

| insignia           = Luna 25 mission patch.png
| insignia_caption   = Luna 25 mission patch
| insignia_size      = 150px
| programme          = [[Astronomy:Luna-Glob|Luna-Glob programme]]
| previous_mission   = [[Astronomy:Luna 24|Luna 24]]
| next_mission       = [[Astronomy:Luna 26|Luna 26]]
}}
'''Luna 25''' (or '''Luna-25'''; {{lang-ru|Луна-25}}) was a failed Russian [[Astronomy:Lunar lander|lunar lander]] mission by [[Company:Roscosmos|Roscosmos]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|title=Chandrayaan-3 Vs Russia's Luna-25 Which one is likely to win the space race|date=14 August 2023|access-date=16 August 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816051849/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> in August 2023 that planned to land near the [[Astronomy:Lunar south pole|lunar south pole]], in the vicinity of the crater [[Astronomy:Boguslawsky (crater)|Boguslawsky]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonathan |date=2023-08-21 |title=Russian Moon lander crash — what happened, and what's next? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02659-6 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-02659-6 |pmid=37604864 |s2cid=261063736 |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822132819/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02659-6 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Initially called the '''Luna-Glob lander''' ({{lang-ru|Луна-Глоб}}), it was renamed Luna 25 to emphasize continuity with the Soviet [[Astronomy:Luna programme|Luna programme]] from the 1970s, though it was still part of what was at one point conceptualized as the [[Astronomy:Luna-Glob|Luna-Glob]] lunar exploration programme. It was the first lunar lander that the Russian space agency Roscosmos has sent to the Moon (notwithstanding the ones sent by the [[Astronomy:Soviet space program|Soviet space program]]) and would have been the first lander to land on the lunar south pole.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's Luna 25 could land on the moon days before Chandrayaan-3: How the two missions compare |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/russias-luna-25-chandrayaan-3-how-the-two-missions-compare-8890955/ |work=The Indian Express |date=13 August 2023 |language=en |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814122900/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/russias-luna-25-chandrayaan-3-how-the-two-missions-compare-8890955/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Luna 25 mission lifted off on 10 August 2023, 23:10 UTC, atop a [[Engineering:Soyuz-2#Soyuz-2.1b|Soyuz-2.1b]] rocket from the Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia's far eastern Amur Region,<ref name="Leonard 2023" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/as-chandrayaan-3-and-luna-25-prepare-to-land-on-moon-two-questions-8898944/|title=As Chandrayaan-3 and Luna 25 prepare to land on Moon, two questions|date=19 August 2023|access-date=19 August 2023|archive-date=19 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819150636/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/as-chandrayaan-3-and-luna-25-prepare-to-land-on-moon-two-questions-8898944/|url-status=live}}</ref> and on 16 August entered [[Astronomy:Lunar orbit|lunar orbit]]. On 19 August at 11:57 UTC, the lander crashed on the Moon's surface after a failed orbital manoeuvre.<ref name="sn20230820" /><ref name="gunters">{{cite web|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna-glob.htm|title=Luna-Glob (Luna 25)|work=Gunter's Space Page|date=3 December 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724002617/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna-glob.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |title=Russia's Luna-25 Lander Has Crashed into the Moon |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/russias-luna-25-lander-has-crashed-into-the-moon/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Scientific American |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822132821/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/russias-luna-25-lander-has-crashed-into-the-moon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:001_Луна_25_(4).jpg|thumb|left|Proposed landing sites]]
[[File:Suggested landing ellipses for Luna-Glob.png|thumb|Suggested landing ellipses for Luna-Glob (Luna-25). Primary ellipses are 1, 4, 6 and secondary ellipses are 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and B1, B2.]]

