View source for Biography:Murder of George Floyd

{{Short description|2020 police murder in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US}}

{{Infobox civilian attack
| title            = Murder of George Floyd
| partof          = police brutality in the United States
| image            = George Floyd neck knelt on by police officer.png <!--Consensus image. Do not remove. See talk page FAQ.-->
| alt              = Police officer Derek Chauvin stares into the camera as he kneels on the neck of George Floyd, who is lying on his stomach on the street
| caption          = Frame from witness video, showing Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd's neck
| date             = {{Start date and age|2020|05|25}}
| time             = {{nobreak|{{circa|8:01–9:25&nbsp;pm}} [[Central Time Zone|CDT]]}} ([[UTC−05:00|UTC−5]])
| location         = Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
| coordinates      = {{Coord|44.93433|N|93.26244|W|type:event_region:US-MN|display=inline,title}}
| type             = {{hlist|[[Social:Murder|Murder]] by [[Social:Strangling|suffocation]]|[[Social:Police brutality|police brutality]]}}
| perps            = {{plainlist|
*Derek Michael Chauvin
*James Alexander Kueng
*Thomas Kiernan Lane
*Tou Nmn Thao
}}
| victim           = George Perry Floyd Jr., aged 46
| charges          = {{plainlist| 
*Thao: 
*'''State charges:''' 
*Aiding and abetting second-degree murder, aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter 
}}
| verdict          = {{plainlist| 
*'''Federal charges:''' 
*Chauvin: 
*Pleaded guilty 
*Lane, Kueng, Thao: 
*Guilty on all counts 
*'''State charges:''' 
*Chauvin: 
*Guilty on all counts 
*Lane and Kueng: 
*Pleaded guilty 
}}
| convictions      = {{plainlist| 
*'''Federal convictions:''' 
*Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, Thao: 
*Deprivation of rights under color of law resulting in death 
*Kueng, Thao: 
*Willfully failing to intervene to stop use of [[Social:Police brutality|unreasonable force]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=Three Former Minneapolis Police Officers Convicted of Federal Civil Rights Violations for Death of George Floyd|date=February 24, 2022 |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-former-minneapolis-police-officers-convicted-federal-civil-rights-violations-death |publisher=The United States Department of Justice}}</ref> 
*'''State convictions:''' 
*Chauvin: 
*{{nobreak|Second-degree murder, }} 
*{{nobreak|third-degree murder, and}} 
*{{nobreak|second-degree manslaughter}}<ref name=McCaskill>{{cite web |last1=McCaskill |first1=Nolan D. |last2=Forgey |first2=Quint |title=Derek Chauvin convicted of murdering George Floyd |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/20/derek-chauvin-trial-verdict-george-floyd-483535 |website=Politico |access-date=April 20, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Xiong>{{cite web |last1=Xiong |first1=Chao |last2=Walsh |first2=Paul |last3=Olson |first3=Rochelle |title=Derek Chauvin convicted of murder, manslaughter in death of George Floyd |url=https://www.startribune.com/derek-chauvin-convicted-of-murder-manslaughter-in-death-of-george-floyd/600047825/ |website=Minneapolis Star Tribune |access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref><ref name=Explainer>{{cite web |last1=Forliti |first1=Amy |title=What were charges against Chauvin in Floyd death? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/explainer-charges-chauvin-floyd-death-77195051 |website=ABC News |access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref> 
*Lane and Kueng: 
*Aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter{{efn|Lane and Kueng were originally charged with aiding and abetting both second-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter, but the former charges were dropped after plea deals.}}<ref name="Osborne">{{cite web|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/former-police-officer-thomas-lane-135800111.html|title=Former police officer Thomas Lane pleads guilty to manslaughter in killing of George Floyd |last1=Osborne |first1=Mark |last2=Hutchinson |first2=Bill |website=Yahoo! News |date=May 18, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":9" />}}
{{Infobox event|
| title = 
| child = yes
| trial       = {{Unbulleted list|''MN v. Chauvin'' 27-CR-20-12646|''MN v. Thao'' 27-CR-20-12949}}
| sentence = {{plainlist| 
*'''Federal sentences:''' 
*Chauvin: 
*21 years in prison<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/derek-chauvin-to-be-sentenced-on-federal-charges-for-george-floyds-killing/3292933/ |title=Chauvin Gets 21 Years for Violating Floyd's Civil Rights |first=Steve |last=Karnowski}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A federal judge accepts Derek Chauvin's plea deal and will sentence him to 20 to 25 years |website=CNN |date=May 4, 2022 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/04/us/derek-chauvin-sentence-federal-civil-rights-trial/index.html}}</ref> 
*Kueng: 
*3 years in prison<ref name="apnews.com">{{cite web |title=Ex-cops Kueng, Thao sentenced for violating Floyd's rights |website=Associated Press |date=July 27, 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-entertainment-minneapolis-thomas-lane-sentencing-f6fd908f4cebcc24157524ddee3ad433?taid=62e16007bfc7520001f93c63}}</ref> 
*Lane: 
*{{frac|2|1|2}} years in prison<ref name="lanesentence" /> 
*Thao: 
*{{frac|3|1|2}} years in prison<ref name="apnews.com"/> 
*'''State sentences:''' 
*Chauvin: 
*{{nobreak|{{frac|22|1|2}} years in prison}} 
*Kueng: 
*{{frac|3|1|2}} years in prison 
*Lane: 
*3 years in prison<ref name="startribune.com">{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=Rochelle |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Ex-MPD officer Thomas Lane pleads guilty to manslaughter charge for role in George Floyd's murder |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/ex-mpd-officer-thomas-lane-pleads-guilty-to-manslaughter-charge-for-role-in-george-floyds-murder/600174315/ |access-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref>
| litigation  = Civil lawsuit resulting in a $27&nbsp;million settlement
}}
}}
}}

On {{nowrap|May 25, 2020}}, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black<!--Consensus wording, do not modify--> man, was murdered in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white<!--Consensus wording, do not modify--> police officer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGreal |first1=Chris |title=Derek Chauvin found guilty of George Floyd's murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/20/derek-chauvin-verdict-guilty-murder-george-floyd |website={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=April 20, 2021 |date=April 20, 2021}}</ref> Floyd had been arrested after a store clerk alleged that Floyd made a purchase using a counterfeit $20 bill.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Nicholas|last1=Bogel-Burroughs|first2=Will|last2=Wright|title=Little has been said about the $20 bill that brought officers to the scene|date=April 19, 2021|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/19/us/george-floyd-bill-counterfeit.html|access-date=August 9, 2022|quote=Nearly a year after Mr. Floyd's death, it remains unclear where the bill came from and whether Mr. Floyd committed the crime that brought police officers to the scene.}}</ref> Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face-down in a street.<ref name="bbc2020-05-30" /><ref name="nyt2020-06-04">{{Cite news |last1=Barker |first1=Kim |last2=Eligon |first2=John |last3=Oppel |first3=Richard A. Jr. |last4=Furber |first4=Matt |date=June 4, 2020 |title=Officers Charged in George Floyd's Death Not Likely to Present United Front |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/george-floyd-police-records-chauvin.html|access-date=June 5, 2020 |issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605010435/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/george-floyd-police-records-chauvin.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=abc2020-06-03>{{Cite news |last1=Haworth |first1=Jon |last2=Torres |first2=Ella |last3=Pereira |first3=Ivan |date=June 3, 2020 |title=Floyd died of cardiopulmonary arrest, tested positive for COVID-19, autopsy shows |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-floyd-protest-updates-arrests-america-approaching-10000/story?id=71038665|access-date=June 6, 2020 |work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043836/https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-floyd-protest-updates-arrests-america-approaching-10000/story?id=71038665|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two other police officers, J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane, assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd. Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd's head prior to Floyd being put in handcuffs.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 11, 2020 |title=New police footage shows first complete view of George Floyd's death |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcGtHFluijI |website= |publisher=New York Post |via=YouTube}}</ref> A fourth police officer, Tou Thao, prevented bystanders from intervening.<ref name="npr2020-06-03">{{Cite news |last=Chappell |first=Bill |title=Chauvin And 3 Former Officers Face New Charges Over George Floyd's Death |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/03/868910542/chauvin-and-3-former-officers-face-new-charges-over-george-floyds-death |date=June 3, 2020 |access-date=June 5, 2020 |publisher=NPR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605183728/https://www.npr.org/2020/06/03/868910542/chauvin-and-3-former-officers-face-new-charges-over-george-floyds-death|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prior to being placed on the ground, Floyd had exhibited signs of [[Medicine:Anxiety|anxiety]], complaining about having [[Medicine:Claustrophobia|claustrophobia]], and being unable to breathe.<ref name=":0" /> After being restrained, he became more distressed, still complaining of breathing difficulties, of the knee on his neck, and of fear of imminent death.<ref name="bbc2020-05-30">{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52861726 |title=George Floyd: What happened in the final moments of his life |date=May 30, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605073814/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52861726|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> After several minutes, Floyd stopped speaking.<ref name="bbc2020-05-30"/> For the last few minutes, he lay motionless and Officer Kueng found no pulse when urged to check.<ref name=abc2020-05-29>{{Cite news |last=Thorbecke |first=Catherine |date=May 29, 2020 |title=Derek Chauvin had his knee on George Floyd's neck for nearly 9 minutes, complaint says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/derek-chauvin-knee-george-floyds-neck-minutes-complaint/story?id=70961042|access-date=June 5, 2020 |work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605020604/https://abcnews.go.com/US/derek-chauvin-knee-george-floyds-neck-minutes-complaint/story?id=70961042|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cnbc2020-06-03">{{Cite news |last1=Higgins |first1=Tucker |last2=Mangan |first2=Dan |date=June 3, 2020 |title=3 more cops charged in George Floyd death, other officer's murder charge upgraded |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/03/3-more-cops-charged-in-george-floyd-death-other-officers-murder-charge-upgraded.html|access-date=June 5, 2020 |publisher={{wipe|CNBC}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604093653/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/03/3-more-cops-charged-in-george-floyd-death-other-officers-murder-charge-upgraded.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders to lift his knee from Floyd's neck.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spocchia |first1=Gino |title=George Floyd: New footage shows officer ignoring onlooker's calls not to let him die |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/george-floyd-death-news-new-footage-police-officer-a9566126.html |access-date=November 4, 2021 |work=The Independent |date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023103617/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/george-floyd-death-news-new-footage-police-officer-a9566126.html |archive-date=October 23, 2021}}</ref>

