View source for Astronomy:Peregrine Mission One

{{short description|Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology}}

{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = Peregrine Mission One
| image              = Astrobotic Lunar Lander NASA Meatball Install (KSC-20231114-PH-ILW01 0100).jpg
| image_caption      = ''Peregrine'' ahead of launch
| mission_type       = Lunar landing and surface operations (initially planned), scientific experiments
| operator           = [[Company:Astrobotic Technology|Astrobotic Technology]]
| COSPAR_ID          = 2024-006A
| SATCAT             = 58751
| mission_duration   = {{time interval|8 January 2024|January 18, 2024|show=ymd}}<br/>(final)<br />One lunar day (14 Earth days) on the lunar surface (initially planned)
| spacecraft         = ''Peregrine''
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|1283|kg}}<ref name="Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018" />
| launch_date        = {{start-date|8 January 2024, 07:18:38|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket      = Vulcan Centaur VC2S
| launch_site        = Cape Canaveral SLC-41
| decay_date         = {{end-date|18 January 2024, 21:04|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
  | type         = lander
  | object       = Moon
  | component    = Peregrine Lunar Lander
  | arrival_date = 23 February 2024 (precluded)
  | location     = Sinus Viscositatis (Bay of Stickiness, precluded)
}}
<!--mission insignia or patch-->| insignia           = Peregrine Mission Onepng.png
| insignia_alt       = Mission Patch
| insignia_caption   = Mission Patch
}}
'''''Peregrine'' Lunar Lander flight 01''', commonly referred to as '''Peregrine Mission One''', was an unsuccessful American [[Astronomy:Lunar lander|lunar lander]] mission. The lander, dubbed Peregrine, was built by [[Company:Astrobotic Technology|Astrobotic Technology]]<ref name="NYT-20240107">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Vulcan Rocket's Inaugural Launch Carries Moon Lander to Space – Here's what you need to know about United Launch Alliance and the robotic lunar spacecraft it is sending to orbit. |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=7 January 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/science/nasa-vulcan-moon-launch.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240107180110/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/science/nasa-vulcan-moon-launch.html |archive-date=7 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> and carried payloads for [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]'s [[Astronomy:Commercial Lunar Payload Services|Commercial Lunar Payload Services]] (CLPS) program. Peregrine Mission One launched on 8 January 2024, at 2:18 am EST, on the maiden flight of the Vulcan Centaur rocket, by [[Company:United Launch Alliance|United Launch Alliance]] (ULA). The goal was to land the first U.S.-built lunar lander on the Moon since the crewed [[Engineering:Apollo Lunar Module|Apollo Lunar Module]] on [[Engineering:Apollo 17|Apollo 17]] in 1972.

The lander carried multiple payloads, with a total payload mass capacity of 90&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=PEREGRN-1 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |access-date=31 October 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204161041/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=PEREGRN-1 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly after the lander separated from the Vulcan rocket in lunar injection orbit, a fault occurred that prevented it from completing its mission. After six days in orbit, the spacecraft was directed back into [[Astronomy:Atmospheric entry|Earth's atmosphere]], where it burned up over the [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] on 18 January.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |date=19 January 2024 |title=Astrobotic's Peregrine lunar lander burns up over Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/18/world/peregrine-lunar-lander-astrobotic-nasa-scn/index.html |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:CLPS PM-1 Astrobotic-ULA Rollout for Launch (KSC-20240105-PH-CSH01 0079).jpg|thumb|right|''Peregrine'' being rolled out to Space Launch Complex 41 atop a Vulcan Centaur on 5 January 2024]]
In July 2017, Astrobotic announced an agreement had been reached with United Launch Alliance (ULA) to launch their ''Peregrine'' lander aboard a Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle.<ref name='Wall Oct2019'>[https://www.space.com/intuitive-machines-moon-lander-spacex-2021.html SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Will Launch Private Moon Lander in 2021] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004003838/https://www.space.com/intuitive-machines-moon-lander-spacex-2021.html |date=4 October 2019}} Mike Wall, ''space.com'', 2 October 2019</ref> This first lunar lander mission, called Mission One, was initially to be launched in July 2021.<ref name='Wall Oct2019'/><ref name=astrobotic-awarded>{{cite press release|url=https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/5/31/astrobotic-awarded-79-5-million-contract-to-deliver-14-nasa-payloads-to-the-moon|title=Astrobotic Awarded US$79.5 Million Contract to Deliver 14 NASA Payloads to the Moon|publisher=Astrobotic Technology|date=31 May 2019|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904004314/https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/5/31/astrobotic-awarded-79-5-million-contract-to-deliver-14-nasa-payloads-to-the-moon|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 29 November 2018, Astrobotic was made eligible to bid on NASA's [[Astronomy:Commercial Lunar Payload Services|Commercial Lunar Payload Services]] (CLPS) to deliver science and technology payloads to the Moon.<ref name="CLPS_win">{{cite press release |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-for-commercial-lunar-payload-delivery-services |title=NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services |publisher=NASA |date=29 November 2018 |access-date=29 November 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031037/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-for-commercial-lunar-payload-delivery-services/ |url-status=live}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref> 