The previous lunar lander in the series was a Soviet craft, [[Astronomy:Luna 24|Luna 24]], launched in 1976. Nascent plans for what became Luna 25 began in the late 1990s, with the evaluation of two spacecraft designs having taken place by 1998. Attempts to revive and complete the project continued throughout the 2000s and were punctuated by an aborted attempt at international cooperation via a merger with [[Organization:JAXA|JAXA]]'s now-cancelled [[Astronomy:Lunar-A|Lunar-A]] orbiter, and pressure from another attempted cooperative lunar mission with [[Astronomy:Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) (which [[Astronomy:Chandrayaan-2|continued without Russia's involvement]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob.html|title=Luna-Glob project|publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com|date=19 June 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915050356/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Initial mission plans called for a lander and orbiter, with the latter also deploying impact penetrators. In its final form, Luna 25 was a lander only, with a primary mission of testing the [[Astronomy:Moon landing|landing technology]]. The mission carried {{cvt|30|kg}} of scientific instruments, including a [[Engineering:Robotic arm|robotic arm]] for soil samples and possible [[Engineering:Drilling rig|drilling hardware]].<ref name=gunters/><ref>{{cite web|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob_lander.html|title=The Luna-Glob lander|work=RussianSpaceWeb.com|date=9 October 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220070413/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob_lander.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Delays in the 2010s came first from the significant rework and delay brought on by the failure of Phobos-Grunt in 2011. At this point the modern Luna 25 design was developed. Later work on the lander was slowed by resource pressures being placed upon spacecraft developer [[Company:Lavochkin|NPO Lavochkin]], such as the [[Engineering:Weather satellite|weather satellite]] Elektro-L No.2 and the [[Astronomy:Spektr-RG|Spektr-RG]] observatory,<ref>{{cite web|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob_2013.html|title=Luna-Glob (Luna 25) project in 2013|publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com|date=11 December 2017|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316151707/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna_glob_2013.html|url-status=live}}</ref> as well the landing platform Russia was contributing to ExoMars 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna-glob-status-2015.html|title=Development of the Luna-Glob project in 2014 and 2015|publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com|date=12 January 2018|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323232809/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna-glob-status-2015.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 2017, the propulsion system for the spacecraft was in assembly.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna-glob-2017.html|title=Luna-Glob's stop and go|publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com|date=31 March 2018|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128085433/http://russianspaceweb.com/luna-glob-2017.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The intended landing site was located at {{coords|69.545|S|43.544|E|globe:moon|display=inline|format=dec|name=Luna 25 primary landing site}} (north of the crater [[Astronomy:Boguslawsky (crater)|Boguslavsky]]), with two backup locations at {{coords|68.773|S|21.210|E|globe:moon|display=inline|format=dec|name=Luna 25 alternate landing site}} (southwest of the Manzini crater) and {{coords|68.648|S|11.553|E|globe:moon|display=inline|format=dec|name=Luna 25 alternate landing site}} (south of [[Astronomy:Pentland (crater)|Pentland A]] crater).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ЛУНА-25 {{!}} Space Research Institute – IKI |url=https://iki.cosmos.ru/missions/luna-25 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=iki.cosmos.ru |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812112607/https://iki.cosmos.ru/missions/luna-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The planned mission duration of the lander on the surface of the Moon was to be at least one Earth year.<ref name=":0" />

At least 12.5 billion roubles (over US$130 million) had been spent on the project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=Что ждет российскую лунную миссию после потери аппарата "Луна-25" и как по ней ударят санкции – объясняет эксперт |url=https://www.currenttime.tv/a/iz-za-sanktsiy-roskosmos-ne-smozhet-povtorit-lunu-25/32557068.html |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Настоящее Время |language=ru |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822132823/https://www.currenttime.tv/a/iz-za-sanktsiy-roskosmos-ne-smozhet-povtorit-lunu-25/32557068.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title=Роскосмос: «Луна-25» потерпела крушение, станция столкнулась с поверхностью Луны |url=https://rtvi.com/news/roskosmos-luna-25-poterpela-krushenie-stancziya-stolknulas-s-poverhnostyu-luny/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=RTVI |language=ru}}</ref>

== Science payload ==
The lander featured a {{cvt|30|kg}} [[Engineering:Payload|payload]] comprising eight Russian science instruments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Luna 25 (Luna-Glob Lander) Payload|url=http://www.iki.rssi.ru/eng/luna25.htm|website=Iki.rssi.ru|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929091011/http://www.iki.rssi.ru/eng/luna25.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NASA – Spacecraft Luna 25 – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUNA-25 |publisher=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601091139/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUNA-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* ADRON-LR, active neutron and gamma-ray analysis of regolith
* ARIES-L, measurement of [[Physics:Plasma|plasma]] in the [[Earth:Exosphere|exosphere]]
* LASMA-LR, laser mass-spectrometer
* LIS-TV-RPM, infrared spectrometry of minerals and imaging
* PmL, measurement of dust and micro-meteorites
* THERMO-L, measurement of the thermal properties of regolith
* STS-L, panoramic and local imaging
* Laser [[Organization:Retroreflector|retroreflector]], Moon [[Astronomy:Libration|libration]] and ranging experiments