The following day, after videos made by witnesses and security cameras became public, all four officers were fired.<ref name="mp2020-06-01"/> Two autopsies, and one autopsy review, found Floyd's death to be a homicide.<ref name="homicides">{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Hennepin County Medical Examiner declares George Floyd death homicide |url=https://www.fox9.com/news/hennepin-county-medical-examiner-declares-george-floyd-death-homicide|access-date=June 2, 2020 |website=FOX 9 |quote=The updated report states that on May 25, George Floyd experienced a cardiopulmonary arrest while being restrained by law enforcement officer(s).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603024051/https://www.fox9.com/news/hennepin-county-medical-examiner-declares-george-floyd-death-homicide|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=FOX9 />  On March 12, 2021, Minneapolis agreed to pay US$27 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit brought by Floyd's family.  On April 20, Chauvin was convicted of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter,<ref name=Explainer /><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Arango|first1=Tim|last2=Dewan|first2=Shaila|last3=Eligon|first3=John|last4=Bogel-Burroughs|first4=Nicholas|date=April 20, 2021|title=Derek Chauvin is found guilty of murdering George Floyd.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/20/us/chauvin-guilty-murder-george-floyd.html|access-date=April 20, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and sentenced to 22.5 years in prison on June 25.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/ex-police-officer-derek-chauvin-sentenced-to-over-22-years-for-george-floyd|title=Ex-police officer Derek Chauvin sentenced to over 22 years in jail for George Floyd murder|website=The Straits Times (Singapore)|date=June 26, 2021|access-date=June 26, 2021}}</ref> All four officers faced federal civil rights charges.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Mannix|first=Andy|date=November 29, 2021|title=Former Minneapolis officers should be tried together in federal case, says magistrate judge|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/former-minneapolis-officers-should-tried-together-federal-civil-rights-case-magistrate-judge/600121975/|access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> In December 2021, Chauvin pled guilty to federal charges of violating Floyd's civil rights by using unreasonable force and ignoring his serious medical distress.<ref name=Forliti1215/><ref name=Hutchinson/> The other three officers were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jury-reaches-verdict-federal-trial-3-officers-george-floyds-killing-rcna17237|title=3 officers found guilty on federal charges in George Floyd's killing|website=NBC News|last=Silva|first=Daniella|date=February 24, 2022}}</ref> Lane pleaded guilty in May 2022 to a state charge for aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter<ref name=":5" /> and on September 21, 2022, was sentenced to three years in prison to be served concurrently with his 2.5-year federal sentence.<ref> 
{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/21/us/george-floyd-thomas-lane-minneapolis.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare|title=Former Minneapolis Officer Sentenced to Three Years in George Floyd Case|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=September 21, 2022}}</ref> Kueng pleaded guilty on October 24, 2022, to the state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter and was sentenced to 42 months in prison, to be served concurrently with his federal sentence.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Hyatt |first=Kim |date=2022-12-09 |title=Former Minneapolis officer J. Alexander Kueng sentenced in George Floyd's killing |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/former-minneapolis-officer-j-alexander-kueng-sentenced-for-aiding-george-floyds-killing/600234527/ |access-date=2022-12-09}}</ref> Thao waived his right to a jury trial on the state charge in lieu of a review of the evidence and a determination by a judge, with a verdict to be delivered within 90 days after January 31, 2023.<ref name=":13" />

Floyd's murder led to worldwide protests against [[Social:Police brutality|police brutality]], police racism, and lack of [[Social:Police accountability|police accountability]].<ref name="CNN 2020">{{cite web | title=Protests across the globe after George Floyd's death | publisher=CNN | date=June 6, 2020 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/06/world/gallery/intl-george-floyd-protests/index.html | access-date=September 14, 2020 | archive-date=September 17, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917061449/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/06/world/gallery/intl-george-floyd-protests/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date=June 1, 2020 |title=George Floyd death: Violence erupts on sixth day of protests |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52872401 |website=BBC News |access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606172814/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52872401|archive-date=June 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

==People involved==
<!-- Biographies linked from here in accordance with MOS:REPEATLINK as helpful to reader and first occurrence after lead. -->

===George Floyd===
George Perry Floyd Jr. was a 46-year-old black American born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and raised in the Third Ward<ref name=RichmondMay28th>{{Cite web |last=Richmond |first=Todd |title=Who was George Floyd? Unemployed due to coronavirus, he'd moved to Minneapolis for a fresh start. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-george-floyd-biography-20200528-y3l67rrmfnb3dh4x3i5iipneq4-story.html|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=Chicago Tribune |date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603020616/https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-george-floyd-biography-20200528-y3l67rrmfnb3dh4x3i5iipneq4-story.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> of Houston, Texas.<ref name="WCCO">{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Esme |date=May 26, 2020 |title='I Can't Breathe!': Video Of Fatal Arrest Shows Minneapolis Officer Kneeling On George Floyd's Neck For Several Minutes |publisher=WCCO-TV |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/george-floyd-man-dies-after-being-arrested-by-minneapolis-police-fbi-called-to-investigate/|url-status=live |access-date=May 26, 2020 |quote=While lying facedown on the road, Floyd repeatedly groans and says he can't breathe.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526170730/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/george-floyd-man-dies-after-being-arrested-by-minneapolis-police-fbi-called-to-investigate/|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Gill>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 27, 2020 |title=In Houston, friends and family mourn 'gentle giant' George Floyd amid calls for murder charges for cops |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/george-floyd-family-police-video-death-minneapolis-15298275.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528225706/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/george-floyd-family-police-video-death-minneapolis-15298275.php|archive-date=May 28, 2020|access-date=May 29, 2020 |website=Houston Chronicle}}</ref><ref name=bbc_52871936>{{Cite news |date=May 31, 2020 |title=An athlete, friend and father – who was George Floyd? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52871936 |first=Boer |last=Deng |access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603074429/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52871936|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area.<ref name="AJC">{{cite news |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/victim-police-encounter-had-started-new-life-minnesota/rMmT2wipeQFNnsypmh6oBL/ |title=Floyd's brother tearfully asked for justice and peace following the 46-year-old bouncer's death Thursday |last=Toone |first=Stephanie |date=May 29, 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |access-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528221125/https://www.ajc.com/news/victim-police-encounter-had-started-new-life-minnesota/rMmT2wipeQFNnsypmh6oBL/|archive-date=May 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He resided in the nearby suburb of St. Louis Park, and was a frequent customer at the Cup Foods convenience store in Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis.<ref name="Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas and Healy, Jack (June 15, 2020)">{{cite news |last1=Bogel-Burroughs |first1=Nicholas |last2=Healy |first2=Jack |date=June 15, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/cup-foods-minneapolis-george-floyd.html |title=Cup Foods, a Minneapolis Corner Store Forever Tied to the Death of George Floyd |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617001915/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/cup-foods-minneapolis-george-floyd.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Derek Chauvin===
At the time of Floyd's murder, Derek Michael Chauvin, a white American,<ref name="abc7news_6236151">{{cite news |last1=Condon |first1=Bernard |last2=Richmond |first2=Todd |title=Minneapolis requires cops to stop unreasonable force, but officers in George Floyd's arrest didn't intervene |date=June 7, 2020 |website=ABC7news.com |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abc7news.com/j-alexander-kueng-thomas-lane-tou-thao-derek-chauvin/6236151/ |access-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630061439/https://abc7news.com/j-alexander-kueng-thomas-lane-tou-thao-derek-chauvin/6236151/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was a 44-year-old police officer in the Minneapolis Police Department. He had served in the department since 2001.<ref name="StarTribune2020-04-27">{{Cite news |last=Mannix |first=Andy |date=May 26, 2020 |title=What we know about Derek Chauvin and Tou Thao, two of the officers caught on tape in the death of George Floyd |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/what-we-know-about-derek-chauvin-and-tou-thao-two-of-the-officers-caught-on-tape-in-the-death-of-george-floyd/570777632/|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527041830/https://www.startribune.com/what-we-know-about-derek-chauvin-and-tou-thao-two-of-the-officers-caught-on-tape-in-the-death-of-george-floyd/570777632/|archive-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref><ref name="theguardian_20200528_george">{{Cite news |last=Evelyn |first=Kenya |date=May 28, 2020 |title=George Floyd killing: two officers involved previously reviewed for use of force |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/28/george-floyd-killing-officers-derek-chauvin-tou-thao-investigated|access-date=June 4, 2020 |issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605054749/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/28/george-floyd-killing-officers-derek-chauvin-tou-thao-investigated|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Chauvin and Floyd sometimes worked overlapping shifts as security guards for a local nightclub, but the club's former owner was unsure of the extent of their acquaintance.<ref name="nuevo">{{cite news |access-date=May 29, 2020 |url=https://kstp.com/news/george-floyd-fired-officer-overlapped-security-shifts-at-south-minneapolis-club-may-28-2020/5743990/ |title=George Floyd, fired officer overlapped security shifts at south Minneapolis club |work=ABC 5 Eyewitness News |via=KSTP.com |location=Minneapolis, MN |date=May 28, 2020 |last1=Lastra |first1=Ana |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Eric |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529005628/https://kstp.com/news/george-floyd-fired-officer-overlapped-security-shifts-at-south-minneapolis-club-may-28-2020/5743990/ |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="apnews_20200529">{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/af48a809881976ddd3bf6dbb225eb538 |title=The Latest: Attorneys seek outside probe of Floyd's death |date=May 29, 2020 |work=Associated Press |access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529165026/https://apnews.com/af48a809881976ddd3bf6dbb225eb538|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Tou Thao===
Tou Thao, a Hmong-American,<ref>{{cite news |last=Yam |first=Kimmy |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/officer-who-stood-george-floyd-died-asian-american-we-need-n1221311 |title=Officer who stood by as George Floyd died highlights complex Asian American, black relations |publisher=NBC News |access-date=December 1, 2020 |date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126200429/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/officer-who-stood-george-floyd-died-asian-american-we-need-n1221311 |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> was aged 34 at the time of Floyd's murder and started as a part-time community service officer in 2008. He graduated from the police academy in 2009. After a two-year layoff, he resumed police work in 2012.<ref name=StarTribune2020-04-27/><ref name=abc7_6229951>{{Cite web |last1=Condon |first1=Bernard |last2=Richmond |first2=Todd |last3=Sisak |first3=Michael R. |date=June 3, 2020 |title=What to know about 4 officers charged in George Floyd's death |url=https://abc7.com/6229951/|access-date=June 4, 2020 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605004540/https://abc7.com/6229951/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Six complaints had been filed against Thao, none resulting in disciplinary action. In 2014, a man claimed Thao handcuffed him without cause, threw him to the ground, and punched, kicked, and kneed him; the man's teeth were broken and he was hospitalized.<ref name=StarTribune2020-04-27/><ref name=voxofficers>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276049/derek-chauvin-tou-thao-kueng-lane-officers-george-floyd-what-we-know |title=What we know about the officers involved in George Floyd's death |date=May 31, 2020 |first=Catherine |last=Kim |access-date=June 1, 2020 |website=Vox.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604101614/https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276049/derek-chauvin-tou-thao-kueng-lane-officers-george-floyd-what-we-know|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The resulting lawsuit was settled for $25,000.<ref name=StarTribune2020-04-27/>  Thao kept bystanders away and has been found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.<ref name="bbc25/2/2022">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-60512531 |date=February 24, 2022 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |title=Ex-police officers guilty in George Floyd death | work=BBC News }}</ref>

