View source for Biography:Mother Teresa

{{Short description|Albanian-Indian Catholic saint (1910–1997)}}
{{Infobox saint
| honorific-prefix = [[Religion:Saint|Saint]]
|name= Teresa of Calcutta
| honorific-suffix = MC
|image=Mother Teresa 1.jpg
|caption= Mother Teresa in 1995
|titles= [[Religion:Virgin (title)|Virgin]]
|birth_place = Üsküp, Kosovo Vilayet, [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]
|death_date  = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|9|5|1910|8|26}}
|death_place = Calcutta, West Bengal, {{wipe|India}} 
|feast_day=5 September<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-teresa-of-kolkata-585 |title=St. Teresa of Kolkata |website=Catholic News Agency |access-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008171333/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-teresa-of-kolkata-585 |archive-date=2018-10-08 |url-status=}}</ref>
|beatified_date=19 October 2003
|beatified_place=Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City
|beatified_by=[[Biography:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]]
|canonized_date=4 September 2016
|canonized_place=Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City
|canonized_by=Pope Francis
|major_shrine=Mother House of the Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
|attributes= 
|patronage={{unbulleted list|World Youth Day|Missionaries of Charity|Archdiocese of Calcutta (co-patron)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-patron-saint-calcutta-49651357|title=Vatican declares Mother Teresa a patron saint of Calcutta|first=Manik |last=Banerjee|date=6 September 2017|publisher=Associated Press |access-date=6 September 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906160015/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-patron-saint-calcutta-49651357|archive-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/mother-teresa-to-be-named-co-patron-of-calcutta-archdiocese-on-first-canonization-anniversary-4007169.html |title=Mother Teresa to be named co-patron of Calcutta Archdiocese on first canonization anniversary |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=4 September 2017 |magazine=First Post |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-date=26 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426020241/https://www.firstpost.com/india/mother-teresa-to-be-named-co-patron-of-calcutta-archdiocese-on-first-canonisation-anniversary-4007169.html |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|issues=
|birth_name  = Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu
|venerated_in= [[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic Church]]
|module={{Infobox religious biography
|embed=yes
|nocat_wdimage = yes
|background       = royalblue
|honorific-prefix =
|name             = Mother Teresa
|religion=Catholicism
|denomination        = Catholic
|institute   = {{unbulleted list|Sisters of Loreto (1928–1948)|Missionaries of Charity (1950–1997)}}
|title       = [[Religion:Superior general|Superior general]]
|period      = 1950–1997
|posthumous_name  =
|nationality = {{plainlist|
* [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman subject]] (1910–1912)
* [[Place:Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian subject]] (1912–1915)
* [[History:Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian subject]] (1915–1918)
* Yugoslavian subject (1918–1943)
* Yugoslavian citizen (1943–1948)
* Indian subject (1948–1950)
* Indian citizen<ref name="Cannon2013" /> (1950–1997)
* Albanian citizen<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.shqiptariiitalise.com/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/kur-nene-tereza-vinte-ne-tirane2.html |lang=sq |work=Shqiptari i Italisë |title=Kur Nënë Tereza vinte në Tiranë/2 |trans-title=When Mother Teresa came to Tirana/2 |date=2010-12-02 |access-date=4 September 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918175822/http://www.shqiptariiitalise.com/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/kur-nene-tereza-vinte-ne-tirane2.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> (1991–1997)
* {{avoid wrap|Honorary American citizenship (awarded 1996)}}
}}
|successor  = Sr. Nirmala Joshi, MC
|signature  = Signature of Mother Teresa.svg
}}
}}

'''Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu''' MC (born '''Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu''', {{IPA-sq|aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒi.u|lang}}; 26 August 1910&nbsp;– 5 September 1997), better known as '''Mother Teresa''',{{efn|{{lang-sq|Nënë Tereza}}; {{lang-bn|মাদার টেরিজা|Mādāra Ṭērijā}}, or {{lang-bn|মাদার তেরেসা|Mādāra Tērēsā|label=none}}.<!-- Bengali is the main language besides English in Calcutta -->}} was an Albanian-Indian [[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Philosophy:Nun|nun]] and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. Born in [[Place:Skopje|Skopje]], then part of the [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]],{{Efn|After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Skopje became part of the [[Place:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], for the duration of Teresa's childhood. Since the 1990s, Skopje has been the capital of North Macedonia.}} at the age of 18 she moved to Ireland and later to India, where she lived most of her life. On 4 September 2016, she was canonised by the [[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] as '''Saint Teresa of Calcutta'''. The anniversary of her death, 5 September, is her feast day.

Mother Teresa founded Missionaries of Charity, a religious congregation, which grew to have over 4,500 nuns across 133 countries {{as of|2012|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poplin |first=Mary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRzDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |title=Finding Calcutta: What Mother Teresa Taught Me About Meaningful Work and Service |publisher=InterVarsity Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8308-6848-3 |page=112 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175303/https://books.google.com/books?id=MRzDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The congregation manages homes for people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, [[Medicine:Leprosy|leprosy]], and [[Medicine:Tuberculosis|tuberculosis]]. The congregation also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries, mobile clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well as orphanages and schools. Members take vows of [[Religion:Evangelical counsels|chastity, poverty, and obedience]] and also profess a fourth vow: to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor."<ref>Muggeridge (1971), chapter 3, "Mother Teresa Speaks", pp. 105, 113</ref>

Mother Teresa received several honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. A [[Religion:Criticism of Mother Teresa|controversial figure]] during her life and after her death, Mother Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work, but was criticised for her views on abortion and contraception, as well as the poor conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorised biography, written by Navin Chawla, was published in 1992, and she has been the subject of many other works. On 6 September 2017, Mother Teresa and Saint Francis Xavier were named co-patrons of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta.

==Biography==
===Early life===
[[File:Memorial house of Mother Teresa.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Urban stone-and-glass building|Memorial House of Mother Teresa in her native Skopje]]
Mother Teresa's given name was Anjezë Gonxhe (or Gonxha)<ref name="Egan 1992">''Blessed Are You: Mother Teresa and the Beatitudes'', ed. by Eileen Egan and Kathleen Egan, O.S.B., MJF Books: New York, 1992</ref>{{page needed|date=September 2020}} Bojaxhiu ({{lang|sq|Anjezë}} is a cognate of ''Agnes''; {{lang|sq|Gonxhe}} means "flower bud" in [[Social:Albanian language|Albanian]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seelrc.org:8080/albdict/detail.jsp?nWordID=1200001|title=Gonxhe|last=Newmark|first=Leonard|publisher= Slavic and Eurasian Language Resource Center|date=17 September 2023|website=Albanian-English Dictionary}}</ref> She was born on 26 August 1910 into a Kosovar Albanian family<ref>{{cite book|last=Group|first=Salisbury|title=The Salisbury Review, Volumes 19–20|year=2011|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-3472-3|page=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lf6BAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mother+Teresa+Albanian%22|quote=Mother Teresa, Albanian by birth|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175333/https://books.google.com/books?id=lf6BAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mother+Teresa+Albanian%22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/sebba-teresa.html|title=Mother Teresa|website=www.nytimes.com|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904085816/http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/sebba-teresa.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Alpion|first1=Gëzim|date=2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|title=Mother Teresa: Saint or Celebrity?|isbn=0-203-08751-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rq6S6qCWCbUC&q=mother+teresa+kosovo+prizren&pg=PT266|access-date=15 November 2014|quote="the nun's mother was born in Prizren in Kosova, her family came originally from the Gjakova region, also in Kosova"|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175315/https://books.google.com/books?id=rq6S6qCWCbUC&q=mother+teresa+kosovo+prizren&pg=PT266|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Place:Skopje|Skopje]], [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] (now the capital of North Macedonia).<ref name=MToC /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-bio.html |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1979: Mother Teresa |work=www.nobelprize.org |access-date=11 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011210335/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-bio.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 }}</ref> She was baptised in Skopje the day after her birth.<ref name="Egan 1992" /> She later considered 27 August, the day she was baptised, her "true birthday".<ref name=MToC>(2002) "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910–1997)". ''Vatican News Service''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref>

She was the youngest child of Nikollë and Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai).<ref>{{cite book|last=Lester|first=Meera|title=Saints' Blessing|publisher=Fair Winds|year=2004|page=138|isbn=1-59233-045-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSg6f3JaN1IC&q=Nikolle+bojaxhiu&pg=PA139|access-date=14 December 2008}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Her father, who was involved in Albanian-community politics in Ottoman North Macedonia, died in 1919 when she was eight years old.<ref name=MToC />{{efn|Although some sources state she was 10 when her father died, in an interview with her brother, the Vatican documents her age at the time as "about eight".}} He was born in [[Place:Prizren|Prizren]] (today in Kosovo), however, his family was from Mirdita (present-day Albania).<ref name=Lolja>{{cite news|url=https://issuu.com/albchurch/docs/jetakatolike_48/|title=Nënë Tereza, katër vjet më pas|date=September 2007|author=Lolja, Saimir|newspaper=Jeta Katolike|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521110440/https://issuu.com/albchurch/docs/jetakatolike_48|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Mehmeti>{{cite news|url=https://telegrafi.com/nene-tereza-dhe-pretendimet-sllave-per-origjinen-e-saj/|title=Nënë Tereza dhe pretendimet sllave për origjinën e saj|date=1 September 2010|author=Mehmeti, Faton|newspaper=Telegrafi|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521110429/https://telegrafi.com/nene-tereza-dhe-pretendimet-sllave-per-origjinen-e-saj/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova,<ref name="origin">{{cite web|url=http://bjoerna.dk/albanien/Teresa.htm|title=Moder Teresa|language=da|quote=Hendes forældre var indvandret fra Shkodra i Albanien; muligvis stammede faderen fra Prizren, moderen fra en landsby i nærheden af Gjakova.|access-date=23 August 2010|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521195734/http://bjoerna.dk/albanien/Teresa.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> believed by her offspring to be Bishtazhin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alpion |first1=Gëzim |title=Mother Teresa The Saint and Her Nation. |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd |location=London |isbn=9789389812466 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sylOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Bishtazhin&pg=PA103}}</ref>

According to a biography by Joan Graff Clucas, Anjezë was in her early years when she became fascinated by stories of the lives of missionaries and their service in [[Place:Bengal|Bengal]]; by age 12, she was convinced that she should commit herself to religious life.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=24}}</ref> Her resolve strengthened on 15 August 1928 as she prayed at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice, where she often went on pilgrimages.<ref>{{harvnb|Greene|2004|p=11}}</ref>

Anjezë left home in 1928 at age 18 to join the Sisters of Loreto at Loreto Abbey in Rathfarnham, Ireland, to learn English with the intent of becoming a missionary; English was the language of instruction of the Sisters of Loreto in India.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|pp=28–29}}</ref> She saw neither her mother nor her sister again.<ref>Sharn, Lori (5 September 1997). [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/mothert/mother01.htm "Mother Teresa dies at 87"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124233302/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/mothert/mother01.htm |date=24 November 2016 }}. ''USA Today''. Retrieved 5 September 2016</ref> Her family lived in Skopje until 1934, when they moved to [[Place:Tirana|Tirana]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GyTpAgAAQBAJ&q=Mother+Teresa+albania&pg=PT93|title=Conversations with Mother Teresa: A Personal Portrait of the Saint|isbn=978-1-59325-415-5|last1=Allegri|first1=Renzo|year=2011|publisher=The Word Among Us Press |access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023180033/https://books.google.com/books?id=GyTpAgAAQBAJ&q=Mother+Teresa+albania&pg=PT93|url-status=live}}</ref>

