View source for Biography:Anne Rice

{{Short description|American author (1941–2021)}}
{{Infobox writer
| image = Anne Rice.jpg
| caption = Rice in 2006
| birth_place = New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
| birth_name = Howard Allen Frances O'Brien<!-- Mentioned in the Early life section below.-->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|12|11|1941|10|04}}
| death_place = Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Organization:San Francisco State University|San Francisco State University]] (BA, MA)
| occupation = Novelist
| pseudonym = {{plainlist|
* Anne Rampling
* A. N. Roquelaure
}}
| genre = {{cslist|Gothic fiction|horror|erotic literature|Christian novel|fantasy}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Stan Rice|1961|2002|reason=died}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* Michele Rice
* Christopher Rice}}
| influences = <!-- This parameter was removed from the Infobox writer template with a note to incorporate cited information in the text. That has been done.-->
| website = {{URL|annerice.com}}
}}
'''Anne Rice'''<ref name=Bowman>{{cite book|last=Bowman|first=John S.|title=The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-521-40258-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607 607]|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607}}</ref> (born '''Howard Allen Frances O'Brien'''; October 4, 1941 – December 11, 2021) was an American author of gothic fiction, erotic literature, and Christian literature.
She was best known for her series of novels ''The Vampire Chronicles''. The first book became the subject of a film adaptation—''Interview with the Vampire'' (1994).

Born in New Orleans, Rice spent much of her early life in the city before moving to {{wipe|Texas}}, and later to San Francisco. She was raised in an observant [[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic]] family but became an agnostic as a young adult. She began her professional writing career with the publication of ''Interview with the Vampire'' (1976), while living in California, and began writing sequels to the novel in the 1980s. In the mid-2000s, following a publicized return to Catholicism, Rice published the novels ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'' and ''Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana'', fictionalized accounts of certain incidents in the life of Jesus. Several years later she distanced herself from organized Christianity, citing disagreement with the Catholic Church's stances on social issues but pledging that faith in God remained "central to [her] life."{{cn|date=January 2023}} However, she later considered herself a secular humanist.<ref name="Secular Humanist">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne Rice|url=https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10151623323420452|publisher=Facebook|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=April 14, 2013|quote=What do the words, "secular humanism," mean to you? Can you explain? (I am a secular humanist myself and I am thankful to be living in what I believe to be a secular humanist country, but I welcome your thoughts on this.)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124235605/https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10151623323420452|archive-date=January 24, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rice's books have sold over 100 million copies, making her one of the best-selling authors of modern times.<ref name=Fantastic>{{cite web|title=Anne Rice|url=http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/r/anne-rice/|publisher=FantasticFiction|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321093547/http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/r/anne-rice/|archive-date=March 21, 2011|url-status=live|quote=Her books sold nearly 100 million copies, making her one of the most widely read authors in modern history.}}</ref><ref name="On Conversion">{{cite web|title=Author Anne Rice on Conversion|url=https://www.preachingtoday.com/illustrations/2008/march/10032408.html|publisher=Christianity Today|website=Preaching Today|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619164325/http://www.preachingtoday.com/illustrations/2008/march/10032408.html|archive-date=June 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> While reaction to her early works was initially mixed, she gained a better reception with critics in the 1980s. Her writing style and the literary content of her works have been analyzed by literary commentators. She was married to poet and painter Stan Rice for 41 years, from 1961 until his death from brain cancer in 2002 at age 60.<ref name=Phone>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Phone Message Transcript: December 9, 2002|url=http://www.annerice.com/ph20021209.htm|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510095922/http://www.annerice.com/ph20021209.htm|archive-date=May 10, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stan Obit">{{cite web|title=Stan Rice Obituary|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=stan-rice&pid=646671&fhid=2618|publisher=Legacy.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021013140/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=stan-rice&pid=646671&fhid=2618|archive-date=October 21, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> She and Stan had two children, Michele, who died of [[Medicine:Leukemia|leukemia]] at age five, and Christopher, who is also an author.

In addition to her vampire novels, Rice authored books such as ''The Feast of All Saints'' (adapted for television in 2001) and ''Servant of the Bones'', which formed the basis of a 2011 comic book miniseries. Several books from ''The Vampire Chronicles'' have been adapted as comics and manga by various publishers. Rice also authored erotic fiction under the pen names Anne Rampling and A.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Roquelaure, including ''Exit to Eden'', which was later adapted into a 1994 film.

==Early life==
===New Orleans and Texas===
Born in New Orleans on October 4, 1941, Howard Allen Frances O'Brien<ref name=":1b">{{Cite web |last=McClure |first=Kelly |date=October 24, 2022 |title=How Anne Rice's alcoholism influenced 'Interview with the Vampire' |url=https://www.salon.com/2022/10/24/lust-for-life-how-anne-rices-alcoholism-influenced-interview-with-the-vampire/ |access-date=November 22, 2022 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref> was the second of four daughters of parents of Irish [[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic]] descent, Howard O'Brien (1917–1991) and Katherine "Kay" Allen O'Brien (1908–1956).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|title=Anne Rice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006101829/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|archive-date=October 6, 2021|access-date=October 3, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|title=Anne Rice: interview with the vampire writer|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=November 2, 2008|access-date=September 11, 2010|first=Stuart|last=Husband|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213042527/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|archive-date=December 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Her father, a naval veteran of [[Social:World War II|World War II]] and lifelong resident of New Orleans, worked as a personnel executive for the U.S. Postal Service<ref name="Father Obit" /> and authored one novel, ''The Impulsive Imp'', which was published posthumously.<ref name="Imp review">{{cite web|title=THE IMPULSIVE IMP by Howard O'Brien|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/howard-obrien/the-impulsive-imp/|publisher=Kirkus Reviews|access-date=February 25, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Chamber Imp">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=The Impulsive Imp|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185217/http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|archive-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Her older sister, Alice Borchardt, later became an author of fantasy and historical romance novels.<ref name="obit">"{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-03-me-borchardt3-story.html |title=Alice Borchardt, 67; author wrote historical romance novels in second career after nursing |first=Mary |last=Rourke |website=Los Angeles Times |date=August 3, 2007 |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>

Rice spent most of her youth in New Orleans, which forms the backdrop against which many of her works are set.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maccash |first=Doug |date=December 12, 2021 |title=Anne Rice, New Orleans' queen of Goth literature and champion of the city's mystique, has died |url=https://www.nola.com/news/article_b1128026-5b60-11ec-bea2-7f867d67656f.html |access-date=October 24, 2022 |website=NOLA.com |language=en}}</ref> She and her family lived in the rented home of her maternal grandmother, Alice Allen, known as "Mamma Allen," at 2301 St. Charles Avenue in the Irish Channel, which Rice said was widely considered a "Catholic Ghetto".<ref name=Busted>{{cite web|last=McGarvey|first=Bill|title=Busted: Anne Rice|date=November 22, 2005|url=http://www.bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|publisher=Busted Halo|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722014053/http://bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|archive-date=July 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frommer's">{{cite web|title=Special-Interest Sightseeing: Anne Rice's New Orleans|url=https://www.frommers.com/destinations/new-orleans/special-interest-sightseeing|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322032212/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/0020020185.html|archive-date=March 22, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Allen, who began working as a domestic shortly after separating from her alcoholic husband, was an important early influence in Rice's life, keeping the family and household together as Rice's mother sank deeper into [[Medicine:Alcoholism|alcoholism]]. Allen died in 1949, but the O'Briens remained in her home until 1956, when they moved to 2524 St. Charles Avenue, a former rectory, convent, and school owned by the parish, to be closer to both the church and support for Katherine's addiction.<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 34–35</ref> As a young child, Rice studied at St. Alphonsus School, a Catholic institution previously attended by her father.<ref name="Busted" />

About her male given names, Rice said:
{{blockquote|Well, my birth name is Howard Allen because apparently my mother thought it was a good idea to name me Howard. My father's name was Howard, she wanted to name me after Howard, and she thought it was a very interesting thing to do. She was a bit of a Bohemian, a bit of mad woman, a bit of a genius, and a great deal of a great teacher. And she had the idea that naming a woman Howard was going to give that woman an unusual advantage in the world.<ref name=Answered>{{cite web|last=Rice |first=Anne |title=You Asked, Anne Answered |url=http://www.annerice.com/ques_per.htm#howard |publisher=Kith and Kin, LLC. |work=AnneRice.com |access-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205061038/http://www.annerice.com/ques_per.htm |archive-date=December 5, 1998 }}</ref>}}