===J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane===
James Alexander Kueng, a Black<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Karnowski |first=Steve |date=2023-02-01 |title=Fate of last ex-cop charged in Floyd murder lies with judge |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-crime-tou-thao-minneapolis-263512b6e2d477a67c39edd85f42aa7d |access-date=2023-02-05}}</ref> American then aged 26, and Thomas Kiernan Lane, a White<ref name=":13" /> American then aged 37,<ref name="BBC-News">{{cite news|date=June 8, 2020|title=George Floyd: What we know about the officers charged over his death|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52969205|url-status=live|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616115837/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52969205|archive-date=June 16, 2020}}</ref><ref name="lie_low">{{Cite news |last=Bjorhus |first=Jennifer |date=May 30, 2020 |title=Derek Chauvin in custody; other officers lay low |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/a-deeper-look-at-the-four-officers-fired-after-george-floyd-death/570885592/ |url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603011808/https://www.startribune.com/a-deeper-look-at-the-four-officers-fired-after-george-floyd-death/570885592/ |archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref name="chaotic scene">{{Cite news|last1=Bailey|first1=Holly|last2=Shammas|first2=Brittany|last3=Bellware|first3=Kim|date=May 28, 2020|title=Chaotic scene in Minneapolis after second night of protests over death of George Floyd|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/27/george-floyd-minneapolis-reaction/|url-status=live|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528222545/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/27/george-floyd-minneapolis-reaction/|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> were licensed as law enforcement officers in August 2019.<ref name="lie_low"/><ref name="WSJMay28">{{Cite news |last1=Ailworth |first1=Erin |first3=Ben |last3=Kesling |first2=Sadie |last2=Gurman |date=May 29, 2020 |title=Minneapolis Police Station Set on Fire as George Floyd Protests Intensify |newspaper={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/minneapolis-protests-over-george-floyd-death-escalate-and-spread-11590676810|access-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529172744/https://www.wsj.com/articles/minneapolis-protests-over-george-floyd-death-escalate-and-spread-11590676810|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> They had trained together.<ref name=XiongSeptember13th>{{cite news |first=Chao |last=Xiong |title=Former officer's failure to stop the deadly restraint of George Floyd leaves friends perplexed |website=Star Tribune |date=September 13, 2020 |url=https://www.startribune.com/former-officer-s-failure-to-stop-the-deadly-restraint-of-george-floyd-leaves-friends-perplexed/572395702/ |access-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204081940/https://www.startribune.com/former-officer-s-failure-to-stop-the-deadly-restraint-of-george-floyd-leaves-friends-perplexed/572395702/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Chauvin was the superior officer responsible for the majority of Kueng's field training.<ref name=XiongSeptember13th /> On May 3, 2020, video of an arrest incident in Minneapolis showed Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and another officer roughly detaining a man on the ground as bystanders pleaded for the officers to show mercy. Kueng and Lane were with Chauvin as the day was part of their field training. The man, whom they detained wrongfully, said he had trouble breathing, and the incident was later said to be similar to the arrest of George Floyd on May 25, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mannix|first=Andy|date=February 2, 2021|title=Video: Weeks before pinning George Floyd, three of the same officers roughly detained the wrong man|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/video-weeks-before-pinning-george-floyd-three-of-the-same-officers-roughly-detained-the-wrong-man/600018251/|url-status=live|access-date=February 12, 2021|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142424/https://www.startribune.com/video-weeks-before-pinning-george-floyd-three-of-the-same-officers-roughly-detained-the-wrong-man/600018251/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Vancleave|first=Mark|date=February 2, 2021|title=Video: Officers involved in George Floyd's death used similar methods before|work=Star Tribune|url=https://video.startribune.com/video-officers-involved-in-george-floyds-death-used-similar-methods-before/600018239/|url-status=live|access-date=February 12, 2021|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203021106/https://video.startribune.com/video-officers-involved-in-george-floyds-death-used-similar-methods-before/600018239/}}</ref> Kueng and Lane were in their first week as Minneapolis police officers when Floyd was murdered.<ref name="nbcnews_1225136">{{Cite news|last=Madani|first=Doha|date=June 4, 2020|title=Ex-Minneapolis cop told other officers 'you shouldn't do this' during George Floyd's arrest, lawyer says|publisher=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ex-minneapolis-cop-told-other-officers-you-shouldn-t-do-n1225136|url-status=live|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605030440/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ex-minneapolis-cop-told-other-officers-you-shouldn-t-do-n1225136|archive-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name="BBC-News" />  Lane's application to join the police department had portions covering his prior criminal history redacted, including convictions for obstructing legal process and damaging property when he was 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/fired-minneapolis-police-officer-thomas-lane-had-criminal-record-2020-6 |first=Haven |last=Orecchio-Egresitz |date=June 5, 2020 |work=Insider Inc. |title = One of the officers charged in George Floyd's killing was hired despite having a criminal record and slew of traffic violations}}</ref>  Kueng and Lane helped Chauvin to hold Floyd down; both were found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.<ref name="bbc25/2/2022"/> In October 2022, Keung pleaded guilty to aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter and in December 2022, he was sentenced to three and a half years in jail.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=George Floyd: Ex-officer J Alexander Kueng sentenced for manslaughter |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63923234 |access-date=2022-12-10}}</ref>

== Arrest and murder ==
=== Initial events ===
[[File:George Floyd Memorial at Chicago Avenue & 38th Street (49952803788)x.jpg|thumb|upright=1.7|The intersection of Chicago Avenue and {{nowrap|E. 38th Street}} on {{nowrap|May 30}}, where Floyd was murdered just left of the awning|alt=Corner store near site of Floyd's murder with crowd of protesters]] On the evening of May 25, 2020, sometime before 8:00&nbsp;pm, Floyd purchased cigarettes at Cup Foods, a grocery store at the intersection of East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis. A store employee believed Floyd had paid with a counterfeit $20 bill.<ref name="WPtimeline">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/30/video-timeline-george-floyd-death/ |title=The death of George Floyd: What video and other records show about his final minutes |first1=Dalton |last1=Bennett |first2=Joyce |last2=Lee |first3=Sarah |last3=Cahlan |date=May 30, 2020 |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |access-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-date=December 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214070612/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/30/video-timeline-george-floyd-death/?arc404=true |url-status=live }} ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMGUAHBFmjk video @ YouTube] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602015831/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMGUAHBFmjk |date=June 2, 2020 }})</ref><ref name="NYTtimeline">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html |title=8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody |first1=Evan |last1=Hill |first2=Ainara |last2=Tiefenthäler |first3=Christiaan |last3=Triebert |first4=Drew |last4=Jordan |first5=Haley |last5=Willis |first6=Robin |last6=Stein |date=May 31, 2020 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |access-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605164644/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}} ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vksEJR9EPQ8 video @ YouTube] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601201906/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vksEJR9EPQ8 |date=June 1, 2020 }})</ref> Employees of the store approached Floyd while he was in his vehicle{{r|WPtimeline|at=1:25}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=1:33}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Harriet |date=June 3, 2020 |title=What happened on the night of George Floyd's arrest and death? |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/george-floyd-death-video-arrest-what-happened/|access-date=June 3, 2020 |issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603173922/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/george-floyd-death-video-arrest-what-happened/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and demanded that Floyd return the cigarettes; he refused.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=1:43}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} A store employee called the police to report that Floyd had passed "fake bills", was "awfully drunk", and "not in control of himself".{{r|WPtimeline|at=1:33}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=1:51}} The store owner said later that most patrons who pay in counterfeit bills do not realise they are fake, and that the store called the police to "make sure there is no crime being committed".<ref name=cbslocal_20200528_owner>{{cite news |access-date=June 9, 2020 |last=Chapman |first=Reg |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/28/owner-of-cup-foods-where-police-first-encountered-george-floyd-calls-for-justice/ |url-status=live |title=Owner Of Cup Foods, Where Police First Encountered George Floyd, Calls For Justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529090344/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/28/owner-of-cup-foods-where-police-first-encountered-george-floyd-calls-for-justice/ |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |work=WCCO CBS Minnesota |date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> The interaction between Floyd and the employees was recorded by the restaurant's security camera.{{r|WPtimeline|at=0:49}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=1:24}}<ref name="DragonWokVideo">{{cite video |work=NBC News |date=June 1, 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDd5GlrgvsE |title=New Security Video Shows Events Leading Up To George Floyd's Arrest|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604101553/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDd5GlrgvsE|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn
|Footage begins at 7:50&nbsp;pm{{r|WPtimeline|at=0:55}} The timestamp on the video is 24 minutes ahead of actual time, according to the restaurant's owner.{{r|WPtimeline|at=1:03}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=1:29}}
}}{{external media
| float = right | width = 20em
| video1 = {{YouTube|link=no|id=NjKjaCvXdf4&bpctr=1600963299|title=Raw police bodycam footage beginning at approximately 8:09{{nbsp}}p.m.}} {{nobreak|(1 hr 5 mins)}}
}}

At 8:08, Kueng and Lane arrived, briefly entering Cup Foods before crossing the street to Floyd's SUV,{{r|WPtimeline|at=1:41}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=2:00}} parked in front of a Dragon Wok Minneapolis restaurant. Lane tapped his flashlight on the window, startling Floyd.<ref name=haley_08112020>{{cite news|first1=Haley|last1=Willis|first2=Evan|last2=Hill|first3=Robin|last3=Stein|first4=Christiaan|last4=Triebert|first5=Ben|last5=Laffin|first6=Drew|last6=Jordan|title=New Footage Shows Delayed Medical Response to George Floyd|date=August 11, 2020|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/11/us/george-floyd-body-cam-full-video.html|access-date=August 14, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815122140/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/11/us/george-floyd-body-cam-full-video.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|website=NBC29.com|publisher=CNN|date=August 11, 2020|title=GRAPHIC: Court releases body cam footage from George Floyd arrest|url=https://www.nbc29.com/2020/08/11/graphic-court-releases-body-cam-footage-george-floyd-arrest/|access-date=August 14, 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=October 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004145922/https://www.nbc29.com/2020/08/11/graphic-court-releases-body-cam-footage-george-floyd-arrest/|url-status=dead }}</ref> He asked Floyd to show his hands, and tapped again when he did not obey. Floyd apologized as he opened the car door. Lane instructed him three more times to show his hands. Seconds after the door opened, he drew his gun and ordered Floyd to show his hands.<ref name=haley_08112020/> When Floyd complied, Lane holstered his weapon.{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 16, 2020|title=The last 30 minutes of George Floyd's life|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52861726|access-date=July 24, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605073814/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52861726|url-status=live}}</ref> Someone parked behind Floyd's SUV began recording a video at 8:10.{{r|WPtimeline|at=1:56}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=2:28}}<!--Please add video from bystander in the Mercury if it is published.--> They briefly struggled,{{r|WPtimeline|at=2:10}} and Lane pulled Floyd from the SUV and handcuffed him.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=2:20}} Two other people who were riding in the car with Floyd, including 45-year-old Shawanda Hill, were interrogated. At 8:12, Kueng sat Floyd on the sidewalk against the wall in front of the restaurant.{{r|WPtimeline|at=2:22}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=2:33}}