In May 2019, Mission One received its first lander contract from NASA for 14 payloads.<ref name="AstroNow 2June2019">{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=NASA funds commercial Moon landers for science, exploration |url=https://astronomynow.com/2019/06/02/nasa-funds-commercial-moon-landers-for-science-exploration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135427/https://astronomynow.com/2019/06/02/nasa-funds-commercial-moon-landers-for-science-exploration/ |archive-date=8 June 2019 |access-date=20 August 2019 |publisher=Astronomy Now}}</ref><ref name="SN 2June2019">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=1 June 2018 |title=These Are the Private Lunar Landers Taking NASA Science to the Moon |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-first-private-moon-landers-picks-primer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809000925/https://www.space.com/nasa-first-private-moon-landers-picks-primer.html |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=20 August 2019 |website=space.com |quote=Peregrine will tote as many as 14 agency payloads to a big crater on the Moon's near side called Lacus Mortis by July 2021, on the lander's Mission One.}}</ref><ref name="28 payloads">{{cite web |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=5 June 2019 |title=This tiny rover will test how well small mobile robots can survive on the Moon |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/5/18654253/carnegie-mellon-lunar-rover-astrobotic-nasa-peregrine-moon-lander |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813132826/https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/5/18654253/carnegie-mellon-lunar-rover-astrobotic-nasa-peregrine-moon-lander |archive-date=13 August 2023 |access-date=20 August 2019 |publisher=The Verge}}</ref> It also had 14 commercial payloads, including small rovers from [[Astronomy:Hakuto|Hakuto]], [[Company:Team AngelicvM|Team AngelicvM]],<ref name="First launch">{{cite web |last=Cole |first=Michael |title=Astrobotic Ready to Become Delivery Service to the Moon |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-ready-become-delivery-service-moon/ |url-status=live |publisher=Spaceflight Insider |date=19 March 2018 |access-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021221125/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-ready-become-delivery-service-moon/ |archive-date=21 October 2019}}</ref> and a larger rover from [[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University]], named ''Andy'', which has a mass of {{cvt|33|kg}} and is {{cvt|103|cm}} tall.<ref name="Andy from PRL">{{cite web |title=Andy's Mission |url=http://lunar.cs.cmu.edu/#meet-andy |work=Planetary Robotics Lab |publisher=[[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University]] |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203043747/http://lunar.cs.cmu.edu/ |archive-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Another small rover, Spacebit, weighing {{cvt|1.5|kg}}, was designed to travel at least {{cvt|10|m}} on four legs.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/britain-s-first-moon-rover-four-legged-robot-will-explore-ncna1064611 Britain's first Moon rover is a four-legged robot that will explore lunar tunnels] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012234900/https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/britain-s-first-moon-rover-four-legged-robot-will-explore-ncna1064611 |date=12 October 2019}} Ryan Browne, {{wipe|CNBC}}, 10 October 2019</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SpaceBit Moon rover set to land on lunar surface in 2021 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/spacebit-moon-rover-set-to-land-on-lunar-surface-in-2021-11832125 |publisher=Sky News |date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 January 2024 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110173016/https://news.sky.com/story/spacebit-moon-rover-set-to-land-on-lunar-surface-in-2021-11832125 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-britain-rover/tiny-walking-rover-bound-for-the-moon-idUSKBN1WP2D3 A lunar rover which will explore the Moon on foot in 2021 was unveiled in London on Thursday] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010183042/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-britain-rover/tiny-walking-rover-bound-for-the-moon-idUSKBN1WP2D3 |date=10 October 2019}} {{wipe|Reuters}}, 10 October 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/uk-first-moon-rover-spacebit-launch-2021.html UK's 1st Moon Rover to Launch in 2021] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013130229/https://www.space.com/uk-first-moon-rover-spacebit-launch-2021.html |date=13 October 2019}} Mike Wall, ''space.com'', 12 October 2019</ref> Other payloads include a library, in microprint on nickel, with [[Wikipedia]] contents and Long Now Foundation's Rosetta Project.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wall|first=Mike|title='Lunar Library' Aims to Preserve Humanity's History On the Moon (Wikipedia, Too)|url=https://www.space.com/40598-lunar-library-wikipedia-astrobotic-moon-mission.html|website=space.com|date=16 May 2018|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511013038/https://www.space.com/40598-lunar-library-wikipedia-astrobotic-moon-mission.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Grush|first=Loren|title=This nonprofit plans to send millions of Wikipedia pages to the Moon — printed on tiny metal sheets|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/15/17353194/lunar-library-wikipedia-moon-arch-foundation-astrobotic-spacex|publisher=The Verge|date=15 May 2018|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530145148/https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/15/17353194/lunar-library-wikipedia-moon-arch-foundation-astrobotic-spacex|url-status=live}}</ref> Space burial companies [[Company:Elysium Space|Elysium Space]] and [[Company:Celestis|Celestis]] paid Astrobotic to carry human remains.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |date=8 January 2024 |title=First US Moon landing mission in decades launches with NASA science, humans remains on board |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/ula-vulcan-centaur-rocket-peregrine-launch-scn/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111122712/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/ula-vulcan-centaur-rocket-peregrine-launch-scn/index.html |archive-date=11 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The decision to include human remains was criticized by the Navajo Nation, whose president, Buu Nygren, argued that the Moon is sacred to the Navajo and other American Indian nations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |date=7 January 2024 |title=First US Moon mission in decades to launch with NASA science, human remains on board |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/07/world/nasa-vulcan-centaur-peregrine-astrobotic-walkup-scn/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107194000/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/07/world/nasa-vulcan-centaur-peregrine-astrobotic-walkup-scn/index.html |archive-date=7 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=7 January 2024 |title=Navajo objection to flying human ashes to the Moon won't delay launch |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/navajo-objection-to-flying-human-ashes-to-the-moon-wont-delay-launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107154133/https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/navajo-objection-to-flying-human-ashes-to-the-moon-wont-delay-launch/ |archive-date=7 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref> 