However, according to the authorized biography ''Prism of the Night'', by Katherine Ramsland, Rice's father was the source of his daughter's birth name: "Thinking back to the days when his own name had been associated with girls, and perhaps in an effort to give it away, Howard named the little girl Howard Allen Frances O'Brien."<ref>Ramsland 1991. p. 10</ref> Rice became "Anne" on her first day of school, when a nun asked her what her name was. She told the nun "Anne," which she considered a pretty name. Her mother, who was with her, let it go without correcting her, knowing how self-conscious her daughter was of her real name. From that day on, everyone she knew addressed her as "Anne",<ref>{{YouTube|OhzKP9SxSLQ|Interview "Called Out Of Darkness: Part 1: An Anne Rice Memoir" ''annerice.com channel,'' September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Chamber Bio">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Biography|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Biography.html|work=AnneRice.com|publisher=Anne Rice|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223061622/http://annerice.com/Chamber-Biography.html|archive-date=February 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> and her name was legally changed in 1947.<ref name="Bowman" /> Rice was confirmed in the Catholic Church when she was twelve years old and took the full name Howard Allen Frances Alphonsus Liguori O'Brien,{{Clarify|reason=Wasn't she already legally Anne by that point, as implied by the previous sentence?|date=January 2020}} adding the names of a saint and of an aunt, who was a nun. "I was honored to have my aunt's name," she said, "but it was my burden and joy as a child to have strange names."<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 28, 44</ref>

When Rice was fifteen years old, her mother died as a result of alcoholism.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name=Ferraro>{{cite news|last=Ferraro|first=Susan|title=Novels You Can Sink Your Teeth Into|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/14/magazine/novels-you-can-sink-your-teeth-into.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times Magazine|access-date=July 3, 2012|date=October 14, 1990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213145948/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/14/magazine/novels-you-can-sink-your-teeth-into.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archive-date=December 13, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bio Channel">{{cite web|title=Anne Rice Biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/anne-rice.html |work=Biography |publisher=AETN UK |access-date=June 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510182154/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/anne-rice.html |archive-date=May 10, 2012 }}</ref> Soon afterward, she and her sisters were placed by their father in St. Joseph Academy. Rice described St. Joseph's as "something out of ''Jane Eyre'' ... a dilapidated, awful, medieval type of place. I really hated it and wanted to leave. I felt betrayed by my father."<ref>Ramsland 1991, p. 53</ref>

In November 1957, Rice's father married Dorothy Van Bever.<ref name="Father Obit">{{cite web|title=O Obituaries Orleans Parish Louisiana|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/obits/1/o-01.txt|work=USGenWeb Archives|publisher=USGenWeb|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531070939/http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/obits/1/o-01.txt|archive-date=May 31, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> On the subject of the couple's first meeting, Rice recalled, "My father wrote her a formal letter inviting her to lunch which I hand-delivered to her house ... I was so nervous. In the note he enclosed a pin which she was to wear if she accepted the invitation. The next day she had the pin on."<ref name="Father Obit" /> In 1958, when Rice was sixteen, her father moved the family to north {{wipe|Texas}}, purchasing their first home in Richardson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/21/7CjxFQmqRbU|title="The high school home," ''annerice.com YouTube Channel,'' March 17, 2011|work=YouTube|access-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/21/7CjxFQmqRbU|archive-date=August 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Rice first met her future husband, Stan Rice, in a journalism class while they were both students at Richardson High School.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/22/4txp4KB-UtY|title="Returning to high school," ''annerice.com YouTube channel,'' March 17, 2011|work=YouTube|access-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/22/4txp4KB-UtY|archive-date=August 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

===San Francisco and Berkeley===
Graduating from Richardson High in 1959, Rice completed her first year at [[Organization:Texas Woman's University|Texas Woman's University]] in Denton and transferred to [[Organization:University of North Texas|North Texas State College]] for her second year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de los Reyes |first=Lisa |date=December 12, 2021 |title=Anne Rice, Author and Screenwriter of 'Interview With the Vampire,' Dies at 80 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/anne-rice-dead-author-interview-with-the-vampire-1235061422/ |access-date=October 24, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> She dropped out when she ran out of money and was unable to find employment.<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 66–67</ref> Soon after, she moved to San Francisco and stayed with the family of a friend until she found work as an insurance claims processor. She persuaded her former roommate from Texas Woman's University, Ginny Mathis, to join her, and they found an apartment in the Haight-Ashbury district. Mathis acquired a job at the same insurance company as Rice. Soon after, they began taking night courses at [[Organization:University of San Francisco|University of San Francisco]], an all-male Jesuit school that allowed women to take classes at night. For Easter vacation Anne returned home to Texas, rekindling her relationship with Stan Rice. After her return to San Francisco, Stan Rice came for a week-long visit during summer break. He returned to Texas, Rice moved back in with the Percys{{who|date=December 2021}}, and Mathis left San Francisco in August to enroll in a nursing program in Oklahoma. Some time later, Anne received a special delivery letter from Stan Rice asking her to marry him. They married on October 14, 1961, in Denton, Texas, soon after she turned twenty years old, and when he was just weeks from his nineteenth birthday.<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp.67–77</ref>

The Rices moved back to San Francisco in 1962, experiencing the birth of the hippie movement firsthand as they lived in the Haight-Ashbury district, Berkeley, and later the Castro District.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|title=Anne Rice|website=IMDb|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215202/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> "I'm a totally conservative person," she later told ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'', "In the middle of Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s, I was typing away while everybody was dropping acid and smoking grass. I was known as my own square."<ref name=Kellerman>{{cite news|last=Kellerman|first=Stewart|title=Other Incarnations Of the Vampire Author|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|access-date=June 30, 2012|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=November 7, 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524225924/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archive-date=May 24, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rice attended [[Organization:San Francisco State University|San Francisco State University]] and obtained a B.A. in political science in 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |title=An Interview with Anne Rice |website=San Francisco State University |date=2006 |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |archive-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> Their daughter Michele, later nicknamed "Mouse", was born to the couple on September 21, 1966, and Rice later interrupted her graduate studies at SFSU to become a PhD candidate at the [[Organization:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]. She soon became disenchanted with the emphasis on literary criticism and the language requirements. In Rice's words, "I wanted to be a writer, not a literature student."<ref name="smalltalk" />

Rice returned to San Francisco State in 1970 to finish her studies in creative writing and graduated with an M.A. in 1972. Stan Rice became an instructor at San Francisco State shortly after receiving his own M.A. in creative writing from the institution, and later chaired the creative writing department before retiring in 1988.<ref name=smalltalk>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d15d15e4-ede9-11df-8616-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q9PwBRye |title=Small talk: Anne Rice |last=Metcalfe |first=Anna |date=November 15, 2010 |website=Financial Times |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515023432/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d15d15e4-ede9-11df-8616-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q9PwBRye |archive-date=May 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 112–113</ref> Her daughter was diagnosed with acute granulocytic leukemia in 1970, while Rice was still in the graduate program. Rice later described having a prophetic dream—months before Michele became ill—that her daughter was dying from "something wrong with her blood." Michele died in 1972, shortly before she would have turned six.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.com/archive/anne-rices-imagination-may-roam-among-vampires-and-erotica-but-her-heart-is-right-at-home-vol-30-no-23/ |title=Anne Rice's Imagination May Roam Among Vampires and Erotica, but Her Heart Is Right at Home |last1=Wadler |first1=Joyce |last2=Greene |first2=Johnny |date=December 5, 1998 |website=People |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330123938/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100681,00.html |archive-date=March 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name=NYT-obituary />