Lane asked Floyd if he was "on something right now", and Floyd replied "No, nothing". Kueng told Floyd he was acting "real erratic" and Floyd said that he was scared. Kueng asked Floyd about foam around his mouth, to which Floyd responded that he had been "hooping"{{efn|''{{wipe|The Washington Post}}'', the ''Star Tribune'', and the ''Associated Press'' suggest "hooping" is a reference to basketball.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bailey|first=Holly|date=July 15, 2020|title=New police video reveals George Floyd's desperate pleas before his death|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-video-reveals-george-floyds-desperate-pleas-before-his-death/2020/07/15/c81e9d3c-c6b4-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|access-date=March 17, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228001545/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-video-reveals-george-floyds-desperate-pleas-before-his-death/2020/07/15/c81e9d3c-c6b4-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{r|Olson}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Forliti|first=Amy|date=July 9, 2020|title=Officer to Floyd: 'It takes ... a lot of oxygen to talk'|url=https://apnews.com/article/24f07a3f4c803166a4292c774f451f25|work=Associated Press|access-date=March 20, 2021|archive-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129173148/https://apnews.com/article/24f07a3f4c803166a4292c774f451f25|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''{{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}'', ''The Sunday Times'', and ''[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]]'' suggest "hooping" is a reference to drug use.<ref>{{cite web|last=Read|first=Richard|date=August 20, 2020|title=Attorney for Minneapolis police officer says he'll argue George Floyd died of an overdose and a heart condition|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-08-20/george-floyd-derek-chauvin-defense|website={{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}|access-date=March 17, 2021|archive-date=March 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328175200/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-08-20/george-floyd-derek-chauvin-defense|url-status=live}}</ref>{{r|Times}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Turley|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Turley|date=March 17, 2021|title=George Floyd death: If Derek Chauvin is acquitted, the three other cases could collapse|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/03/17/george-floyd-death-derek-chauvin-trial-column/4706010001/|website=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]]|access-date=March 20, 2021|archive-date=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320150206/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/03/17/george-floyd-death-derek-chauvin-trial-column/4706010001/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} earlier.<ref name="Olson">{{Cite news|last=Olson|first=Rochelle|date=July 9, 2020|title=Body camera transcripts: George Floyd repeatedly begged police not to kill him|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/george-floyd-repeatedly-begged-police-for-his-life-in-transcripts-of-minneapolis-police-body-cameras/571683252/|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183658/https://www.startribune.com/george-floyd-repeatedly-begged-police-for-his-life-in-transcripts-of-minneapolis-police-body-cameras/571683252/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="st2020-07-16">{{Cite news|date=July 16, 2020|title=Read the transcript of J. Alexander Kueng's body camera footage during George Floyd call|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/read-the-transcript-of-j-alexander-kueng-s-body-camera-footage-during-george-floydc-call/571679041/|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=July 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722020911/https://www.startribune.com/read-the-transcript-of-j-alexander-kueng-s-body-camera-footage-during-george-floydc-call/571679041/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Times">{{Cite news|last=Glancy|first=Josh|date=August 9, 2020|title=George Floyd: murder conviction is far from certain, warn legal experts|work=The Sunday Times|via=The Times online|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/george-floyd-murder-conviction-is-far-from-certain-warn-legal-experts-pg6dmrqw7|access-date=August 19, 2020|issn=0140-0460|url-access=subscription|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819182201/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/george-floyd-murder-conviction-is-far-from-certain-warn-legal-experts-pg6dmrqw7|url-status=live}}</ref> Floyd then said he was calming down, and remarked, "I'm feeling better now."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Uren|first=Adam|date=July 8, 2020|title=Bodycam transcript reveals what was said between ex-officers, George Floyd|work=BRING ME THE NEWS|url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-news/bodycam-transcript-reveals-what-was-said-between-ex-officers-george-floyd|url-status=live|access-date=July 8, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209201539/https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-news/bodycam-transcript-reveals-what-was-said-between-ex-officers-george-floyd}}</ref>

At 8:13,{{r|WPtimeline|at=2:30}} Kueng and Lane told Floyd he was under arrest and walked him to their police car across the street.{{r|abc2020-06-03}} The officers then leaned him against the car's door.{{r|WPtimeline|at=2:42}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=3:00}} Floyd told the officers that he was not resisting, but that he was recovering from [[Medicine:COVID-19|COVID-19]], that he was [[Medicine:Claustrophobia|claustrophobic]] and had [[Medicine:Anxiety|anxiety]], and that he did not want to sit in the car.{{r|nyt2020-06-04}}{{r|abc2020-06-03}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=3:10}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Police Bodycam Video Shows George Floyd's Distress During Fatal Arrest|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/07/15/891516654/police-bodycam-video-provides-fuller-picture-of-george-floyds-fatal-arrest |first=Jon |last=Collins |access-date=July 25, 2020 |work=NPR |language=en|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724120454/https://www.npr.org/2020/07/15/891516654/police-bodycam-video-provides-fuller-picture-of-george-floyds-fatal-arrest |date=July 15, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> While Kueng and Lane attempted to put him in the car, Floyd begged them not to, repeatedly saying "[[Biology:I can't breathe|I can't breathe]]" and offering to lie on the ground instead.{{r|abc2020-06-03}}<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Jon|date=July 15, 2020|title=George Floyd killing: Police bodycam video details fatal arrest|work=MPR News|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/15/george-floyd-killing-police-bodycam-video-details-fatal-arrest|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805091330/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/15/george-floyd-killing-police-bodycam-video-details-fatal-arrest|url-status=live}}</ref> A Minneapolis Park Police officer arrived and guarded Floyd's vehicle (across the street by the restaurant) and the two people who had been in it with Floyd.{{r|WPtimeline|at=2:53}}<ref name="MPDBodycamVideo">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rgxt0FdI7c |title=George Floyd: Minneapolis police release bodycam footage near in-custody death |work=ABC 7 |date=May 28, 2020 |access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529190846/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rgxt0FdI7c|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

At 8:17, Chauvin and Thao arrived in a third police car joining Kueng and Lane{{r|WPtimeline|at=3:32}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=3:27}} with Chauvin assuming command.{{r|nyt2020-06-04}} He asked if Floyd was going to jail, and Kueng replied that he was arrested for forgery.<ref name="Olson" /> Floyd said "I can't fucking breathe" twice.<ref name="st2020-07-16" /> Around 8:18, security footage from Cup Foods shows Kueng struggling with Floyd for at least a minute in the driver side backseat while Thao watches.{{r|WPtimeline|at=3:54}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=3:49}}<!--Please add Cup Foods security video if published.--> According to ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'', at 8:19, Chauvin pulled Floyd across the backseat from the driver side to the passenger side.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=3:56}} Then, according to NPR, Floyd exited the vehicle while being pulled out by police<ref name=":0"/> and falling to the pavement.{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}

===Chauvin kneels on Floyd's neck===
{{external media
| float = right | width = 20em
| video1 = {{YouTube|link=no|id=g8hGKB5QDhw|title=Witness video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck}} {{nobr|(10 min 8 s)}}
}}
While Floyd lay on his chest with his cheek to the ground, Chauvin knelt on his neck.<ref name=":0"/> Floyd stopped moving around 8:20, though he was still conscious.{{r|WPtimeline|at=4:10}}
Multiple witnesses began to film the encounter, and their videos were circulated widely on the internet.{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=4:06}} At 8:20, a witness across the street began recording a video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck, Kueng applying pressure to Floyd's torso, and Lane applying pressure to Floyd's legs, while Thao stood nearby.{{r|WPtimeline|at=4:13}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=4:11}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} This witness stopped filming when one of the officers ordered him to leave.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=4:35}} Also at 8:20, a second person, standing near the entrance of Cup Foods, began recording the incident.{{r|WPtimeline|at=4:26}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=5:08}}{{r|WCCO}} Floyd can be heard repeatedly saying "I can't breathe", "Please", and "Mama";{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}{{r|WPtimeline|at=4:44}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=4:28}} Lane then asked for an ambulance for Floyd, "for one bleeding from the mouth".<ref name="st2020-07-16" /> Floyd repeated at least 16 times that he could not breathe.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=5:46}} At one point a witness said: "You got him down. Let him breathe."<ref name=Nawaz>{{cite news |last1=Nawaz |first1=Amna |title=What we know about George Floyd's death in Minneapolis police custody |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-know-about-george-floyds-death-in-minneapolis-police-custody |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=PBS Newshour |date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527171813/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-know-about-george-floyds-death-in-minneapolis-police-custody |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> After Floyd said, "I'm about to die", Chauvin told him to "relax".<ref name="Weill">{{cite news |last1=Weill |first1=Kelly |last2=Gustavo |first2=Solomon |title='I Can't Breathe': Minneapolis Erupts in Protest After Black Man Dies in Police Custody |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/feds-probe-white-cop-who-appeared-to-suffocate-george-floyd-in-viral-video |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=The Daily Beast |date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527002501/https://www.thedailybeast.com/feds-probe-white-cop-who-appeared-to-suffocate-george-floyd-in-viral-video |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> An officer asked Floyd, "What do you want?"; Floyd answered, "Please, the knee in my neck, I can't breathe."<ref name="Weill" />

At approximately 8:22, the officers called for an ambulance on a non-emergency basis, escalating the call to emergency status a minute later.{{r|WPtimeline|at=4:50}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=4:42}} Chauvin continued to kneel on Floyd's neck.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=5:15}} A passerby yelled to Floyd, "Well, get up, get in the car, man", and Floyd, still handcuffed and face down on the pavement, responded, "I can't", while Chauvin's knee remained on his neck.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=5:26}} Floyd said, "My stomach hurts, my neck hurts, everything hurts", requested water,<ref name="Ockerman">{{cite news|last1=Ockerman|first1=Emma|date=May 27, 2020|title=A Cop Kneeled on a Black Man's Neck Until He Said He Couldn't Breathe. He Died at the Hospital.|work=Vice|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/akzggb/a-cop-kneeled-on-a-black-mans-neck-until-he-said-he-couldnt-breathe-he-died-at-the-hospital|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526211559/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/akzggb/a-cop-kneeled-on-a-black-mans-neck-until-he-said-he-couldnt-breathe-he-died-at-the-hospital|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref> and begged, "Don't kill me."<ref name=BBCfour>{{cite news |title=Four Minnesota police officers fired after death of unarmed black man |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52806572 |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=BBC News |date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527003021/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52806572 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> One witness pointed out that Floyd was bleeding from the nose.<ref name=Dakss /> Another told the officers that Floyd was "not even resisting arrest right now".<ref name=WCCO /> Thao countered that Floyd was "talking, he's fine"; a witness replied that Floyd "ain't fine{{nbsp}}... Get him off the ground{{nbsp}}... You could have put him in the car by now. He's not resisting arrest or nothing. You're enjoying it. Look at you. Your body language explains it."<ref name=Dakss>{{cite news |last1=Dakss |first1=Brian |title=Video shows Minneapolis cop with knee on neck of motionless, moaning man who later died |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minneapolis-police-fatal-arrest-officer-kneeling-neck-man-died/ |access-date=May 26, 2020 |work=CBS News |date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526153154/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minneapolis-police-fatal-arrest-officer-kneeling-neck-man-died/ |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Culver>{{cite news |last1=Culver |first1=Jordan |title=What we know about the death of George Floyd: 4 Minneapolis police officers fired after 'horrifying' video hits social media |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/26/george-floyd-minneapolis-police-officers-fired-after-public-backlash/5263193002/ |access-date=May 27, 2020 |work=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]] |date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527043250/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/26/george-floyd-minneapolis-police-officers-fired-after-public-backlash/5263193002/ |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> As Floyd continued to cry for help, Thao said to witnesses: "This is why you don't do drugs, kids."<ref name="Booker">{{Cite news |last=Booker |first=Brakkton |date=August 14, 2020 |title=Body Camera Video Of George Floyd And Police Offers New Details Of Deadly Encounter |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/08/14/902539820/body-camera-video-of-george-floyd-and-police-offers-new-details-of-deadly-encoun |access-date=December 18, 2020 |work=NPR |language=en |archive-date=December 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217090042/https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/08/14/902539820/body-camera-video-of-george-floyd-and-police-offers-new-details-of-deadly-encoun |url-status=live }}</ref>

