View source for Biography:Jan Deckers

{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Jan Deckers
| image         = 
| occupation    = Moral philosopher
| employer           = [[Organization:Newcastle University|Newcastle University]]
}}

'''Jan Deckers''' (born 1970) works in [[Philosophy:Bioethics|bioethics]] at [[Organization:Newcastle University|Newcastle University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medicine/people/profile/jandeckers.html|title=Staff Profile - School of Medicine - Newcastle University}}</ref> His work revolves mainly around three topics: [[Philosophy:Animal ethics|animal ethics]], reproductive ethics and embryo research, and ethics of genetics.

== Animal ethics ==

Deckers has published numerous articles in animal ethics, mainly on the ethical issues associated with the human consumption of animal products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=hXCTsB8AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra|title=Jan Deckers}}</ref> This topic has been approached from various angles, including its connections with the causation of harm to animals, environmental degradation, [[Earth:Climate change|climate change]], and the emergence and spread of zoonoses. Early work also considered the relevance of the philosophy of [[Biography:Alfred North Whitehead|Alfred North Whitehead]] for animal ethics, where Deckers's work has been reviewed critically by other Whiteheadian scholars.<ref>McDaniel J. A response to Deckers. Journal of Animal Ethics 2011, 1(1) 93–95; Dombrowski D. A response to Deckers. Journal of Animal Ethics 2011, 1(2), 210–14.</ref> More recent work has also considered the ethics of [[Biology:Cultured meat|in-vitro flesh]] and the idea of creating animals with decreased pain sensitivity, where Deckers chaired a conference on these themes, funded by the Wellcome Trust.<ref>The audio-visual recordings and powerpoint slides of this conference can be found here: [http://interactive.ncl.ac.uk/case/195/1/7/view/]</ref>

As a speciesist, Deckers argues that human health is paramount to address whether and when animal products ought to be consumed. The book [[Biology:Animal (De)liberation|''Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?'']] defends 'qualified moral [[Philosophy:Veganism|veganism]]', which is associated with a political goal: the vegan project.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deckers |first=Jan |title=Animal (De)liberation |date=2016-07-28 |publisher=Ubiquity Press |isbn=978-1-909188-86-0 |language=en |doi=10.5334/bay |pmid=27929630 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The book is critical of positions adopted by other scholars, including [[Biography:Alasdair Cochrane|Alasdair Cochrane]], Gary Francione, [[Biography:Martha Nussbaum|Martha Nussbaum]], and [[Biography:Peter Singer|Peter Singer]], and has more in common with the positions of scholars such as [[Biography:Alice Crary|Alice Crary]], Melanie Joy, and Marti Kheel.

Many charges have been pressed against vegan diets, for example that they alienate human beings from nature (Michael Pollan) or that they increase human food security and other sustainability concerns relative to other diets (Simon Fairlie).<ref>Fairlie S. Meat: A Benign Extravagance, East Meon: Permanent Publications, 2010.</ref> Deckers addresses these challenges. The book’s appendix also considers whether vegan diets might be nutritionally adequate or even superior compared to other diets.

The book has been described as ‘an innovative defense of veganism’ because of its concern with maximising positive global health impacts, and its primary focus on safeguarding the health of moral agents.<ref>Mancilla, A. Veganism. In: P. Thompson and D. Kaplan (eds.). Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Dordrecht: Springer; 2016:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_578-1</ref>

== Reproductive ethics and embryo research ==

Deckers has analysed debate in Westminster Parliament around the use of embryos for stem cell research and [[Biology:Cloning|cloning]] as well as the law on abortion in Great Britain, and argued for legal reform.<ref>Deckers, J. An Analysis of the Arguments Underpinning UK Embryonic Stem Cell Legislation on the Embryo's Status. Journal of Stem Cells 2007, 2(1), 47–62. https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=31766;
Reprinted also here:  https://books.google.com/books?id=uFliNQuyeokC&pg=PA59
</ref>
In the debate on abortion, Deckers has engaged with [[Biography:Judith Jarvis Thomson|Judith Jarvis Thomson]]'s thought experiment of the [[Philosophy:Violinist (thought experiment)|violinist]]. In an article with the title 'The right to life and abortion legislation in England and Wales: A proposal for change’, Deckers argues for a radical overhaul of the law on abortion in England and Wales.<ref>Deckers J. The right to life and abortion legislation in England and Wales: A proposal for change. Diametros 2010, 26, 1–22. URL:[https://diametros.uj.edu.pl/diametros/article/view/412/1205].</ref> His work in this area has been the subject of significant academic critique.<ref>See e.g. Eberl, J. T. (2007). A Thomistic perspective on the beginning of personhood: redux. Bioethics, 21(5), 283–289.</ref>