Rice's son Christopher was born in Berkeley, California, in 1978;<ref name=Riley>{{cite book|last=Riley|first=Michael|title=Conversations with Anne Rice|date=April 1996|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0-345-39636-7|page=xvi|type = Soft cover|chapter=Chronology}}</ref> he has become a best-selling author in his own right, publishing his first novel at the age of 22.<ref name=ChristopherBlog>{{cite web|title=About Christopher |url=http://www.christopherricebooks.com/AboutChristopher.html |work=Christopher Rice, New York Times Best Selling Novelist |publisher=Christopher Rice |access-date=April 26, 2014 |quote=Christopher's first novel, A DENSITY OF SOULS, was published when he was just 22. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309123557/http://www.christopherricebooks.com/AboutChristopher.html |archive-date=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> Rice, an admitted alcoholic, and her husband, Stan Rice, quit drinking in mid-1979 so their son would not have the life that she had as a child.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/280/B2PN9vS7oLQ "Don't Drink"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828225501/https://www.youtube.com/user/AnneRiceDotCom#p/u/280/B2PN9vS7oLQ |date=August 28, 2014 }}, annerice.com YouTube channel</ref> In 2008, Rice posted a YouTube video to celebrate 28 years of her sobriety.<ref name=":1b" />

==Writing career==
===Influences=== <!-- This parameter was removed from the Infobox writer template with a note to incorporate cited information in the text.-->
Rice cited [[Biography:Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]],<ref name=Essay>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Essay on Earlier Works|url=http://www.annerice.com/Bookshelf-EarlierWorks.html|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601023819/http://annerice.com/Bookshelf-EarlierWorks.html|archive-date=June 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Biography:Virginia Woolf|Virginia Woolf]],<ref name=Recommendations>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne's Chamber: Recommendations|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Recommendations.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527152431/http://annerice.com/Chamber-Recommendations.html|archive-date=May 27, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Biography:John Milton|John Milton]],<ref name="Essay" /> [[Biography:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]],<ref name="Recommendations" /> William Shakespeare,<ref name="Recommendations" /> the Brontë sisters,<ref name="Essay" /> [[Biography:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]],<ref name="Busted" /> Henry James,<ref name="Ferraro" /> [[Biography:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]], H. Rider Haggard,{{sfn|Cardin|2015|page=358}} and [[Biography:Stephen King|Stephen King]]<ref name=billboard>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice-7074806/|title=Alice Cooper Interviews Anne Rice on Religion, Vampires, Tom Cruise & Pot|last=Cooper|first=Alice|date=March 11, 2016|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 28, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813104620/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7074806/alice-cooper-interviews-anne-rice|url-status=live}}</ref> as influences on her work. She repeatedly returned to King's ''Firestarter'' for inspiration, saying "I study the novel ''Firestarter'' whenever I'm blocked. Reading the first few pages of ''Firestarter'' helps to get me going."<ref name=billboard/>

===''Interview with the Vampire''===
In 1973, while still grieving the loss of her daughter (1966–1972), Rice took a previously written short story and turned it into her first novel, the bestselling ''Interview with the Vampire''. She based her vampires on Gloria Holden's character in ''Dracula's Daughter'': "It established to me what vampires were—these elegant, tragic, sensitive people. I was really just going with that feeling when writing ''Interview With the Vampire''. I didn't do a lot of research."<ref name="Daily Beast">{{cite news|last=Stern|first=Marlow|title=Anne Rice on Sparkly Vampires, 'Twilight,' 'True Blood,' and Werewolves|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves|work=The Daily Beast|date=November 23, 2011|access-date=August 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725055318/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/23/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves.html|archive-date=July 25, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> After completing the novel and following many rejections from publishers, Rice developed [[Medicine:Obsessive–compulsive disorder|obsessive–compulsive disorder]] (OCD). She became obsessed with germs, thinking that she contaminated everything she touched, engaged in frequent and obsessive hand washing and obsessively checked locks on windows and doors. Of this period, Rice says, "What you see when you're in that state is every single flaw in our hygiene and you can't control it and you go crazy."<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 157–158</ref>

In August 1974, after a year of therapy for her OCD, Rice attended the Squaw Valley Writer's Conference at Squaw Valley, conducted by writer Ray Nelson.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mackay|first=Kathleen|title=The Anne Rice Reader|date=February 11, 1997|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0345402677|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/annericereader00kath|editor=Ramsland, Katherine|access-date=April 26, 2014|chapter-format=Paperback|chapter=A Literary Friendship: Life Is Not A Footrace|quote='I remember what you were wearing,' Anne said recently, recalling our first meeting in August 1974. It was the first night of the weeklong writers' conference at Squaw Valley, California, and we were at a party welcoming us to the writers' community.}}</ref> While at the conference, Rice met her future literary agent, Phyllis Seidel. In October 1974, Seidel sold the publishing rights to ''Interview with the Vampire'' to Alfred A. Knopf for a $12,000 advance of the hardcover rights, at a time when most new authors were receiving $2,000 advances.<ref>Ramsland 1991, pp. 159–160</ref> ''Interview with the Vampire'' was published in May 1976. In 1977, the Rices traveled to both Europe and Egypt for the first time.<ref name="Bio Channel" />

===Other works===
Following the publication of ''Interview with the Vampire'', while living in California, Rice wrote two historical novels, ''The Feast of All Saints'' and ''Cry to Heaven'', along with three erotic novels (''The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty'', ''Beauty's Punishment'', and ''Beauty's Release'') under the pseudonym A. N. Roquelaure, and two more under the pseudonym Anne Rampling (''Exit to Eden'' and ''Belinda''). Rice then returned to the vampire genre with ''The Vampire Lestat'' and ''The Queen of the Damned'', her bestselling sequels to ''Interview with the Vampire''.<ref name=":2" />

Shortly after her June 1988 return to New Orleans, Rice penned ''The Witching Hour'' as an expression of her joy at coming home. Rice also continued her ''Vampire Chronicles'' series, which later grew to encompass ten novels, and followed up on ''The Witching Hour'' with ''Lasher'' and ''Taltos'', completing the ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' trilogy. She also published ''Violin'', a tale of a ghostly haunting, in 1997.<ref name="Ramsland312-317">Ramsland 1991, pp. 312–317</ref> Rice appeared on an episode of ''The Real World: New Orleans'' that aired in 2000.<ref>"The Real World" Episode:Mardi Gras Mayhem</ref>

Rice began another series called ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'', published in 2005, chronicling the life of Jesus.<ref name=":2" /> After moving to Rancho Mirage, California in 2006,<ref name="PEInterview"/> Rice wrote a second volume ''Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana'', published in March 2008, and was working on a third ''Christ the Lord: Kingdom of Heaven'' in November 2008. She also wrote the first two books in her ''Songs of the Seraphim'' series, ''Angel Time'' and ''Of Love and Evil'', and her memoir ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession''.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=Anne's Messages to Fans|url=http://www.annerice.com/ReaderInteraction-MessagesToFans.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230021048/http://www.annerice.com/ReaderInteraction-MessagesToFans.html|archive-date=December 30, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 9, 2014, Rice announced on her son Christopher's radio show, ''The Dinner Party with Christopher Rice and Eric Shaw Quinn'', that she had completed another book in the ''Vampire Chronicles'', titled, ''Prince Lestat'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/84069/prince-lestat-book/ |title=Prince Lestat (Book) |date=January 5, 2015 |access-date=January 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106020710/http://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/84069/prince-lestat-book/ |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> a "true sequel" to ''Queen of the Damned''. The book was released on October 28, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Seikaly|first=Andrea|title=Anne Rice Announces New 'Vampire Chronicles' Book|url=https://variety.com/2014/scene/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-prince-lestat-1201128867/|work=Variety|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=March 10, 2014|quote=Rice said ''Prince Lestat'' will be a 'true sequel' to her 1988 novel ''Queen of the Damned''....|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323003231/http://variety.com/2014/scene/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-prince-lestat-1201128867/|archive-date=March 23, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, a sequel to the ''Sleeping Beauty'' trilogy, ''Beauty's Kingdom'', was released.<ref name=":0" />

