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'''Bice''', from the French ''bis'', originally meaning dark-coloured, is a [[Green|green]] or [[Blue|blue]] pigment. In [[Social:French language|French]] the terms ''vert bis'' and ''azur bis'' mean dark green and dark blue respectively. Bice pigments were generally prepared from basic [[Chemistry:Copper|copper]] [[Chemistry:Carbonate|carbonate]]s, but sometimes [[Ultramarine|ultramarine]] or other pigments were used.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bice |volume=3 |page=911}}</ref>

==Historic usage==
In 1522 a stone cross with gilt lead stars was erected at the Bullstake in Canterbury, and painted with bice and gilded by Florence the painter. The bice cost 6 shillings the pound.<ref>''HMC 9th Report: Canterbury'' (London, 1883), p. 150.</ref>

Jo Kirby of the National Gallery London notes the occurrence of the pigment ''bice'' in three grades in an account of Tudor painting at Greenwich Palace in 1527. In this case, the three grades indicate the use of the mineral [[Chemistry:Azurite|azurite]] rather than a manufactured blue copper carbonate. Similarly, ''green bice'' in other 16th-records may sometimes have been the mineral [[Chemistry:Malachite|malachite]].<ref>Roskill & Hand, ed., ''Hans Holbein, Paintings, Prints, and Reception'' (Yale, 2001), p. 119.</ref> Ian Bristow, [[Social:Historic paint analysis|a historian of paint]], concluded that the pigment ''blue bice'' found in records of British interior-decoration until the first half of the 17th century was azurite. The expensive natural mineral azurite was superseded by manufactured ''blue verditer''.<ref>Bristow, Ian C., ''Interior house-Painting Colours and Technology, 1615-1640'' (Yale, 1996), p. 17.</ref>

The color is also referenced in Edith Nesbit's novel ''The Treasure Seekers'': "...Alice looked up from her painting. She was trying to paint a fairy queen's frock with green bice, and it wouldn't rub. There is something funny about green bice. It never will rub off; no matter how expensive your paintbox is-and even boiling water is very little use. She said, ‘Bother the bice’!..."<ref>Chapter 9 of "The Treasure Seekers" by E.Nesbit</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Inorganic pigments]]
[[Category:Shades of green|bice]]
[[Category:Shades of blue|bice]]



{{Sourceattribution|Bice}}