View source for Astronomy:Mir EO-19

{{short description|Nineteenth expedition to Mir space station}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Mir EO-19
| image                 = Earth & Mir (STS-71).jpg
| image_caption         = Mir backdropped by Earth, as seen by the departing STS-71 crew
| insignia              = Mir EO-19 patch.png

| mission_type          = Mir expedition
| mission_duration      = <!--(at Mir)<br />--><small>75.47&nbsp;days<ref name=astronautix/> (launch to landing)</small>
| orbits_completed      = 1194

| crew_size             = Two
| crew_members          = [[Biography:Anatoly Solovyev|Anatoly Solovyev]]<br />Nikolai Budarin
| crew_callsign         = 
| crew_EVAs             = 
| crew_EVA_duration     = 
| crew_photo            = 
| crew_photo_caption    =

| space_station         = [[Astronomy:Mir|Mir]]
| start_date            = {{start-date|29 June 1995}}
| end_date              = {{end-date|11 September 1995}}
| arrival_craft         = [[Engineering:STS-71|STS-71]]<ref name=sts71>{{cite web|title=STS-71|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-71.html|work=Mission Archives|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref><br /><small>{{OV|104}}</small>
| departure_craft       = [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-21|Soyuz TM-21]]<ref name=astronautix>{{cite web|title=Mir EO-19 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/mireo19.htm |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427095706/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/mireo19.htm |archive-date=April 27, 2009 }}</ref>

| previous_mission      = EO-18
| next_mission          = [[Astronomy:Mir EO-20|EO-20]]
| programme             = Long-term [[Astronomy:Mir|Mir]] [[Astronomy:List of Mir expeditions|expeditions]]
}}

'''Mir EO-19''' ({{lang-ru|Мир ЭО-19}}, also known as '''Principal Expedition 19''')<ref name=nasachronicle>{{cite web|title=Mir Principal Expedition 19|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:h5u4whSLznAJ:spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/references/documents/mirmc-mir19.pdf+mir+expedition+19&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShJ5idG3yEih0OTKIvtUwKjtqwkCqHSuAtq-pmxOBuSExnwD0uz5vQAO-hKFPVV1-jIP6IHPOLr66guBLstltcM6GO9glMgmuTaDSUOQu-Ha9XnkdTQQ7caonMf7rJYig0VianO&sig=AHIEtbRLj-N_wDzkOrCDV9UenNPOHbUlLw|work=Mir Mission Chronicle November 1994&mdash;August 1996|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> was the nineteenth crewed expedition to the space station [[Astronomy:Mir|Mir]], lasting from June to September 1995. The crew, consisting of {{wipe|Russia}}n [[Astronaut|cosmonauts]] [[Biography:Anatoly Solovyev|Anatoly Solovyev]] and Nikolai Budarin, launched on June 27, 1995 aboard the [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] on the [[Engineering:STS-71|STS-71]] mission. After remaining aboard Mir for approximately 75 days, Solovyev and Budarin returned aboard the [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-21|Soyuz TM-21]] spacecraft on September 11, 1995.<ref name=astronautix/><ref name=spacefacts>{{cite web|title=Mir: Expedition 19|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/mir/english/mir-19.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref>

EO-19 lasted just under three months and was the only complete all-Russian crewed expedition to Mir in 1995 and was the first Mir expedition launched on an American [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]]. The mission that launched EO-19, STS-71, was the first Space Shuttle docking to Mir.<ref name=nasachronicle/>

== Crew ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Mir EO-19<ref name=spacefacts/><ref name=rsw>{{cite web|title=Missions to Mir in 1995|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir_1995.html|publisher=Russianspaceweb|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref>  !! Name !! Spaceflight !! Launch!!Landing!!Duration
|- 
|| Commander
|| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Biography:Anatoly Solovyev|Anatoly Solovyev]]
|| Fourth
|rowspan="2"| 27 June 1995 <br /> [[Engineering:STS-71|STS-71]]
|rowspan="2"| 11 September 1995 <br /> [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-21|Soyuz TM-21]]
|rowspan="2"| 75.47 days
|-
|| Flight Engineer
|| {{flagicon|Russia}} Nikolai Budarin
|| First
|-
|}