==Reception and analysis==
Following its debut in 1976, ''Interview with the Vampire'' received mixed reviews from critics at this time, causing Rice to retreat temporarily from the supernatural genre.<ref name="Ferraro" /> When ''The Vampire Lestat'' debuted in 1985, reaction—both from critics and from readers—was more positive, and the first hardcover edition of the book sold 75,000 copies.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Upon its publication in 1988, ''The Queen of the Damned'' was given an initial hardcover printing of 405,000 copies.<ref name="Ferraro" /> The novel was a main selection of the Literary Guild of America for 1988,<ref name=Hunter>{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Jeffrey W.|title=Contemporary Literary Criticism|volume=128|date=2000|publisher=Gale Cengage|isbn=0787632031}}</ref> and reached the No. 1 spot on ''The New York Times'' Best Seller list, staying on the list for more than four months.<ref name="Ferraro" />

Rice's novels are well regarded by many members of the LGBT+ community, some of whom have perceived her vampire characters as allegorical symbols of isolation and social alienation.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Similarly, a reviewer writing for ''The Boston Globe'', observed that the vampires of her novels represent "the walking alienated, those of us who, by choice or not, dwell on the fringe."<ref name="Day 2002, p. 43">Day 2002, p. 43</ref> On the subject, Rice herself commented, "From the beginning, I've had gay fans, and gay readers who felt that my works involved a sustained gay allegory ... I didn't set out to do that, but that was what they perceived. So even when Christopher was a little baby, I had gay readers and gay friends and knew gay people, and lived in the Castro district of San Francisco, which was a gay neighborhood."<ref name=NPR />

Rice's writings have also been identified as having had a major impact on later developments within the genre of vampire fiction.<ref name="Day 2002, p. 43"/> "Rice turns vampire conventions inside out," wrote Susan Ferraro of ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}''. "Because Rice identifies with the vampire instead of the victim (reversing the usual focus), the horror for the reader springs from the realization of the monster within the self. Moreover, Rice's vampires are loquacious philosophers who spend much of eternity debating the nature of good and evil."<ref name="Ferraro"/>

In addition, Rice's writing style has been heavily analyzed.<ref name="Hunter" /> Ferraro, in a statement typical of many reviewers, described Rice's prose as "florid, both lurid and lyrical, and full of sensuous detail". However, others have criticized her writing style as both verbose and overly philosophical.<ref name="Hunter"/> Author William Patrick Day comments that her writing is often "long, convoluted, and imprecise".<ref>Day 2002, p. 45</ref> ''The New York Times'' critic Michiko Kakutani wrote that "Anne Rice has what might best be described as a Gothic imagination crossed with a campy taste for the decadent and the bizarre."<ref name="Kakutani">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|title=Books of the Times; Vampire for Out Times|first=Michiko|last=Kakutani|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=October 19, 1985|access-date=May 20, 2020|page=16|url-access=limited|archive-date=October 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015235431/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Back to New Orleans and Catholicism===
In June 1988, following the success of ''The Vampire Lestat'' and with ''The Queen of the Damned'' about to be published, the Rices purchased a second home in New Orleans, the Brevard–Rice House, built in 1857 for Albert Hamilton Brevard. Stan took a leave of absence from his teaching, and together they moved to New Orleans. Within months, they decided to make it their permanent home.<ref name="Ramsland312-317"/>

Rice returned to the Catholic Church in 1998 after decades of [[Philosophy:Atheism|atheism]]. She fell into a coma, later determined to be caused by [[Medicine:Diabetic ketoacidosis|diabetic ketoacidosis]] (DKA), on December 14, 1998, and nearly died.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|work=ABC|title=Anne Rice Says Diabetes Nearly Killed Her|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=June 26, 2004|access-date=January 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202011939/http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She was later diagnosed with [[Medicine:Diabetes mellitus type 1|diabetes mellitus type 1]], and was [[Biology:Insulin|insulin]]-dependent.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about diabetic coma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220443/http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 1, 1999.</ref><ref>Burke, Anne. [http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html "An Interview with Anne Rice"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |date=November 19, 2011 }} ''SFSU Magazine Online,'' Spring 2006.</ref><ref>Ayres, Chris. [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-conversation-anne-rice-t05x8pfsdns "The conversation: Anne Rice"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422180701/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article6905136.ece |date=April 22, 2011 }} ''The Sunday Times,'' December 7, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2022</ref> Following the advice of her husband, Rice underwent gastric bypass surgery shortly after his death and shed 103 pounds in 2003.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about gastric bypass surgery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220503/http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 17, 2003.</ref><ref>Adato, Allison. [https://people.com/archive/chapter-two-vol-60-no-25/ "Chapter Two"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330062021/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20149013,00.html |date=March 30, 2011 }} ''People Magazine,'' Vol. 60, No. 25, December 22, 2003. Retrieved February 28, 2022</ref>

Rice nearly died again from an intestinal blockage or [[Medicine:Bowel obstruction|bowel obstruction]], a common complication of gastric bypass surgery, in 2004. In 2005, ''Newsweek'' reported, "[Rice] came close to death last year, when she had surgery for an intestinal blockage, and also back in 1998, when she went into a sudden diabetic coma; that same year she returned to the Roman Catholic Church, which she'd left at 18."<ref name="GatesNewsweek">Gates, David. [https://www.newsweek.com/gospel-according-anne-120649 "The Gospel According to Anne"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029192319/https://www.newsweek.com/gospel-according-anne-120649 |date=October 29, 2021 }} ''Newsweek'', October 31, 2005. Retrieved October 29, 2021</ref> Her return did not come with a full embrace of the Church's stances on social issues; Rice remained a vocal supporter of equality for gay men and lesbians (including [[Social:Same-sex marriage|marriage rights]]), as well as abortion rights and birth control,<ref>O'Connor, Anne-Marie. [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-dec-26-et-rice26-story.html "Twists of faith"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803012736/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/26/entertainment/et-rice26 |date=August 3, 2010 }} ''Los Angeles Times'', December 26, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2022</ref> writing extensively on such issues.<ref>Examples from her blog at ''AnneRice.com'' include:
* "[http://www.annerice.com/msg090704.htm A Political Note]" (September 6, 2004) – [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125052202/http://www.annerice.com/msg090704.htm Archived] from the original on November 25, 2005
* "[http://www.annerice.com/fa_citizen_archive.htm Gay Marriage, John Kerry, and The Passion of the Christ]" (February 28, 2004) – [https://web.archive.org/web/20051129011309/http://www.annerice.com/fa_citizen_archive.htm Archived] from the original on November 25, 2005
* "[http://www.annerice.com/msgpol2.htm Politics Again: Kerry and Cheney's Daughter]" (October 16, 2004) – [https://web.archive.org/web/20051029171315/http://www.annerice.com/msgpol2.htm Archived] from the original on October 29, 2005</ref>

While promoting her book ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'' in October 2005, Rice announced in ''Newsweek'' that she would now use her life and talent of writing to glorify her belief in God, but she did not renounce her earlier works, citing a connection in her earlier work with the state of her spiritual life.<ref name="GatesNewsweek"/>

In the Author's Note from ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'', Rice states:

<blockquote>I had experienced an old-fashioned, strict Roman Catholic childhood in the 1940s and 1950s ... we attended daily Mass and Communion in an enormous and magnificently decorated church.... Stained-glass windows, the Latin Mass, the detailed answers to complex questions on good and evil—these things were imprinted on my soul forever....