She arrived in {{wipe|India}} in 1929<ref name="IANS2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/From-Sister-to-Mother-to-Saint-The-journey-of-Mother-Teresa/2016/08/31/article3605855.ece|title=From Sister to Mother to Saint: The journey of Mother Teresa|date=31 August 2016|newspaper=The New Indian Express|language=en|access-date=3 September 2016|quote=[Mother Teresa] came to India in 1929&nbsp;... she founded the Missionaries of Charity in 1948.|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915174448/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/From-Sister-to-Mother-to-Saint-The-journey-of-Mother-Teresa/2016/08/31/article3605855.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> and began her [[Philosophy:Novitiate|novitiate]] in Darjeeling, in the lower Himalayas,<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=31}}</ref> where she learned [[Social:Bengali language|Bengali]] and taught at St. Teresa's School near her convent.<ref>{{harvnb|Greene|2004|p=17}}</ref> She took her first [[Philosophy:Religious vows|religious vows]] on 24 May 1931. She chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux, the patron saint of missionaries;<ref>Sebba, Anne (1997). ''Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image''. New York. Doubleday, p. 35. {{ISBN|0-385-48952-8}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/blessed-mother-teresa-of-calcu/|title=Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta and St. Therese of Lisieux: Spiritual Sisters in the Night of Faith|publisher=Thereseoflisieux.org|date=4 September 2007|access-date=24 August 2010|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917161302/http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/blessed-mother-teresa-of-calcu/|url-status=live}}</ref> because a nun in the convent had already chosen that name, she opted for its Spanish spelling of Teresa.<ref>{{harvnb|Greene|2004|p=18}}</ref>

Teresa took her solemn vows on 14 May 1937 while she was a teacher at the Loreto convent school in Entally, eastern Calcutta, taking the style of 'Mother' as part of Loreto custom.<ref name=MToC /><ref name="spink">Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, p. 16. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=32}}</ref> She served there for nearly twenty years and was appointed its headmistress in 1944.<ref>{{harvnb|Greene|2004|p=25}}</ref> Although Mother Teresa enjoyed teaching at the school, she was increasingly disturbed by the poverty surrounding her in Calcutta.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, pp. 18–21. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref> The Bengal famine of 1943 brought misery and death to the city, and the August 1946 Direct Action Day began a period of Muslim-Hindu violence.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, pp. 18, 21–22. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref>

In 1946, during a visit to Darjeeling by train, Mother Teresa felt that she heard the call of her inner conscience to serve the poor of India for Jesus. She asked for and received permission to leave the school. In 1950, she founded the Missionaries of Charity, choosing a white sari with two blue borders as the order's habit.

===Missionaries of Charity===
[[File:Missionaries of Charity Mother House.jpg|thumbnail|alt=Three-story building with a sign and a statue|Missionaries of Charity motherhouse in Calcutta]]
On 10 September 1946, Teresa experienced what she later described as "the call within the call" when she travelled by train to the Loreto convent in Darjeeling from Calcutta for her annual retreat. "I was to leave the convent and help the poor while living among them. It was an order. To fail would have been to break the faith."<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=35}}</ref> Joseph Langford later wrote, "Though no one knew it at the time, Sister Teresa had just become ''Mother'' Teresa".<ref name="Langford2008">{{cite book|last=Langford|first=Joseph|title=Mother Teresa's Secret Fire: The Encounter That Changed Her Life, and How It Can Transform Your Own|url=https://archive.org/details/motherteresassec0000lang|url-access=registration|access-date=9 September 2011|date=October 2008|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing|isbn=978-1-59276-309-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/motherteresassec0000lang/page/44 44]}}</ref>

She began missionary work with the poor in 1948,<ref name="IANS2016" /> replacing her traditional Loreto [[Philosophy:Religious habit|habit]] with a simple, white cotton sari with a blue border. Mother Teresa adopted Indian citizenship, spent several months in Patna to receive basic medical training at Holy Family Hospital and ventured into the slums.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=39}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Blessed Mother Teresa |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071751 |access-date=20 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060128093243/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071751 |archive-date=28 January 2006}}</ref> She founded a school in Motijhil, Calcutta, before she began tending to the poor and hungry.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|pp=48–49}}</ref> At the beginning of 1949, Mother Teresa was joined in her effort by a group of young women, and she laid the foundation for a new religious community helping the "poorest among the poor".<ref>{{cite web|title=Mother Teresa – ReligionFacts|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/mother-teresa|website=www.religionfacts.com|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-date=27 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927044156/http://www.religionfacts.com/mother-teresa|url-status=live}}</ref>

Her efforts quickly caught the attention of Indian officials, including the prime minister.<ref>Williams, Paul (2002). ''Mother Teresa''. Indianapolis. Alpha Books, p. 57. {{ISBN|0-02-864278-3}}.</ref> Mother Teresa wrote in her diary that her first year was fraught with difficulty. With no income, she begged for food and supplies and experienced doubt, loneliness and the temptation to return to the comfort of convent life during these early months:

{{blockquote|Our Lord wants me to be a free nun covered with the poverty of the cross. Today, I learned a good lesson. The poverty of the poor must be so hard for them. While looking for a home I walked and walked till my arms and legs ached. I thought how much they must ache in body and soul, looking for a home, food and health. Then, the comfort of Loreto [her former congregation] came to tempt me. "You have only to say the word and all that will be yours again", the Tempter kept on saying.&nbsp;... Of free choice, my God, and out of love for you, I desire to remain and do whatever be your Holy will in my regard. I did not let a single tear come.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, p. 37. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref>|sign=|source=}}

[[File:Sisters of Charity.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=Four nuns in sandals and white-and-blue saris|Missionaries of Charity in traditional saris]]
On 7 October 1950, Mother Teresa received [[Organization:Holy See|Vatican]] permission for the diocesan congregation, which would become the Missionaries of Charity.<ref>Williams, Paul (2002). ''Mother Teresa''. Indianapolis. Alpha Books, p. 62. {{ISBN|0-02-864278-3}}.</ref> In her words, it would care for "the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society, people that have become a burden to the society and are shunned by everyone".<ref>{{cite web|title=washingtonpost.com: Highlights of Mother Teresa's Life|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/teresa/stories/words.htm|website=www.washingtonpost.com|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101215837/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/teresa/stories/words.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1952, Mother Teresa opened her first hospice with help from Calcutta officials. She converted an abandoned [[Religion:Hinduism|Hindu]] temple into the Kalighat Home for the Dying, free for the poor, and renamed it Kalighat, the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday).<ref>Sebba, Anne (1997).''Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image''. New York. Doubleday, pp. 58–60. {{ISBN|0-385-48952-8}}.</ref> Those brought to the home received medical attention and the opportunity to die with dignity in accordance with their faith: Muslims were to read the [[Religion:Quran|Quran]], Hindus received water from the Ganges, and Catholics received extreme unction.<ref name=Spink55>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, p. 55. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref> "A beautiful death", Mother Teresa said, "is for people who lived like animals to die like angels—loved and wanted."<ref name=Spink55 />

[[File:Nirmal Hriday facade.jpg|thumb|alt=White, older building|Nirmal Hriday, Mother Teresa's Calcutta hospice, in 2007]]
She opened a hospice for those with [[Medicine:Leprosy|leprosy]], calling it Shanti Nagar (City of Peace).<ref>Sebba, Anne (1997).''Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image''. New York. Doubleday, pp. 62–63. {{ISBN|0-385-48952-8}}.</ref> The Missionaries of Charity established leprosy-outreach clinics throughout Calcutta, providing medication, dressings and food.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianideology.com/ideals_of_health-care.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109215916/http://www.indianideology.com/ideals_of_health-care.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2013|title=Mother Theresa|work=www.indianideology.com|access-date=11 August 2012}}</ref> The Missionaries of Charity took in an increasing number of homeless children; in 1955, Mother Teresa opened Nirmala Shishu Bhavan, the Children's Home of the Immaculate Heart, as a haven for orphans and homeless youth.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|pp=58–59}}</ref>

The congregation began to attract recruits and donations, and by the 1960s it had opened hospices, orphanages and leper houses throughout India. Mother Teresa then expanded the congregation abroad, opening a house in Venezuela in 1965 with five sisters.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, p. 82. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref> Houses followed in Italy (Rome), Tanzania and Austria in 1968, and, during the 1970s, the congregation opened houses and foundations in the United States and dozens of countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, pp. 286–287. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref>

The Missionaries of Charity Brothers was founded in 1963, and a [[Philosophy:Enclosed religious orders|contemplative branch]] of the Sisters followed in 1976. Lay Catholics and non-Catholics were enrolled in the Co-Workers of Mother Teresa, the Sick and Suffering Co-Workers, and the Lay Missionaries of Charity. Responding to requests by many priests, in 1981, Mother Teresa founded the Corpus Christi Movement for Priests<ref>{{cite web |url=http://corpuschristimovement.com/ |title=God's People Yearn For Holy Priests, Founded by Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta. ''Corpus Christi Movement for Priests'' |publisher=Corpuschristimovement.com |access-date=14 March 2013 |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310193852/http://corpuschristimovement.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and with Joseph Langford founded the Missionaries of Charity Fathers in 1984 to combine the vocational aims of the Missionaries of Charity with the resources of the priesthood.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcpriests.com/ |title=The Religious Community of priests founded by Mother Teresa. ''Missionaries of Charity Fathers'' |access-date=6 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211191550/http://www.mcpriests.com/ |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

By 1997, the 13-member Calcutta congregation had grown to more than 4,000 sisters who managed orphanages, AIDS hospices and charity centers worldwide, caring for refugees, the blind, disabled, aged, alcoholics, the poor and homeless and victims of floods, epidemics and famine.<ref>Spink, Kathryn (1997). ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York. HarperCollins, p. 284. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}.</ref> By 2007, the Missionaries of Charity numbered about 450 brothers and 5,000 sisters worldwide, operating 600 missions, schools and shelters in 120 countries.<ref>Slavicek, Louise (2007). ''Mother Teresa''. New York; Infobase Publishing, pp. 90–91. {{ISBN|0-7910-9433-2}}.</ref>

===International charity===
Mother Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus."<ref name="Cannon2013">{{cite book |last=Cannon |first=Mae Elise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxGECp1gqwwC&q=By+blood%2C+I+am+Albanian. |title=Just Spirituality: How Faith Practices Fuel Social Action |publisher=InterVarsity Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8308-3775-5 |page=19 |language=en |quote=When asked about her personal history, Mother Teresa said: 'By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.' |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175323/https://books.google.com/books?id=LxGECp1gqwwC&q=By+blood%2C+I+am+Albanian. |archive-date=1 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> 

Fluent in five languages – [[Social:Bengali language|Bengali]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Mother Teresa|url=http://www.bangalinet.com/greatmen_teresa.htm|work=bangalinet.com|access-date=3 September 2012|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035717/http://www.bangalinet.com/greatmen_teresa.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Social:Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Social:Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Social:English language|English]] and [[Social:Hindi|Hindi]] – she made occasional trips outside India for humanitarian reasons.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Ten Things to Know About Mother Teresa |url=http://www.biographycentral.net/mother-teresa.php |work=biographycentral.net |access-date=3 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824223224/http://www.biographycentral.net/mother-teresa.php |archive-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> These included, in 1971, a visit with four of her sisters, to Troubles-era [[Place:Belfast|Belfast]]. Her suggestion that the conditions she had found justified an on-going mission was the cause of some embarrassment.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=McDaid |first=Laura |date=4 September 2016 |title=Mother Teresa 'rejected by NI Catholic hierarchy' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-37247857 |access-date=2023-08-17}}</ref> Reportedly under pressure from senior clergy, who believed "the missionary traffic should be in other direction", and despite local welcome and support, she and her sisters abruptly left the city in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=BBC One - Mother Teresa 123 Springhill Avenue |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmLr_VC_M8E |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-03 |title=In Belfast, Mother Teresa ran up against enemies in the Church, leading to a dramatic departure |language=en-GB |work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/in-belfast-mother-teresa-ran-up-against-enemies-in-the-church-leading-to-a-dramatic-departure/35017211.html |access-date=2023-08-31 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> 

At the height of the Siege of Beirut in 1982, Mother Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front-line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas.<ref>CNN Staff, "Mother Teresa: A Profile", retrieved from CNN online{{dead link|date=October 2011}} on 30 May 2007</ref> Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the hospital to evacuate the young patients.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=17}}</ref>