== Ethics of genetics ==

In his article ‘Are scientists right and non-scientists wrong? Reflections on discussions of GM’ Deckers analyses the views of scientists and non-scientists on [[Biology:Genetic engineering|genetic engineering]].<ref>Deckers J. Are scientists right and non-scientists wrong? Reflections on discussions of GM. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2005, 18(5), 451–478. doi: 10.1007/s10806-005-0902-1(author's version at [http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=70417].</ref> In a comprehensive overview of the literature between 1975 and 2008, the article was identified as a key paper in the debate on the ethics of GM crops.<ref>Gregorowius, D., Lindemann-Matthies, P., & Huppenbauer, M. (2012). Ethical discourse on the use of genetically modified crops: a review of academic publications in the fields of ecology and environmental ethics. Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics, 25(3), 265–293.</ref>
More recent work reflects on the meaning and the moral significance or otherwise of the (un)natural, where Deckers argues, inspired by Alfred North Whitehead’s teleological understanding of natural entities, that the concept of the unnatural carries both meaning and moral significance in discussions of genetic engineering. At the same time, his (ontological) understanding of the world is critical of Whitehead's thought by rejecting the view that the universe as a whole is a teleological entity.<ref>Deckers J. On (Un)naturalness. Environmental Values 2021, 30(3), 297-318. doi: 10.3197/096327120X16033868459494. (author's version at https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/271459/B2F74D63-9207-42EE-A39F-87E81E4D132B.pdf)</ref><ref>Deckers J. Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?, London: Ubiquity Press, 2016, sections 2.6 and 2.11.[doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bay].</ref>
Deckers also developed a contextualised case in human genetics as a teaching resource for Advance Higher Education.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/genetics-contextualised-scenario|title=Genetics Contextualised Scenario – Advance Higher Education}}</ref>

== Other work ==

In a book chapter on 'Fairness in Newcastle: Theory and Practice’, Deckers engages with a report of the Newcastle Fairness Commission, published in 2012, which set out to define some principles of fairness to improve decision-making and guide the work of Newcastle City Council and other organisations in the city.<ref>Deckers J. Fairness in Newcastle: Theory and Practice. In: Davoudi, S;Bell, D, ed. Justice and fairness in the city. A multi-disciplinary approach to ‘ordinary’ cities. Bristol: Policy Press, 2016, pp.249–264. URL: https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/asset/4633/davoudi-justice-and-fairness-in-the-city-deckers.pdf</ref> He has also published on ethics related to artificial intelligence.<ref>Lara F, Deckers J. Artificial Intelligence as a Socratic Assistant for Moral Enhancement. Neuroethics 2020, 13, 275–287. doi: 10.1007/s12152-019-09401-y</ref>

== Academic and wider recognition ==
At the 7th World Congress of Bioethics, Sydney, November 2004, Deckers received the Honourable Mention 2004 Mark S. Ehrenreich Prize for Healthcare Ethics Research of the International Association of Bioethics and the Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics at the University of Southern California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gould.usc.edu/faculty/centers/pacific-center/prize/|title = Ehrenreich Prize for Healthcare Ethics Research &#124; Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics &#124; USC Gould School of Law}}</ref> In 2014 Deckers was awarded a 'Society and Ethics' grant from the Wellcome Trust to convene a conference on 'An ethical discussion of in-vitro meat and the production of flesh from animals with enhanced properties.'<ref>https://wellcome.org/grant-funding/funded-people-and-projects#grants-awarded-64be</ref> In 2021 he received a grant from the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation for work on the ethics of artificial intelligence.<ref>http://www.gbsf.org.uk/jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ar2021.pdf</ref> 

He has also contributed to the popular literature and media.<ref>See e.g. https://www.progress.org.uk/about-us/people/jan-deckers/ and https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b00wbnxq</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medicine/people/profile/jandeckers.html NCL Profile]

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[[Category:Bioethicists]]

{{Sourceattribution|Jan Deckers}}