In June 2021, United Launch Alliance CEO Tory Bruno announced that payload and engine-testing problems would delay the maiden flight of Vulcan Centaur, with Mission One aboard, to 2022.<ref name="ars-20210625">{{cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022 |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/rocket-report-china-to-copy-spacexs-super-heavy-vulcan-slips-to-2022/2/ |url-status=live |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629145233/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/rocket-report-china-to-copy-spacexs-super-heavy-vulcan-slips-to-2022/2/ |archive-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> On 23 February 2023, ULA announced an expected launch date for the mission of 4 May 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last=Grush|first=Loren|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-24/united-launch-alliance-delays-vulcan-debut-flight-to-early-may|title=United Launch Alliance Delays Vulcan Debut Flight to Early May|publisher=Bloomberg|date=23 February 2023|access-date=22 March 2023|archive-date=27 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227034737/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-24/united-launch-alliance-delays-vulcan-debut-flight-to-early-may|url-status=live}}</ref> After an anomaly during testing of the Vulcan Centaur on 29 March, the launch was delayed until June or July,<ref name='Doughty Apr2023'>{{cite web |last=Doughty |first=Nate |date=19 April 2023 |title=ULA rocket taking Astrobotic's lunar lander to space pushes back departure date following explosion during testing |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/inno/stories/profiles/2023/04/19/ula-rocket-astrobotic-peregrine-lunar-lander-delay.html |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=bizjournals.com |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419203828/https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/inno/stories/profiles/2023/04/19/ula-rocket-astrobotic-peregrine-lunar-lander-delay.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and then until late 2023.<ref name="ars2023-06-14">{{cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=Vulcan aces engine test, but upper stage anomaly will delay launch for a while "Working corrective action and retest."|url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/06/vulcan-rocket-completes-critical-test-but-launch-slipping-toward-end-of-2023/ |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023|work=Arstechnica|archive-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614165114/https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/06/vulcan-rocket-completes-critical-test-but-launch-slipping-toward-end-of-2023/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early December 2023, Bruno said problems found during a wet dress rehearsal of the rocket would likely delay the launch until to the next launch window, on 8 January.<ref name="Bruno Dec2024">{{cite web |last=Bruno |first=Tory |date=10 December 2023 |title=#VulcanRocket WDR update |url=https://twitter.com/torybruno/status/1733907494030688486 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210182518/https://twitter.com/torybruno/status/1733907494030688486 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |access-date=10 December 2023 |work=X}}</ref>

''Peregrine'' carries a maximum payload mass of {{cvt|90|kg}} during Mission One,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.astrobotic.com/peregrine|title=Peregrine Lander|publisher=Astrobotic Technology|access-date=5 June 2019|archive-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223125246/https://www.astrobotic.com/peregrine|url-status=live}}</ref> and it was planned to land on [[Astronomy:Mons Gruithuisen Gamma|Gruithuisen Gamma]].<ref name="Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018" /> 

The payload mass for the planned second mission (Mission Two) is capped at {{cvt|175|kg}}, and the Mission Three and later missions would carry the full payload capacity of {{cvt|265|kg}}.<ref name="Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018" />

== Lander ==
[[File:NASA Selects First Commercial Moon Landing Services for Artemis Program (47974859117).jpg|thumb|Astrobotic ''Peregrine'' lander]]
In 2016, Astrobiotics announced plans to build the ''Peregrine'' lander,<ref name='SN June 2016'>{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/astrobotic-unveils-peregrine-lunar-lander/|title=Astrobotic unveils Peregrine lunar lander|last=Foust|first=Jeff|publisher=SpaceNews|date=3 June 2016|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017131904/https://spacenews.com/astrobotic-unveils-peregrine-lunar-lander/|url-status=live}}</ref> based on their previous concept lander, ''Griffin'', which was larger but with the same payload capacity.<ref name='SN June 2016'/><ref name='AT Griffin'>{{cite web|url=https://www.astrobotic.com/griffin|title=Griffin Lander|publisher=Astrobotic Technology|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010519/https://www.astrobotic.com/griffin|url-status=live}}</ref> Astrobotic hired [[Company:Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus Defence and Space]] to help refine the lander's design.