Antatoly Solovyev served as a crew member on three spaceflights prior to EO-19: [[Astronomy:Mir EP-2|Mir EP-2]], [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-9|Soyuz TM-9]], and [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-15|Soyuz TM-15]]. This flight was his first aboard a Space Shuttle, with his three previous flights being on the [[Engineering:Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]].<ref name=nasasolovyev>{{cite web|title=Cosmonaut Bio: Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/solovyev.html|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> EO-19 was the first spaceflight for Nikolai Budarin, who completed his cosmonaut training in 1991 and completed specialized training on the systems of Mir and the [[Engineering:Soyuz-TM|Soyuz-TM]] spacecraft in 1993.<ref name=nasabudarin>{{cite web|title=Cosmonaut Bio: Nikolai Mikhailovich Budarin|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/budarin.html|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref>

Both spent just over 75 days in space during EO-19 and completed 1194 orbits of the Earth.<ref name=spacefacts/>

=== Backup crew ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Mir EO-19<ref name=spacefacts/> !! Name
|- 
|| Commander
|| {{flagicon|Russia}} Yury Onufriyenko
|-
|| Flight Engineer
|| {{flagicon|Russia}} Aleksandr Poleshchuk
|-
|}

== Mission highlights ==
[[File:KSC-95EC-0911.jpg|thumb|right|[[Engineering:Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']], carrying the crew of EO-19, lifts off on June 27, 1995.]]

=== Crew launch and arrival ===

The crew of Mir EO-19 launched aboard the [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]] ''Atlantis'' on June 27, 1995 as part of the STS-71 mission. STS-71 was the first docking of a Space Shuttle to the Mir space station and the first docking of an American and Russian spacecraft in 20 years.<ref name=astronautix/><ref name=spacefacts/>

STS-71 docked with Mir on June 29 and performed a crew exchange between the EO-19 and EO-18 crews aboard the space station.<ref name=astronautix/> The crews of EO-18, EO-19, and STS-71 performed a ceremony inside [[Astronomy:Spacelab|Spacelab]] aboard ''Atlantis'' during which the ten crew members assembled a commemorative [[Chemistry:Pewter|pewter]] medallion and exchanged gifts. Shortly thereafter, the crews began transferring supplies and tools to Mir from ''Atlantis''.<ref name=nasachronicle/>

On July 4, The newly arrived crew of EO-19 undocked temporarily from the station aboard Soyuz TM-21 to observe and photograph the departure of the STS-71 and EO-18 crews aboard ''Atlantis''. TM-21 undocked at 10:55 GMT, followed by STS-71 at 11:09:45 GMT. The EO-19 crew redocked aboard TM-21 at 11:39 GMT as ''Atlantis'' conducted a fly-around of the station. ''Atlantis'', carrying the crews of EO-18 and STS-71, landed on July 7 after several more days in Earth orbit.<ref name=astronautix/><ref name=spacefacts/>

=== Mission operations ===
[[File:Crewmembers of STS-71, Mir-18 and Mir-19 Pose for Inflight Picture - GPN-2002-000061 rotated.jpg|thumb|right|The crews of STS-71, Mir EO-18 and Mir EO-19 pose for a photo inside Mir before the Shuttle's departure ''(Detailed caption)''.]]
The crew of EO-19 conducted their first Extra-vehicular activity, or spacewalk, on July 14. Before the mission, the crew had trained to use special tools in order to release a stuck solar array on the exterior of the [[Astronomy:Spektr|Spektr]] module. During the spacewalk, the pair cut a problematic restraint from the solar array. All but one section of the array deployed successfully. They then proceeded to inspect a docking mechanism in preparation for the relocation of the [[Astronomy:Kristall|Kristall]] module. The final task of the spacewalk was to inspect a solar array on Kristall that was not tracking the Sun properly. The excursion ended after five hours and thirty-four minutes outside the station.<ref name=astronautix/><ref name=nasachronicle/>

