View source for Astronomy:Z8 GND 5296

{{Short description|Dwarf galaxy}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:z8_GND_5296}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name               = z8_GND_5296
| image              = Z8 GND 5296.jpg
| caption            = z8_GND_5296 image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in 2013
| epoch              = J2000
| constellation name = [[Astronomy:Ursa Major|Ursa Major]]
| ra                 = {{RA|12|36|37.892}}<ref name="simbad"/>
| dec                = {{DEC|+62|18|08.54}}<ref name="simbad"/>
| z                  = {{val|7.5078|0.0004}}
| h_radial_v         = {{val|291622|120|ul=km/s}}
| gal_v              = 
| dist_ly            = {{nowrap| {{convert|13.1|e9ly|e9pc|abbr=unit|lk=on}} }} <br /> ([[Astronomy:Distance measures (cosmology)|light travel distance]]) <br /> ≈{{convert|30|e9ly|e9pc|abbr=unit}} <br /> {{nowrap|(present comoving distance)}}
| type               = Dwarf
| mass               = {{val|1.0|0.2|0.1|e=9}}
| size               = <!-- In light years  -->
| stars              = 
| appmag_v           = 25.6 (F160W)
| appmag_b           = 
| absmag_v           = 
| names              = {{nowrap|FIGS GN1 1292}}, {{nowrap|J123637.89+621808.5}}, {{nowrap|z7 GND 42912}}<ref name="simbad"/>
| references         = <ref name="Finkelstein2013">{{cite journal |title=A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51 |journal=Nature |first1=S. L. |last1=Finkelstein |first2=C. |last2=Papovich |first3=M. |last3=Dickinson |first4=M. |last4=Song |first5=V. |last5=Tilvi |first6=A. M. |last6=Koekemoer |first7=K. D. |last7=Finkelstein |first8=B. |last8=Mobasher |first9=H. C. |last9=Ferguson |first10=M. |last10=Giavalisco |first11=N. |last11=Reddy |first12=M. L. N. |last12=Ashby |first13=A. |last13=Dekel |first14=G. G. |last14=Fazio |first15=A. |last15=Fontana |first16=N. A. |last16=Grogin |first17=J.-S. |last17=Huang |first18=D. |last18=Kocevski |first19=M. |last19=Rafelski |first20=B. J. |last20=Weiner |first21=S. P. |last21=Willner |display-authors=5 |volume=502 |issue=7472 |pages=524–527 |year=2013 |arxiv=1310.6031 |doi=10.1038/nature12657|bibcode = 2013Natur.502..524F |pmid=24153304|s2cid=4448085 }}</ref><ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad |title=NAME FIGS GN1 1292 |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''z8_GND_5296''' is a [[Astronomy:Dwarf galaxy|dwarf galaxy]]<ref name="wapost20131023">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/newly-detected-galaxy-is-the-most-distant-ever/2013/10/23/415ac854-3a78-11e3-b7ba-503fb5822c3e_story.html |title=Newly identified galaxy is the most distant ever confirmed |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |first=Meeri |last=Kim |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> discovered in October 2013 which has the highest [[Astronomy:Redshift|redshift]] that has been confirmed through the [[Physics:Lyman-alpha|Lyman-alpha]] emission line of [[Chemistry:Hydrogen|hydrogen]],<ref name="Finkelstein2013"/> placing it among the oldest and most distant known galaxies at approximately {{convert|13.1|e9ly|Gpc|}} from [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]].<ref name="readhorn20131026">{{cite news |url=http://www.readthehorn.com/news/research/85364/farthest_galaxy_ever_seen_discovered_by_ut_researchers |title=Farthest galaxy ever seen discovered by UT researchers |work=The Horn |first=Mihir |last=Shukla |date=26 October 2013 |access-date=30 October 2013 |archive-date=30 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030074352/http://www.readthehorn.com/news/research/85364/farthest_galaxy_ever_seen_discovered_by_ut_researchers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="unitoday20131023">{{cite news |url=http://www.universetoday.com/105694/taking-measure-a-new-most-distant-galaxy/ |title=Taking Measure: A 'New' Most Distant Galaxy |work=Universe Today |first=Matthew |last=Francis |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref> It is "seen as it was at a time just 700 million years after the Big Bang [...] when the universe was only about 5 percent of its current age of 13.8 billion years".<ref name="utexas20131023">{{cite press release |url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2013/10/23/texas-astronomer-discovers-most-distant-known-galaxy/ |title=Texas Astronomer Discovers Most Distant Known Galaxy |publisher=[[Organization:University of Texas at Austin|University of Texas at Austin]] |first=Rebecca |last=Johnson |date=23 October 2013}}</ref> The galaxy is at a [[Astronomy:Redshift|redshift]] of 7.51, and it is a neighbour to what was announced then as the second-most distant galaxy with a redshift of 7.2. The galaxy in its observable timeframe was producing stars at a phenomenal rate, equivalent in mass to about 330 [[Astronomy:Sun|Sun]]s per year.<ref name="Finkelstein2013" />