When Eastern Europe experienced increased openness in the late 1980s, Mother Teresa expanded her efforts to Communist countries which had rejected the Missionaries of Charity. She began dozens of projects, undeterred by criticism of her stands against abortion and divorce: "No matter who says what, you should accept it with a smile and do your own work." She visited Armenia after the 1988 earthquake<ref>{{cite web|last=Milena|first=Faustova|title=Russian monument to Mother Teresa|url=http://indrus.in/articles/2010/08/26/monument_to_mother_teresa_04630.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218041555/http://indrus.in/articles/2010/08/26/monument_to_mother_teresa_04630.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2013|date=26 August 2010|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> and met with Soviet Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mother Teresa and Nikolai Ryzhkov|url=http://visualrian.ru/en/site/gallery/#435127/context%5Bmode%5D=advanced&context%5Bq%5D=&context%5Bcountry_id%5D=36&context%5Bcountry_title%5D=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F|date=20 December 1988|access-date=13 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811235857/http://visualrian.ru/en/site/gallery#435127/context%5Bmode%5D=advanced&context%5Bq%5D=&context%5Bcountry_id%5D=36&context%5Bcountry_title%5D=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F|archive-date=11 August 2013}}</ref>

Mother Teresa travelled to assist the hungry in Ethiopia, radiation victims at Chernobyl and earthquake victims in Armenia.<ref>Cooper, Kenneth J. (14 September 1997). "Mother Teresa Laid to Rest After Multi-Faith Tribute". ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved 30 May 2007</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/motherteresa/vocation.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124132640/http://www.ewtn.com/motherteresa/vocation.htm|url-status=dead|title=A Vocation of Service|archivedate=24 January 2016|website=Eternal Word Television Network}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianembassy.am/eng/india_arm_partners.html Embassy of India in Armenia Official Website]. Describes how Mother Teresa journeyed to Armenia in December 1988 following the great earthquake. She and her congregation established an orphanage there. Retrieved 30 May 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320082701/http://www.indianembassy.am/eng/india_arm_partners.html |date=20 March 2007 }}</ref> In 1991 she returned to Albania for the first time, opening a Missionaries of Charity Brothers home in [[Place:Tirana|Tirana]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Albania History : MC Contemplative|url=http://www.mc-contemplative.org/albania-istory.php|website=www.mc-contemplative.org|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013343/http://www.mc-contemplative.org/albania-istory.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

By 1996, the Missionaries of Charity operated 517 missions in over 100 countries.<ref>Williams, Paul (2002).''Mother Teresa''. Indianapolis. Alpha Books, pp. 199–204. {{ISBN|0-02-864278-3}}.</ref> The number of sisters in the Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands, serving the "poorest of the poor" in 450 centres worldwide. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx area of {{wipe|New York City}}, and by 1984 the congregation operated 19 establishments throughout the country.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|p=104}}</ref>

===Declining health and death===
Mother Teresa had a heart attack in Rome in 1983 while she was visiting [[Biography:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]]. Following a second attack in 1989, she received a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deseret.com/1989/12/1/18834851/pacemaker-implanted-in-mother-teresa |title=Pacemaker Implanted In Mother Teresa |newspaper=Deseret News |date=1 December 1989 |access-date=1 February 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116100504/https://www.deseret.com/1989/12/1/18834851/pacemaker-implanted-in-mother-teresa |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1991, after a bout of [[Medicine:Pneumonia|pneumonia]] in Mexico, she had additional heart problems. Although Mother Teresa offered to resign as head of the Missionaries of Charity, in a [[Social:Secret ballot|secret ballot]] the sisters of the congregation voted for her to stay, and she agreed to continue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuns ignore Mother Teresa retirement plan, re-elect her |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/09/09/nuns-ignore-mother-teresa-retirement-plan-re-elect-her/ |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826154529/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/09/09/nuns-ignore-mother-teresa-retirement-plan-re-elect-her/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 1996, Mother Teresa fell, breaking her collarbone, and four months later she had [[Medicine:Malaria|malaria]] and heart failure. Although she underwent [[Medicine:Cardiac surgery|heart surgery]], her health was clearly declining. According to Archbishop of Calcutta Henry Sebastian D'Souza, he ordered a priest to perform an [[Unsolved:Exorcism|exorcism]] (with her permission) when she was first hospitalised with cardiac problems because he thought she might be under attack by [[Unsolved:Devil in Christianity|the devil]].<ref>Bindra, Satinder (7 September 2001). "Archbishop: Mother Teresa underwent exorcism". ''CNN'' Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> On 13 March 1997, Mother Teresa resigned as head of the Missionaries of Charity. She died on 5 September.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indianborn nun to succeed Mother Teresa|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9703/13/india.teresa/|work=cnn|date=13 March 1997|access-date=13 September 2012|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009234751/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9703/13/india.teresa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa, Hope of the Despairing, Dies at 87|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/06/world/mother-teresa-hope-of-the-despairing-dies-at-87.html|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|last=Pace|first=Erik|date=6 September 1997|access-date=5 January 2022|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105050347/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/06/world/mother-teresa-hope-of-the-despairing-dies-at-87.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=5 Sep 2017 |title=Read TIME's Original 1997 Report on Mother Teresa's Death |url=https://time.com/4926942/mother-teresa-death-report-obituary/ |magazine=Time}}</ref>

==== Reactions ====
Mother Teresa lay in repose in an open casket in St Thomas, Calcutta, for a week before her funeral. She received a state funeral from the Indian government in gratitude for her service to the poor of all religions in the country.<ref>Associated Press (14 September 1997). "{{cite web|url=https://www.chron.com/cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/page1/97/09/14/teresa.html |title=India honors nun with state funeral |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306224148/http://www.chron.com/cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/page1/97/09/14/teresa.html |archive-date=6 March 2005 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}". ''Houston Chronicle''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> Cardinal Secretary of State Angelo Sodano, the Pope's representative, delivered the homily at the service.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Vatican's secretary of state delivers a homily at Mother Teresa's funeral |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/sep/13teres1.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=29 October 2018 |date=14 September 1997 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104174417/http://www.rediff.com/news/sep/13teres1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Mother Teresa's death was mourned in the secular and religious communities. Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif called her "a rare and unique individual who lived long for higher purposes. Her life-long devotion to the care of the poor, the sick, and the disadvantaged was one of the highest examples of service to our humanity."<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.christianmemorials.com/tributes/mother-teresa-of-calcutta/|title=Mother Teresa of Calcutta Online Memorial Tribute|last=Memorials|first=Christian|website=www.christianmemorials.com|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921191245/http://www.christianmemorials.com/tributes/mother-teresa-of-calcutta/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to former U.N. Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, "She is the United Nations. She is peace in the world."<ref name=":2" />

==Recognition and reception==
===India===
From the Indian government, under the name of Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, Mother Teresa was issued a diplomatic passport.<ref name="Navin Chawla">{{Cite book |last=Chawla |first=Navin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58bx0CNQy9sC&q=Mother+Teresa+Navin+Chawla |title=Mother Teresa |publisher=Penguin |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-14-303178-9 |location=New Delhi |page=1 |access-date=21 Sep 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102000122/https://books.google.com/books?id=58bx0CNQy9sC&q=Mother+Teresa+Navin+Chawla |archive-date=2 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>  She received the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccr.gov.in/content/nehru-award-recipients|title=Nehru Award Recipients {{!}} Indian Council for Cultural Relations {{!}} Government of India|website=www.iccr.gov.in|language=en|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406014617/http://www.iccr.gov.in/content/nehru-award-recipients|archive-date=6 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> She later received other Indian awards, including the Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award) in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/RecipientsBR_140515_1.pdf|title=List of Recipients of Bharat Ratna|website=Ministry of Home Affairs|date=14 May 2015|access-date=15 November 2020|archive-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115154209/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/RecipientsBR_140515_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Mother Teresa's official biography, by Navin Chawla, was published in 1992.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7AmVAAAACAAJ|title=Mother Teresa: The Authorized Biography|last=Chawla|first=Navin|year=1992|publisher=Diane Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7567-5548-5|language=en|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175315/https://books.google.com/books?id=7AmVAAAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> In Calcutta, she is worshipped as a deity by some [[Religion:Hinduism|Hindus]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-india-teresa-draws-devotees-of-all-faiths-1472857787|title=In India, Teresa Draws Devotees of All Faiths|last=Stacey|first=Daniel|date=3 September 2016|work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}|access-date=18 May 2017|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614072150/https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-india-teresa-draws-devotees-of-all-faiths-1472857787|url-status=live}}</ref>

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of her birth, the government of India issued a special {{INR}}5 coin (the amount of money Mother Teresa had when she arrived in India) on 28 August 2010. President Pratibha Patil said, "Clad in a white sari with a blue border, she and the sisters of Missionaries of Charity became a symbol of hope to many—namely, the aged, the destitute, the unemployed, the diseased, the terminally ill, and those abandoned by their families."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Commemorative-coin-on-Mother-Teresa-released/articleshow/6451687.cms|title=Commemorative coin on Mother Teresa released|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-date=3 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903101135/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Commemorative-coin-on-Mother-Teresa-released/articleshow/6451687.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indian views of Mother Teresa are not uniformly favourable. Aroup Chatterjee, a physician born and raised in Calcutta who was an activist in the city's slums for years around 1980 before moving to the UK, said that he "never even saw any nuns in those slums".<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/27/world/asia/mother-teresa-critic.html|title=A Critic's Lonely Quest: Revealing the Whole Truth About Mother Teresa|last=Schultz|first=Kai|date=26 August 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=18 May 2017|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405115919/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/27/world/asia/mother-teresa-critic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His research, involving more than 100 interviews with volunteers, nuns and others familiar with the Missionaries of Charity, was described in a 2003 book critical of Mother Teresa.<ref name=":4" /> Chatterjee criticized her for promoting a "cult of suffering" and a distorted, negative image of Calcutta, exaggerating work done by her mission and misusing funds and privileges at her disposal.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Chatterjee">Chatterjee, Aroup, Introduction to ''The Final Verdict''</ref> According to him, some of the hygiene problems he had criticized (such as the reuse of needles) improved after Mother Teresa's death in 1997.<ref name=":4" />

Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya, mayor of Calcutta from 2005 to 2010, said that "she had no significant impact on the poor of this city", glorified illness instead of treating it and misrepresented the city: "No doubt there was poverty in Calcutta, but it was never a city of lepers and beggars, as Mother Teresa presented it."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-india-mother-teresa-snap-story.html|title=Was Mother Teresa a saint? In city she made synonymous with suffering, a renewed debate over her legacy|date=2 September 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054201/http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-india-mother-teresa-snap-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[Religion:Hindu nationalism|Hindu right]], the [[Social:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] clashed with Mother Teresa over the Christian Dalits but praised her in death and sent a representative to her funeral.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka8XDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|title=The Biography of Mother Teresa: The Light Of The Devoted Soul That Changed The World|last=Dicker|first=Chris|publisher=Chris Dicker|language=en|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175307/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka8XDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|url-status=live}}</ref> Vishwa Hindu Parishad, however, opposed the government decision to grant her a state funeral. Secretary Giriraj Kishore said that "her first duty was to the Church and social service was incidental", accusing her of favouring Christians and conducting "secret baptisms" of the dying.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/DJ/Frontline%201997%20Article%20published%20in%20Hindu.pdf#page=3 A life of selfless caring] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820202015/http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/DJ/Frontline%201997%20Article%20published%20in%20Hindu.pdf#page=3 |date=20 August 2017 }} – Frontline (magazine) article.</ref><ref name="usislam1">{{cite web|url=http://www.usislam.org/revise/6211Baptism.htm|title=Secret Baptism|publisher=Usislam.org|access-date=28 August 2011|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024146/http://www.usislam.org/revise/6211Baptism.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In a front-page tribute, the Indian fortnightly ''Frontline'' dismissed the charges as "patently false" and said that they had "made no impact on the public perception of her work, especially in Calcutta". Praising her "selfless caring", energy and bravery, the author of the tribute criticised Teresa's public campaign against abortion and her claim to be non-political.<ref name=Frontline>Parvathi Menon Cover story: ''A life of selfless caring'', ''Frontline'', Vol.14 :: No. 19 :: 20 September–3 October 1997</ref>

In February 2015 Mohan Bhagwat, leader of the Hindu right-wing organisation [[Organization:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], said that Mother Teresa's objective was "to convert the person, who was being served, into a Christian".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mother-teresas-aim-was-conversion-says-bhagwat/article6926462.ece|title=Mother Teresa's aim was conversion, says Bhagwat|last=Dhar|first=Aarti|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en|archive-date=7 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107111842/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mother-teresas-aim-was-conversion-says-bhagwat/article6926462.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Former RSS spokesperson M. G. Vaidhya supported Bhagwat's assessment, and the organisation accused the media of "distorting facts about Bhagwat's remarks". Trinamool Congress MP Derek O'Brien, CPI leader Atul Anjan and [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]] chief minister Arvind Kejriwal protested Bhagwat's statement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsjzcra.timesofap.com/politics/rss-backs-its-chief-mohan-bhagwat-s-remarks-on-mother-teresa-opposition-lashes-out-at-him.html|title=RSS backs its chief Mohan Bhagwat's remarks on Mother Teresa, Opposition lashes out at him |website=tsjzcra.timesofap.com|language=en-US|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409044756/http://tsjzcra.timesofap.com/politics/rss-backs-its-chief-mohan-bhagwat-s-remarks-on-mother-teresa-opposition-lashes-out-at-him.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>  In 1991<ref>Senate of Serampore College (University), ''Doctor of Divinity''.[https://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/pages/index/doctor-of-divinity#:~:text=2016%20Rev.-,Dr.,M.Th.%2C%20D.]</ref> the country's first modern University, Senate of Serampore College (University) awarded a honorary doctorate during registrarship of D. S. Satyaranjan.

