View source for Astronomy:Upsilon Orionis

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Orion}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = υ Orionis
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=
{{Location mark
|image=Orion constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=8|mark_link=υ Ori
|x=608|y=718
}}
|caption=Location of υ Orionis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = [[Astronomy:J2000.0|J2000.0]]
| equino = [[Astronomy:J2000.0|J2000.0]]
| constell = [[Astronomy:Orion (constellation)|Orion]] 
| pronounce = 
| ra = {{RA|05|31|55.86019}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| dec = {{DEC|-07|18|05.5371}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| appmag_v = {{val|+4.618|0.013}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = B0V<ref name=gosss2016/> or O9.7V<ref name="gosss" />
| appmag_1_passband = 
| appmag_1 = 
| appmag_2_passband = 
| appmag_2 =
| appmag_3_passband = 
| appmag_3 = 
| appmag_4_passband = 
| appmag_4 = 
| appmag_5_passband = 
| appmag_5 = 
| appmag_6_passband = 
| appmag_6 = 
| appmag_7_passband = 
| appmag_7 = 
| appmag_8_passband = 
| appmag_8 = 
| r-i = 
| v-r = 
| b-v = {{val|-0.264|0.007}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
| u-b = {{val|-1.068|0.008}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
| j-h = 
| j-k = 
| variable = suspected [[Astronomy:Beta Cephei variable|β Cep]]<ref name=AAVSOups/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
 | radial_v = +17.4<ref name=rv/>
 | prop_mo_ra = −0.10<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | prop_mo_dec = −4.87<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | parallax = 1.14
 | p_error = 0.25
 | parallax_footnote = <ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | absmag_v = −3.8<ref name=nebot2018/>
 }}
{{Starbox detail
| source              =   
| mass                = 16.6<ref name=tetzlaff2011/>
| radius              = 7.5<ref name=dr3/>
| gravity             = {{val|4.30|0.05}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
| luminosity          =  43,974<ref name=nebot2018/>
| luminosity_bolometric = 
| luminosity_visual   =   
| temperature         = {{val|33,400|200|fmt=commas}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
| metal               = +0.0018<ref name=dr3/>
| rotation            =   
| rotational_velocity = {{val|20|2}}<ref name="AAA550_A26"/>
| age_myr             = 4.5<ref name=tetzlaff2011/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names =υ Ori, 36 Orionis, HD&nbsp;36512, HIP&nbsp;25923, HR&nbsp;1855, [[Astronomy:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]]&nbsp;132222, [[Astronomy:Durchmusterung|BD]]−07°1106
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = ups+Ori
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Upsilon Orionis''' (υ Ori, υ Orionis) is a [[Astronomy:Star|star]] in the [[Astronomy:Constellation|constellation]] [[Astronomy:Orion (constellation)|Orion]]. It has the traditional name ''Thabit'' {{IPAc-en|'|θ|ei|b|ɪ|t}}<ref name=Rumrill>{{cite journal
|title=Star Name Pronunciation
|last=Rumrill |first=H. B.
|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
|volume=48
|number=283
|date=June 1936
|pages=139 |location = San Francisco, California
|doi=10.1086/124681 |bibcode=1936PASP...48..139R |s2cid=120743052 |doi-access=free
}}</ref> or ''Tabit'' (ﺛﺎﺑﺖ, [[Social:Arabic language|Arabic]] for "the endurer"), a name shared with [[Astronomy:Pi3 Orionis|pi3 Orionis]]. It is a blue-white [[Astronomy:Main sequence|main sequence]] star of [[Astronomy:Apparent magnitude|apparent magnitude]] 4.62 located over 3000 light-years distant from the [[Astronomy:Solar System|Solar System]]. It is a suspected [[Astronomy:Beta Cephei variable|Beta Cephei variable]].

