View source for Biography:Francis Perrin

[[File:Perrin,Francis 1934 London.jpg|thumb|Francis Perrin, London 1934]]
'''Francis Perrin''' (17 August 1901 – 4 July 1992) was a {{wipe|France}} [[Physicist|physicist]],<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Perrin, Francis 17011992
| author = Dautray R. 
| journal = Physics World
| volume = 5
| issue = 10
| year = 1992
| pages = 50}}</ref>
the son of Nobel prize-winning physicist Jean Perrin.

== Physicist ==
Francis Perrin was born in [[Place:Paris|Paris]] and attended École Normale Supérieure in Paris. In 1928 he obtained a doctorate in mathematical sciences from the faculté des sciences of Paris, based upon a thesis on [[Brownian motion]]<ref>{{citation|title=Thèse de Francis Perrin: Etude mathématique du mouvement Brownien de rotation|url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00278195/fr/|date=1928-02-27|publisher=Université de Paris|type=phdthesis|last1=Perrin|first1=Francis}}</ref> and became a faculty member of Collège de France. In 1933, in connection with the [[Physics:Neutrino|neutrino]], Francis Perrin estimated that "the mass must be null—or at least small compared to the mass of the [[Physics:Electron|electron]]". Subsequently he worked at the Collège de France on the fission of [[Chemistry:Uranium|uranium]]. With Frédéric Joliot and his group, he established in 1939 the possibility of nuclear chain reactions and nuclear energy production.<ref>{{cite journal| title = Calcul relatif aux conditions eventuelles de transmutation en chaine de l'uranium| author = Perrin F.
| journal = Comptes Rendus| volume = 208 | year = 1939 | pages = 1394–6}}</ref>

He was professor at the Collège de France in the chair of Atomic and Molecular Physics from 1946 to 1972. He was the French high-commissioner for atomic energy from 1951 to 1970. In 1972, he discovered the [[Physics:Natural nuclear fission reactor|Oklo natural reactor]].

Perrin actively supported the project for a European nuclear research centre, and was a signatory for France to the Convention establishing the [[Organization:CERN|CERN]] Provisional Council in February 1952 in [[Place:Geneva|Geneva]]. He was elected Vice-President of this Council, and remained French delegate on the CERN Council until 1972.<ref name="cdfBio">{{cite web|url=http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/francis-perrin/index.htm|title=Francis Perrin - Chaire de Physique atomique et moléculaire (1946-1972)|publisher=Collège de France|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref name="Gesch">{{cite book|last=Krause|first=Michael|title=Wo Menschen und Teilchen aufeinanderstoßen|publisher=Wiley-VCH|date=2013|pages=1–63|language=de|url=https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527333983_c01.pdf|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>

== Nuclear High-Commissioner ==
Named High-Commissioner of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (Atomic Energy Commission, CEA) in 1951—to replace [[Biography:Frédéric Joliot-Curie|Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] dismissed because he was opposed to military research—, Francis Perrin joined a lobby of about a dozen people, composed of politicians like Chaban-Delmas, Bourguès-Maunoury and Félix Gaillard, of military officers, like the generals Ailleret, Gallois, and Crépin, of technocrats like Pierre Guillaumat and Raoul Dautry or of scientists like [[Biography:Yves Rocard|Yves Rocard]] and [[Biography:Bertrand Goldschmidt|Bertrand Goldschmidt]], who revealed themselves to  be extremely effective. This lobby imposed on successive governments of the Fourth Republic an intensive research program to permit France to deploy nuclear weapons without any real political control from outside France. Secret departments were made up within the CEA to implement this policy as of 1954. General Charles de Gaulle was informed of the work during his "Crossing of the Desert" (1953/58), in particular by Chaban-Delmas. When de Gaulle returned to power in 1958, the progress of the work was such that the date of the first nuclear test was already fixed at 1960.

In 1986 he stated publicly that in 1949 Israeli scientists were invited to the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, this cooperation leading to a joint effort including sharing of knowledge between French and Israeli scientists especially those with knowledge from the [[Physics:Manhattan Project|Manhattan Project]].<ref>https://fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/nuke/farr.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/israel/nuke.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429192508/http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/israel/nuke.html |archive-date=2015-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.wrmea.org/wrmea-archives/95-washington-report-archives-1982-1987/december-1986/694-israels-nuclear-arsenal.html |title = Mohammed Omer Wins Norwegian PEN Prize}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Francis Perrin married Colette Auger, the sister of the physicist [[Biography:Pierre Victor Auger|Pierre Auger]]. Francis Perrin was the president of Union des Athées (Union of Atheists) after his resignation from the French atomic energy commission.

== Works ==
{{refbegin}}
* ''Etude mathématique du mouvement brownien de rotation'' (thèse de doctorat) (1928)/''A mathematical study of rotation brownian motion''
* ''La Fluorescence des solutions, induction moléculaire, polarisation et durée d'émission, photochimie'' (1929)/''Solutions fluorescence, molecular induction, polarisation and emission duration, photochemistry''
* ''Fluorescence'' (1931)/''Fluorescence''
* ''La dynamique relativiste et l'inertie de l'énergie'' (1932)/''Relativistic dynamics and energy inertia''
* ''Théorie quantique des transferts d'activation entre molécules de même espèce. Cas des solutions fluorescentes'' (1932)/''Quantum theory of activation transfer between molecules of same species, the case of fluorescent solutions''
* ''Calcul relatif aux conditions eventuelles de transmutation en chaine de l’uranium'' (1939)/''Calculation relative to eventual conditions of chain transmutation of uranium'' 
* ''Traité du calcul des probabilités et de ses applications'', avec Émile Borel (1939)/''Work on probability calculation and its applications'', with [[Biography:Émile Borel|Émile Borel]]
* ''Valeurs internationales des sections efficaces des isotopes fissiles pour les neutrons thermiques'' (1955)/''International values of cross sections of fissil isotopes for thermic neutrons''
* ''L'Euratom'' (1956)/''Euratom''
* ''Funérailles nationales de Frédéric Joliot'' (1958)/''National obituary of Frederic Joliot''
* ''Leçon terminale, Chaire de physique atomique et moléculaire'' (1972)/''Terminal lesson, atomic and molecular physics pulpit''
* ''Écrits de Francis Perrin'' (1998)/''Writings of Francis Perrin''
{{refend}}

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
*[http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Perrin,+Francis Annotated Bibliography for Francis Perrin from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927140844/http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/ins_dis/p1083754779848.htm Biographie sur le site du Collège de France] {{in lang|fr}}


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[[Category:French physicists]]

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