===Elsewhere===
[[File:President Ronald Reagan presents Mother Teresa with the Medal of Freedom at a White House Ceremony in the Rose Garden.jpg|thumb|alt=US President Ronald Regan and Nancy Reagan with Mother Teresa, standing at a microphone|President Ronald Reagan presents Mother Teresa with the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a White House ceremony as First Lady Nancy Reagan looks on, 20 June 1985.]]

Mother Teresa received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Peace and International Understanding, given for work in South or East Asia, in 1962. According to its citation, "The Board of Trustees recognises her merciful cognisance of the abject poor of a foreign land, in whose service she has led a new congregation".<ref>Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation (1962) ''Citation for Mother Teresa''.</ref> By the early 1970s, Mother Teresa was an international celebrity. She had been catapulted to fame via Malcolm Muggeridge's 1969 BBC documentary, ''Something Beautiful for God'', before he released a 1971 book of the same name.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Hundred Years of Muggery |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/a-hundred-years-of-muggery |access-date=24 July 2022 |work=Washington Examiner |quote=In a 1969 film entitled "Something Beautiful for God," he launched the persona that we all came to know as Mother Teresa. In a near-perfect return-serve to the hedonism of the day, he made a star out of a woman who scorned pelf and pleasure. |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725110933/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/a-hundred-years-of-muggery |url-status=live }}</ref> Muggeridge was undergoing a spiritual journey of his own at the time.<ref name=Timecrisis /> During filming, footage shot in poor lighting (particularly at the Home for the Dying) was thought unlikely to be usable by the crew; the crew had been using new, untested [[Engineering:Photographic film|photographic film]]. In England, the footage was found to be extremely well-lit and Muggeridge called it a miracle of "divine light" from Teresa.<ref>Sebba, Anne (1997). ''Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image''. New York. Doubleday, pp. 80–84. {{ISBN|0-385-48952-8}}.</ref> Other crew members said that it was due to a new type of ultra-sensitive Kodak film.<ref>Alpion, Gezmin (2007). ''Mother Teresa: Saint or Celebrity?''. Routledge Press, p. 9. {{ISBN|0-415-39246-2}}.</ref> Muggeridge later converted to Catholicism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malcolm Muggeridge's spiritual evolution|url=http://www.thewords.com/articles/mugquest.htm|website=www.thewords.com|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529051032/http://www.thewords.com/articles/mugquest.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Around this time, the Catholic world began to honour Mother Teresa publicly. Pope Paul VI gave her the inaugural Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, commending her work with the poor, her display of Christian charity and her efforts for peace.<ref>{{harvnb|Clucas|1988|pp=81–82}}</ref> She received the Pacem in Terris Award in 1976.<ref>''Quad City Times'' staff (17 October 2005). "Habitat official to receive Pacem in Terris honor". [[Organization:Peace Corps|Peace Corps]]. Retrieved 26 May 2007.</ref> After her death, Teresa progressed rapidly on the road to sainthood.

[[File:Mother Teresa & Michèle Duvalier.jpg|thumb|right|Mother Teresa with Michèle Duvalier in January 1981]]
She was honoured by governments and civilian organisations and appointed an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia in 1982 "for service to the community of Australia and humanity at large".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/882114|title=It's an Honour: AC|publisher=Itsanhonour.gov.au|date=26 January 1982|access-date=24 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181410/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/882114|archive-date=29 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Kingdom and the United States bestowed a number of awards, culminating in the Order of Merit in 1983 and honorary citizenship of the United States on 16 November 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo45003|title=Joint Resolution to Confer Honorary Citizenship of the United States on Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, also Known as Mother Teresa.|access-date=25 June 2017|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525110546/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-104publ218/pdf/PLAW-104publ218.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Mother Teresa's Albanian homeland gave her the Golden Honour of the Nation in 1994,<ref name=Frontline /> but her acceptance of this and the Haitian Legion of Honour was controversial. Mother Teresa was criticised for implicitly supporting the Duvaliers and corrupt businessmen such as Charles Keating and Robert Maxwell; she wrote to the judge of Keating's trial requesting clemency.<ref name=Frontline /><ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal|author=Loudon, Mary|title=The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice, Book Review|journal=BMJ|volume=312|issue=7022|date=6 January 1996|doi=10.1136/bmj.312.7022.64a|pages=64–65|s2cid=58762491}}</ref>

Universities in India and the West granted her honorary degrees.<ref name=Frontline /> Other civilian awards included the Balzan Prize for promoting humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples (1978)<ref>[http://www.balzan.it/Premiati.aspx?Codice=0000001003&nome=Mother%20Teresa%20of%20Calcutta Mother Teresa of Calcutta], Fondazione Internazionale Balzan, 1978 Balzan Prize for Humanity, Peace and Brotherhood among Peoples. Retrieved 26 May 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514221631/http://www.balzan.it/Premiati.aspx?Codice=0000001003&nome=Mother%20Teresa%20of%20Calcutta |date=14 May 2006 }}</ref> and the [[Biography:Albert Schweitzer|Albert Schweitzer]] International Prize (1975).<ref>Jones, Alice & Brown, Jonathan (7 March 2007). "Opposites attract? When Robert Maxwell met Mother Teresa". ''The Independent''. Retrieved 25 March 2012.</ref> In April 1976, Mother Teresa visited the University of Scranton in northeastern Pennsylvania, where she received the La Storta Medal for Human Service from university president William J. Byron.<ref name="Mother Teresa Addresses 4,500">{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa Addresses 4,500 At Long Center|url=http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/32324/rec/4|access-date=28 April 2015|work=Catholic Light|agency=The University of Scranton|publisher=The University of Scranton Digital Collections|date=1 May 1976|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106224810/http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/32324/rec/4|url-status=live}}</ref> She challenged an audience of 4,500 to "know poor people in your own home and local neighbourhood", feeding others or simply spreading joy and love.<ref name="Spread Love, Help Poor of Heart">{{cite news|last1=Cannella|first1=Tony|title=Mother Teresa Asks Local Citizens To Spread Love, Help Poor of Heart|url=http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/32349/rec/5|access-date=28 April 2015|work=Scranton Times|agency=The University of Scranton|publisher=The University of Scranton Digital Collections|date=28 April 1976|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725120937/http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/32349/rec/5|url-status=live}}</ref> Mother Teresa continued: "The poor will help us grow in sanctity, for they are Christ in the guise of distress".<ref name="Mother Teresa Addresses 4,500" /> In August 1987, Mother Teresa received an honorary doctor of social science degree from the university in recognition of her service and her ministry to help the destitute and sick.<ref name="U of S Honorary Degree">{{cite news|last1=Connors|first1=Terry|title=Mother Teresa Awarded Honorary Degree|url=http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16134/rec/13|access-date=28 April 2015|work=Northeast Magazine|agency=The University of Scranton|publisher=The University of Scranton Digital Collections|date=October 1987|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111342/http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16134/rec/13|url-status=live}}</ref> She spoke to over 4,000 students and members of the Diocese of Scranton<ref name="MT in Scranton">{{cite news|last1=Pifer|first1=Jerry|title=Mother Teresa in Scranton|url=http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16235/rec/22|access-date=28 April 2015|work=Scrantonian|agency=The University of Scranton|publisher=The University of Scranton Digital Collections|date=6 September 1987|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725120338/http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16235/rec/22|url-status=live}}</ref> about her service to the "poorest of the poor", telling them to "do small things with great love".<ref name="Small Things with Great Love Address">{{cite news|title=Do Small Things with Great Love: Mother Teresa Graces Diocese|url=http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16278/rec/26|access-date=28 April 2015|work=Catholic Light|agency=The University of Scranton|publisher=The University of Scranton Digital Collections|date=27 August 1987|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106215727/http://digitalservices.scranton.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/clippings/id/16278/rec/26|url-status=live}}</ref>

During her lifetime, Mother Teresa was among the top 10 women in the annual Gallup's most admired man and woman poll 18 times, finishing first several times in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>Frank Newport, David W. Moore, and Lydia Saad (13 December 1999). "Most Admired Men and Women: 1948–1998", The Gallup Organization.</ref> In 1999 she headed Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century,<ref name="gallup-20c" /> out-polling all other volunteered answers by a wide margin. She was first in all major demographic categories except the very young.<ref name="gallup-20c">Frank Newport (31 December 1999). "Mother Teresa Voted by American People as Most Admired Person of the Century", The Gallup Organization.</ref><ref>[http://www.pollingreport.com/20th.htm Greatest of the Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105022914/http://www.pollingreport.com/20th.htm |date=5 January 2007 }} Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll. 20–21 December 1999.</ref>

==== Nobel Peace Prize ====
{{external media |width = 210px |float = right |video1 =[https://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1852 Mother Teresa's 1979 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech]
}}
In 1979, Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize "for work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace".<ref>{{cite web|title=Nobel Committee: The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 press release|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/press.html|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-date=23 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623181949/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/press.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She refused the conventional ceremonial banquet for laureates, asking that its $192,000 cost be given to the poor in India<ref>Locke, Michelle (22 March 2007). "Berkeley Nobel laureates donate prize money to charity". ''San Francisco Gate''. Associated Press. Retrieved 26 May 2007</ref> and saying that earthly rewards were important only if they helped her to help the world's needy. When Mother Teresa received the prize she was asked, "What can we do to promote world peace?" She answered, "Go home and love your family." Building on this theme in her Nobel lecture, she said: "Around the world, not only in the poor countries, but I found the poverty of the West so much more difficult to remove. When I pick up a person from the street, hungry, I give him a plate of rice, a piece of bread, I have satisfied. I have removed that hunger. But a person that is shut out, that feels unwanted, unloved, terrified, the person that has been thrown out from society – that poverty is so hurtable {{sic}} and so much, and I find that very difficult."