I left this church at age 18.... I wanted to know what was happening, why so many seemingly good people didn't believe in any organized religion yet cared passionately about their behavior and value of their lives.... I broke with the church.... I wrote many novels without my being aware that they reflected my quest for meaning in a world without God.<ref>Rice, Anne (2008). ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt: A Novel'' (trade paperback) New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 323–325. {{ISBN|978-0-345-49273-9}}.</ref></blockquote>

In her memoir ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession'', Rice stated:

<blockquote>In the moment of surrender, I let go of all the theological or social questions which had kept me from [God] for countless years. I simply let them go. There was the sense, profound and wordless, that if He knew everything I did not have to know everything, and that, in seeking to know everything, I'd been, all of my life, missing the entire point. No social paradox, no historic disaster, no hideous record of injustice or misery should keep me from Him. No question of Scriptural integrity, no torment over the fate of this or that atheist or gay friend, no worry for those condemned and ostracized by my church or any other church should stand between me and Him. The reason? It was magnificently simple: He knew how or why everything happened; He knew the disposition of every single soul. He wasn't going to let anything happen by accident! Nobody was going to go to Hell by mistake.<ref>Rice, Anne (2005). ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 183. {{ISBN|978-0-307-26827-3}}.</ref></blockquote>

===Leaving New Orleans===
Rice announced that she had made plans to leave New Orleans on her website on January 18, 2004.<ref name=LeaveNewOrleans>{{cite web|url=http://www.annerice.com/feature.htm |title=Anne Rice announces she is leaving New Orleans, ''annerice.com,'' January 18, 2004 |access-date=April 13, 2004 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040413012039/http://www.annerice.com/feature.htm |archive-date=April 13, 2004 }}</ref> She cited living alone since the death of her husband and her son moving to California as the reasons for her move. Rice put the largest of her three homes up for sale on January 30, 2004, and moved to a gated community in Kenner, Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bergproperties.com/blog/author-anne-rice-sells-a-four-bedroom-house-she-owned-in-kenner-la-for-2265m/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724083747/http://www.bergproperties.com/blog/author-anne-rice-sells-a-four-bedroom-house-she-owned-in-kenner-la-for-2265m/ |url-status=dead |title=Author Anne Rice sells a four-bedroom house she owned in Kenner, LA for $2.265M|archive-date=July 24, 2011|website=BergProperties.com}}</ref> "Simplifying my life, not owning so much, that's the chief goal", said Rice. "I'll no longer be a citizen of New Orleans in the true sense."<ref name=LeaveNewOrleans/> She sold two New York City condominiums in March and April 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McMullen |first1=Troy |title=The Price-Rise Chronicles |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113348825363812013 |work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 13, 2021 |date=December 2, 2005}}</ref> After completing ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'', Rice left New Orleans in 2005 shortly before the events of Hurricane Katrina in August. None of her former New Orleans properties were flooded, and Rice remained a vocal advocate for the city and related relief projects.<ref>Rice, Anne (September 2005). [http://www.annerice.com/NewOrleans-HurricaneKatrina.html "Anne's New Orleans: Hurricane Katrina"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302213728/http://www.annerice.com/NewOrleans-HurricaneKatrina.html |date=March 2, 2010 }}. annerice.com.</ref><ref>Rice, Anne (September 4, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/opinion/04rice.html "Do You Know What It Means to Lose New Orleans?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522112713/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/opinion/04rice.html |date=May 22, 2015 }} ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}''.</ref>

===California===
After leaving New Orleans, Rice first settled in La Jolla, California, describing the weather there as "like heaven" in November 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html |title=The Gospel According to Anne |website=Newsweek|date=October 30, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126083305/http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html|archive-date=January 26, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|title=Anne Rice's rebirth|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=November 3, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119174839/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|archive-date=November 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> She left La Jolla less than a year after moving there, stating in January 2006 that the weather was too cold.<ref>Showley, Roger M. (January 11, 2006). [http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html "Author Rice puts her La Jolla home up for sale for $11.5 million"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510223513/http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html |date=May 10, 2012 }}. ''U-T San Diego''.</ref> She purchased a six-bedroom home in Rancho Mirage, California in late 2005 and moved there in 2006, allowing her to be closer to her son in Los Angeles.<ref name="MovingToCali">{{cite news|last=Beale|first=Lauren|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-12-la-hm-hotprop-rice-20100511-story.html|title=Anne Rice puts Rancho Mirage home on the market|newspaper=LA Times|date=May 12, 2010|access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref name="PEInterview">Dean, Jennifer (December 12, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091216071515/https://www.pe.com/localnews/rivcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_S_webrice.3a134da.html "Q&A with Anne Rice on 'Angel Time'"]. ''The Press-Enterprise''. Retrieved December 13, 2009.</ref>

Rice auctioned off her large collection of antique dolls<ref>{{youTube|id=Z4QXDxp1SGo|title=Anne Rice Doll Collection}}, ''annerice.com YouTube channel,'' November 22, 2008</ref> at Thierault's in Chicago on July 18, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|title="Celebrated Author Anne Rice Discusses Her Beloved Doll Collection And Its Sale," ''About.com''|author=Denise Van Patten|work=About|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606194305/http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|archive-date=June 6, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Rice also auctioned off her wardrobe, jewelry, household possessions and collectibles featured in her many books on [[Company:EBay|eBay]] starting in mid-2010 through early 2011.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|last=Kellogg|first=Carolyn|title=Going fast: Anne Rice's Ebay auction|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|work=Los Angeles Times Blog|publisher=Tribune Company|access-date=July 3, 2012|date=March 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210105806/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|archive-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> She sold a large portion of her library collection to Powell's Books.<ref name=PortlandBusiness>{{cite news|last=Giegerich|first=Andy|title=Powell's Books buys Anne Rice collection|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|access-date=July 1, 2012|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=October 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316234044/http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|archive-date=March 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Distancing from Christianity===
Rice publicly announced her disdain for the current state of Christianity on her Facebook page on July 28, 2010: 

<blockquote>Today I quit being a Christian.... I remain committed to Christ as always but not to being 'Christian' or to being part of Christianity. It's simply impossible for me to 'belong' to this quarrelsome, hostile, disputatious, and deservedly infamous group. For ten years, I've tried. I've failed. I'm an outsider. My conscience will allow nothing else.<ref name="PN">{{cite web|url=http://www.publishednow.net/2010/anne-rice-no-longer-christian/ |title=''Anne Rice no longer Christian'' on publishednow.net |access-date=August 2, 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802142634/http://www.publishednow.net/2010/anne-rice-no-longer-christian/ |archive-date=August 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=HuffPost1>{{cite news|last=Kunhardt|first=Jessie|title=Anne Rice: 'I Quit Being A Christian'|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anne-rice-i-quit-being-a_n_663915|work=HuffPost|access-date=February 28, 2022|date=July 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706170157/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/29/anne-rice-i-quit-being-a_n_663915.html|archive-date=July 6, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> 
</blockquote>

Shortly thereafter, she clarified her statement:
<blockquote>My faith in Christ is central to my life. My conversion from a pessimistic atheist lost in a world I didn't understand, to an optimistic believer in a universe created and sustained by a loving God is crucial to me. But following Christ does not mean following His followers. Christ is infinitely more important than Christianity and always will be, no matter what Christianity is, has been, or might become.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2010/07/30/anne-rice-leaves-christianity/?iref=NS1 |title="Anne Rice leaves Christianity"|website=CNN|access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801201059/http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2010/07/30/anne-rice-leaves-christianity/?iref=NS1 |archive-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
</blockquote>

Following her announcement, Rice's critique of Christianity was commented upon by numerous journalists and pundits.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news|title=Writer Anne Rice: 'Today I Quit Being A Christian'|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|work=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|access-date=July 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601084624/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|archive-date=June 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Grossman>{{cite news|last=Grossman|first=Cathy Lynn|title=Novelist Anne Rice ditches Christianity for Christ|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/Religion/post/2010/07/anne-rice-catholic-/1#.T--rvvWT4x4|work=USA Today|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=July 30, 2010|archive-date=January 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124235819/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/Religion/post/2010/07/anne-rice-catholic-/1#.T--rvvWT4x4|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the ''{{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}'', Rice elaborated on her view regarding being a member of a Christian church: "I feel much more morally comfortable walking away from organized religion. I respect that there are all kinds of denominations and all kinds of churches, but it's the entire controversy, the entire conversation that I need to walk away from right now."<ref name="ML">Mitchell Landsberg, [https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs-anne-rice-20100807,0,5152082.story "Anne Rice discusses her decision to quit Christianity."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811184701/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs-anne-rice-20100807,0,5152082.story |date=August 11, 2010 }} Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2010.</ref> In response to the question, "How do you follow Christ without a church?" Rice replied: "I think the basic ritual is simply prayer. It's talking to God, putting things in the hands of God, trusting that you're living in God's world and praying for God's guidance. And being absolutely faithful to the core principles of Jesus' teachings."<ref name="ML"/> Rice participated in the "I Am Second" project in 2010 with a short documentary about her spiritual journey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice - White Chair Film - I Am Second |url=https://www.iamsecond.com/film/anne-rice/ |website=IAmSecond.com |access-date=July 27, 2023 |date=March 24, 2010}}</ref> Rice stated that she was a secular humanist in a Facebook post on April 14, 2013.<ref name="Secular Humanist"/>  She said that Christ is still central to her life, but not in the way he is presented by organized religion, in a July 28, 2014, Facebook post.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|title=Writer Anne Rice: 'Today I Quit Being A Christian'|work=NPR.org|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221133916/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128930526|archive-date=February 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="billboard"/>