==Name==
Located south of [[Astronomy:Iota Orionis|Iota Orionis]],<ref name="motz"/> Upsilon Orionis is one of two stars (the other is [[Astronomy:29 Orionis|29 Orionis]]) marking the top of Orion's right boot in Johann Bayer's ''[[Astronomy:Uranometria|Uranometria]]'' (1603).<ref name=wagman/> It was given the number 36 by John Flamsteed, while its proper name appears to be derived from the Arabic ''Al Thabit'' "the endurer".<ref name="motz"/> In his ''Star-Names and Their Meanings'' (1899), American amateur naturalist Richard Hinckley Allen noted that the name appeared on the star atlas ''Geography of the Heavens'', composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, but its ultimate origin<!--i.e. first identification in a book?--> was unknown.<ref name="allen"/>

==Properties==
Since 1943, this star has been consistently defined as a B0 main sequence star used as a reference for classifying the spectra of other stars on the MK scale,<ref name=baas25_1319/> although in other studies it has been classified as O9V<ref name="underhill79"/> and O9.5V.<ref name=smith81/> The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey defined it as the standard star for the O9.7V spectral type in 2011,<ref name=gosss/> but the 2016 version redefined it as B0V.<ref name=gosss2016/>

In a 1981 paper, υ Orionis was observed to have nonradial pulsations over a period of around 12 hours, and has been classified as a slowly pulsating B star.<ref name=smith81/> Subsequent review of [[Astronomy:Hipparcos|Hipparcos catalog]] data indicated it was most likely a [[Astronomy:Beta Cephei variable|Beta Cephei variable]], and is hence considered a candidate for that class.<ref name=Stankov/> These are blue-white main sequence stars of around 10 to 20 times the mass of the Sun that pulsate with periods of 0.1 to 0.3 days; their changes in magnitude are much more pronounced in the ultraviolet than in the visual spectrum.<ref name=AAVSOBC/> It is classified as a Beta Cephei variable by the [[Organization:American Association of Variable Star Observers|American Association of Variable Star Observers]], and has an [[Astronomy:Apparent magnitude|apparent magnitude]] of +4.62.<ref name=AAVSOups/>

υ Orionis's [[Astronomy:Stellar parallax|parallax]] has been measured at {{val|1.14|0.25}}, yielding a distance of approximately 2,900 [[Light year|light year]]s from [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]].<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/> A 1979 review of photometry of O and B stars found it to be around 1666 light-years distant, with a radius 7.5 times and [[Astronomy:Luminosity|luminosity]] 44,000 times that of the Sun, and surface temperature of 33,000 K. and a mass 16.6 times that of the Sun. It is one of the most massive stars of the Orion OB1c association (in [[Astronomy:Orion's Sword|Orion's Sword]]).<ref name=smith81/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=dr3>{{cite Gaia DR3|3016424530632449280}}</ref>

<ref name=gosss>{{cite journal|bibcode= 2011ApJS..193...24S|title= The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500|journal= The Astrophysical Journal Supplement|volume= 193|issue= 2|pages= 24|last1= Sota|first1= A.|last2= Maíz Apellániz|first2= J.|last3= Walborn|first3= N. R.|last4= Alfaro|first4= E. J.|last5= Barbá|first5= R. H.|last6= Morrell|first6= N. I.|last7= Gamen|first7= R. C.|last8= Arias|first8= J. I.|year= 2011|doi= 10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24|arxiv = 1101.4002 |s2cid= 119248206}}</ref>

<ref name=tetzlaff2011>{{cite journal | last1=Tetzlaff | first1=N. | last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Hohle | first3=M. M. | title=A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun | journal=[[Organization:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=410 | issue=1 | pages=190–200 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410..190T |arxiv = 1007.4883 | s2cid=118629873 }}</ref>

<ref name=nebot2018>{{cite journal |bibcode=2018A&A...620A..89N |title=The X-ray catalog of spectroscopically identified Galactic O stars. Investigating the dependence of X-ray luminosity on stellar and wind parameters |last1=Nebot Gómez-Morán |first1=A. |last2=Oskinova |first2=L. M. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=2018 |volume=620 |page=620 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201833453 |arxiv=1808.07880 |s2cid=73607059 }}</ref>

<ref name=smith81>{{cite journal|title= Nonradial pulsations in the zero-age main-sequence star upsilon Orionis /09.5 V/ |author= Smith, Myron A.| journal= Astrophysical Journal |issue= 1 | volume= 248 |date=1981 |pages= 214–21 |bibcode = 1981ApJ...248..214S|doi = 10.1086/159145 }}</ref>