== Social and political views ==
Mother Teresa singled out abortion as "the greatest destroyer of peace today. Because if a mother can kill her own child – what is left for me to kill you and you kill me – there is nothing between."<ref>Mother Teresa (11 December 1979). "Nobel Prize Lecture". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 25 May 2007.</ref>

Barbara Smoker of the [[Philosophy:Secular humanism|secular humanist]] magazine ''The Freethinker'' criticised Mother Teresa after the Peace Prize award, saying that her promotion of Catholic moral teachings on abortion and contraception diverted funds from effective methods to solve India's problems.<ref>{{harvnb |Smoker |1980 |pp=11, 28}}</ref> At the Fourth World Conference on Women in [[Place:Beijing|Beijing]], Mother Teresa said: "Yet we can destroy this gift of motherhood, especially by the evil of abortion, but also by thinking that other things like jobs or positions are more important than loving."<ref name="Mother Teresa's Message to Fourth UN Women's Conference">{{cite web|title=Mother Teresa's Message to the Fourth Women's Conference|publisher=EWTN|date=6 October 2006|url=https://www.ewtn.com/New_library/MT_woman.htm|access-date=28 March 2016|archive-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930003513/http://www.ewtn.com/New_library/MT_woman.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
{{Main|Religion:Criticism of Mother Teresa}}
{{Criticism section|date=September 2023}}
According to a paper by Canadian academics Serge Larivée, Geneviève Chénard and Carole Sénéchal, Mother Teresa's clinics received millions of dollars in donations but lacked [[Medicine:Health care|medical care]], systematic diagnosis, necessary nutrition and sufficient [[Biology:Analgesic|analgesic]]s for those in pain;<ref name="Université de Montréal">{{cite news |first=Serge |last=Larivée |author2=Carole Sénéchal |author3=Geneviève Chénard |title=Mother Teresa: anything but a saint&nbsp;...|date=1 March 2013 |publisher=Université de Montréal |url=http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/udem-news/news/20130301-mother-teresa-anything-but-a-saint.html |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401151627/http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/udem-news/news/20130301-mother-teresa-anything-but-a-saint.html |archive-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> in the opinion of the three academics, "Mother Teresa believed the sick must suffer like Christ on the cross".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/the-hot-button/mother-teresa-was-anything-but-a-saint-new-canadian-study-claims/article9317551/|title=Mother Teresa was 'anything but a saint,' new Canadian study claims|date=5 March 2013|work=The Globe and Mail|author=Adriana Barton|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423162243/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/the-hot-button/mother-teresa-was-anything-but-a-saint-new-canadian-study-claims/article9317551//|url-status=live}}</ref> It was said that the additional money might have transformed the health of the city's poor by creating advanced palliative care facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/i-dont-think-she-deserved-the-nobel/284270|title="I Don't Think She Deserved The Nobel" – Anirudh Bhattacharyya – Mar 18, 2013|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-date=20 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120161341/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/i-dont-think-she-deserved-the-nobel/284270|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-saint--the-sceptic/284271|title=The Saint & The Sceptic – Dola Mitra – Mar 18, 2013|access-date=17 December 2015|archive-date=20 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120171856/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-saint--the-sceptic/284271|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of Mother Teresa's most outspoken critics was English journalist and [[Antitheism|antitheist]] [[Biography:Christopher Hitchens|Christopher Hitchens]], host of the documentary ''Hell's Angel'' (1994) and author of the essay ''The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice'' (1995) who wrote in a 2003 article: "This returns us to the medieval corruption of the church, which sold indulgences to the rich while preaching hellfire and continence to the poor. [Mother Teresa] was not a friend of the poor. She was a friend of {{em|poverty}}. She said that suffering was a gift from God. She spent her life opposing the only known cure for poverty, which is the empowerment of women and the emancipation of them from a livestock version of compulsory reproduction."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2003/10/mommie_dearest.html |title=Mommie Dearest |magazine=Slate |last=Hitchens |first=Christopher |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074427/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2003/10/mommie_dearest.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He accused her of [[Social:Hypocrisy|hypocrisy]] for choosing advanced treatment for her heart condition.<ref>Hitchens (1995), p. 41</ref><ref>''cf.'' Fr. James Martin, SJ, Letter in ''The New York Review of Books'', 19 September 1996 [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1996/09/19/in-defense-of-mother-teresa/ In Defense of Mother Teresa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035238/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1996/09/19/in-defense-of-mother-teresa/ |date=1 December 2017 }}, accessed 2 February 2014</ref> Hitchens said that "her intention was not to help people", and that she lied to donors about how their contributions were used. "It was by talking to her that I discovered, and she assured me, that she wasn't working to alleviate poverty", he said, "She was working to expand the number of Catholics. She said, 'I'm not a social worker. I don't do it for this reason. I do it for Christ. I do it for the church{{'"}}.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-debate-over-sainthood/ "The Debate over Sainthood"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418021942/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-debate-over-sainthood/ |date=18 April 2021 }} (19 October 2003). CBS News.</ref>

Navin B. Chawla points out that Mother Teresa never intended to build hospitals, but to provide a place where those who had been refused admittance "could at least die being comforted and with some dignity." He also counters critics of Mother Teresa by stating that her periodic hospitalizations were instigated by staff members against her wishes and he disputes the claim that she conducted unethical conversions. "Those who are quick to criticise Mother Teresa and her mission, are unable or unwilling to do anything to help with their own hands."<ref name="Chawla">Chawla, Navin B. (August 26, 2013). [http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-mother-teresa-her-critics-choose-to-ignore/article5058894.ece Chawla, Navin B., "The Mother Teresa her critics choose to ignore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504211225/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-mother-teresa-her-critics-choose-to-ignore/article5058894.ece|date=2019-05-04}}. ''The Hindu''.</ref> Similarly, Sister Mary Prema Pierick, the former Superior General of the Missionaries of Charity, also stated that Mother Teresa's homes were never intended to be a substitute for hospitals, but rather "homes for those not accepted in the hospital... But if they need hospital care, then we have to take them to the hospital, and we do that." Sister Pierick also contested the claims that Mother Teresa deliberately cultivated suffering, and affirmed her order's goal was to alleviate suffering.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |author=McDonagh, Melanie |date=2016-08-30 |title='Mother Teresa Saw Jesus in Everyone' |url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/mother-teresa-saw-jesus-in-everyone |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204075724/https://www.ncregister.com/news/mother-teresa-saw-jesus-in-everyone |archive-date=2022-02-04 |access-date=2022-02-03 |website=National Catholic Register |language=en-US}}</ref>

Fr Des Wilson, who had hosted her in Belfast in 1971,<ref name=":5" /> argued that "Mother Theresa was content to pick up the sad pieces left by a vicious political and economic system" and he noted that hers was a fate very different to that of Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador. While she got the Nobel Prize, "Romero, who attacked the causes of misery as well as picking up the pieces, was shot in the head".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Des |title=The Way I see it: an Autobiography by Fr Des Wilson |publisher=Beyond the Pale Publications |year=2005 |isbn=1900960281 |location=Belfast |pages=112}}</ref>

In 1994, Mother Teresa argued that the sexual abuse allegations against Jesuit priest Donald McGuire were untrue. When he was convicted of sexually molesting multiple children in 2006, Mother Teresa's defense of him was criticised.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jamison |first1=Peter |title=Tainted Saint: Mother Teresa Defended Pedophile Priest |url=https://archives.sfweekly.com/sanfrancisco/tainted-saint-mother-teresa-defended-pedophile-priest/Content?oid=2183718 |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=SF Weekly |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010194155/https://archives.sfweekly.com/sanfrancisco/tainted-saint-mother-teresa-defended-pedophile-priest/Content?oid=2183718 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Nelson |title=Mother Teresa and the Paedophile |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2012/01/mother-teresa-mcguire-abuse |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=New Statesman |date=10 June 2021 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009212130/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2012/01/mother-teresa-mcguire-abuse |url-status=live }}</ref>

Abortion-rights groups have also criticised Mother Teresa's stance against abortion and contraception.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/25/why-to-many-critics-mother-teresa-is-still-no-saint/|title=Why Mother Teresa is still no saint to many of her critics|author=Adam Taylor|date=18 December 2015|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523113853/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/25/why-to-many-critics-mother-teresa-is-still-no-saint/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/on-the-same-page/284274|title=On the Same Page – Amit Chaudhuri – Mar 18,2013|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106005916/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/on-the-same-page/284274|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newamericamedia.org/2013/03/city-of-doubts-kolkatas-uneasy-love-for-mother-teresa.php|title=City of Doubts: Kolkata's Uneasy Love for Mother Teresa – New America Media|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193305/http://newamericamedia.org/2013/03/city-of-doubts-kolkatas-uneasy-love-for-mother-teresa.php|archive-date=2 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Mark Woods, writing in ''Christian Today'', "to criticise her for opposing abortion and contraception... is to criticise her for not running a secular charity, which she never pretended to do."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Mark |date=2016-08-31 |title=Mother Teresa and her critics: Should she really be made a saint? |url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/mother-teresa-and-her-critics-should-she-really-be-made-a-saint/94365.htm |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.christiantoday.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Spiritual life ==
Analysing her deeds and achievements, [[Biography:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] said: "Where did Mother Teresa find the strength and perseverance to place herself completely at the service of others? She found it in prayer and in the silent contemplation of Jesus Christ, his Holy Face, his Sacred Heart."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20031020_pilgrims-mother-teresa_en.html|title=Address of John Paul II to the Pilgrims Who Had Come To Rome for the Beatification of Mother Teresa|work=Vatican.va|date=20 October 2003|author=John Paul II|access-date=13 March 2007|archive-date=1 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101231733/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20031020_pilgrims-mother-teresa_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Privately, Mother Teresa experienced doubts and struggle in her religious beliefs which lasted nearly 50 years, until the end of her life.<ref name=TIME-2007-08-23>{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith|author=David Van Biema|date=23 August 2007|magazine=TIME|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825084420/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2007}}</ref> Mother Teresa expressed grave doubts about God's existence and pain over her lack of faith:

{{blockquote|Where is my faith? Even deep down{{nbsp}}[...] there is nothing but emptiness and darkness.{{nbsp}}[...] If there be God – please forgive me. When I try to raise my thoughts to Heaven, there is such convicting emptiness that those very thoughts return like sharp knives and hurt my very soul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edgewoodpc.org/sermons/sermon061911.html|title=Sermon – Some Doubted|publisher=Edgewoodpc.org|date=19 June 2011|access-date=28 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015234535/http://edgewoodpc.org/sermons/sermon061911.html|archive-date=15 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|sign=|source=}}

[[File:Mother Teresa memorial plaque.jpg|thumb|alt=Outdoor bas-relief plaque|Plaque dedicated to Mother Teresa in Wenceslas Square, Olomouc, Czech Republic]]

Other saints (including Teresa's namesake [[Religion:Thérèse of Lisieux|Thérèse of Lisieux]], who called it a "night of nothingness") had similar experiences of [[Religion:Spiritual dryness|spiritual dryness]].<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/223/story_22353_1.html New Book Reveals Mother Teresa's Struggle with Faith] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916070555/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/223/story_22353_1.html |date=16 September 2008 }} Beliefnet, AP 2007</ref> According to James Langford, these doubts were typical and would not be an impediment to canonisation.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

After ten years of doubt, Mother Teresa described a brief period of renewed faith. After Pope Pius XII's death in 1958, she was praying for him at a requiem mass when she was relieved of "the long darkness: that strange suffering." However, five weeks later her spiritual dryness returned.<ref name=Newsweekteresa>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/38603|title=Hitchens Takes on Mother Teresa|work=Newsweek|date=28 August 2007|access-date=11 December 2008|archive-date=29 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329103920/http://www.newsweek.com/id/38603|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mother Teresa wrote many letters to her confessors and superiors over a 66-year period, most notably to Calcutta Archbishop Ferdinand Perier and Jesuit priest Celeste van Exem (her spiritual advisor since the formation of the Missionaries of Charity).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-10-19/news/0310190294_1_mother-teresa-beatification-garneau|location=Baltimore|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=The dark night of 'a blessed soul'|date=19 October 2003|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721061413/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-10-19/news/0310190294_1_mother-teresa-beatification-garneau|url-status=dead}}</ref> She requested that her letters be destroyed, concerned that "people will think more of me – less of Jesus."<ref name="Timecrisis" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/524638,CST-NWS-mother24.article |title=Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith |access-date=26 August 2007 |work=Sun Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071011164222/http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/524638,CST-NWS-mother24.article |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref>
[[File:Alfons Weisser Mutter Teresa.JPG|thumb|Semi-abstract painting honouring Mother Teresa]]
However, the correspondence was compiled in ''Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light''.<ref name=Timecrisis>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825084420/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2007|title=Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith|access-date=24 August 2007 |magazine=Time|date=23 August 2007|first=David|last=Van Biema}}</ref><ref name="Kolodiejchuk">{{cite book|title=Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light|last1=Teresa|first1=Mother|last2=Kolodiejchuk|first2=Brian|year=2007|publisher=Doubleday|location=New York|isbn=978-0-385-52037-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVaPAgAACAAJ&q=Mother+Teresa:+Come+Be+My+Light|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175334/https://books.google.com/books?id=EVaPAgAACAAJ&q=Mother+Teresa%3A+Come+Be+My+Light|url-status=live}}</ref> Mother Teresa wrote to spiritual confidant Michael van der Peet, "Jesus has a very special love for you. [But] as for me, the silence and the emptiness is so great, that I look and do not see – listen and do not hear – the tongue moves [in prayer] but does not speak.{{nbsp}}[...] I want you to pray for me – that I let Him have [a] free hand."

