View source for Astronomy:Sundman (crater)

{{Short description|Lunar surface depression}}
{{Infobox Lunar crater
| image       = Sundman crater 4188 h2.jpg
| caption     = [[Astronomy:Lunar Orbiter 4|Lunar Orbiter 4]] image
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8|N|91.6|W|globe:moon_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| diameter    = 40 km
| depth       = ''Unknown''
| colong      = 92
| eponym      = Karl F. Sundman
}}
'''Sundman''' is a [[Astronomy:Lunar craters|lunar]] [[Astronomy:Impact crater|impact crater]] that lies just past the western limb of the [[Astronomy:Moon|Moon]]. Although it lies on the far side from the [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]], this part of the surface is brought into view during periods of favorable [[Astronomy:Libration|libration]] and illumination. Sundman lies to the southwest of the walled plain [[Astronomy:Einstein (crater)|Einstein]], and to the west of the Vallis Bohr cleft. It was named after Finnish mathematician and astronomer Karl F. Sundman.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{GPN|5762}}</ref>

== Description ==

This crater lies in the midst of the skirt of ejecta that surrounds the [[Astronomy:Mare Orientale|Mare Orientale]] impact basin. Both the crater and its surroundings have been modified by this enormous amount of material, and the surface displays an uneven pattern that is generally radial to the basin, which is located to the north. The crater forms a shallow depression in the surface, with small craters along the southeastern and southwestern rim.

==Satellite craters==
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Sundman.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature !! Latitude !! Longitude !! Diameter !! Ref
|-
| Sundman J
| 8.9° N
| 90.2° W
| 10.34&nbsp;km
| {{WGPSN|13346}}
|-
| Sundman V
| 11.9° N
| 93.5° W
| 17.93&nbsp;km
| {{WGPSN|13347}}
|}
[[File:Sundman J crater Clementine UVVIS 750nm.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Sundman J is a prominent dark-halo crater]]
{{Clear}}

==LADEE impact==
The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission ended with a planned lunar impact on April 18, 2014. Later, the exact impact location was found to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater.<ref name="NASA-20141028-NNJ">{{cite web |last=Neal-Jones |first=Nancy |title=NASA's LRO Spacecraft Captures Images of LADEE's Impact Crater |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-s-lro-spacecraft-captures-images-of-ladee-s-impact-crater |date=October 28, 2014 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=October 28, 2014 }}</ref>
{{multiple image|align=center |title=LADEE - Impact Crater<ref name="NASA-20141028-NNJ" /> | footer_align = center |footer=Sundman V crater (eastern rim); April 18, 2014 |total_width=600 |width1=673 |height1=378 |image1=LADEE-BeforeImpact-LRO-20141028.jpg |caption1=Before impact |width2=673 |height2=378 |image2=LADEE-AfterImpact-LRO-20141028.jpg |caption2=After impact |width3=1000 |height3=1000 |image3=LADEE-Impact-Ratio-LRO-20141028.png |caption3=Superimposed images}}

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:1424 Sundmania|1424 Sundmania]], asteroid

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Related reading==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
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  | first1 = L. E.
  | last2 = Whitaker
  | first2 = E. A.
  | date = 1982
  | title = [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature
  | publisher = NASA RP-1097
  }}
* {{cite web
  | last = Blue
  | first = Jennifer
  | date = July 25, 2007
  | title = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
  | publisher = USGS
  | url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/
  | access-date = August 5, 2007
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Bussey
  | first1 = B.
  | last2 = Spudis
  | first2 = P.
  | date = 2004
  | title = The Clementine Atlas of the Moon
  | publisher = {{wipe|Cambridge University Press}}
  | location = New York
  | isbn = 978-0-521-81528-4
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Cocks
  | first1 = Elijah E.
  | last2 = Cocks
  | first2 = Josiah C.
  | date = 1995
  | title = Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature
  | publisher = Tudor Publishers
  | isbn = 978-0-936389-27-1
  | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780936389271
  }}
* {{cite web
  | last = McDowell
  | first = Jonathan
  | date = July 15, 2007
  | url = http://host.planet4589.org/astro/lunar/
  | title = Lunar Nomenclature
  | publisher = [[Engineering:Jonathan's Space Report|Jonathan's Space Report]]
  | access-date = October 24, 2007
  }}
* {{cite journal| last1 = Menzel| first1 = D. H.| last2 = Minnaert| first2 = M.| last3 = Levin| first3 = B.| last4 = Dollfus| first4 = A.| last5 = Bell| first5 = B.| title = Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU| doi = 10.1007/BF00171763| journal = Space Science Reviews| volume = 12| issue = 2| pages = 136–186| date = 1971| bibcode = 1971SSRv...12..136M| s2cid = 122125855}}
* {{cite book
  | first = Patrick
  | last = Moore
  | date = 2001
  | title = On the Moon
  | publisher = Sterling Publishing Co.
  | isbn = 978-0-304-35469-6
  | url = https://archive.org/details/patrickmooreonmo00patr
  }}
* {{cite book
  | first = Fred W.
  | last = Price
  | date = 1988
  | title = The Moon Observer's Handbook
  | publisher = Cambridge University Press
  | isbn = 978-0-521-33500-3
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Rükl
  | first = Antonín
  | date = 1990
  | title = Atlas of the Moon
  | publisher = Kalmbach Books
  | isbn = 978-0-913135-17-4
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Webb
  | first = Rev. T. W.
  | date = 1962
  | title = Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
  | edition = 6th revised
  | publisher = Dover
  | isbn = 978-0-486-20917-3
  | url = https://archive.org/details/celestialobjects00webb
  }}
* {{cite book
  | first = Ewen A.
  | last = Whitaker
  | date = 1999
  | title = Mapping and Naming the Moon
  | publisher = Cambridge University Press
  | isbn = 978-0-521-62248-6
  }}
* {{cite book
  | first = Peter T.
  | last = Wlasuk
  | date = 2000
  | title = Observing the Moon
  | publisher = Springer
  | isbn = 978-1-85233-193-1
  }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Impact craters on the Moon]]

{{Sourceattribution|Sundman (crater)}}