The ''Peregrine'' [[Engineering:Satellite bus|bus]] is largely of [[Chemistry:Aluminum|aluminum]] alloy, and it is reconfigurable for specific missions. Its propulsion system has five thrusters built by Frontier Aerospace,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.astrobotic.com/2018/8/16/frontier-aerospace-selected-for-nasa-award-to-develop-deep-space-thruster-using-mon-25-mmh-propellant|title=Frontier Aerospace Selected for NASA Award to Develop Deep Space Thruster Using MON-25/MMH Propellant|publisher=Astrobotic Technology|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001190409/https://www.astrobotic.com/2018/8/16/frontier-aerospace-selected-for-nasa-award-to-develop-deep-space-thruster-using-mon-25-mmh-propellant|url-status=dead}}</ref> each producing 150&nbsp;lb (667 [[Newton (unit)|N]]) thrust. This propulsion system was designed to handle the [[Astronomy:Trans-lunar injection|trans-lunar injection]], trajectory corrections, [[Astronomy:Lunar orbit|lunar orbit insertion]], and powered descent. The propulsion system can deliver an orbiter to the Moon and perform a powered soft landing.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/> The lander can carry up to {{cvt|450|kg}} of bi-propellant mass in four tanks; its composition is MON-25/[[Chemistry:Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]], a [[Chemistry:Hypergolic propellant|hypergolic bi-propellant]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/05/23/1511037/0/en/Aerojet-Rocketdyne-Successfully-Demonstrates-Low-Cost-High-Thrust-Space-Engine.html|title=Aerojet Rocketdyne Successfully Demonstrates Low-Cost, High Thrust Space Engine|publisher=Aerojet Rocketdyne|date=23 May 2018|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820234105/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/05/23/1511037/0/en/Aerojet-Rocketdyne-Successfully-Demonstrates-Low-Cost-High-Thrust-Space-Engine.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For [[Astronomy:Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] (orientation), the spacecraft uses 12 thrusters (45 N each) also powered by MON-25/MMH.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/>

The spacecraft's avionics incorporate guidance and navigation to the Moon, and a Doppler LiDAR to assist the automated landing on four legs.<ref name='SN June 2016'/> From Mission 2, its landing ellipse will be 100 m x 100 m, down from 24&nbsp;km × 6&nbsp;km previously.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/>

''Peregrine'' is about 2.5 m wide and 1.9 m tall, and would have been able to deliver up to {{cvt|265|kg}} of payload to the surface of the Moon.<ref name="SN June 2016" /><ref name="SR June 2016">{{cite web|last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=http://thespacereview.com/article/3005/1|title=Landers, laws, and lunar logistics|publisher=The Space Review|date=13 June 2016|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814120930/http://thespacereview.com/article/3005/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.astrobotic.com/payload-user-guide|title=Astrobotic – Payload User Guide|publisher=Astrobotic Technology|date=2018|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603165910/https://www.astrobotic.com/payload-user-guide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/spacebit-lunar-rover/|title=Spacebit forms partnership, prepares to send tiny rover to the Moon|date=24 October 2019|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017131905/https://spacenews.com/spacebit-lunar-rover/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Its electrical systems are powered by a [[Engineering:Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion battery]] that is recharged by a [[Physics:Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panel]] made of GaInP/GaAs/Ge. Radiators and thermal insulators are used to dispose of excess heat, but the lander does not carry heaters, so the first few ''Peregrine'' landers are not expected to survive the lunar night,<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/> which lasts 14 Earth days. Future missions could be adapted to do so.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/>

For communications to [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]], the lander uses frequencies within the [[Physics:X band|X-band]] range for uplink as well as downlink.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/> After landing, a 2.4 [[Hertz|GHz]] [[Wi-Fi]] modem is to enable wireless communication between the lander and deployed rovers on the lunar surface.<ref name='Peregrine Payload User Guide 2018'/>

=== Payloads ===
==== Lunar rovers ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Country
! Name
! Agency or company
! Summary

|-
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| [[Astronomy:Colmena|Colmena]] × 5
| [[Organization:Agencia Espacial Mexicana|Agencia Espacial Mexicana]]
| Agencia Espacial Mexicana (AEM), the Mexican Space Agency, attempted to fly the first Latin American scientific instruments to the surface of the Moon. The payload consisted of five small robots, weighing less than 60 grams and measuring 12 centimeters in diameter, which were to be catapulted onto the lunar surface.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.astrobotic.com/lunar-delivery/manifest/ |title=Moon Manifest &#124; Astrobotic Technology |access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104192210/https://www.astrobotic.com/lunar-delivery/manifest/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| ''[[Astronomy:CubeRover#Iris|Iris]]''
| [[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University]]
| Carnegie Mellon University's Iris was a 2&nbsp;kg rover designed by university students. Its shoebox-sized chassis and bottle-cap wheels were made from [[Chemistry:Carbon fibers|carbon fiber]], a first for planetary robotics. Iris was designed to test small, lightweight rover mobility on the Moon, collect images for geological sciences, and gather UWB RF ranging data for testing new relative localization techniques.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://irislunarrover.space/ |title=IRIS Home |access-date=3 January 2024 |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106183323/https://irislunarrover.space/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

