View source for Biography:Erich Leo Lehmann

{{Short description|American statistician (1917–2009)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Erich Lehmann
| image             = E L Lehmann.jpg
| image_size        = <!-- 210px -->
| caption           = <!--(not needed as image is straightforward portrait)-->
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1917|11|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = Strasbourg, [[Place:Alsace–Lorraine|Alsace–Lorraine]], [[Place:German Empire|German Empire]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|2009|9|12|1917|11|20|df=yes}}
| death_place       =
| nationality       = {{wipe|United States}}
| fields            = [[Statistics]]
| workplaces        = [[Organization:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]
| alma_mater        = [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] - [[Organization:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Biography:Jerzy Neyman|Jerzy Neyman]]
| doctoral_students = [[Biography:Peter J. Bickel|Peter J. Bickel]] <br /> [[Biography:Allan Birnbaum|Allan Birnbaum]] <br /> David Draper <br/> Madan Lal Puri<br>Frank Hampel
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = ''Testing Statistical Hypotheses'' <br /> [[Completeness (statistics)]] <br /> [[Lehmann–Scheffé theorem]] <br /> [[Hodges–Lehmann estimator]] <br /> nonparametric tests
| awards            = President of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics<br /> Fellow of the American Statistical Association <br /> American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> National Academy of Sciences.
| religion          = 
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
| footnotes         =  
}}

'''Erich Leo Lehmann''' (20 November 1917 – 12 September 2009) was a German-born American [[Statistician|statistician]], who made a major contribution to nonparametric hypothesis testing.<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news
 |title=Erich L. Lehmann – Berkeley professor – dies
 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle
 |author=Nanette Asimov
 |date=October 16, 2009
 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/15/BAJP1A535I.DTL&type=science
 |access-date=2009-12-12
}}</ref> He is one of the eponyms of the [[Lehmann–Scheffé theorem]] and of the [[Hodges–Lehmann estimator]] of the [[Median|median]] of a population.

==Early life==
Lehmann was born in Strasbourg, [[Place:Alsace-Lorraine|Alsace-Lorraine]] in 1917 to a family of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. He grew up in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, until the Machtergreifung in 1933 his family fled to {{wipe|Switzerland}} to escape the Nazis.<ref name="chronicle" /> He graduated from high school in Zurich, and studied mathematics for two years at Trinity College, Cambridge. Following that, he emigrated to the United States, arriving in New York in late 1940. He enrolled in [[Organization:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]] as a post-graduate student—albeit without a prior degree—in 1941.<ref name="rojo">
{{cite journal
 |last=Rojo|first=E.L.
 |title=Erich Leo Lehmann—A Glimpse into his Life and Work
 |journal= The Annals of Statistics
 |volume=39 |issue=5 |year=2011 |pages=2244–2265
 |doi=10.1214/11-AOS927
|arxiv=1202.5096|s2cid=88512438
 }}</ref>

==Career==
Lehmann obtained his MA in mathematics in 1942 and his PhD (under [[Biography:Jerzy Neyman|Jerzy Neyman]]) in 1946, at the [[Organization:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]], where he taught from 1942.<ref name="rojo"/> From August 1944 to August 1945 he worked as an operations analyst for the {{wipe|United States Air Force}} on Guam.<ref name="rojo"/>  He taught at [[Organization:Columbia University|Columbia University]] and at [[Organization:Princeton University|Princeton University]] during 1950–51, and then during 1951–1952 he was a visiting associate professor at [[Organization:Stanford University|Stanford University]].

He was an editor of the ''[[Annals of Mathematical Statistics]]'' and president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences.

In 1977 he married another statistician, [[Biography:Juliet Popper Shaffer|Juliet Popper Shaffer]], whom he had met four years earlier as the sponsor to her sabbatical visit to Berkeley. In the same year, Shaffer moved from being a psychology professor at the [[Organization:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] to a lecturer position in statistics at Berkeley.<ref>{{citation
 | contribution = 59. Juliet P. Shaffer (b. 1932)
 | doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-71597-1_13
 | isbn = 978-0-387-71596-4
 | location = New York
 | mr = 2367933
 | pages = 212–216
 | publisher = Springer
 | title = Reminiscences of a statistician
 | year = 2008}}</ref>

In 1997, on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the department of statistics at the University of California at Berkeley created the Erich Lehmann Fund in Statistics<ref>[http://statistics.berkeley.edu/erich-lehmann-fund-statistics Erich Lehmann Fund in Statistics]</ref> to support the students of the department.

==Selected publications==

===Books===
* ''Testing Statistical Hypotheses'', 1959
* ''Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics'', 1964, co-author  J. L. Hodges
* ''Elements of Finite Probability'', 1965, co-author  J. L. Hodges
* {{cite book| last1=Lehmann|first1=Erich L. |title=Nonparametrics: Statistical methods based on ranks|last2=With the special assistance of H. J. M. D'Abrera|edition=Reprinting of 1988 revision of 1975 Holden-Day | publisher=Springer | location=New York|year=2006|pages=xvi+463|isbn=978-0-387-35212-1| mr=2279708}}
* ''Theory of Point Estimation'', 1983
* {{cite book |title=Elements of Large-Sample Theory |last=Lehmann |first=Erich L. |year=1998 |publisher=Springer Verlag |location=New York |isbn=978-0-387-98595-4 }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=W0U57b3QG18C&pg=PR2 ''Reminiscences of a Statistician''], 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-387-71596-4}}
* ''Fisher, Neyman, and the Creation of Classical Statistics'', 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4419-9499-8}} [published posthumously]

===Articles===
* {{cite journal
 |title=Completeness, similar regions, and unbiased estimation. I.
 |journal= Sankhyā: the Indian Journal of Statistics
 |volume=10 |issue=4 |year=1950 |pages=305–340
 |mr=39201 | jstor = 25048038 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-1412-4_23
|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal
 |title=Completeness, similar regions, and unbiased estimation. II
 |journal= Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics
 |volume=15 |issue=3 |year=1955 |pages=219–236
 |mr=72410 | jstor = 25048243 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-1412-4_24
|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1214/aoms/1177728261|last1=Hodges|first1=J. L.|last2=Lehmann| first2=E. L. | year=1956| url=http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.aoms/1177728261 | title=The efficiency of some nonparametric competitors of the t-test|journal=Annals of Mathematical Statistics|volume=27|pages=324–335|issue=2|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1214/aoms/1177704172|last1=Hodges|first1=J. L.|last2=Lehmann| first2=E. L. | year=1963| title=Estimation of location based on ranks|journal=Annals of Mathematical Statistics|volume=34|pages=598–611|issue=2|doi-access=free}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite journal 
| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2010.00645_1.x 
| title = Erich Leo Lehmann, 1917-2009 
| year = 2010 
| journal = Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 
| volume = 173 
| issue = 3 
| pages = 683–686 | first = D. R.
|last = Brillinger
| doi-access = free 
}}

==External links==
* {{MathGenealogy |title=Erich Leo Lehmann |id=12693}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lehmann, Erich Leo}}
[[Category:American statisticians]]

{{Sourceattribution|Erich Leo Lehmann}}