==Death==
Rice died from complications of a [[Medicine:Stroke|stroke]] at a hospital in Rancho Mirage, California on December 11, 2021, at the age of 80.<ref name=NYT-obituary /><ref name=Seattle-Times-obituary>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/anne-rice-author-of-gothic-novels-dead-at-80/|title = Anne Rice, author of gothic novels, dead at 80|agency=Associated Press|date = December 12, 2021 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> According to a statement from Rice's son Christopher Rice, the family planned to inter her at the family mausoleum at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans.<ref name=Seattle-Times-obituary /><ref name=NYT-obituary>{{cite news | last1=Peltier|first1=Elian| date=December 12, 2021| work={{wipe|The New York Times}}| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/books/anne-rice-dead.html | title= Anne Rice, Who Spun Gothic Tales of Vampires, Dies at 80 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=de los Reyes |first=Lisa |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/anne-rice-dead-author-interview-with-the-vampire-1235061422/ |title=Anne Rice, Author and Screenwriter of 'Interview With the Vampire,' Dies at 80 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=December 12, 2021 |access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |first=Christopher |last=Rice |user=chrisricewriter |number=1469920725771325444 |title=Earlier tonight, my mother, Anne Rice, passed away due to complications resulting from a stroke. She left us almost nineteen years to the day my father, her husband Stan, died. Below is a statement I posted to her Facebook page moments ago.}}</ref> 

Rice was laid to rest in January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=writer |first=DOUG MACCASH {{!}} Staff |title=Vampire novelist Anne Rice is laid to rest in New Orleans |url=https://www.nola.com/news/vampire-novelist-anne-rice-is-laid-to-rest-in-new-orleans/article_4562b0ce-7633-11ec-9ad8-37c9edcc6e6c.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=NOLA.com |date=January 15, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The Rice Family Mausoleum is also the burial site of Rice's husband Stan Rice and daughter Michele. One side of the tomb is stained glass, the other three sides are engraved with Stan Rice's poems from his books "False Prophet" and "Some Lamb". The mausoleum is open to the public during visiting hours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rice Family Mausoleum |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/rice-family-mausoleum |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

=== Novels ===

==== The Vampire Chronicles universe ====

''The Vampire Chronicles'' series:
# ''Interview with the Vampire'' (1976), {{ISBN|0-394-49821-6}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|editor-last=Clute|editor-first=John|editor2-last=Langford|editor2-first=David|editor2-link=David Langford|editor3-last=Sleight|editor3-first=Graham|editor3-link=Graham Sleight|title=Rice, Anne|url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/rice_anne|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]|edition=4th}}</ref>
# ''The Vampire Lestat'' (1985), {{ISBN|1-127-49040-0}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''The Queen of the Damned'' (1988), {{ISBN|978-0394558233}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''The Tale of the Body Thief'' (1992), {{ISBN|978-0-679-40528-3}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Memnoch the Devil'' (1995), {{ISBN|0-679-44101-8}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''The Vampire Armand'' (1998), {{ISBN|978-0-679-45447-2}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Merrick'' (2000) (*), {{ISBN|0-679-45448-9}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Blood and Gold'' (2001), {{ISBN|0-679-45449-7}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Blackwood Farm'' (2002) (*), {{ISBN|0-345-44368-3}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Blood Canticle'' (2003) (*), {{ISBN|0-375-41200-X}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Prince Lestat'' (2014), {{ISBN|978-0-307-96252-2}}<ref name=PrinceLestateReleaseDate>{{cite web|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=Anne Rice revives much-loved vampire for new novel Prince Lestat|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/11/anne-rice-vampire-prince-lestat-interview-with-the-vampire|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 26, 2014|date=March 11, 2014|quote=Prince Lestat, which will be published in October, and which Rice finished last year, will be a sequel to the first five Vampire Chronicles stories, she announced, and novel one of a new series.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181808/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/11/anne-rice-vampire-prince-lestat-interview-with-the-vampire|archive-date=April 16, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
# ''Prince Lestat and the Realms of Atlantis'' (2016), {{ISBN|978-038535379-3}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Blood Communion: A Tale of Prince Lestat'' (2018), {{ISBN|978-1524732646}}<ref name=":0" />

''New Tales of the Vampires'' series:
# ''Pandora'' (1998), {{ISBN|0-375-40159-8}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Anne Rice|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
# ''Vittorio the Vampire'' (1999), {{ISBN|0-375-40160-1}}<ref name=":2" />

''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' series:
# ''The Witching Hour'' (1990), {{ISBN|0-394-58786-3}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Lasher'' (1993), {{ISBN|0-679-41295-6}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Taltos'' (1994), {{ISBN|0-679-42573-X}}<ref name=":0" />

(*) ''Merrick'', ''Blackwood Farm'' and ''Blood Canticle'' are crossovers with the ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' series

==== Ramses the Damned ====
# ''The Mummy, or Ramses the Damned'' (1989), {{ISBN|0-345-36000-1}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Ramses the Damned: The Passion of Cleopatra'' (2017), with Christopher Rice, {{ISBN|978-1-101-97032-4}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne Rice, iconic author of gothic novels, dies at 80|url=https://www.today.com/news/ann-rice-iconic-author-gothic-novels-dies-80-t242933|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Today|date=December 12, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
# ''Ramses the Damned: The Reign of Osiris'' (2022), with Christopher Rice, {{ISBN|978-1524732646}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/531333/ramses-the-damned-the-reign-of-osiris-by-anne-rice-and-christopher-rice/|title=Ramses the Damned: The Reign of Osiris by Anne Rice, Christopher Rice: 9781101970331|website=Penguin RandomHouse|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809132501/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/531333/ramses-the-damned-the-reign-of-osiris-by-anne-rice-and-christopher-rice/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Christ the Lord ====
# ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'' (2005), {{ISBN|0-375-41201-8}}<ref name=":2" />
# ''Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana'' (2008), {{ISBN|067697807X}}<ref name=":2" />

==== Songs of the Seraphim ====
# ''Angel Time'' (2009), {{ISBN|978-1-4000-4353-8}}<ref name=":2" />
# ''Of Love and Evil'' (2010), {{ISBN|0-676-97809-6}}<ref name=":2" />

==== The Wolf Gift Chronicles ====
# ''The Wolf Gift'' (2012), {{ISBN|978-0-307-59511-9}}<ref name=":2" />
# ''The Wolves of Midwinter'' (2013), {{ISBN|978-0-385-34996-3}}<ref name=":2" />

==== The Sleeping Beauty Quartet (under the pseudonym A. N. Roquelaure) ====
# ''The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty'' (1983), {{ISBN|0-452-26656-4}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Beauty's Punishment'' (1984), {{ISBN|0-525-48458-2}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Beauty's Release'' (1985), {{ISBN|0-452-26663-7}}<ref name=":0" />
# ''Beauty's Kingdom'' (2015), {{ISBN|978-0-525-42799-5}}<ref name=":0" />

==== Stand-alones ====
* ''The Feast of All Saints'' (1979), {{ISBN|978-0671247553}}<ref name=":2" />
* ''Cry to Heaven'' (1982), {{ISBN|978-0-385-12167-5}}<ref name=":2" />
* ''Servant of the Bones'' (1996), {{ISBN|978-0676970036}}<ref name=":2" />
* ''Violin'' (1997), {{ISBN|0-679-43302-3}}<ref name=":2" />