In {{lang|la|Deus caritas est}} (his first encyclical), [[Biography:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] mentioned Mother Teresa three times and used her life to clarify one of the encyclical's main points: "In the example of Blessed Teresa of Calcutta we have a clear illustration of the fact that time devoted to God in prayer not only does not detract from effective and loving service to our neighbour but is in fact the inexhaustible source of that service."<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est.html Pope Benedict XVI. "Deus caritas est"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023173458/https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est.html |date=23 October 2021 }} 25 December 2005. §&nbsp;36 Libreria Editrice Vaticana</ref> She wrote, "It is only by [[Religion:Mental prayer|mental prayer]] and [[Unsolved:Spiritual reading|spiritual reading]] that we can cultivate the gift of prayer."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9-Jvizc9IUC&q=mental+prayer&pg=PA5|title=No Greater Love|date=197|author=Mother Teresa|access-date=12 August 2007|publisher=New World Library|isbn=978-1-57731-201-7|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175307/https://books.google.com/books?id=e9-Jvizc9IUC&q=mental+prayer&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref>

Although her order was not connected with the Franciscan orders, Mother Teresa admired Francis of Assisi<ref name=AmeriCath>"Mother Teresa of Calcutta Pays Tribute to St. Francis of Assisi" on the ''American Catholic'' website. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> and was influenced by Franciscan spirituality. The Sisters of Charity recite the prayer of Saint Francis every morning at Mass during the [[Religion:Thanksgiving after Communion|thanksgiving after Communion]], and their emphasis on ministry and many of their vows are similar.<ref name=AmeriCath /> Francis emphasised poverty, chastity, obedience and submission to Christ. He devoted much of his life to serving the poor, particularly lepers.<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Francis of Assisi on the Joy of Poverty and the Value of Dung|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-14/st-francis-of-assisi-on-joy-of-poverty-and-value-of-dung.html|website=Christian History {{!}} Learn the History of Christianity & the Church|access-date=21 December 2016|archive-date=25 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225134614/http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-14/st-francis-of-assisi-on-joy-of-poverty-and-value-of-dung.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Canonization==
===Miracle and beatification===
After Mother Teresa's death in 1997, the [[Organization:Holy See|Holy See]] began the process of [[Religion:Beatification|beatification]] (the second of three steps towards [[Religion:Canonization|canonization]]) and Brian Kolodiejchuk was appointed [[Religion:Postulator|postulator]] by the Diocese of Calcutta. Although he said, "We didn't have to prove that she was perfect or never made a mistake", he had to prove that Mother Teresa's virtue was heroic. Kolodiejchuk submitted 76 documents, totalling 35,000 pages, which were based on interviews with 113 witnesses who were asked to answer 263 questions.<ref name=Brown>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/did-mother-teresa-really-perform-miracles/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/did-mother-teresa-really-perform-miracles/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Did Mother Teresa really perform miracles?|date=2 September 2016|author=Brown, Mick|newspaper=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=4 September 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[File:Stained glass depiction of key moments in the lifetime of Mother Teresa at the Cathedral of Saint Mother Teresa in Prishtina.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Stained glass depiction of key moments in the lifetime of Mother Teresa at the Cathedral of Saint Mother Teresa in Pristina, Kosovo]]
The process of canonisation requires the documentation of a [[Philosophy:Miracle|miracle]] resulting from the [[Religion:Intercession|intercession]] of the prospective saint.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mother Teresa: The Road to Official Sainthood|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/features/teresa/sainthood.asp|work=www.americancatholic.org|access-date=13 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014152734/http://www.americancatholic.org/features/teresa/sainthood.asp|archive-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> In 2002 the Vatican recognised as a miracle the healing of a tumour in the abdomen of Monica Besra, an Indian woman, after the application of a locket containing Teresa's picture. According to Besra, a beam of light emanated from the picture and her cancerous tumour was cured; however, her husband and some of her medical staff said that conventional medical treatment eradicated the tumour.<ref>Orr, David (10 May. 2003). "Medicine cured 'miracle' woman – not Mother Teresa, say doctors". ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> Ranjan Mustafi, who told ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'' he had treated Besra, said that the cyst was caused by tuberculosis: "It was not a miracle&nbsp;... She took medicines for nine months to one year."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/20/world/her-legacy-acceptance-and-doubts-of-a-miracle.html "Her Legacy: Acceptance and Doubts of a Miracle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216081007/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/20/world/her-legacy-acceptance-and-doubts-of-a-miracle.html |date=16 February 2018 }}, by David Rohde. ''The New York Times''. 20 October 2003</ref> According to Besra's husband, "My wife was cured by the doctors and not by any miracle [...] This miracle is a hoax."<ref name=time>{{cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,364389,00.html|title=What's Mother Teresa Got to Do with It?|publisher=Time.com|date=13 October 2002|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-date=28 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128182758/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,364389,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Besra said that her medical records, including sonograms, prescriptions and physicians' notes, were confiscated by Sister Betta of the Missionaries of Charity. According to ''{{wipe|Time (magazine)}}'', calls to Sister Betta and the office of Sister Nirmala (Teresa's successor as head of the order) produced no comment. Officials at Balurghat Hospital, where Besra sought medical treatment, said that they were pressured by the order to call her cure miraculous.<ref name=time /> In February 2000, former West Bengal health minister Partho De ordered a review of Besra's medical records at the Department of Health in Calcutta. According to De, there was nothing unusual about her illness and cure based on her lengthy treatment. He said that he had refused to give the Vatican the name of a doctor who would certify that Monica Besra's healing was a miracle.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Edamaruku|first1=Sanal|title=Catholic Church manufactured an ovarian miracle for Mother Teresa|url=http://churchandstate.org.uk/2016/11/catholic-church-manufactured-an-ovarian-miracle-for-mother-teresa/|website=Church and State|access-date=19 November 2016|archive-date=2 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402055003/http://churchandstate.org.uk/2016/11/catholic-church-manufactured-an-ovarian-miracle-for-mother-teresa/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During Mother Teresa's beatification and canonisation, the Vatican studied published and unpublished criticism of her life and work. Christopher Hitchens and Chatterjee (author of ''The Final Verdict'', a book critical of Mother Teresa) spoke to the tribunal; according to Vatican officials, the allegations raised were investigated by the [[Religion:Congregation for the Causes of Saints|Congregation for the Causes of Saints]].<ref name=Brown /> The group found no obstacle to Mother Teresa's canonisation, and issued its {{lang|la|[[Religion:Nihil obstat|nihil obstat]]}} on 21 April 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/clife/teresa/history.php|title=History of the Cause of Mother Teresa|publisher=Catholic Online|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-date=4 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904183146/http://www.catholic.org/clife/teresa/history.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lattin|first1=Don|title=Living Saint: Mother Teresa's fast track to canonization|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/10/12/MN147328.DTL|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=4 September 2016|date=12 October 2003|archive-date=28 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128193625/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2003%2F10%2F12%2FMN147328.DTL|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of the attacks on her, some Catholic writers called her a [[Religion:Sign of contradiction|sign of contradiction]].<ref>Shaw, Russell. (1 September 2005).{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicherald.com/shaw/shaw05/shaw0901.htm |title=Attacking a Saint |access-date=14 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526193227/http://www.catholicherald.com/shaw/shaw05/shaw0901.htm |archive-date=26 May 2007 }}, ''Catholic Herald''. Retrieved 1 May 2007.</ref> Mother Teresa was beatified on 19 October 2003, and was known by Catholics as "[[Religion:Beatification|Blessed]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20031019_index_madre-teresa_en.html|title=Vatican news release|publisher=Vatican.va|date=19 October 2003|access-date=24 August 2010|archive-date=19 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819222118/http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20031019_index_madre-teresa_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Canonization===
On 17 December 2015, the Vatican Press Office confirmed that Pope Francis recognised a second miracle attributed to Mother Teresa: the healing of a Brazilian man with multiple brain tumours back in 2008.<ref name=miracle2>{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa to become saint after Pope recognises 'miracle' – report|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/dec/18/mother-teresa-to-become-saint-after-pope-recognises-miracle-report|access-date=18 December 2015|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=18 December 2015|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430110615/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/dec/18/mother-teresa-to-become-saint-after-pope-recognises-miracle-report|url-status=live}}</ref> The miracle first came to the attention of the postulation (officials managing the cause) during the events of World Youth Day 2013 when the pope was in Brazil that July. A subsequent investigation took place in Brazil from 19–26 June 2015 which was later transferred to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints who issued a decree recognizing the investigation to be completed.<ref name=miracle2 />

Pope Francis canonised her at a ceremony on 4 September 2016 in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City. Tens of thousands of people witnessed the ceremony, including 15 government delegations and 1,500 homeless people from across Italy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/05/world/europe/mother-teresa-named-saint-by-pope-francis.html|title=Mother Teresa Is Made a Saint by Pope Francis|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|date=3 September 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507190249/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/05/world/europe/mother-teresa-named-saint-by-pope-francis.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37269512|title=Mother Teresa declared saint by Pope Francis at Vatican ceremony|work=BBC News|date=4 September 2016|language=en-GB|access-date=4 September 2016|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413061832/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37269512|url-status=live}}</ref> It was televised live on the Vatican channel and streamed online; Skopje, Mother Teresa's hometown, announced a week-long celebration of her canonisation.<ref name=":0" /> In India, a special Mass was celebrated by the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta.<ref name=":1" />

==Co-Patron of Calcutta Archdiocese==
On 4 September 2017, during a celebration honouring the 1st anniversary of her canonisation, Sister Mary Prema Pierick, Superior-General of the Missionaries of Charity, announced that Mother Teresa would be made the co-patron of the Calcutta Archdiocese during a Mass in the Cathedral of the Most Holy Rosary on 6 September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/09/04/mother_teresa_to_be_co-patron_of_calcutta_archdiocese_%E2%80%8E/1334592|title=Mother Teresa to be co-patron of Calcutta Archdiocese|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906090818/http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/09/04/mother_teresa_to_be_co-patron_of_calcutta_archdiocese_%E2%80%8E/1334592|url-status=live}}</ref>  On 5 September 2017, Archbishop Thomas D'Souza, who serves as head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta, confirmed that Mother Teresa would be named co-patron of the Calcutta Diocese, alongside Francis Xavier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=32646|title=Mother Teresa named co-patron of Calcutta archdiocese : News Headlines|website=www.catholicculture.org|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905211133/http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=32646|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/archbishop-dsouza-mother-teresa-will-be-the-co-patron-of-calcutta/38160/2|title=Archbishop D'Souza: Mother Teresa will be the co-patron of Calcutta|first=Herald Malaysia|last=Online.|website=Herald Malaysia Online|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905170929/http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/archbishop-dsouza-mother-teresa-will-be-the-co-patron-of-calcutta/38160/2|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 September 2017, about 500 people attended the Mass at a cathedral where Dominique Gomes, the local Vicar General,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archdioceseofcalcutta.in/official.html|title=The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta – India|website=www.archdioceseofcalcutta.in|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110637/http://www.archdioceseofcalcutta.in/official.html|url-status=live}}</ref> read the decree instituting her as the second patron saint of the archdiocese.<ref name=mysacanpl8-1 /> The ceremony was also presided over by D'Souza and the Vatican's ambassador to India, Giambattista Diquattro, who lead the Mass and inaugurated a bronze statue in the church of Mother Teresa carrying a child.<ref name=mysacanpl8-1>{{cite web|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/sep/06/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-a-patron-saint-of-c/|title=Vatican declares Mother Teresa a patron saint of Calcutta|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032644/http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/sep/06/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-a-patron-saint-of-c/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Catholic Church declared St. Francis Xavier the first patron saint of Calcutta in 1986.<ref name=mysacanpl8-1 />