'''Instruments'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Country
! Name
! Agency or company
! Summary

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| [[Physics:Lunar Laser Ranging experiments|Laser Retroreflector Array]] (LRA)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| A [[Organization:Retroreflector|retroreflector]] is a device that bounces any light that shines on it directly backwards (180° from the incoming light) from it. The LRA was a collection of eight of these, each a 1.25-cm diameter glass corner cube [[Prism (geometry)|prism]], all embedded in an [[Chemistry:Aluminium|aluminum]] hemisphere (painted gold) and mounted to the lander deck. It was designed to efficiently retroreflect laser signals from other orbiting and landing spacecraft over a wide range of incoming directions, thereby enabling precise measurement of the distance between the orbiting or landing spacecraft to the lander. The LRA was to function as a location marker on the Moon for decades. (Note: this LRA design was too small for laser ranging from the Earth).<ref name="science.nasa.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/clps-deliveries/to2-astrobotic/#NSS |title=Task Order TO2-AB Scientific Payloads – NASA Science |access-date=5 December 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207224905/https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/clps-deliveries/to2-astrobotic/#NSS |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| Space radiation can harm astronauts on exploration missions outside the Earth's protective atmosphere, and more so on the Moon than in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The first source of risk is the total radiation dose from Galactic Cosmic Rays, which is about twice as high on the lunar surface as in LEO. The second source of risk is from space weather events resulting from solar activity. The Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS) was a radiation monitor that was derived from heritage hardware flown on [[Engineering:Exploration Flight Test-1|Orion EFT-1]] and was slated to fly on the [[Engineering:Artemis 1|Orion EM-1]] mission that would have enabled acquisition of knowledge of the lunar radiation environment and demonstrate the capabilities of the system on the lunar surface. This sensor was to measure the rate of incident radiation providing information that would be critical to understanding and mitigating the hazardous environment that people would experience as they explore the surface of the Moon.<ref name="science.nasa.gov"/>

|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| M-42 Radiation Detector
| [[Organization:German Aerospace Center|DLR]]
| This radiation detector was a complement to another scientific experiment riding aboard NASA's Artemis I mission. These sensors were to precisely measure the level of radiation a human body will encounter on a trip to the Moon and back. The data from both Artemis I and Peregrine Missions will improve our understanding of lunar spaceflight environmental conditions with respect to astronaut health, as space radiation will be one of the key risks in the future of Human Space Exploration.<ref name="astrobotic.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.astrobotic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Launch_Info_Packet_5.8-1.pdf?subject= |title=Astrobotic — Launch Info Packet 5.8-1 |access-date=5 December 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130020938/http://www.astrobotic.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Launch_Info_Packet_5.8-1.pdf?subject= |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| NDL was a [[Engineering:Lidar|LIDAR]]-based (Light Detection and Ranging) descent and landing sensor. This instrument (LIDAR) operates on the same principles of radar but uses pulses of light from a laser instead of radio waves. NDL was to measure vehicle [[Physics:Velocity|velocity]] (speed and direction) and [[Altitude|altitude]] (distance to ground) with high precision during descent to touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/np-2023-11-015-jsc-clps-astrobotic-press-kit-508.pdf |title=Astrobotic-Press Kit 508 |access-date=5 December 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129215206/https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/np-2023-11-015-jsc-clps-astrobotic-press-kit-508.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System (NIRVSS)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| The payload included a spectrometer context imager and a longwave calibration sensor. It was to measure surface and subsurface hydration ([[Chemistry:Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]] and OH) and [[Chemistry:Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] and [[Chemistry:Methane|methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>) while simultaneously mapping surface morphology and surface temperature. The plan was for the measurements to take place during rover traverse when integrated onto a rover, throughout areas of targeted volatile investigation (called science stations), and during drilling activities. This instrument was created at NASA [[Organization:Ames Research Center|Ames Research Center]]. In total, it had three specific instruments: the near-infrared spectrometer, Ames imaging module, and longwave calibration sensor.<ref name="science.nasa.gov"/>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Neutron Spectrometer System (NSS)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| The NSS instrument was to determine the abundance of [[Chemistry:Hydrogen|hydrogen]]-bearing materials and the bulk regolith composition at the landing site and measure any time variations in hydrogenous volatile abundance during the diurnal cycle. NSS could measure the total volume of hydrogen up to three feet below the surface, providing high-resolution ground truth data for measurements made from instruments in orbit around the Moon. NSS was to measure the number and energy of neutrons present in the lunar surface environment, which can be used to infer the amount of hydrogen present in the environment. This detection is possible because when neutrons strike a hydrogen atom, they lose a lot of energy.<ref name="science.nasa.gov"/>