The crew relocated the Kristall module to another docking port from the port intended for use by [[Engineering:Progress M-28|Progress M-28]] on July 17 using its Lyappa manipulator arm. This operation was performed in preparation for the next docking of Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' to the station on the [[Engineering:STS-74|STS-74]] mission later in the year.<ref name=nasachronicle/>

During the mission's second spacewalk on July 19, the crew were to deploy a {{convert|220|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} Belgian-French [[Physics:Spectrometer|spectrometer]], named MIRAS (Mir infrared spectrometer) on the Spektr module. Following a malfunction in Anatoly Solovyev's [[Engineering:Orlan space suit|Orlan space suit]] minutes into the excursion, mission control directed him to remain attached to the [[Astronomy:Kvant-2|Kvant-2]] module via [[Engineering:Umbilical cable|umbilical cable]].<ref name=nasachronicle/> Despite this setback, Nikolai Budarin was able to perform several tasks alone, including preparatory work for the installment of MIRAS and retrieval of an American [[Astronomy:Cosmic ray|cosmic ray]] detector, TREK. The crew returned to the airlock after three hours and eight minutes. Upon returning to the airlock, the crew discovered a {{convert|2|mm|in|abbr=on}} gap in the seal, which created difficulty in sealing the hatch.<ref name=nasachronicle/>

July 20 saw the launch of the Progress M-28 resupply ship to the station, which docked on July 22. The [[Engineering:Progress-M|Progress-M]] spacecraft remained docked to the station until September 4, when it undocked from Mir filled with waste and excess equipment and intentionally burned up on reentry.<ref name=astronautix/>

During the mission's third and final spacewalk on July 21, the two cosmonauts made a second attempt at installing the MIRAS spectrometer, which they completed without any major problems. The spacewalk lasted five hours and thirty-five minutes.<ref name=nasachronicle/>

During the later part of their mission in August, the crew focused on completing experiments and doing research in the areas of [[Physics:Astrophysics|astrophysics]], [[Biology:Biology|life sciences]], and [[Engineering:Smelting|smelting]]. The remainder of the crew's activities during this time consisted of unloading the newly arrived Progress cargo ship and monitoring its automated refueling of the station's [[Astronomy:Mir Core Module|core module]].<ref name=nasachronicle/>

=== End of mission and crew departure ===

The Mir EO-20 crew consisting of cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Avdeyev, as well as ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter conducting ''Euromir '95'', launched on September 3 at 9:00 GMT aboard [[Engineering:Soyuz TM-22|Soyuz TM-22]]. The crew of EO-20 docked with the station on September 5 at 10:29:54 GMT, with hatch opening occurring at 11:01:23.<ref name=astronautix2>{{cite web|title=Mir EO-20 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/mireo20.htm |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226061643/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/mireo20.htm |archive-date=December 26, 2008 }}</ref>

After transferring command of Mir to EO-20, the crew of EO-19 boarded the Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft, which arrived with the crew of Mir EO-18 in March 1995,<ref name=tm21anx>{{cite web|title=Soyuz TM-21|url=http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/mwade/flights/soyztm21.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref>  on September 11 and undocked from the [[Astronomy:Kvant-1|Kvant-1]] module at 3:30:44 GMT. Soyuz TM-21, along with cosmonauts Solovyev and Budarin, subsequently landed at 6:52:40 GMT about {{convert|108|km|mi|abbr=on}} Northeast of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan.<ref name=astronautix/>

== See also ==

*List of Mir Expeditions
*[[Engineering:STS-71|STS-71]]
*[[Engineering:Soyuz TM-21|Soyuz TM-21]]

== References ==

{{reflist|2}}

{{Shuttle-Mir}}
{{Crewed Mir flights}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mir Eo-19}}
[[Category:Mir]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mir EO-19}}