==Legacy and depictions in popular culture==
At the time of her death, the Missionaries of Charity had over 4,000 sisters and an associated brotherhood of 300 members operating 610 missions in 123 countries.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2010 |title=Lights Out for Mother Teresa |url=http://www.bernardgoldberg.com/lights-out-for-mother-teresa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220160216/http://www.bernardgoldberg.com/lights-out-for-mother-teresa/ |archive-date=20 February 2011 |access-date=25 March 2012 |publisher=Bernardgoldberg.com}}</ref> These included hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counselling programmes, orphanages and schools. The Missionaries of Charity were aided by co-workers numbering over one million by the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610215750/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/ |archive-date=10 June 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref> 

===Commemorations===
[[File:Terminal jashte.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Airport terminal, with four trees in the foreground|Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza]]
Mother Teresa has been commemorated by museums and named the patroness of a number of churches. She has had buildings, roads and complexes named after her, including Albania's international airport. Mother Teresa Day ({{lang|sq|Dita e Nënë Terezës}}), 5 September, is a public holiday in Albania. In 2009, the Memorial House of Mother Teresa was opened in her hometown of Skopje, North Macedonia. The Cathedral of Blessed Mother Teresa in [[Place:Pristina|Pristina]], Kosovo, is named in her honour.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|publisher=Balkan Insight|title=Kosovo Muslims Resent New Mother Teresa Statue|author=Petrit Collaku|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-row-over-mother-teresa-statue|date=26 May 2011|access-date=16 December 2014|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830061800/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-row-over-mother-teresa-statue|url-status=live}}</ref> The demolition of a historic high school building to make way for the new construction initially sparked controversy in the local community, but the high school was later relocated to a new, more spacious campus. Consecrated on 5 September 2017, it became the first cathedral in Mother Teresa's honour and the second extant one in Kosovo.<ref name=jfjpqpvapv>{{cite web|url=http://religionnews.com/2017/09/05/first-cathedral-for-mother-teresa-is-consecrated-in-kosovo/|title=First cathedral for Mother Teresa is consecrated in Kosovo|date=5 September 2017|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906224804/http://religionnews.com/2017/09/05/first-cathedral-for-mother-teresa-is-consecrated-in-kosovo/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Saint Mother Teresa Cathedral Prishtina8.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cathedral of Saint Mother Teresa, Pristina]]
Mother Teresa Women's University,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motherteresawomenuniv.ac.in|title=:: Welcome To Mother Teresa Women's University ::|access-date=1 February 2022|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513072048/http://www.motherteresawomenuniv.ac.in/|url-status=live}}</ref> in Kodaikanal, was established in 1984 as a public university by the government of Tamil Nadu. The Mother Teresa Postgraduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mtihs.puducherry.gov.in|title=Mother Theresa Post Graduate And Research Institute of Health Sciences, Pondicherry|publisher=Mtihs.Pondicherry.gov.in|access-date=28 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324142422/http://mtihs.puducherry.gov.in/|archive-date=24 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> in Pondicherry, was established in 1999 by the government of Puducherry. The charitable organisation [[Organization:Sevalaya|Sevalaya]] runs the [[Organization:Sevalaya#Mother Teresa Girls Home|Mother Teresa Girls Home]], providing poor and orphaned girls near the underserved village of Kasuva in Tamil Nadu with free food, clothing, shelter and education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Activities: Children home |url=http://www.sevalaya.org/activities/vivekananda.php |publisher=Sevalaya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101114450/http://www.sevalaya.org/activities/vivekananda.php |archive-date=1 November 2014}}</ref> A number of tributes by Mother Teresa's biographer, Navin Chawla, have appeared in Indian newspapers and magazines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/08/26/stories/2006082604071000.htm |title=Memories of Mother Teresa |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=26 August 2006 |access-date=22 October 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523121959/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/08/26/stories/2006082604071000.htm |archive-date=23 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://india-today.com/itoday/15091997/navin.html|title=Touch the Poor&nbsp;...|publisher=India-today.com|date=15 September 1997|access-date=24 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903222551/http://india-today.com/itoday/15091997/navin.html|archive-date=3 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Navin Chawla|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Mission+possible/1/6961.html|title=Mission Possible|publisher=Indiatoday.digitaltoday.in|date=11 April 2008|access-date=24 August 2010|archive-date=18 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118023543/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Mission+possible/1/6961.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Indian Railways introduced the "Mother Express", a new train named after Mother Teresa, on 26 August 2010 to commemorate the centenary of her birth.<ref>{{cite web|title="Mother Express" to be launched on Aug 26 |work=IBN Live |date=2 August 2010 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/mother-express-to-be-launched-on-aug-26/194494.html |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812053510/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/mother-express-to-be-launched-on-aug-26/194494.html |archive-date=12 August 2011}}</ref> The Tamil Nadu government organised centenary celebrations honouring Mother Teresa on 4 December 2010 in Chennai, headed by chief minister M Karunanidhi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-04/india/28234679_1_hand-pulled-rickshaws-m-karunanidhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104032937/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-04/india/28234679_1_hand-pulled-rickshaws-m-karunanidhi|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|work=The Times of India|title=Centre could have done more for Mother Teresa: Karunanidhi|date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article166821.ece |title=Centenary Celebrations of Mother Teresa |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=5 December 2010 |access-date=28 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223013037/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article166821.ece |archive-date=23 February 2015}}</ref> Beginning on 5 September 2013, the anniversary of her death has been designated the International Day of Charity by the United Nations General Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charity contributes to the promotion of dialogue, solidarity and mutual understanding among people.|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/charityday|work=International Day of Charity: 5 September|publisher=United Nations|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711122746/http://www.un.org/en/events/charityday/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, Mother Teresa was ranked number 5 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-measure-of-the-man/281949|title=A Measure Of The Man|website=OutlookIndia Magazine|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501020655/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-measure-of-the-man/281949|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ave Maria University in Ave Maria, Florida is home to the Mother Teresa Museum.

===Film and literature===
====Documentaries and books====
* Mother Teresa is the subject of the 1969 documentary film and 1972 book, ''Something Beautiful for God'', by Malcolm Muggeridge.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Muggeridge|first1=Malcolm|title=Something beautiful for God : Mother Teresa of Calcutta|url=https://archive.org/details/somethingbeautif00muggrich|url-access=registration|date=1986|publisher=Harper & Row|location=New York|isbn=0-06-066043-0|edition=1st Harper & Row pbk.}}</ref> The film has been credited with drawing the Western world's attention to Mother Teresa.
* [[Biography:Christopher Hitchens|Christopher Hitchens]]' 1994 documentary, ''Hell's Angel'', argues that Mother Teresa urged the poor to accept their fate; the rich are portrayed as favoured by God.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/politics97/news/09/0905/teresa.shtml|title=Mother Teresa Dies|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 September 2011|archive-date=25 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125091810/http://www.bbc.co.uk/politics97/news/09/0905/teresa.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,138292,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824071928/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,138292,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 August 2010|magazine=Time|title=Seeker of Souls|date=24 June 2001|access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref> It was the precursor of Hitchens' essay, ''The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice''.
*''Mother of The Century'' (2001) and ''Mother Teresa'' (2002) are short documentary films, about the life and work of Mother Teresa among the poor of India, directed by Amar Kumar Bhattacharya. They were produced by the Films Division of the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mother of the Century |url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/mother-of-the-century |website=filmsdivision.org |access-date=3 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182431/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/mother-of-the-century |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mother Teresa |url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/mother-teresa |website=filmsdivision.org |access-date=3 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183040/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/mother-teresa |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''Mother Teresa: No Greater Love'' (2022) is a documentary film featuring unusual access to institutional archives and how her vision to serve Christ among the poor is being implemented through the Missionaries of Charity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mother Teresa: No Greater Love |url=https://www.odeon.co.uk/films/mother-teresa-no-greater-love/HO00003486/ |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=www.odeon.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>

====Dramatic films and television====
* Mother Teresa appeared in ''Bible Ki Kahaniyan'', an Indian Christian television series based on the Bible which aired on DD National during the early 1990s. She introduced some of the episodes, laying down the importance of the Bible's message.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/MxPFyvWSSz4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210519143415/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxPFyvWSSz4 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |title=Bible Ki Kahaniya – Noah's Ark |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxPFyvWSSz4 |language=en|publisher=Navodaya Studio|access-date=3 July 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Geraldine Chaplin played Mother Teresa in ''Mother Teresa: In the Name of God's Poor'', which received a 1997 Art Film Festival award.<ref>{{cite news|title=Actress draws on convent experience for 'Teresa' role|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/doc/418445934.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2005,%201997&author=Bart%20Mills.%20Special%20to%20the%20Tribune.&pub=Chicago%20Tribune&edition=&startpage=&desc=ACTRESS%20DRAWS%20ON%20CONVENT%20EXPERIENCE%20FOR%20`TERESA%27%20ROLE|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=1 February 2022|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101213653/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/doc/418445934.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Oct%2005%2C%201997&author=Bart%20Mills.%20Special%20to%20the%20Tribune.&pub=Chicago%20Tribune&edition=&startpage=&desc=ACTRESS%20DRAWS%20ON%20CONVENT%20EXPERIENCE%20FOR%20%60TERESA%27%20ROLE|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* She was played by Olivia Hussey in a 2003 Italian television miniseries, ''Mother Teresa of Calcutta''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greydanus|first1=Steven D.|title=Mother Teresa (2003) {{!}} Decent Films – SDG Reviews|url=http://decentfilms.com/reviews/motherteresa2003#continued|website=Decent Films|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725122929/http://decentfilms.com/reviews/motherteresa2003#continued|url-status=live}}</ref> Re-released in 2007, it received a CAMIE award.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMIE awards |url=http://www.camie.org/?c=events/2007_camies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706151020/http://www.camie.org/?c=events%2F2007_camies |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 July 2007 |access-date=31 December 2016 |date=6 July 2007 }}</ref>
* Mother Teresa was played by Juliet Stevenson in the 2014 film ''The Letters'', which was based on her letters to Vatican priest Celeste van Exem.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schager|first1=Nick|title=Film Review: 'The Letters'|url=https://www.variety.com/2015/film/reviews/the-letters-review-mother-teresa-biopic-1201653147|website=Variety|access-date=21 December 2016|date=4 December 2015|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221232847/http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/the-letters-review-mother-teresa-biopic-1201653147/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mother Teresa, played by Cara Francis the FantasyGrandma, rap battled [[Biography:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] in Epic Rap Battles of History, a comedy rap [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] series created by Nice Peter and Epic Lloyd. The rap was released on YouTube 22 September 2019.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/GoPn-YVAW8I Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190922170854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoPn-YVAW8I&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|last1=Battles of History|first1=Epic Rap|title= Mother Teresa vs Sigmund Freud. Epic Rap Battles of History|website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]]|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoPn-YVAW8I|access-date=5 November 2019|date=22 September 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* In the 2020 animated film ''Soul'', Mother Teresa briefly appears as one of 22's past mentors.
* ''Mother Teresa & Me'' (or ''Kavita & Teresa''), a 2022 film by Indian-Swiss director Kamal Musale showcases her work among the poor and needy of Calcutta and the legacy and inspiration she has left behind. She was portrayed by Jacqueline Fritschi-Cornaz in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mother Teresa And Me Movie Review : This film is a sincere effort but falls short of providing an immersive experience |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/movie-reviews/mother-teresa-and-me/movie-review/99990077.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-27 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==== Theatre ====

* ''Teresa, la Obra en Musical'' is a 2004 Argentine musical based on the life of Mother Teresa

==See also==
* Abdul Sattar Edhi
* Albanians
* List of Albanians
* List of female Nobel laureates
* The Greatest Indian
* Roman Catholicism in Albania
* Roman Catholicism in Kosovo
* Roman Catholicism in North Macedonia