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Peregrine Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer (PITMS)
| [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| PITMS was to characterize the [[Astronomy:Atmosphere of the Moon|lunar exosphere]] after descent and landing, and throughout the [[Astronomy:Lunar day|lunar day]], to understand the release and movement of volatile species. Previous missions have demonstrated the presence of volatiles at the lunar surface, but significant questions remain about the where those volatiles came from and how they are transported across the lunar surface. Investigating how the lunar exosphere changes over the course of a lunar day can provide insight into the transport process for volatiles on the Moon. The instrument had the ability to measure the low level of gases expected in the lunar exosphere and released by regolith interaction with surface disturbances, like rovers.

The PITMS sensor had direct heritage from the Ptolemy mass spectrometer that made the first in situ measurements of volatiles and organics on comet 67P with the [[Engineering:Rosetta (spacecraft)|Rosetta]] lander, [[Engineering:Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]]. PITMS was to operate in a passive sampling mode, where molecules fall into the zenith-facing aperture and are trapped by a radiofrequency field, then sequentially released for analysis. PITMS had a unit mass resolution up to an upper mass-to-charge (m/z) limit of 150 Da.

The PITMS investigation was to provide time-resolved variability of OH, [[Chemistry:Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]], [[Chemistry:Noble gas|noble gases]], [[Chemistry:Nitrogen|nitrogen]], and [[Chemistry:Sodium|sodium]] compounds released from the soil and present in the exosphere over the course of a lunar day. PITMS observations were to complement other instruments on board the Peregrine lander for a comprehensive approach to understanding the surface and exosphere composition, linking surface properties and composition to [[Astronomy:LADEE|LADEE]] measurements from orbit, and providing a mid-latitude point of comparison for polar measurements planned by [[Engineering:VIPER (rover)|VIPER]], PROSPECT, and other missions. The PITMS data was to provide a critical mid-latitude link to future polar mass specs to characterize the latitudinal migration of volatiles from equator to poles.

PITMS was a joint NASA-[[Organization:European Space Agency|ESA]] project implemented by NASA's [[Organization:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]] (GSFC) and ESA's contractors Open University (OU) and STFC RAL Space, with coordination and support provided by ESA's [[Organization:European Space Research and Technology Centre|Space Research and Technology Centre]] (ESTEC). The integrated PITMS payload and science investigation were to be operated by GSFC with an international team of scientists.<ref name="science.nasa.gov" />

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN)
| Astrobotic
| Astrobotic was to demonstrate its standalone Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) sensor as a payload on its first mission to the Moon. TRN was to enable spacecraft to perform landings on planetary surfaces with an unparalleled accuracy of less than 100 [[Metre|meters]]. The TRN sensor was being developed under a $10 [[1,000,000|million]] NASA Tipping Point contract with NASA [[Organization:Johnson Space Center|Johnson Space Center]], [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], and Moog.<ref name="astrobotic.com"/>
|}

==== Time capsules ====
{{More information|Time capsule}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Country
! Name
! Agency or company
! Type

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Bitcoin Magazine Genesis Plate
| BIT Inc.
| Plaque

|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| [[Astronomy:DHL MoonBox|DHL MoonBox]]
| DHL
| Commercial payload capsules

|-
| {{flag|Canada}}
| Lunar Codex<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=A Time Capsule of Human Creativity, Stored in the Sky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/27/arts/design/lunar-codex-time-capsule-moon.html |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727091446/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/27/arts/design/lunar-codex-time-capsule-moon.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| Incandence
| Artwork, books, stories, music

|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| Footsteps on the Moon
| Lunar Mission One
| Image bank

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Luna 02
| [[Company:Celestis|Celestis]]
| Memorial capsule

|-
| {{flag|Seychelles}}
| Lunar Bitcoin
| [[Company:BitMEX|BitMEX]]
| Cryptocurrency

|-
| {{flag|Japan}}
| Lunar Dream Capsule<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2014 |title=Otsuka's POCARI SWEAT Aims the Very First Moon Landing |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005874/en/Otsuka%E2%80%99s-POCARI-SWEAT-Aims-the-Very-First-Moon-Landing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017131920/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005874/en/Otsuka%E2%80%99s-POCARI-SWEAT-Aims-the-Very-First-Moon-Landing |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=6 February 2021 |website=businesswire.com}}</ref>
| [[Company:Astroscale|Astroscale]]
| Time capsule

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Memorial Space Flight Services
| [[Company:Elysium Space|Elysium Space]]
| Memorial capsule

|-
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| [[Physics:Memory of Mankind on the Moon|Memory of Mankind on the Moon]]
| [[Company:Puli Space Technologies|Puli Space Technologies]]
| Time capsule