By 8:25, Floyd appeared unconscious, and bystanders confronted the officers about Floyd's condition. Chauvin pulled out mace to keep bystanders away as Thao moved between them and Chauvin.<ref name="Reason">{{Cite news |work=Reason |first=Zuri |last=Davis |url=https://reason.com/2020/05/26/minnesota-man-dies-after-video-shows-cop-pressing-knee-to-his-neck-for-nearly-8-minutes/ |title=Minnesota Man Dies After Video Shows Cop Pressing Knee to His Neck for Nearly 8 Minutes |date=May 26, 2020 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606181030/https://reason.com/2020/05/26/minnesota-man-dies-after-video-shows-cop-pressing-knee-to-his-neck-for-nearly-8-minutes/ |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AU News">{{Cite news |work=news.com.au |first=Rohan |last=Smith |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/two-of-four-officers-involved-in-george-floyds-death-have-fled-minneapolis-in-fear-for-their-safety/news-story/759a9a65f539ea8fc0c4aabccd8fd222 |title=Two of four officers involved in George Floyd's death have fled Minneapolis in fear for their safety |date=June 2, 2020 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604150610/https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/two-of-four-officers-involved-in-george-floyds-death-have-fled-minneapolis-in-fear-for-their-safety/news-story/759a9a65f539ea8fc0c4aabccd8fd222 |archive-date=June 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bystanders repeatedly yelled that Floyd was "not responsive right now" and urged the officers to check his pulse.{{r|WPtimeline|at=5:22}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=6:53}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} Kueng checked Floyd's wrist but found no pulse;{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} the officers did not attempt to provide Floyd with medical assistance while he was on the ground.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=6:46}} According to the criminal complaint against Chauvin, Lane asked Chauvin twice if they should move Floyd onto his side,<ref name="ChauvinCpl">{{cite web |url=https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf |title=Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530173331/https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |website=Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District |quote=File No. 27-CR-20-12646 |date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> and Chauvin said no.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:02}}

===Medical response and death===

At 8:27, a Hennepin County ambulance arrived.{{r|WPtimeline|at=5:56}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:11}} Shortly thereafter, a young relative of the owner of Cup Foods attempted to intervene, but was pushed back by Thao.{{r|WPtimeline|at=6:03}} Emergency medical technicians checked Floyd's pulse.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:17}} Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck for almost a minute after the ambulance arrived, despite Floyd being silent and motionless.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:21}}

Around 8:29, Floyd was lifted by paramedics onto a stretcher,<ref name="AP20200528">{{cite news |title=Before his deadly encounter with police, George Floyd had begun a new life in Minnesota |access-date=June 10, 2020 |agency=Associated Press |date=May 28, 2020 |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-05-28/george-floyd-begun-new-life-minneapolis-before-police-encounter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528184907/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-05-28/george-floyd-begun-new-life-minneapolis-before-police-encounter |work={{wipe|Los Angeles Times}} |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |url-status=live |quote=The video ends with paramedics lifting a limp Floyd onto a stretcher and placing him in an ambulance.}}</ref>
then loaded into an ambulance.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:43}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} Lane boarded the ambulance and checked Floyd's pulse at his neck, and a medic instructed him to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<ref name=XiongSawyer>{{Cite news |last1=Xiong |first1=Chao |last2=Sawyer |first2=Liz |date=July 16, 2020 |title=Bodycam video shows officer pulled gun on George Floyd early on |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/bodycam-video-shows-minneapolis-police-officer-pulled-gun-on-george-floyd-early-on/571778072/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 17, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308185525/https://www.startribune.com/bodycam-video-shows-minneapolis-police-officer-pulled-gun-on-george-floyd-early-on/571778072/ }}</ref> A medical device was placed on Floyd's chest to provide mechanical chest compressions,<ref name=XiongSawyer/> and the ambulance departed for Hennepin County Medical Center.{{r|WPtimeline|at=6:35}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:43}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}

En route, the ambulance requested assistance from the Minneapolis Fire Department.{{r|WPtimeline|at=6:35}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:43}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}} At 8:32, firefighters arrived at Cup Foods;{{r|WPtimeline|at=6:56}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:56}} according to their report, the police officers gave no clear information regarding Floyd's condition or whereabouts, which delayed their ability to find the ambulance.{{r|NYTtimeline|at=7:56}}<ref name="FireDeptReport">{{cite report |work=Minneapolis Fire Department |date=May 25, 2020 |title=Incident report, # 20-0018197 |url=http://www.minneapolismn.gov/www/groups/public/@mpd/documents/webcontent/wcmsp-224680.pdf|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604091049/http://www.minneapolismn.gov/www/groups/public/@mpd/documents/webcontent/wcmsp-224680.pdf |archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, the ambulance reported that Floyd was entering cardiac arrest and again requested assistance, asking firefighters to meet them at the corner of 36th Street and Park Avenue. Five minutes later, the fire department reached the ambulance;{{r|NYTtimeline|at=8:10}} two fire department medics who boarded the ambulance found Floyd unresponsive and pulseless.{{r|WPtimeline|at=6:56}}

Floyd was [[Social:Legal death|pronounced dead]] at 9:25 at the Hennepin County Medical Center emergency room.{{r|WPtimeline|at=7:12}}{{r|NYTtimeline|at=8:28}}{{r|bbc2020-05-30}}<ref name=Sawyer>{{Cite web |url=https://www.startribune.com/first-responders-worked-nearly-an-hour-to-save-floyd-before-he-was-pronounced-dead/570806682/ |title=George Floyd Showed No Signs of Life from Time EMS Arrived, Fire Department Report Says |last=Sawyer |first=Liz |date=May 28, 2020 |access-date=May 29, 2020 |work=Minneapolis Star-Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528194002/https://www.startribune.com/first-responders-worked-nearly-an-hour-to-save-floyd-before-he-was-pronounced-dead/570806682/ |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Investigations and criminal charges==
=== Minneapolis police response ===

Early on May 26, the Minneapolis Police Department issued a statement that said nothing about Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck:<ref name="st2020-06-03">{{Cite news |last=Mannix |first=Andy |date=June 3, 2020 |title=Minneapolis police cite 'fluid' situation for troubling misinformation released after George Floyd death |url=https://www.startribune.com/mpls-police-still-haven-t-explained-misinformation-after-floyd-s-death/570970152/|access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=Star Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603044652/https://www.startribune.com/mpls-police-still-haven-t-explained-misinformation-after-floyd-s-death/570970152/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt2020-06-06">{{Cite news |last1=Burch |first1=Audra D. S. |last2=Eligon |first2=John |date=May 29, 2020 |title=Bystander Videos of George Floyd and Others Are Policing the Police |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/george-floyd-minneapolis-police.html |access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605073149/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/george-floyd-minneapolis-police.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="abco2020-06-07">{{cite news |last=Hutchens |first=Gareth |date=June 7, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter protesters have unwittingly recorded the single largest outbreak of police brutality in US history |work=ABC Online |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/police-brutality-caught-on-film-black-lives-matter/12330672 |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608193228/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/police-brutality-caught-on-film-black-lives-matter/12330672 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> "After Floyd got out of his car, he physically resisted officers. Officers were able to get the suspect into handcuffs and noted he appeared to be suffering medical distress."<ref name="nyt2020-05-26">{{Cite news |last1=Hauser |first1=Christine |last2=Taylor |first2=Derrick Bryson |last3=Vigdor |first3=Neil |date=May 26, 2020 |title='I Can't Breathe': 4 Minneapolis Officers Fired After Black Man Dies in Custody |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526143016/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|archive-date=May 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Hours later, witness and security camera video circulating on the internet showed Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck.<ref name="contradict">
* {{cite news |title=Videos reveal violence that was contradicted by police accounts |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |first=Alex |last=Horton |date=June 6, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/06/police-protester-incidents-video/ |access-date=August 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921045846/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/06/police-protester-incidents-video/ |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |url-status=dead |ref=none }}
* {{Cite news |last=Andone |first=Dakin |date=May 29, 2020 |title=Surveillance video does not support police claims that George Floyd resisted arrest |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/us/video-george-floyd-contradict-resist-trnd/index.html |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528232542/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/us/video-george-floyd-contradict-resist-trnd/index.html |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |url-status=live |ref=none }}
* {{cite news |last=Czachor |first=Emily |date=May 27, 2020 |title=George Floyd Did Not Have a Pulse When Medics Placed Him in Ambulance, Minneapolis Fire Department Report Shows |work=Newsweek |url=https://www.newsweek.com/george-floyd-did-not-have-pulse-when-medics-placed-him-ambulance-minneapolis-fire-department-1506941 |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609065525/https://www.newsweek.com/george-floyd-did-not-have-pulse-when-medics-placed-him-ambulance-minneapolis-fire-department-1506941 |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |url-status=live |ref=none }}
* {{cite news |last=McArdle |first=Mairead |title=New Video Shows George Floyd Cooperating with Officers during Arrest |date=May 28, 2020 |work=National Review |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/new-video-shows-george-floyd-cooperating-with-officers-during-arrest/ |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529183610/https://www.nationalreview.com/news/new-video-shows-george-floyd-cooperating-with-officers-during-arrest/ |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |url-status=live |ref=none }}</ref> The department updated its statement,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elder |first=John |date=May 26, 2020 |title=Investigative Update on Critical Incident |url=https://www.insidempd.com/2020/05/26/man-dies-after-medical-incident-during-police-interaction/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331193824/https://www.insidempd.com/2020/05/26/man-dies-after-medical-incident-during-police-interaction/ |archive-date=March 31, 2021 |access-date=December 18, 2022 |website=Minneapolis Police Department}}</ref> saying "new information" had "been made available" and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was joining the investigation.{{r|nyt2020-05-26}} The four officers were briefly placed on paid administrative leave<ref name="mp2020-06-01">{{cite news |last=Kaul |first=Greta |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Seven days in Minneapolis: a timeline of what we know about the death of George Floyd and its aftermath |work=MinnPost |url=https://www.minnpost.com/metro/2020/05/what-we-know-about-the-events-surrounding-george-floyds-death-and-its-aftermath-a-timeline/ |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609033645/https://www.minnpost.com/metro/2020/05/what-we-know-about-the-events-surrounding-george-floyds-death-and-its-aftermath-a-timeline/ |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> before being fired later that day.<ref name="wp2020-05-26">{{cite news |last=Shammas |first=Brittany |date=May 26, 2020 |title=Four Minneapolis officers are fired after video shows one kneeling on neck of black man who later died |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/26/minneapolis-police-death-custody-fbi/ |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605011821/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/26/minneapolis-police-death-custody-fbi/ |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Autopsies ===
Two autopsies—one by a local government official and one by doctors working for Floyd's family—determined that his death was a homicide. Released on June 1, 2020, they differed over whether there were contributing factors, and whether the agreed cause, restraint and neck compression, was combined with subdual or asphyxiation.<ref name="TaylorJanuary6th">{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Derrick Bryson |date=January 6, 2021 |title=George Floyd Protests: A Timeline |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-protests-timeline.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602235547/https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-protests-timeline.html |archive-date=June 2, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Woodward |first=Samantha |date=March 8, 2021 |title=A timeline of events leading up to the State v. Chauvin trial |work=The Minnesota Daily |url=https://mndaily.com/266145/news/a-timeline-of-events-leading-up-to-the-state-v-chauvin-trial/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308215729/https://mndaily.com/266145/news/a-timeline-of-events-leading-up-to-the-state-v-chauvin-trial/ |archive-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref>

