View source for Base36

{{short description|Binary-to-text encoding scheme}}

'''Base36''' is a [[Binary-to-text encoding|binary-to-text encoding]] scheme that represents [[Binary data|binary data]] in an [[ASCII]] string format by translating it into a [[Radix|radix]]-36 representation. The choice of 36 is convenient in that the digits can be represented using the [[Arabic numerals]] 0–9 and the Latin letters A–Z<ref name=HopeWalther>{{Citation
  | last1 = Hope
  | first1 = Paco
  | last2 = Walther
  | first2 = Ben
  | title = Web Security Testing Cookbook
  | place = 
  | publisher = O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  | year = 2008
  | location = Sebastopol, CA
  | volume = 
  | edition = 
  | url = https://archive.org/details/websecuritytesti00hope
  | doi = 
  | id = 
  | isbn = 978-0-596-51483-9
  | url-access = registration
  }}</ref> (the ISO basic Latin alphabet).

Each base36 digit needs less than 6 bits of information to be represented.

== Conversion ==

Signed [[32-bit computing|32]]- and [[64-bit computing|64]]-[[Bitwise operation|bit]] [[Integer|integers]] will only hold at most 6 or 13 base-36 digits, respectively (that many base-36 digits can overflow the 32- and 64-bit integers). For example, the 64-bit signed integer maximum value of "9223372036854775807" is "{{mono|1Y2P0IJ32E8E7}}" in base-36.
Similarly, the 32-bit signed integer maximum value of "2147483647" is "{{mono|ZIK0ZJ}}" in base-36.

=== Standard implementations  ===
The C standard library since C89 supports base36 numbers via the strtol and strtoul functions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/string/byte/strtol|title = strtol, strtoll — cppreference.com}}</ref>

In the [[Common Lisp]] standard (ANSI INCITS 226-1994), functions like <code>parse-integer</code> support a radix of 2 to 36.<ref name="HyperSpec-Radix">{{cite web|url=http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/26_glo_r.htm#radix|title=Common Lisp HyperSpec|website=LispWorks|access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref>

Java SE supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36.  For example, [https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Character.html#digit-char-int-] and [https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/math/BigInteger.html#BigInteger-java.lang.String-int-]

Just like [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]] also supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36. [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/toString]

[[Organization:PHP|PHP]], like Java, supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36 using the [https://secure.php.net/manual/en/function.base-convert.php base_convert] function, available since PHP 4.

[[Go (programming language)|Go]] supports conversion to string to different bases from 2 up to 36 using the built-in <code>strconv.FormatInt()</code>, and <code>strconv.FormatUint()</code> functions,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/#FormatInt|title = Strconv package - strconv - PKG.go.dev}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/#FormatUint|title=Strconv package - strconv - PKG.go.dev}}</ref> and conversions from string encoded in different bases from 2 up to 36 using the built-in <code>strconv.ParseInt()</code>, and <code>strconv.ParseUint()</code> functions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/#ParseInt|title = Strconv package - strconv - PKG.go.dev}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/#ParseUint|title = Strconv package - strconv - PKG.go.dev}}</ref>

[[Python (programming language)|Python]] allows conversions of strings from base 2 to base 36.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int|title = Built-in Functions — Python 3.10.0 documentation}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Annotated link|Senary}}
* [[Uuencoding]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705000329/http://www.wordwizard.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=17971 A discussion about the proper name for base 36] at the Wordwizard Clubhouse
* [http://primes.utm.edu/notes/words.html The Prime Lexicon], a list of words that are [[Prime number|prime number]]s in base 36
* [http://www.tonymarston.net/php-mysql/converter.html A Binary-Octal-Decimal-Hexadecimal-Base36 converter] written in [[Organization:PHP|PHP]]
* [http://www.stum.de/2008/10/20/base36-encoderdecoder-in-c A C# base 36 encoder and decoder]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190817084532/https://www.wikiofcode.com/The_HexaTriDecimal_Numbering_System sample in C# that demonstrates the HexaTriDecimal Numbering System including string parsing, as well as increment/decrement operations]

[[Category:Binary-to-text encoding formats]]
[[Category:Computer arithmetic]]
[[Category:Data serialization formats]]

{{Data Exchange}}

{{Sourceattribution|Base36}}