The light reaching Earth from z8_GND_5296 shows its position over 13 billion years ago, having traveled a distance of more than 13 billion light-years. Due to the [[Physics:Metric expansion of space#How are distances between two points measured if space is expanding.3F|expansion of the universe]], this position is now at about {{convert|30|e9ly|Gpc}} (comoving distance) from Earth.<ref name="bbcnews20131023">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24637890 |title=New galaxy 'most distant' yet discovered |work=BBC News |first=Rebecca |last=Morelle |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=24 October 2013}}</ref>

==Discovery==
[[File:KeckTelescopes-hi.png|thumb|left|W. M. Keck Observatory atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii]]

Research published in the 24 October 2013 issue of the journal ''Nature'' by a team of [[Astronomy:Astronomer|astronomer]]s from the [[Organization:University of Texas at Austin|University of Texas at Austin]] led by Steven Finkelstein, in collaboration with astronomers at the Texas A&M University, the [[Astronomy:National Optical Astronomy Observatory|National Optical Astronomy Observatory]] and [[Organization:University of California, Riverside|University of California, Riverside]], describes the discovery of the most distant galaxy known using deep optical and [[Physics:Infrared|infrared]] images taken by the [[Astronomy:Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble Space Telescope]]. Their discovery was confirmed by the [[Astronomy:W. M. Keck Observatory|W. M. Keck Observatory]] in Hawaii. MOSFIRE, a new instrument at the Keck Observatory that is extremely sensitive to infrared light, proved instrumental to this finding.<ref name="ucrtoday20131023">{{cite news |url=http://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/18589 |title=UC Riverside Astronomers Help Discover the Most Distant Known Galaxy |work=UCR Today |publisher=University of California, Riverside |first=Iqbal |last=Pittalwala |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

To measure galaxies at such large distances with definitive evidence, astronomers use [[Physics:Spectroscopy|spectroscopy]] and the phenomenon of [[Astronomy:Redshift|redshift]]. Redshift occurs whenever a light source moves away from an observer. Astronomical redshift is seen due to the [[Physics:Metric expansion of space|expansion of the universe]], and sufficiently distant light sources (generally more than a few million [[Astronomy:Light-year|light-year]]s away) show redshift corresponding to the rate of increase in their distance from Earth. The redshift observed in astronomy can be measured because the [[Physics:Emission spectrum|emission]] and [[Physics:Absorption spectrum|absorption spectra]] for [[Physics:Atom|atom]]s are distinctive and well known, [[Calibration|calibrated]] from [[Physics:Spectroscopy|spectroscopic experiments]] in laboratories on Earth.<ref name="Bolzonella2000">{{cite journal |title=Photometric Redshifts based on standard SED fitting procedures |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |first1=Micol |last1=Bolzonella |first2=Joan-Marc |last2=Miralles |first3=Roser |last3=Pelló |volume=363 |pages=476–492 |date=November 2000 |arxiv=astro-ph/0003380 |bibcode=2000A&A...363..476B}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Galactic orientation]]
* [[Astronomy:List of the most distant astronomical objects|List of the most distant astronomical objects]]
* [[Astronomy:Luminous infrared galaxy|Luminous infrared galaxy]]
* [[Astronomy:Expansion of the universe|Expansion of the universe]]
* [[Astronomy:Observable universe|Observable universe]]
* Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{s-ach|rec}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Astronomy:SXDF-NB1006-2|SXDF-NB1006-2]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Astronomy:List of galaxies#Most distant galaxies|Most distant galaxy]]|years=2013–2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Astronomy:EGS-zs8-1|EGS-zs8-1]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Galaxy}}
{{2013 in space}}

[[Category:Dwarf galaxies]]
[[Category:Starburst galaxies]]

{{Sourceattribution|Z8 GND 5296}}