Andrew Baker, a pathologist and the chief medical examiner for Hennepin County since 2004, performed an autopsy examination at {{nowrap|9:25 a.m.}} on May 26.<ref name=AutopsyPDF /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chanen|first=David|date=June 11, 2020|title=Hennepin County Board reappoints Dr. Andrew Baker as chief medical examiner|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/hennepin-county-board-reappoints-dr-andrew-baker-as-chief-medical-examiner/571199182/|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=July 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707220454/https://www.startribune.com/hennepin-county-board-reappoints-dr-andrew-baker-as-chief-medical-examiner/571199182/}}</ref> Prosecutors summarized portions of Baker's preliminary findings in charging documents that were released publicly on {{nowrap|May 29}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stanley|first=Greg|date=June 19, 2020|title=George Floyd's autopsy puts Hennepin County Medical Examiner Andrew Baker in the hot seat|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/floyd-s-autopsy-makes-medical-examiner-a-rare-target-of-anger/571343522/|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2020|archive-date=February 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211172918/https://www.startribune.com/floyd-s-autopsy-makes-medical-examiner-a-rare-target-of-anger/571343522/}}</ref> Baker's final autopsy findings,<ref name="me_pr">{{cite press release | url=https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/MNHENNE/2020/06/01/file_attachments/1464238/2020-3700%20Floyd,%20George%20Perry%20Update%206.1.2020.pdf | title=Press Release Report: Floyd George Perry | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222445/https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/MNHENNE/2020/06/01/file_attachments/1464238/2020-3700%20Floyd,%20George%20Perry%20Update%206.1.2020.pdf | archive-date=June 5, 2020 | id=Case No: 2020–3700 | publisher=Hennepin County Medical Examiner | date=June 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=AutopsyPDF>{{cite web |url=https://www.hennepin.us/-/media/hennepinus/residents/public-safety/documents/Autopsy_2020-3700_Floyd.pdf/ |title=Autopsy Report, George Floyd, Deceased |id=ME No.: 20–3700 |publisher=Hennepin County Medical Examiner |date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604001830/https://www.hennepin.us/-/media/hennepinus/residents/public-safety/documents/Autopsy_2020-3700_Floyd.pdf/ |archive-date=June 4, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> issued June 1,<ref name="reuters_idUKKBN2383JU">{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=Brad |title=State, independent autopsies agree on homicide in George Floyd case, but clash on underlying cause |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-minneapolis-police-autopsy-idUKKBN2383JU |access-date=June 2, 2020 |work={{wipe|Reuters}} |date=June 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603070436/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-minneapolis-police-autopsy-idUKKBN2383JU |archive-date=June 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> found that Floyd's heart stopped while he was being restrained and that his death was a homicide caused by "cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression".<ref name="bbc_52886593">{{cite news |title=George Floyd death homicide, official post-mortem declares |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52886593 |access-date=June 2, 2020 |work=BBC News |date=June 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602005418/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52886593 |archive-date=June 2, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Chemistry:Fentanyl|Fentanyl]] intoxication and recent [[Chemistry:Methamphetamine|methamphetamine]] use may have increased the likelihood of death.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Furber|first1=Matt|last2=Arango|first2=Tim|last3=Eligon|first3=John|date=September 11, 2020|title=Police Veteran Charged in George Floyd Killing Had Used Neck Restraints Before|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/us/derek-chauvin-george-floyd-trial.html|access-date=March 4, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/george-floyd/evidence-details-fentanyl-levels-george-floyds-body/89-70cf8552-1810-4462-a726-077b897e7378 |title=Evidence details fentanyl levels in Floyd's body |work=Kare 11 |first=Brendan |last=Keefe |date=March 31, 2021 |quote=His blood was drawn immediately after death at Hennepin County Medical Center. The official autopsy report shows a concentration of 11 nanograms per milliliter.}}</ref> Other significant conditions were [[Medicine:Arteriosclerotic heart disease|arteriosclerotic heart disease]] and hypertensive heart disease, including an enlarged heart, one artery 90% blocked, and two others 75% narrowed.<ref name="OckermanJune2" /><ref name="me_pr" /><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Bernstein|first1=Lenny|last2=Bailey|first2=Holly|title=At the heart of Derek Chauvin's trial is this question: What killed George Floyd?|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/george-floyd-fentanyl/2021/03/10/c3d4f328-76ec-11eb-9537-496158cc5fd9_story.html |date=March 10, 2021 |access-date=March 17, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327205422/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/george-floyd-fentanyl/2021/03/10/c3d4f328-76ec-11eb-9537-496158cc5fd9_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The report said that on April 3 Floyd had tested positive for [[Biology:SARS-CoV-2|SARS-CoV-2]], the virus that causes COVID-19, but did not list it as a fatal or other significant condition.<ref name="NPR_autopsy_COVID">{{cite news |last1=Neumann |first1=Scott |title=Medical Examiner's Autopsy Reveals George Floyd Had Positive Test For Coronavirus |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/04/869278494/medical-examiners-autopsy-reveals-george-floyd-had-positive-test-for-coronavirus |access-date=June 6, 2020 |work=NPR |date=June 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605160032/https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/04/869278494/medical-examiners-autopsy-reveals-george-floyd-had-positive-test-for-coronavirus |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbslocal_20200603_full">{{cite news |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/06/03/full-george-floyd-autopsy-report-released-says-he-tested-positive-for-covid-19/ |title=Full George Floyd Autopsy Report Released, Says He Tested Positive For COVID-19 |publisher=WCCO |date=June 3, 2020 |access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604052725/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/06/03/full-george-floyd-autopsy-report-released-says-he-tested-positive-for-covid-19/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Attorneys for Floyd's family announced on {{nowrap|May 29}} that they would commission a second autopsy.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carrega|first=Christina|date=May 29, 2020|title=Independent autopsy requested for George Floyd|work=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/independent-autopsy-requested-george-floyd/story?id=70954754|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530095546/https://abcnews.go.com/US/independent-autopsy-requested-george-floyd/story?id=70954754%2F}}</ref> It was carried out on {{nowrap|May 31}} by Michael Baden, a pathologist and former New York City chief medical examiner, and by Allecia Wilson, a pathologist and director of autopsy and forensic services at the University of Michigan Medical School.<ref name="IvanPereira">{{Cite web|last=Pereira|first=Ivan|date=June 1, 2020|title=Independent autopsy finds George Floyd died of asphyxia|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/independent-autopsy-george-floyd-findings-announced/story?id=70994827|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601182319/https://abcnews.go.com/US/independent-autopsy-george-floyd-findings-announced/story?id=70994827|archive-date=June 1, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|website=ABC News}}</ref><ref name="kttc_20200601_family">{{cite news|last=Gors|first=Michele|date=June 1, 2020|title=Family autopsy: Floyd asphyxiated by sustained pressure|publisher=KTTC|url=https://kttc.com/2020/06/01/family-autopsy-floyd-asphyxiated-by-sustained-pressure/|url-status=dead|access-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071517/https://kttc.com/2020/06/01/family-autopsy-floyd-asphyxiated-by-sustained-pressure/|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref> They announced their results on June 1, a few hours before Baker's final findings were issued.<ref name=Lorenzo>{{Cite news|last1=Lorenzo|first1=Reyes|last2=Hughes|first2=Trevor|last3=Emmert|first3=Mark|date=June 1, 2020|title=Medical examiner and family-commissioned autopsy agree: George Floyd's death was a homicide|work=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/01/george-floyd-independent-autopsy-findings-released-monday/5307185002/|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304202753/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/01/george-floyd-independent-autopsy-findings-released-monday/5307185002/}}</ref> From the evidence available to them, which did not include a toxicology report or unspecified bodily samples, they found that Floyd's death was a homicide caused by asphyxia due to neck and back compression.<ref name="NYT-Robles">{{cite news |last1=Robles |first1=Frances |title=How Did George Floyd Die? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-autopsy-michael-baden.html |access-date=June 3, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=June 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603003005/https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-autopsy-michael-baden.html |archive-date=June 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=IvanPereira/><ref name=OckermanJune2>{{cite news |last1=Ockerman |first1=Emma |title=Independent Autopsy Says George Floyd's Death Was a 'Homicide' Due to Asphyxiation |url=https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/y3zdyk/independent-autopsy-says-george-floyds-death-was-a-homicide-due-to-asphyxiation |access-date=June 2, 2020 |work=Vice |date=June 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603044422/https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/y3zdyk/independent-autopsy-says-george-floyds-death-was-a-homicide-due-to-asphyxiation |archive-date=June 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also, Floyd had no underlying medical problem that contributed to his death.<ref name=co_20200601_independent>{{cite news |last1=Ensor |first1=Josie |title=Independent autopsy reveals George Floyd died from 'asphyxiation' as lawyers call for first-degree murder charges |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/06/01/independent-autopsy-reveals-george-floyd-died-asphyxiation-lawyers/ |access-date=June 2, 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200602085321/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/06/01/independent-autopsy-reveals-george-floyd-died-asphyxiation-lawyers/ |archive-date=June 2, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> They said that neck compression affected blood flow to the brain,<ref name=OckermanJune2/> that ability to speak does not imply ability to breathe,<ref name=co_20200601_independent/> and that Floyd apparently died at the scene.<ref name=Lorenzo/>

It was revealed in August 2020 that the United States Department of Justice had the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's official autopsy results reviewed by the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, which agreed with them. The Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner added that the police "subdual and restraint had elements of positional and mechanical asphyxiation".<ref name=FOX9>{{cite news |title=Court filings: Medical examiner thought George Floyd had 'fatal level' of fentanyl in system |url=https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/court-filings-medical-examiner-thought-george-floyd-had-fatal-level-of-fentanyl-in-system |access-date=May 24, 2021 |work=FOX 9 |date=August 25, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Karnowski |first1=Steve |title=Prosecutors depict ex-officer as complicit in Floyd's death |url=https://apnews.com/article/mn-state-wire-racial-injustice-us-news-a4faedfa6b7fa38b2a082055e3f08219 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |work=Associated Press |date=August 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raguse |first1=Lou |title=New court docs say George Floyd had "fatal level" of fentanyl in his system |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/george-floyd/new-court-docs-say-george-floyd-had-fatal-level-of-fentanyl-in-his-system/89-ed69d09d-a9ec-481c-90fe-7acd4ead3d04 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |work=KARE11 |date=August 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Abdollah |first1=Tami |title='Reckless disregard for human life' or 'tragic accident'? Derek Chauvin goes on trial, charged with murder of George Floyd |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/03/05/derek-chauvin-trial-george-floyd-murder-case-video/6916878002/ |access-date=May 24, 2021 |work=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]] |date=March 7, 2021}}</ref>