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| MoonArk
| [[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University]]
| Lunar Museum

|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| [https://www.archmission.org/lunar-library-2 The Arch Libraries]
| [[Organization:Arch Mission Foundation|Arch Mission Foundation]]
| Time capsule

|-
| {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|United States}}
| Writers on the Moon
| https://www.writersonthemoon.com
| Stories by 133 authors

|}

== Mission ==
=== Launch and trajectory ===
[[File:Peregrine launch.jpg|thumb|Launch of the ''Peregrine'' lunar lander on Vulcan Centaur's first flight]]
''Peregrine'' was launched on 8 January 2024, at 2:18 am EST, on the inaugural flight of [[Company:United Launch Alliance|United Launch Alliance]]'s Vulcan Centaur rocket, from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41.<ref name=spacenews-launch>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |title=Vulcan Centaur launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural mission |url=https://spacenews.com/vulcan-centaur-launches-peregrine-lunar-lander-on-inaugural-mission/|work=Spacenews|date=8 January 2024|access-date=8 January 2024|archive-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108153201/https://spacenews.com/vulcan-centaur-launches-peregrine-lunar-lander-on-inaugural-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> The rocket was launched in the VC2S configuration, with two solid rocket boosters and a standard-length fairing. The solid rocket boosters separated from the vehicle at T+1 minute 50 seconds. The first stage continued firing its BE-4 engines until T+4:59 and separated a few seconds later. The Centaur upper stage started its first [[Astronomy:Orbital maneuver|burn]] at T+5:15, which took more than 10 minutes to complete and put the vehicle into a [[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|low Earth orbit]]. Following a coast phase, the Centaur fired for the second time at T+43:35 to start the [[Astronomy:Trans-lunar injection|trans-lunar injection]] burn, which lasted about three minutes. The ''Peregrine'' lander separated from the rocket at T+50:26.<ref name=nasasf-launch>{{cite web |last=McCrea |first=Aaron |title=Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/ |url-status=live |work=NASASpaceFlight |date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108153003/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/ |archive-date=8 January 2024}}</ref>

Peregrine was to take a 46-day trajectory to the Moon, performing burns to enter lunar orbit and slowly approach the lunar surface. Landing was planned for 23 February 2024.<ref name=nasasf-launch/>

{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300px
| header = Animation of Peregrine – Original plan
| image1 = Animation of Peregrine around Earth.gif
| caption1 = Around the Earth
| image2 = Animation of Peregrine around Moon.gif
| caption2 = Around the Moon
| footer = {{Legend inline|Magenta| Peregrine }}{{·}}{{Legend inline| Lime| Moon}}{{·}}{{Legend inline| RoyalBlue| Earth}}
}}

=== Propellant leak ===
Roughly seven hours after the launch, Astrobotic reported that a problem, likely with the propulsion system, had "prevented [the lander] from achieving a stable sun-pointing orientation".<ref>{{cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=Hours after its launch, a US lunar lander experiences an anomaly |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/astrobotic-says-there-has-been-an-anomaly-with-its-lunar-lander/ |website=Ars Technica |date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108160551/https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/astrobotic-says-there-has-been-an-anomaly-with-its-lunar-lander/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The company conducted an unplanned maneuver of the spacecraft to turn the solar panels toward the Sun,<ref name="Space.com live updater">{{cite web |last=Tingley |first=Brett |title=Private Peregrine Moon lander suffers anomaly after historic Vulcan rocket launch, Astrobotic says |url=https://www.space.com/private-astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-suffers-anomaly |access-date=8 January 2024 |website=space.com |date=8 January 2024 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108163616/https://www.space.com/private-astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-suffers-anomaly |url-status=live}}</ref> and, after an expected communications blackout, confirmed that the spacecraft was once again generating sufficient power. However, the problem was identified as a gradual propellant leak that required constant consumption of fuel to counteract. At 21:16 EST, Astrobotic said in a statement that thrusters were operating "well beyond their expected service life cycles" and that the "spacecraft could continue in a stable sun-pointing state for approximately 40 more hours" before it would run out of fuel, then lose attitude control and power.<ref name=":0">{{cite tweet |number=1745851250527138041 |user=astrobotic |title=Update #13 [sic] for Peregrine Mission One: Peregrine has now been operational in space for more than 4 days. The spacecraft remains stable and operational, and is currently in a planned loss-of-signal period for about another hour and a half. The leak on Peregrine has continued to slow, and the spacecraft is estimated to now have 52 hours of propellant remaining. Our engineers continue to work on solutions to extend life expectancy and there is growing optimism that Peregrine could survive much longer than the current estimate. |last=Astrobotic |date=12 January 2024}}</ref> 