<ref name="underhill79">{{cite journal|author=Underhill, A. B.|author2=Divan, L.|author3=Prevot-Burnichon, M.-L.|author4=Doazan, V.|date=1979|title=Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars|journal=[[Organization:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=189|issue=3|pages=601–05|bibcode = 1979MNRAS.189..601U|doi=10.1093/mnras/189.3.601|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=AAVSOups>{{cite web|url=http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=54768 |title=NSV 16333 |author =Watson, Christopher |date=17 December 2005 |work=AAVSO Website|publisher=American Association of Variable Star Observers|access-date=29 January 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=AAVSOBC>{{cite web|url=http://www.aavso.org/vsots_betacep |title=The Beta Cephei Stars and Their Relatives
 |author =BSJ |date=16 July 2010|work=AAVSO Website|publisher=[[Organization:American Association of Variable Star Observers|American Association of Variable Star Observers]]|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Stankov>{{cite journal|author=Stankov, Anamarija|author2=Handler, Gerald |date=2005|title=Catalog of Galactic Beta Cephei Stars|journal=Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.|volume=158|issue=2 |pages=193–216|doi=10.1086/429408|arxiv = astro-ph/0506495 |bibcode = 2005ApJS..158..193S |s2cid=119526948 }}</ref>

<ref name="allen">{{cite book | author=Allen, Richard Hinckley |  date=1963 | orig-year=1899 | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | edition=[[Reprint]] | publisher=[[Social:Dover Publications|Dover Publications]] Inc. | location={{wipe|New York City}}, NY | url=https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/318 | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=[https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/318 318] | url-access=registration }}</ref>

><ref name=wagman>{{cite book  | last = Wagman  | first = Morton  | date = 2003  | title = Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others  | publisher = The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company  | location = Blacksburg, VA  | isbn = 978-0-939923-78-6 |page=513}}</ref>

<ref name="motz">{{cite book|last=Motz|first=Lloyd|author2=Nathanson, Carol |title=The Constellations: An Enthusiast's Guide to the Night Sky|publisher=Aurum Press|location=London, United Kingdom|date=1991|page=116|isbn=978-1-85410-088-7}}</ref>

<ref name="van Leeuwen2007">{{cite journal | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=bibcode&Itemid=129&bibcode=2007A%2526A...474..653VFUL | last1=van Leeuwen | first1=F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | date=2007 | arxiv=0708.1752 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |s2cid = 18759600}} [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/311/hip2&recno=68626 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>

<ref name=baas25_1319>{{cite journal | last1=Garrison | first1=R. F. | title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=25 | page=1319 | date=December 1993 | bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G | url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | access-date=2012-02-04 | archive-date=2019-06-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625094716/http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="AAA550_A26">{{cite journal
 | last1     = Nieva
 | first1    = M.-F.
 | title     = Temperature, gravity, and bolometric correction scales for non-supergiant OB stars
 | journal   = Astronomy & Astrophysics
 | volume    = 550
 | page      = A26
 |date=February 2013
 | doi       = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219677
 | bibcode   = 2013A&A...550A..26N
 | arxiv     = 1212.0928
 | s2cid = 119275940
}}</ref>

<ref name=gosss2016>{{cite journal|bibcode=2016ApJS..224....4M|arxiv=1602.01336|title=The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 Additional O-type Systems|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=224|pages=4|last1=Maíz Apellániz|first1=J.|last2=Sota|first2=A.|last3=Arias|first3=J. I.|last4=Barbá|first4=R. H.|last5=Walborn|first5=N. R.|last6=Simón-Díaz|first6=S.|last7=Negueruela|first7=I.|last8=Marco|first8=A.|last9=Leão|first9=J. R. S.|last10=Herrero|first10=A.|last11=Gamen|first11=R. C.|last12=Alfaro|first12=E. J.|year=2016|issue=1|doi=10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/4|s2cid=55658165 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=rv>{{cite journal|bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W|title=General catalogue of stellar radial velocities|journal=Washington|last1=Wilson|first1=Ralph Elmer|year=1953}}</ref>

}}

{{Stars of Orion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upsilon Orionis}}
[[Category:Orion (constellation)]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Orionis, Upsilon]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names|Thabit]]
[[Category:Beta Cephei variables]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Orionis, 36]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|025923]]
[[Category:O-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|1855]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|036512]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:B-type main-sequence stars]]

{{Sourceattribution|Upsilon Orionis}}