LINA-XSAN, a Swedish payload, was originally to fly with Luna 25, but delays to the launch date caused Sweden to cancel this plan. Instead, LINA-XSAN flew on [[Astronomy:Chang'e 4|Chang'e 4]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pillet|first=Nicolas|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/06/russias-luna-glob-technical-political-ballistic-issues/|title=Russia's Luna-Glob faces technical, political and ballistic issues|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=25 June 2018|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528013051/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/06/russias-luna-glob-technical-political-ballistic-issues/|url-status=live}}</ref>

ESA's PILOT-D navigation demonstration camera was planned to be flown on this mission, but flew instead with a commercial service provider,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA's PROSPECT lunar drill (originally scheduled to fly on Luna-27) will now fly on a NASA CLPS mission. ESA's PILoT-D (originally planned for Luna 25) navigation camera is "already being procured from a commercial service provider." |url=https://twitter.com/europespace360/status/1514233988579315721 |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=Twitter |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414044721/https://twitter.com/europespace360/status/1514233988579315721 |url-status=live }}</ref> due to continued international collaboration having been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Witze |first1=Alexandra |title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine is redrawing the geopolitics of space |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00727-x |journal=Nature |access-date=13 March 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00727-x |date=11 March 2022 |pmid=35277688 |s2cid=247407886 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313014509/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00727-x |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Redirecting ESA programmes in response to geopolitical crisis |url=https://www.esa.int/Newsroom/Press_Releases/Redirecting_ESA_programmes_in_response_to_geopolitical_crisis |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413140801/https://www.esa.int/Newsroom/Press_Releases/Redirecting_ESA_programmes_in_response_to_geopolitical_crisis |url-status=live }}</ref> The demonstration instrument was supposed to collect data for the landing of other missions and was therefore not part of the lander's operating system.<ref>{{cite news |title=Europe halts moon exploration partnership with Russia, looks to replace Ukraine-built rocket engines |url=https://www.space.com/europe-moon-pertnership-russia-ukraine-rocket-engines |work=Space.com |date=13 April 2022 |language=en |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814122901/https://www.space.com/europe-moon-pertnership-russia-ukraine-rocket-engines |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Flight ==
{{external media
| title  = External video
| float  = right
| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYVEKggrZUM Luna-25 launch]
}}

The launch took place on 10 August 2023 from Vostochny Cosmodrome on a [[Engineering:Soyuz-2|Soyuz-2]] rocket with a [[Engineering:Fregat|Fregat]] upper stage.<ref name="Leonard 2023" /><ref name="tass-20230605">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/kosmos/17932551 |title=Запуск первой в истории современной России миссии на Луну запланировали на 11 августа |trans-title=The launch of the first mission to the Moon in the history of modern Russia was scheduled for August 11 |language=ru |date=5 June 2023 |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=TASS |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605143827/https://tass.ru/kosmos/17932551 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ria-20220408">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20220408/kosmos-1782483820.html |title=Запуск миссии "Луна-25" с космодрома Восточный запланировали на 22 августа |trans-title=The launch of the Luna 25 mission from the Vostochny Cosmodrome was scheduled for August 22 |work=RIA Novosti |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |language=ru |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408105009/https://ria.ru/20220408/kosmos-1782483820.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ria-20200317">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20200317/1568701598.html|title=Россия запустит космический аппарат на Луну 1 октября 2021 года|trans-title=Russia will launch a spacecraft to the moon on October 1, 2021|agency=RIA Novosti|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|language=ru|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317054917/https://ria.ru/20200317/1568701598.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 August, the lander entered [[Astronomy:Lunar orbit|lunar orbit]], with a scheduled landing date of 21 August.<ref name="reuters20230816">{{cite news |title=Russia's Luna-25 spacecraft enters lunar orbit -space agency |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/russias-luna-25-spacecraft-enters-lunar-orbit-space-agency-2023-08-16/ |work=Reuters |date=16 August 2023 |language=en |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816142923/https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/russias-luna-25-spacecraft-enters-lunar-orbit-space-agency-2023-08-16/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Crash ===
[[File:Luna 25 Impact Site.jpg|thumb|Luna 25 impact site (arrowed), photographed by [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]'s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter on 26 August 2023. The field of view is 1,100 meters wide, with lunar north at the top. ]]