=== Federal investigation ===
On May 26, the FBI announced it was reviewing the incident at the request of the Minneapolis Police Department.<ref name="Hauser">{{cite news|last1=Hauser|first1=Christine|date=May 26, 2020|title=F.B.I. to Investigate Arrest of Black Man Who Died After Being Pinned by Officer|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526143016/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref><ref name="theguardian_20200526_george">{{Cite news|last=Evelyn|first=Kenya|date=May 27, 2020|title=FBI investigates death of black man after footage shows officer kneeling on his neck|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/26/george-floyd-killing-police-video-fbi-investigation|url-status=live|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603100825/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/26/george-floyd-killing-police-video-fbi-investigation|archive-date=June 3, 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On May 28, the United States Department of Justice released a joint statement with the FBI, saying that their investigation into Floyd's murder was "a top priority" and outlining the investigation's next steps: a "comprehensive investigation will compile all available information and thoroughly evaluate evidence and information obtained from witnesses&nbsp;... If it is determined that there has been a violation of federal law, criminal charges will be sought".<ref name="WSJMay28" /><ref name="Dwyer">{{Cite web|last1=Dwyer|first1=Colin|last2=Romo|first2=Vanessa|last3=Campbell|first3=Barbara|last4=Nuyen|first4=Suzanne|date=May 28, 2020|title=Investigation into George Floyd's Death A 'Top Priority' For Justice Department|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863630502/investigation-into-george-floyds-death-a-top-priority-for-justice-department|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528154807/https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863630502/investigation-into-george-floyds-death-a-top-priority-for-justice-department|archive-date=May 28, 2020|access-date=May 28, 2020|publisher=NPR}}</ref><ref name="justice_20200528">{{Cite press release|title=Joint Statement Of United States Attorney Erica MacDonald And FBI Special Agent in Charge Rainer Drolshagen|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/joint-statement-united-states-attorney-erica-macdonald-and-fbi-special-agent-charge|date=May 28, 2020|website=justice.gov|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529193754/https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/joint-statement-united-states-attorney-erica-macdonald-and-fbi-special-agent-charge|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Failed plea bargain ===
On May 28, state and federal prosecutors held a press conference at a regional FBI office in Brooklyn Center, a Minneapolis suburb, in what was anticipated to be a major development to the case against the officers who were at the scene of Floyd's murder.<ref name="Lyden (June 9, 2020)">{{cite news|last=Lyden|first=Tom|date=June 9, 2020|title=Ex-Minneapolis police officer Chauvin was in talks to plead guilty before arrest|work=FOX 9|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/ex-minneapolis-police-officer-chauvin-was-in-talks-to-plead-guilty-before-arrest|access-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref> Hennepin County Attorney Michael O. Freeman, the local official with jurisdiction to bring forth criminal charges for police misconduct, said his office needed more time to investigate.<ref name="Stockman (July 4, 2020)">{{cite news|last=Stockman|first=Farah|date=July 4, 2020|title='They have lost control': How Minneapolis leaders failed to stop their city from burning|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/us/minneapolis-government-george-floyd.html|access-date=July 17, 2020|archive-date=July 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714041938/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/us/minneapolis-government-george-floyd.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In explaining the anticipation of the media briefing and its two-hour delayed start, U.S. Attorney Erica MacDonald said, "I thought we would have another development to talk to you about, but we don't." On June 9, it was revealed that state and federal prosecutors had discussed a plea deal with Chauvin that would have included state murder charges and federal civil rights charges,<ref name="Lyden (June 9, 2020)" /> but the deal fell apart when United States Attorney General William Barr rejected it.<ref name=ArangoFebruary10th>{{Cite news|last=Arango|first=Tim|date=February 10, 2021|title=The Killing of George Floyd Tore Minneapolis Apart. Now Comes the Trial.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/us/george-floyd-death.html|access-date=February 11, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210235055/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/us/george-floyd-death.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Chauvin believed his prospects of winning at trial could be poor, and was willing to plead guilty to third-degree murder for a ten-year prison sentence. As he would have gone to federal prison, the federal government was involved. Barr worried that protestors might view the agreement as too lenient and prefer a full investigation.<ref name=ArangoFebruary10th/>

=== State criminal charges ===
[[File:Derek Chauvin's indictment.pdf|thumb|Chauvin's criminal indictment, May 29, 2020]]
On May 29, Chauvin was charged with third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter, and was held at Oak Park Heights state prison. According to the criminal complaint, police are trained that the neck restraint that he applied "with a subject in prone position is inherently dangerous".<ref name=cbslocal_20200529_derek>{{Cite web |work=CBS Minnesota|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/29/derek-chauvin-arrested-george-floyd-death-minneapolis-police-officer/ |title=Former MPD Officer Derek Chauvin In Custody, Charged With Murder In George Floyd's Death |date=May 29, 2020|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529173202/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/29/derek-chauvin-arrested-george-floyd-death-minneapolis-police-officer/|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the first officer in Minnesota to be charged in the death of a black civilian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276049/derek-chauvin-tou-thao-kueng-lane-officers-george-floyd-what-we-know |title=What we know about the officers involved in George Floyd's death|date=May 31, 2020|first=Catherine|last=Kim|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=Vox.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604101614/https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276049/derek-chauvin-tou-thao-kueng-lane-officers-george-floyd-what-we-know|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.startribune.com/protests-build-anew-after-fired-officer-charged-jailed/570869672/|title=Ex-police officer Derek Chauvin charged with murder, manslaughter in George Floyd death|access-date=March 31, 2021|date=May 30, 2020|work=Star Tribune|first1=Chao|first2=Paul|last1=Xiong|last2=Walsh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601013442/https://www.startribune.com/protests-build-anew-after-fired-officer-charged-jailed/570869672/| archive-date=June 1, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On {{nowrap|June 3}}, the charge against Chauvin was upgraded to second-degree murder, and the three other officers were charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder as well as aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter.<ref name=cbslocal_20200603_george>{{Cite web |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/06/03/george-floyd-death-derek-chauvins-murder-charge-upgraded-to-2nd-degree-unintentional-murder-3-other-officers-charged/ |title=George Floyd Death: All Four Ex-Officers Involved Now Charged, In Custody |website=CBS Minnesota |date=June 3, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603211009/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/06/03/george-floyd-death-derek-chauvins-murder-charge-upgraded-to-2nd-degree-unintentional-murder-3-other-officers-charged/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|
According to [[Organization:Mitchell Hamline School of Law|Mitchell Hamline]] law professor Ted Sampsell-Jones, Chauvin was charged with second-degree felony murder, not second-degree intentional murder, which is possible because Minnesota is one of two jurisdictions that rejects the merger doctrine and allows the use of assault as a predicate felony.<ref name="Sampsell-Jones">{{cite news |last1=Sampsell-Jones |first1=Ted |title=Explaining the New Second Degree Murder Charge Against Derek Chauvin |url=https://thedispatch.com/p/explaining-the-new-second-degree |access-date=June 23, 2020 |work=The Dispatch |date=June 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622010707/https://thedispatch.com/p/explaining-the-new-second-degree |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Though a charge of second-degree intentional murder could have exposed Chauvin under state sentencing guidelines to the possibility of a presumptive sentence as long as 306 months, second-degree felony murder carries the same presumptive sentence as the previous charge of third-degree murder: 180 months.<ref name="Sampsell-Jones" /> Another issue with invoking the felony murder doctrine is that Minnesota law allows the trial court judge to make the requisite finding that the predicate felony posed a "special danger to human life", which may conflict with federal case law requiring every fact essential to a criminal sentence to be submitted to the jury at trial.<ref name="Sampsell-Jones" />
}} The officers were held in jail after the state criminal charges were filed. Ahead of the trials, the four officers were released on bail. Lane was released first on June 10,<ref name="cbslocal_20200610_thomas">{{Cite web|date=June 10, 2020|title=Thomas Lane, Ex-Officer Charged In George Floyd's Death, Leaves Jail After Posting Bond|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/thomas-lane-charged-in-george-floyds-death-leaves-jail-after-posting-bond/ |work=CBS Minnesota |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610222137/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/06/10/thomas-lane-charged-in-george-floyds-death-leaves-jail-after-posting-bond/|archive-date=June 10, 2020|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=CNN |title=Attorney for ex-Minneapolis officer involved in George Floyd's death says client is 'not a violent person' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/09/us/minneapolis-officer-attorney-george-floyd/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613164504/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/09/us/minneapolis-officer-attorney-george-floyd/ |archive-date=June 13, 2020 }}</ref> Kueng on June 19,<ref>{{cite news|last=Skluzacek|first=Josh|date=June 19, 2020|title=Another former MPD officer charged in Floyd's death released from jail on bond|publisher=KSTP|url=https://kstp.com/news/another-former-mpd-officer-charged-in-floyds-death-released-from-jail-on-bond-june-19-2020/5765566/|url-status=live|access-date=July 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629195607/https://kstp.com/news/another-former-mpd-officer-charged-in-floyds-death-released-from-jail-on-bond-june-19-2020/5765566/|archive-date=June 29, 2020}}</ref> and Thao July 4.<ref name="XiongJuly4">{{cite news|last=Xiong|first=Chao|date=July 4, 2020|title=Third fired Minneapolis police officer charged in Floyd death is out of jail|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/third-fired-minneapolis-police-officer-charged-in-floyd-death-is-out-of-jail/571631142/|url-status=live|access-date=July 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706000852/https://www.startribune.com/third-fired-minneapolis-police-officer-charged-in-floyd-death-is-out-of-jail/571631142/|archive-date=July 6, 2020}}</ref> Chauvin was released on October 7 after posting a $1 million bond.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chappell|first=Bill|date=October 7, 2020|title=Former Minneapolis Police Officer Derek Chauvin Is Released On $1 Million Bond|work=National Public Radio|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/10/07/921213607/derek-chauvin-is-released-on-1-million-bail-bond|access-date=February 25, 2022}}</ref>