Later, the company confirmed that ''Peregrine'' could no longer land on the Moon, although it could continue to operate as a spacecraft.<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1744770456626893215 |user=astrobotic |title=Update #7 for Peregrine Mission One: The Peregrine spacecraft has now been operational for about 32 hours. Overnight, the team faced another spacecraft pointing issue, but continues to persevere. The spacecraft started to tilt away from the Sun and reduced its solar power generation. The team was able to update the control algorithm and fix this issue. The batteries are at full charge. Given the proppellent leak, there is unfortunately, no chance of a soft landing on the Moon. However, we do still have enough propellant to continue to operate the vehicle as a spacecraft. The team has updated its estimates, and we currently expect to run out of propellant in about 40 hours from now - an improvement from last night's estimate. The team continues to work to find ways to extend Peregrine's operational life. We are in a stable operating mode and are working payload and spacecraft tests and checkouts. We continue receiving valuable data and proving spaceflight operations for components and software relation to our next lunar lander mission, Griffin.|last=Astrobotic |date=8 January 2024}}</ref> Photographs taken by the spacecraft showed damage to external insulation,<ref>{{cite web
 |last         = Mike
 |first        = Wall
 |title        = 1st photo from crippled private Peregrine moon lander holds clue to anomaly
 |url          = https://www.space.com/astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-first-photo-anomaly-clue
 |quote        = 
 |website      = space.com
 |date         = 8 January 2024
 |access-date  = 10 January 2024
 |archive-date = 10 January 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240110013758/https://www.space.com/astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-first-photo-anomaly-clue
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |last         = Holmes
 |first        = Oliver
 |title        = Peregrine 1 has 'no chance' of landing on moon due to fuel leak
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/09/nasa-peregrine-1-us-lander-will-not-make-it-to-the-moons-surface-due-to-fuel-leak
 |quote        = Astrobotic company says goal is now to get US spacecraft as far as possible before it loses power
 |work    = {{wipe|The Guardian}}
 |date         = 9 January 2024
 |access-date  = 10 January 2024
 |archive-date = 10 January 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240110015243/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/09/nasa-peregrine-1-us-lander-will-not-make-it-to-the-moons-surface-due-to-fuel-leak
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> perhaps caused by a valve that failed to fully close, causing the oxidizer tank to rupture.<ref>{{cite web
 |last         = Wall
 |first        = Mike
 |title        = Stuck valve may have doomed private Peregrine moon lander mission, Astrobotic says
 |url          = https://www.space.com/astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-anomaly-valve
 |quote        = 
 |website      = space.com
 |date         = 9 January 2024
 |access-date  = 10 January 2024
 |archive-date = 10 January 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240110013659/https://www.space.com/astrobotic-peregrine-moon-lander-anomaly-valve
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

Four days into the mission, the propellant leak appeared to slow, and Astrobotic reported that "there is growing optimism that ''Peregrine'' could survive much longer" than was previously anticipated.<ref name=":0" />

=== Reentry ===
The spacecraft eventually reached a position that would have allowed it to reach the Moon with trajectory corrections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Astrobotic Technology |date=13 January 2024 |title=Update #15 for Peregrine Mission One |url=https://twitter.com/astrobotic/status/1745956321055179100 |website=Twitter/X}}</ref> Six days into the mission, Astrobotic decided to direct the spacecraft to [[Astronomy:Atmospheric entry|burn up in Earth's atmosphere]] to avoid [[Astronomy:Space debris|space debris]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Astrobotic Technology |date=14 January 2024 |title=Update #17 for Peregrine Mission One |url=https://www.astrobotic.com/update-17-for-peregrine-mission-one/ |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=Astrobotic |language=en-US}}</ref> In the end, the spacecraft never left the (highly elliptical) Earth orbit that the carrier rocket injected it into (except to make a controlled re-entry into Earth's atmosphere).

A controlled re-entry took place at 15:59 on 18 January EST (20:59 UTC),<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Richard Stephenson |user=nascom1 |number=1748106617940513113 |title=As predicted by the APM1 team, Peregrine had loss of signal at 20:59 over Canberra's DSS36. It was a shame it had to end this way, but the mission did it in style. This is the doppler profile from its final approach. It was a graceful dive. |date=18 January 2024}}</ref> with possible impact somewhere near Point Nemo, a [[Astronomy:Spacecraft cemetery|spacecraft cemetery]] in the South Pacific. The last contact with the spacecraft was achieved by DSS36, an antennae of the [[Astronomy:NASA Deep Space Network|DSN]] in [[Engineering:Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex|Canberra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=US Moon mission on course for fiery destruction |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67962397 |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Future ==
''Peregrine'' was the first of NASA's CLPS missions, with the second, [[Company:Intuitive Machines|Intuitive Machines]]' IM-1, set for launch in February 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/ |title=Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February |work=SpaceNews |date=19 December 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111122709/https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Astrobotic will have a second landing attempt, consisting of the larger ''Griffin'' lander and ''[[Engineering:VIPER (rover)|VIPER]]'' rover, with launch previously scheduled for November 2024.<ref name="nasa-20220718">{{cite web |title=NASA Replans CLPS Delivery of VIPER to 2024 to Reduce Risk |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-replans-clps-delivery-of-viper-to-2024-to-reduce-risk |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=18 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718200943/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-replans-clps-delivery-of-viper-to-2024-to-reduce-risk/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Artemis program}}
{{Google Lunar X Prize}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Lunar rovers}}

[[Category:Commercial Lunar Payload Services]]

{{Sourceattribution|Peregrine Mission One}}