===== Under the pseudonym Anne Rampling =====
* ''Exit to Eden'' (1985), {{ISBN|0-87795-609-X}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rampling |first1=Anne |title=Exit to Eden |date=1985 |publisher=Arbor House |location=New York |isbn=978-0-87795-609-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=985xmwEACAAJ |access-date=February 25, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Belinda'' (1986), {{ISBN|0-87795-826-2}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Anne |title=Belinda |date=1986 |publisher=Arbor House |location=New York |isbn=978-0-87795-826-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz0gAQAAIAAJ |access-date=February 25, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Short stories===
* "October 4, 1948", ''Transfer'' 19, 1965. Reprinted in ''The Anne Rice Reader'', Katherine Ramsland, ed., 1997<ref name="AnneRiceReader">{{cite book |last1=Ramsland |first1=Katherine |title=The Anne Rice Reader |date=1997 |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |isbn=9780345402677 |edition=1st}}</ref>
* "Nicholas and Jean", ''Transfer'' 21, June 1966. Reprinted in ''The Anne Rice Reader'', Katherine Ramsland, ed., 1997<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramsland |first1=Katherine M. |last2=Rice |first2=Anne |title=The Roquelaure Reader: A Companion to Anne Rice's Erotica |date=1996 |publisher=Plume |location=New York |isbn=9780452275102 |page=243}}</ref><ref name="AnneRiceReader"/>
* "The Art of the Vampire at Its Peak in the Year 1876, or, Armand's Lesson" (''Playboy'', January 1979)<ref name=1979Playboy>{{cite web|title=Playboy Magazine January 1979 vol. 26|number=1|url=http://www.vintageplayboymags.co.uk/70s/Jan/09.htm|work=25th Anniversary Issue|publisher=Vintage Playboy Mags|access-date=April 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232231/http://www.vintageplayboymags.co.uk/70s/Jan/09.htm|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> 
* "The Master of Rampling Gate", ''Redbook'', February 1984<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guran |first1=Paula |editor1-last=Joshi |editor1-first=S. T. |title=Encyclopedia of the Vampire: The Living Dead in Myth, Legend, and Popular Culture |page= 258|date=2011 |publisher=Greenwood |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=9780313378348}}</ref>

===Non-fiction===
* ''Called Out of Darkness: A Spiritual Confession'' (2008), {{ISBN|0307388484}},<ref name=":2" /> autobiography

==Adaptations==
===Film===
In 1994, Neil Jordan directed a motion picture adaptation of ''Interview with the Vampire'', based on Rice's own screenplay. The movie starred Tom Cruise as Lestat, Brad Pitt as the guilt-ridden Louis, and a young Kirsten Dunst in her breakout role as the deceitful child vampire Claudia.<ref>{{Citation|title=Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994)|date = November 11, 1994|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129112855/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|archive-date=November 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

A second film adaptation, ''Queen of the Damned,'' was released in February 2002, starring Stuart Townsend as the vampire Lestat and singer Aaliyah as Akasha.<ref>{{Citation|title=Queen of the Damned (2002)|date=February 22, 2002|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-date=December 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230144719/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|url-status=live}}</ref> The movie combined plot points from both the novel ''The Queen of the Damned'', as well as from ''The Vampire Lestat''. Produced on a budget of $35&nbsp;million, the film recouped only $30&nbsp;million at the U.S. box office. On her Facebook page, Rice distanced herself from the film, and stated that she feels the filmmakers "mutilated" her work in adapting the novel.<ref>Rice, Anne: [https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf Wall – Just Fans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720191115/https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf |date=July 20, 2014 }}, Facebook</ref>

The 1994 film ''Exit to Eden,'' based loosely on the book Rice published as Anne Rampling, stars Rosie O'Donnell and [[Biography:Dan Aykroyd|Dan Aykroyd]]. The work was transformed from a BDSM-themed love story into a police comedy, and was widely considered a box-office failure, receiving near-universal negative reviews.<ref name="Exit Rotten">{{cite web|title=Exit to Eden (1994)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Flixster, Inc.|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415182916/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

A film adaptation of ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'' was reported to be in the early stages of development in February 2012. It was reported that Chris Columbus had signed on to produce, and that Cyrus Nowrasteh had already completed the script.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herr |first=Claudia |url=http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |title=Christ the Lord Coming to Theaters, with Anne Rice's Blessing |date=January 19, 2012 |work=Wordandfilm.com |publisher=Word & Film |access-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015355/http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> On November 8, 2014, during an interview with her long-time editor, Victoria Wilson, at the Chicago Humanities Festival, Rice revealed that filming had finished on the movie and was going into post-production.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|work=YouTube|title=Anne Rice: Vampire Chronicler|access-date=December 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515005546/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|archive-date=May 15, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, titled ''The Young Messiah'', was released in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|title=Film Review: 'The Young Messiah'|work=Variety|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212202754/https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|archive-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2014, Universal Pictures had acquired the rights to Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|title=Anne Rice's 'Vampire Chronicles' Takes Flight at Universal|work=Variety|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115164443/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|archive-date=November 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in November 2016, when Universal Pictures did not renew the contract, the film and television rights reverted to Rice, who began developing ''The Vampire Chronicles'' into a television series with her son, Christopher.<ref name="Rice">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |title=Anne Rice statement on her Official Facebook Fan Page |last=Rice |first=Anne |website=Facebook |date=November 27, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202225201/https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|title=Anne Rice Is Bringing Her Vampire Chronicles to Television|publisher=Vanity Fair|date=November 27, 2016|access-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201113054/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Television===
In 1997, Rice wrote the story for a television pilot entitled ''Rag and Bone'', featuring elements of both horror and crime fiction. Screenwriter James D. Parriott penned the screenplay, and the pilot ultimately aired on CBS, starring Dean Cain and Robert Patrick.<ref name=Radiotimes>{{cite web|last=Parkinson|first=David|title=Rag and Bone|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-8jq8na/rag-and-bone/|work=Radio Times |access-date=February 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522100834/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jjx29/rag-and-bone|archive-date=May 22, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Feast of All Saints'' was made into a Showtime original miniseries in 2001, directed by Peter Medak and starring James Earl Jones and Gloria Reuben.<ref name="MSN.com">{{cite web|title=The Feast of All Saints: Overview|url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|work=MSN.com|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208045258/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|archive-date=February 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|title=Review: 'Anne Rice's The Feast of All Saints'|last=Fries|first=Laura|date=November 8, 2001|work=Variety|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803174035/http://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|archive-date=August 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2002, NBC had plans to adapt Rice's ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' trilogy into a miniseries, but the project never entered production.<ref name=Mania>{{cite web|last=Smith |first=Christopher Allan |title=NBC planning huge Anne Rice MAYFAIR series |url=http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |publisher=Mania |date= May 13, 2002|access-date=June 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130230626/http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |archive-date=November 30, 2012 }}</ref>

''Earth Angels'' was a presentation pilot written by Rice, produced by Imagine Television and 20th Century Fox Television, and picked up by NBC. Set in New York City, it followed angels in human form battling against evil.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite magazine|last=Snierson |first=Dan |title=On the Air|url=https://ew.com/article/2001/01/12/air-21/ |magazine= Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 12, 2021 |date=January 12, 2001}}
*{{cite web|last=Adalian |first=Josef |title=Dances with Wolf|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/news/dances-with-wolf-1117793125/ |work= Variety|access-date=December 12, 2021 |date=February 1, 2001}}</ref> Four parts of Anne Rice's story treatment for the series were published in 1999 as a bonus in the comic book series called ''Anne Rice's Tale of the Body Thief''.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #1 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233354/ |website=Grand Comics Database |access-date=December 13, 2021}}
*{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #2 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/62975/ |website=Grand Comics Database |access-date=December 13, 2021}}
*{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #3 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233356/ |website=Grand Comics Database |access-date=December 13, 2021}}
*{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #4 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233357/|website=Grand Comics Database |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>