On 19 August, Roscosmos declared an "abnormal situation" after commanding the lander to move into a pre-landing orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Госкорпорация «Роскосмос» |trans-title=State Corporation Roscosmos |url=https://t.me/roscosmos_gk/10535 |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Telegram |language=ru |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819153320/https://t.me/roscosmos_gk/10535 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=19 August 2023 |title=Is Luna 25 alive? Russia says an "emergency situation" has occurred |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/08/russia-seems-to-have-lost-contact-with-its-first-lunar-probe-in-half-a-century/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820011331/https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/08/russia-seems-to-have-lost-contact-with-its-first-lunar-probe-in-half-a-century/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Director General of Roscosmos Yuri Borisov, a maneuvering engine could not be shut down, and ran for 127 seconds instead of 84.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEIT ONLINE {{!}} Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl. |url=https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fwissen%2F2023-08%2Frussland-roskosmos-mondmission-luna-25-fortsetzung |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.zeit.de}}</ref> The lander crashed on the lunar surface following the failed maneuver,<ref name="sn20230820">{{cite news |title=Luna-25 crashes into moon after orbit maneuver |last=Jones|first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/luna-25-crashes-into-moon-after-orbit-maneuver/ |work=SpaceNews |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=20 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ГК «Роскосмос»: Об автоматической станции «Луна-25» |trans-title=Roscosmos State Corporation: About the Luna-25 automatic station |url=https://iki.cosmos.ru/news/gk-roskosmos-ob-avtomaticheskoy-stancii-luna-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820095437/https://iki.cosmos.ru/news/gk-roskosmos-ob-avtomaticheskoy-stancii-luna-25 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=iki.cosmos.ru |publisher=Space Research Institute – IKI |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="cnn" /> which created a trajectory that intersected with the Moon instead of a planned elliptical orbit with a minimum distance of 18km.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roscosmos Confirms Luna-25 Crash |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/space/roscosmos-confirms-luna-25-crash |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=aviationweek.com |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821191144/https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/space/roscosmos-confirms-luna-25-crash |url-status=live }}</ref>

Roscosmos said that it had lost contact with the spacecraft 47 minutes after the start of the engine firing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's Lunar Lander Crashes Into the Moon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/20/science/russia-moon-space-crash.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821160929/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/20/science/russia-moon-space-crash.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Attempts on 19 and 20 August to locate and re-establish contact with the spacecraft were unsuccessful,<ref name="cnn">{{cite web |author=Pavlova |first1=Uliana |last2=Stambaugh |first2=Alex |date=20 August 2023 |title=Russia's first moon mission in decades fails after spacecraft collides with surface |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/20/world/luna-25-spacecraft-moon-collision-intl/index.html |accessdate=20 August 2023 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820094504/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/20/world/luna-25-spacecraft-moon-collision-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a commission was formed to investigate the crash.<ref name="cnn" />

The LRO camera team located the likely location of the impact crater, after an estimate was published by Russian researchers. The crash site is situated on the steep inner rim of the [[Astronomy:Pontécoulant (crater)|Pontécoulant G]] crater, which is only 400 kilometers short of Luna 25’s intended landing point if it did attempt a landing procedure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steigerwald |first=Bill |date=2023-08-30 |title=NASA's LRO Observes Crater Likely from Luna 25 Impact |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/lro-luna-25-impact |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=NASA}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:Chandrayaan-3|Chandrayaan-3]]
* [[Astronomy:Smart Lander for Investigating Moon|SLIM]]
* [[Astronomy:Chang'e 6|Chang'e 6]]
* [[Astronomy:Lunar water|Lunar water]]
* [[Astronomy:List of missions to the Moon|List of missions to the Moon]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Flight of Luna 25 to the Moon |url=https://spec.tass.ru/luna-25/zapusk-luny-25/polyot |publisher=spec.tass.ru |access-date=26 July 2023 |language=Russian}}
* [http://selena.sai.msu.ru/Home/moone.htm Lunar and Planetary Department Moscow University]
* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna.php Soviet Luna Chronology]
* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/expmoon/luna/luna.html Exploring the Moon: Luna Missions]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVbIqcpHcOg Luna-25 Mission Live Tracking]

{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Russian space program}}
{{Solar System probes}}

[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]
[[Category:Russian space probes]]
[[Category:Russian lunar exploration program]]

{{Sourceattribution|Luna 25}}