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Alpion |first=Gezim |title=Mother Teresa: Saint or Celebrity? |location=London |publisher=Routledge Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-415-39247-1}}
* {{cite journal |last=Banerjee |first=Sumanta |year=2004 |title=Revisiting Kolkata as an 'NRB' [non-resident Bengali] |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=39 |issue=49 |date=4–10 December 2004 |pages=5203–5205 |jstor=4415860}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Benenate |editor-first1=Becky |editor-last2=Durepos |editor-first2=Joseph |title=Mother Teresa: No Greater Love |publisher=Fine Communications |year=2000 |isbn=1-56731-401-5}}
* {{cite news |last=Bindra |first=Satinder |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/09/04/mother.theresa.exorcism/index.html |title=Archbishop: Mother Teresa underwent exorcism |publisher=CNN |date=7 September 2001 |location=Kolkata |access-date=23 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217202014/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/09/04/mother.theresa.exorcism/index.html |archive-date=17 December 2006}}
* {{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Aroup |title=Mother Teresa: The Final Verdict |publisher=Meteor Books |year=2003 |isbn=81-88248-00-2}}, introduction and first three chapters of fourteen (without pictures). Critical examination of Agnes Bojaxhiu's life and work.
* {{cite book |last=Chawla |first=Navin |title=Mother Teresa |location=Rockport, MA |publisher=Element Books |year=1996 |isbn=1-85230-911-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Chawla |first=Navin |title=Mother Teresa: The Authorized Biography |publisher=Diane Pub Co |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-7567-5548-5}} First published by Sinclair-Stevenson, UK (1992), since translated into 14 languages in India and abroad. Indian language editions include [[Social:Hindi|Hindi]], Bengali, [[Social:Gujarati language|Gujarati]], Malayalam, [[Social:Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Social:Telugu language|Telugu]], and Kannada. The foreign language editions include French, German, [[Social:Dutch language|Dutch]], Spanish, Italian, [[Social:Polish language|Polish]], Japanese, and [[Social:Thai language|Thai]]. In both Indian and foreign languages, there have been multiple editions. The bulk of royalty income goes to charity.
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* {{cite news |last=Chawla |first=Navin |title=The path to Sainthood |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 October 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202033751/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/10/04/stories/2003100401101000.htm |archive-date=2008-12-02 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/10/04/stories/2003100401101000.htm |url-status=usurped}}
* {{cite news |last=Chawla |first=Navin |title=In the shadow of a saint |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202033751/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/10/04/stories/2003100401101000.htm |archive-date=2008-12-02 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/10/04/stories/2003100401101000.htm |url-status=usurped}}
* {{cite news |last=Chawla |first=Navin |title=Mother Teresa and the joy of giving |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828171234/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/26/stories/2008082655280900.htm |archive-date=2008-08-28 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/26/stories/2008082655280900.htm}}
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* {{cite book |last=Clucas |first=Joan |title=Mother Teresa |location=New York |publisher=Chelsea House |date=1988 |isbn=1-55546-855-1}}
* Dwivedi, Brijal. ''Mother Teresa: Woman of the Century''
* {{cite book |last1=Egan |first1=Eileen |last2=Egan |first2=Kathleen, OSB. |title=Prayertimes with Mother Teresa: A New Adventure in Prayer |publisher=Doubleday |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-385-26231-6}}.
* {{cite book |last=Greene |first=Meg |title=Mother Teresa: A Biography |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2004 |isbn=0-313-32771-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hitchens|first1=Christopher|url=|url-access=|title=The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice|location=London|publisher=Verso|year=1995|isbn=978-1-85984-054-2|access-date=}}
* {{cite journal|title=Mommie Dearest|journal=Slate|date=20 October 2003|last=Hitchens|first=Christopher|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2090083|access-date=5 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813005950/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2003/10/mommie_dearest.html|archive-date=13 August 2014}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kwilecki |first1=Susan |last2=Wilson |first2=Loretta S. |title=Was Mother Teresa Maximizing Her Utility? An Idiographic Application of Rational Choice Theory |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=37 |issue=2 |date=June 1998 |pages=205–221|doi=10.2307/1387521 |jstor=1387521 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Larivée |first1=Serge |last2=Sénéchal |first2=Carole |last3=Chénard |first3=Geneviève |title=Les côtés ténébreux de Mère Teresa |journal=Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses |date=September 2013 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=319–345 |doi=10.1177/0008429812469894 |s2cid=144593256 |lang=fr}}
* {{cite book |last=Le Joly |first=Edward |title=Mother Teresa of Calcutta |location=San Francisco |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1983 |isbn=0-06-065217-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Livermore |first=Colette |title=Hope Endures: Leaving Mother Teresa, Losing Faith, and Searching for Meaning |publisher=Free Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4165-9361-4}}
* {{cite journal |last=Macpherson |first=C. |year=2009 |title=Undertreating pain violates ethical principles |journal=Journal of Medical Ethics |volume=35 |issue=10 |date=October 2009 |pages=603–606|doi=10.1136/jme.2008.026443 |pmid=19793939 |s2cid=22447093 }}
* {{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Colman |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=6 September 1997 |title=Hailed for Mercy, Nobel Winner Aided the Poorest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/09/06/hailed-for-mercy-winner-of-nobel-aided-the-poorest/fa63522c-319d-4f27-abb8-8cf788ed2efc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229215512/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/09/06/hailed-for-mercy-winner-of-nobel-aided-the-poorest/fa63522c-319d-4f27-abb8-8cf788ed2efc/ |archive-date=2023-12-29 |department=Politics}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Vimla |last2=Mehta |first2=Veerendra Raj |title=Mother Teresa: Inspiring Incidents |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |year=2004 |isbn=81-230-1167-9}}.
* {{cite book |last=Muggeridge |first=Malcolm |title=Something Beautiful for God |location=London |publisher=Collins |year=1971 |isbn=0-06-066043-0}}.
* Muntaykkal, T.T. ''Blessed Mother Teresa: Her Journey to Your Heart''. {{ISBN|1-903650-61-5}}. {{ISBN|0-7648-1110-X}}. {{cite web|url=http://www.fish.co.uk/culture/books/1203/051203_mother_theresa.htm|title=Book Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154430/http://www.fish.co.uk/culture/books/1203/051203_mother_theresa.htm|archive-date=9 February 2006|url-status=dead}}.
* {{cite journal |last=Panke |first=Joan T. |year=2002 |title=Not a Sad Place |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |volume=102 |issue=9 |date=September 2002 |page=13|doi=10.1097/00000446-200209000-00004 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Rai |first1=Raghu |last2=Chawla |first2=Navin |author-link2=Navin Chawla |title=Faith and Compassion: The Life and Work of Mother Teresa |publisher=Element Books |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-85230-912-1}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rajagopal |first1=MR |last2=Joranson |first2=DE |last3=Gilson |first3=AM |title=Medical use, misuse and diversion of opioids in India |journal=The Lancet |volume=358 |date=14 July 2001 |issue=9276 |pages=139–143|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05322-3 |pmid=11463435 |s2cid=45686453 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rajagopal |first1=MR |last2=Joranson |first2=DE |year=2007 |title=India: Opioid availability – An update |journal=The Journal of Pain Symptom Management |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=615–622|doi=10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.028 |pmid=17482057 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite interview |last=Rajagopal |first=MR |interviewer=UN Office on Drugs and Crime |date=April 2011 |url=http://www.unodc.org/southasia/en/frontpage/2011/april/interview-m-r-rajagopal-access-to-opioids-for-palliative-care.html |title=India: The principle of balance to make opioids accessible for palliative care |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223010731/http://www.unodc.org/southasia/en/frontpage/2011/april/interview-m-r-rajagopal-access-to-opioids-for-palliative-care.html |archive-date=23 February 2014}}
* Scott, David. ''A Revolution of Love: The Meaning of Mother Teresa''. Chicago: Loyola Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-8294-2031-2}}.
* Sebba, Anne. ''Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image''. New York: Doubleday, 1997. {{ISBN|0-385-48952-8}}.
* Slavicek, Louise. ''Mother Teresa''. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007. {{ISBN|0-7910-9433-2}}.
* {{cite journal|title=Mother Teresa – Sacred Cow?|journal=The Freethinker|date=1 February 1980|last=Smoker|first=Barbara|url=http://freethinker.co.uk/2014/07/18/mother-teresa-sacred-cow/|access-date=5 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905221240/http://freethinker.co.uk/2014/07/18/mother-teresa-sacred-cow/|archive-date=5 September 2014}}
* Spink, Kathryn. ''Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography''. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. {{ISBN|0-06-250825-3}}
* Teresa, Mother et al., ''Mother Teresa: In My Own Words''. Gramercy Books, 1997. {{ISBN|0-517-20169-0}}.
* Teresa, Mother, ''Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light: The Private Writings of the "Saint of Calcutta"'', edited with commentary by Brian Kolodiejchuk, New York: Doubleday, 2007. {{ISBN|0-385-52037-9}}.
* Teresa, Mother, ''Where There Is Love, There Is God'', edited and with an introduction by Brian Kolodiejchuk, New York: Doubleday, 2010. {{ISBN|0-385-53178-8}}.
* Williams, Paul. '' Mother Teresa''. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002. {{ISBN|0-02-864278-3}}.
* Wüllenweber, Walter. "Nehmen ist seliger denn geben. Mutter Teresa – wo sind ihre Millionen?" ''Stern'' (illustrated German weekly), 10 September 1998. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091126154837/http://members.lycos.co.uk/bajuu/ English translation.]
{{refend}}

==External links==

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* [http://motherteresa.ru/gallery Mother Teresa memorial with gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819080815/http://motherteresa.ru/gallery |date=19 August 2012 }} {{in lang|ru}}
* {{Nobelprize}}
* {{NYTtopic|people/t/teresa_mother}}
* {{C-SPAN|34244}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212443/http://www.mcfathers.org/mother-teresa.html Mother Teresa] at Missionaries of Charity Fathers
* {{cite web |url= http://www.priestsforlife.org/brochures/mtspeech.html |title= Whatsoever You Do ...|work= Speech at National Prayer Breakfast |location=  Washington, D.C. |date= 3 February 1994 |publisher= Priests for Life }}
* {{cite journal |url= http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/faith-and-character/faith-and-character/still-small-voice.html |title= Still, Small Voice |first= Peggy |last= Noonan |journal= Crisis |volume= 16 |issue= 2 |date= Feb 1998 |pages= 12–17 |quote= Mother Teresa broke almost all the rules of good speech writing during her National Prayer Breakfast address in 1994, but delivered an enormously powerful and deeply memorable speech. |access-date= 5 March 2015 |archive-date= 11 September 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160911092119/http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/faith-and-character/faith-and-character/still-small-voice.html |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.commondreams.org/views/2007/10/22/mother-teresa-john-paul-ii-and-fast-track-saints |title= Mother Teresa, John Paul II, and the Fast-Track Saints |first= Michael |last= Parenti |website= Common Dreams |date= 22 October 2007 }}
* Mother Teresa contrasts:
** {{cite magazine |url= http://time.com/4126238/mother-teresas-crisis-of-faith/ |title= Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith |magazine= {{wipe|Time (magazine)}} |date= 23 August 2007 |first= David |last= Van Biema |quote= Jesus has a very special love for you. [But] as for me – The silence and the emptiness is so great – that I look and do not see, –Listen and do not hear.}}
** {{cite news |url= http://www.newskarnataka.com/features/from-sister-to-mother-to-saint-the-journey-of-mother-teresa |title= From Sister to Mother to Saint: The journey of Mother Teresa |publisher= News Karnataka |date= 31 August 2016 |quote= By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.}}

{{S-start}}

{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl|title = Superior General of the Missionaries of Charity |years=1950–1997}}
{{s-aft|after = Sister Nirmala Joshi, M.C.}}

{{s-ach|aw}}

{{s-bef|before = Genevieve Caulfield}}
{{s-ttl|title  = Ramon Magsaysay Award|years  = 1962}}
{{s-aft|after  = [[Organization:Peace Corps|Peace Corps]]}}

{{s-new|award}}
{{s-ttl|title  = Templeton Prize|years  = 1973}}
{{s-aft|after  = Frère Roger}}

{{s-bef|before = Anwar El Sadat, [[Biography:Menachem Begin|Menachem Begin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title  = Nobel Peace Prize|years  = 1979}}
{{s-aft|after  = [[Biography:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel|Adolfo Pérez Esquivel]]}}

{{s-bef|before = K. Kamaraj}}
{{s-ttl|title  = Bharat Ratna|years  = 1980}}
{{s-aft|after  = Vinoba Bhave}}

{{S-end}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Mother Teresa
|list =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Teresa, Mother}}
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mother Teresa}}