In November 2016, Rice announced on Facebook that the rights to her novels had reverted to her despite earlier plans for other adaptations. Rice said that she and her son, author Christopher Rice, would be developing and executive producing a potential television series based on the novels.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|title=Anne Rice Plotting ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series Adaptation|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 4, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129111912/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2017, they teamed up with Paramount Television and Anonymous Content to develop a series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|website=Variety|first=Joe|last=Otterson|title=''Vampire Chronicles'' Series in Development at Paramount TV, Anonymous Content|date=April 28, 2017|access-date=April 28, 2017|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428195344/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of early 2018, Bryan Fuller was involved with the creation of a potential TV series based on the novels.<ref name="Brockington">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|title=Bryan Fuller Joins ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series|first=Ariana|last=Brockington|date=January 12, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2018|website=Variety|archive-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526070251/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 17, 2018, it was announced that the series was in development at streaming service [[Software:Hulu|Hulu]] and that Fuller had departed the production.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' In The Works At Hulu |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=July 17, 2018 |date=July 17, 2018 |archive-date=July 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717171955/https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2019, Hulu's rights had expired and Rice was shopping a package including all film and TV rights to the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' No Longer at Hulu; Is Being Shopped Elsewhere|first1=Michael|last1=Schneider|website=Variety|date=December 20, 2019|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308110638/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, it was announced that AMC had acquired the rights to ''The Vampire Chronicles'' and ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' for developing film and television projects.<ref name="AMC 2020-05">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|title=Anne Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'', ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' Rights Land at AMC|first=Joe|last=Otterson|website=Variety|date=May 13, 2020|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625022750/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne and Christopher Rice were to serve as executive producers on any projects developed.<ref name="AMC 2020-05"/>
* ''Interview with the Vampire'' (2022), series created by Rolin Jones, based on novel ''Interview with the Vampire''
* ''Mayfair Witches'' (2023), series created by Michelle Ashford and Esta Spalding, based on series of novels ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches''

===Theatre===
On April 25, 2006, the musical ''Lestat'', based on Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'' books, opened at the Palace Theatre on Broadway after having its world premiere and preview run at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco, California, in December 2005. With music by [[Biography:Elton John|Elton John]] and lyrics by Bernie Taupin, it was the inaugural production of the newly established Warner Brothers Theatre Ventures. Despite Rice's own overwhelming approval and praise,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|title=Lestat on Broadway on annerice.com|access-date=January 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716184926/http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|archive-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the show received disappointing attendance and largely negative reviews from critics.<ref name=LestatBBC>{{cite news|last=Brook|first=Tom|title=Disappointing start for Elton musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|archive-date=May 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LestatBBC2>{{cite news|title=Critics lay into Elton's musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Lestat'' closed a month later on May 28, 2006, after just 33 previews and 39 regular performances. The release of the cast recording of the show is reportedly on hold indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web|title=No Plans for Release of Lestat Original Cast Recording|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/No-Plans-for-Release-of-Lestat-Original-Cast-Recording-20060802|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001181417/http://broadwayworld.com/article/No_Plans_for_Release_of_Lestat_Original_Cast_Recording_20060802|archive-date=October 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Comics and manga===
Several of Anne Rice's novels have been adapted into comic books and manga. Adaptations include:
* ''Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat'' #1–12 by Innovation Comics (1990–1991),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide |date=1993 |publisher=Avon Books |location=New York |isbn=9780380772209 |page=431 |edition=23rd}}</ref> compiled into one volume by Ballantine Books (1991)<ref>{{cite web |title=Books, Listed by Author |url=http://www.locusmag.com/index/b395.htm |work=Locus |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Mummy or Ramses the Damned'' #1–12 by Millennium Publications (1990–1992)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
* ''Anne Rice's The Queen of the Damned'' #1–11 (#12 was never published) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead |date=2011 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |location=Detroit |isbn=9781578593484 |page=575 |edition=3rd}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Master of Rampling Gate'' (one-shot) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Overstreet2015">{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide |date=2015 |location=Timonium, MD |isbn=9781603601757 |page=429 |edition=45th (2015-2016)}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Vampire Companion'' #1–3 by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton"/>
* ''Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire'' #1–12 by Innovation Comics (1991–1994)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
* ''Anne Rice's The Witching Hour'' #1–13 by Millennium Publications (1992–1993),<ref name="Overstreet2015"/> #1–3 compiled into ''Anne Rice's The Witching Hour: The Beginning'' by Millennium Publications (1994)<ref>{{cite book |title=Anne Rice's The Witching Hour: The Beginning|date=1994 |publisher=Millennium Publications|oclc=39333135}}</ref>
* ''{{jp|Yoake No Vampire|夜明けのヴァンパイア}}'' by Animage (1995)<ref>{{cite book |title=Mangaka, anime sakka jinmei jiten|trans-title= Writers of comics in Japan|date=1997 |publisher=Nichigai Asoshiet̄su |location=Tokyo |isbn=9784816914232 |page=202|language=Japanese|oclc=37468558}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief'' #1–4 (numbers 5–12 were never published) by Sicilian Dragon (1999), completed in one volume by Sicilian Dragon (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief |url=https://www.comics.org/series/6254/ |website=Grand Comics Database |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Anne |last2=Perozich |first2=Faye |title=Anne Rice's Tale of the Body Thief: A Graphic Novel |date=2000 |publisher=Titan Books |location=London |isbn=9781840232462|oclc=44736360}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's Servant of the Bones'' #1–6 by IDW Publishing (2011), compiled into one volume by IDW (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/1676/|title=New Adaptation of Servant of the Bones Coming in August|publisher=IDW Publishing|date=April 1, 2011|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=May 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502114547/https://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/1676/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/2308/|title=IDW's New Print & Digital Books This Week!|publisher=IDW Publishing|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=May 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513053120/http://www.idwpublishing.com/news/article/2308/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story'' by Yen Press (2012)<ref name="ClaudiasStoryRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|title=Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story|publisher=Yen Press|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200549/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel'' by Yen Press (2014)<ref name="WolfGiftRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|title=The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel|publisher=Yen Press|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200642/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fan fiction===
Rice initially expressed an adamant stance against fan fiction based on her works, and particularly in opposition to such fiction based on ''The Vampire Chronicles'', releasing a statement in 2000 that disallowed all such efforts, citing [[Copyright|copyright]] issues.<ref name=fanfic>{{cite web|last=Rice |first=Anne |title=Important Message from Anne on "Fan Fiction" |url=http://www.annerice.com/ |publisher=Kith and Kin, LLC. |access-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602212951/http://annerice.com/ |archive-date=June 2, 2012 }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=February 2022}} She subsequently requested that FanFiction.Net remove stories featuring her characters.<ref name="Pauli">{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Pauli|title=Working the web: Fan fiction|newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}}|date=December 5, 2002|access-date=July 22, 2011|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217091813/http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|archive-date=February 17, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, ''Metro'' reported that Rice developed a milder stance on the issue. "I got upset about 20 years ago because I thought it would block me," she said. "However, it's been very easy to avoid reading any, so live and let live. If I were a young writer, I'd want to own my own ideas. But maybe fan fiction is a transitional phase: whatever gets you there, gets you there."<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|title=How fan fiction is conquering the internet and shooting up book charts|newspaper=Metro|date=November 11, 2012|access-date=April 14, 2013|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116110844/http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-date=November 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* List of bestselling novels in the United States
* List of best-selling fiction authors

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General references ===
* {{Cite book|last=Cardin|first=Matt|date=2015|title=Mummies Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Mummies in History, Religion and Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWJhBQAAQBAJ&q=lot+249&pg=PA291|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=[[Company:ABC-CLIO|ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-61069-419-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramsland |first=Katherine |date=1991 |title=Prism of the Night: A Biography of Anne Rice |publisher=Dutton Penguin |location=New York |isbn=0525933700 |ref=ID |url=https://archive.org/details/prismofnightbi00rams }}
* {{cite book|last=Day|first=William Patrick|title=Vampire Legends in Contemporary American Culture: What Becomes a Legend Most|date=2002|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|location=Lexington|isbn=0813122422}}

==External links==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooks=yes|viaf=111989334}}
* {{IMDb name|0723351}}
* {{isfdb name|id=103|name=Anne Rice}}
* {{OL author}}
* {{IBList|type=author|id=29|name=Anne Rice}}
* {{LCAuth|n79068491|Anne Rice|59}} (as Anne Rice; see also linked pseudonyms)
* [https://lccn.loc.gov/n86121823 Anne Rampling] at LC Authorities, with 1 record, and [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n86-121823 at WorldCat]
* [https://lccn.loc.gov/n82114065 A. N. Roquelaure] at LC Authorities, with 1 record, and [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82-114065 at WorldCat]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rice, Anne}}
[[Category:Existentialists]]
[[Category:Secular humanists]]

{{Sourceattribution|Anne Rice}}