=== State civil rights action ===
The Minnesota Department of Human Rights opened an investigation into the practices of the Minneapolis Police Department on June 2.<ref name=apnews_20200602>{{cite news |last1=Karnowski |first1=Steve |last2=Forlit |first2=Amy |url=https://apnews.com/c35e8d89079dcb7cf7021ebdb71b04be |title=Minneapolis police face civil rights probe over Floyd death |work=Associated Press |date=June 2, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606070249/https://apnews.com/c35e8d89079dcb7cf7021ebdb71b04be |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=mn_20200603>{{cite web |url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/news-community/newsroom/civilrightsupdates.jsp?id=1061-434480 |title=Civil Rights Investigation into Minneapolis Police Department |website=Community Newsroom, Minnesota Department of Human Rights |date=June 3, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-date=September 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907105502/http://validate.perfdrive.com/d5bd5333eafe8b0ccd6023ba818d1aa6/captcha?ssa=fe3e769e-8b55-4023-aff4-0f46bbac11a9&ssb=04belgfdkcf3ekkc364de5e4p&ssc=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.gov%2Fmdhr%2Fnews-community%2Fnewsroom%2Fcivilrightsupdates.jsp%3Fid%3D1061-434480&ssd=141819228584667&sse=lhahloee%40%40mkgjf&ssf=6816f73656b32e0ff40d0278eb9dba91100dd6cc&ssg=43a3ebd1-1f0c-47d7-a180-94710f33ed71&ssh=07372ad8-f98a-4d0d-8ac9-0d0854eaef82&ssi=69ed8b72-bf56-4135-836f-1906640a8430&ssj=3e235062-fcbc-41d9-a93c-a136c8727d78&ssk=support%40shieldsquare.com&ssl=315254546988&ssm=13579397170268538100756318204428&ssn=f24d0dc469acd4c4f62107c2065fefbacca709654ce7-eef5-47a7-be008e&sso=5c04e788-aa3319b0a92b831b791ea66dc47a47a597388ce8656f053c&ssp=43777918171599494533159943433692577&ssq=85772947610224598041776102439901922835235&ssr=MjA3LjI0MS4yMjUuMTYw&sss=Mozilla%2F5.0%20%28compatible%3B%20Googlebot%2F2.1%3B%20+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbot.html%29&sst=Mozilla%2F5.0%20%28Windows%20NT%2010.0%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64%29%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20%28KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko%29%20Chrome%2F74.0.3729.169%20Safari%2F537.36&ssu=Mozilla%2F4.0%20%28Windows%20NT%205.1%29%20AppleWebKit%2F535.7%20%28KHTML%2Clike%20zeco%29%20Chrome%2F33.0.1750.154%20Safari%2F536.7&ssv=v4q%4012rp2%401svrl&ssw=&ssx=132708356631320&ssy=edmiielafdgbc%40cbbecbhlligbfljjodfjbd%40oci&ssz=53adc77f0f7b6e4 |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 5, the Minneapolis City Council authorized the mayor to enter a restraining order with the State of Minnesota banning chokeholds and neck restraints, requiring police officers to intervene against other officers' use of excessive force, and requiring authorization from the police chief or other designate before using crowd-control weapons such as chemical agents and rubber bullets.<ref name=courthousenews_20200605>{{cite news |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/minneapolis-bans-police-chokeholds-in-first-step-of-reforms/ |title=Minneapolis Bans Police Chokeholds in First Step of Reforms |website=Courthouse News Service |date=June 5, 2020 |first=Andy |last=Monserud |access-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606003126/https://www.courthousenews.com/minneapolis-bans-police-chokeholds-in-first-step-of-reforms/ |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=mprnews_20200605_minneapolis>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/06/05/minneapolis-to-ban-police-chokeholds-in-wake-of-floyd-death |title=Minneapolis to ban police chokeholds in wake of Floyd death |website=Minnesota Public Radio News |date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-date=September 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907105503/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/06/05/minneapolis-to-ban-police-chokeholds-in-wake-of-floyd-death |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 8, a Hennepin County Court judge ordered the Minneapolis Police Department to cooperate with a civil rights investigation, and extended the restrictions on the department to require that the chief make discipline decisions in a timely and transparent manner, and that civilian analysts and investigators in the city's Office of Police Conduct Review be given authority to audit body-worn camera footage and to file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department.<ref>{{Cite web|title=County Court Bans Minneapolis Police From Using Chokeholds|date=June 9, 2020|url=https://www.newsweek.com/county-court-bans-minneapolis-police-using-chokeholds-1509535|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609051648/https://www.newsweek.com/county-court-bans-minneapolis-police-using-chokeholds-1509535 |work=Newsweek |first=Daniel |last=Villarreal |archive-date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name=preliminary>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fox9.com/news/mpd-to-adopt-6-immediate-changes-after-court-order |title=MPD to adopt 6 immediate changes after court order |date=June 8, 2020 |website=FOX 9|access-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615041139/https://www.fox9.com/news/mpd-to-adopt-6-immediate-changes-after-court-order|archive-date=June 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 8, 2020|title=Court Orders Minneapolis Police Department to Make Immediate Changes|url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/news-community/newsroom/#/detail/appId/1/id/435170|access-date=May 2, 2021|website=Minnesota Department of Human Rights}}</ref>

In April 2022, the results of the state investigation into the Minneapolis Police were announced and it was found that the city and the police department engaged in a "pattern or practice of race discrimination" and that the organizational culture of the department had "flawed training and emphasized a paramilitary approach" with a lack of accountability.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ray Sanchez and Omar Jimenez |date=April 28, 2022 |title=State probe after George Floyd's killing finds a decade of 'discriminatory, race-based policing' in Minneapolis |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/27/us/minneapolis-police-practices-investigation/index.html |access-date=April 28, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KSTP |first=Kirsten Swanson |date=April 28, 2022 |title=State report finds Minneapolis Police Department surveilled Black leaders, organizations like Minneapolis NAACP |url=https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/state-report-finds-minneapolis-police-department-surveilled-black-leaders-organizations-like-minneapolis-naacp/ |access-date=April 28, 2022 |website=KSTP.com Eyewitness News |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Federal civil rights charges ===
In February 2021, the United States Department of Justice empaneled a grand jury in Minneapolis as part of a federal investigation into Chauvin.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Arango|first1=Tim|last2=Benner|first2=Katie|date=February 23, 2021|title=With New Grand Jury, Justice Department Revives Investigation Into Death of George Floyd|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/23/us/george-floyd-death-investigation-doj.html|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309042410/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/23/us/george-floyd-death-investigation-doj.html|archive-date=March 9, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On May 7, 2021, all four officers were indicted on federal charges of civil rights violations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 7, 2021|title=Four Former Minneapolis Police Officers Indicted on Federal Civil Rights Charges for Death of George Floyd; Derek Chauvin Also Charged in Separate Indictment for Violating Civil Rights of a Juvenile| url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/four-former-minneapolis-police-officers-indicted-federal-civil-rights-charges-death-george |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507142009/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/four-former-minneapolis-police-officers-indicted-federal-civil-rights-charges-death-george |archive-date=May 7, 2021|access-date=November 29, 2021|website=United States Department of Justice|language=en}}</ref> Chauvin was indicted for violating George Floyd's civil rights, along with a teenager who survived a similar restraint in 2017.<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite news|last1=Wagner|first1=Meg|last2=Macaya|first2=Melissa|date=May 7, 2021|title=Federal grand jury indicts 4 ex-officers in George Floyd's death|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/grand-jury-indictment-police-officers-george-floyd/index.html|access-date=June 25, 2021}}</ref> The other three officers also face charges for violating Floyd's civil rights. Thao, Lane, and Kueng appeared at a hearing virtually, and each posted $25,000 bond. Chauvin did not appear at this hearing, and remained in jail while awaiting sentencing for his state charges.<ref name="cnn.com" />

== Civil litigation and settlement ==
The family of George Floyd filed a wrongful death lawsuit in federal court in July 2020 against the City of Minneapolis and the four former police officers involved in the murder. The complaint said Floyd's Fourth Amendment rights were violated by "excessive use of unjustified, excessive, illegal, and deadly force." The lawsuit did not specify the amount of monetary damages the family sought.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Treisman |first1=Rachel |last2=Dwyer |first2=Colin |date=July 15, 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/15/891221766/floyd-family-attorneys-to-announce-a-civil-lawsuit-against-minneapolis-and-polic |title=George Floyd's Family Files Civil Lawsuit Against Minneapolis And Police, Lawyers Say |publisher=NPR |access-date=July 17, 2020 |archive-date=July 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717183705/https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/15/891221766/floyd-family-attorneys-to-announce-a-civil-lawsuit-against-minneapolis-and-polic |url-status=live }}</ref>

On March 12, 2021, the City of Minneapolis announced a [[Social:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]] with Floyd's family for $27&nbsp;million. It was approved unanimously by the City Council. Family lawyer Ben Crump described it as the "largest pre-trial settlement in a civil rights wrongful death case in U.S. history." The settlement surpassed the previous record for Minneapolis of $20&nbsp;million, paid in 2019 in the killing of Justine Damond. The city allocated $500,000 "for the benefit of the community around 38th and Chicago", the street intersection where Floyd was murdered.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Navratil|first1=Liz|last2=Rao|first2=Maya|date=March 12, 2021|title=Minneapolis to pay record $27 million to settle lawsuit with George Floyd's family|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-to-pay-record-27-million-to-settle-lawsuit-with-george-floyd-s-family/600033541/|url-status=live|access-date=March 12, 2021|archive-date=March 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312190432/https://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-to-pay-record-27-million-to-settle-lawsuit-with-george-floyd-s-family/600033541/}}</ref>

== Trials and plea agreements ==

=== Criminal trial of Chauvin ===
{{external media
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| video1 = {{YouTube|link=no|id=LlzflM0eCEE|title=Pioneer Press Live Stream of Derek Chauvin trial}} {{nobr|(1 hr 44 min 58 s)}}
}}
[[File:Derek Chauvin Post Verdict - Minneapolis - April 20, 2021 (51130937680).jpg|thumb|Hennepin County Government Center, the venue of the Chauvin trial, April 20, 2021]]
Chauvin's trial commenced in Minneapolis on March 8, 2021, in Hennepin County District Court.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Paul|date=March 9, 2021|title=First juror is chosen for Derek Chauvin's murder trial as appellate issues loom|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/first-juror-is-chosen-for-derek-chauvin-s-murder-trial-as-appellate-issues-loom/600032072/|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309194342/https://www.startribune.com/first-juror-is-chosen-for-derek-chauvin-s-murder-trial-as-appellate-issues-loom/600032072/}}</ref> Opening statements occurred on March 29, 2021, and closing arguments on April 19, 2021.

On April 20, 2021, the jury found Chauvin guilty of all charges, including second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter.<ref name=hayes_04202021>{{Cite news|publisher=CNN|first1=Mike|last1=Hayes|first2=Melissa|last2=Macaya|first3=Meg|last3=Wagner|first4=Veronica|last4=Rocha|date=April 20, 2021|title=Derek Chauvin trial verdict: Live updates|url=https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/derek-chauvin-trial-04-20-21/index.html|access-date=April 20, 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Forliti|first=Amy|date=April 20, 2021|title=Derek Chauvin found guilty in death of George Floyd|work=CTV News|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/derek-chauvin-found-guilty-in-death-of-george-floyd-1.5394195|access-date=April 20, 2021}}</ref> He was the first white Minnesota police officer to be convicted of murdering a black person. It was only the second time an officer has been convicted of murder in Minnesota, the first being the third-degree murder conviction of Somali-American officer Mohamed Noor in the shooting of Justine Damond, a white woman.<ref>{{cite news|first=Emily|last=Haavik|title=Derek Chauvin found guilty of murder, manslaughter in death of George Floyd|date=April 20, 2021|website=KARE11.com|url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/george-floyd/derek-chauvin-guilty-murder-manslaughter-george-floyd-death/89-aa32108a-288e-4c62-af7d-e42d98589c7e|access-date=May 5, 2021}}</ref> Following Chauvin's conviction, Judge Cahill revoked his bail and Chauvin was taken back into police custody due to flight risks and the dangers of publicity that this case has brought.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox9.com/video/924031|title=Derek Chauvin handcuffed after judge revokes bail following guilty verdict|publisher=Fox 9 News|date=April 20, 2021|accessdate=April 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/549328-chauvin-taken-into-custody-bail-revoked-after-jury-finds-him-guilty-of|title=Chauvin taken into custody, bail revoked after jury finds him guilty of all charges in trial|first=Aris|last=Folley|work=The Hill|date=April 20, 2021|accessdate=April 20, 2021}}</ref>

Chauvin was given a sentence of 22.5 years in custody.<ref name=hayes_04202021/> On May 12, 2021, Judge Cahill allowed for the prosecution to seek a greater prison sentence than the 12.5-year state guideline after finding that Chauvin treated Floyd "with particular cruelty."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.startribune.com/judge-s-ruling-echoes-prosecution-s-points-setting-stage-for-chauvin-getting-longer-sentence/600056317/|title=Judge's ruling echoes prosecution's points, setting stage for Chauvin getting longer sentence|first=Paul|last=Walsh|date=May 12, 2021|accessdate=May 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Arando |first1=Tim |title=Derek Chauvin faces three charges. Here's how his sentencing could unfold. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/20/us/chauvin-sentence-murder.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=May 13, 2021 |date=April 20, 2021}}</ref> Chauvin filed an appeal on April 27, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chappell |first=Bill |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Derek Chauvin appeals his conviction for George Floyd's murder |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/27/1095032337/derek-chauvin-george-floyd-appeal |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref>

=== Federal civil rights proceedings ===
The federal civil rights trial was initially scheduled to include all four officers{{Em dash}}Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and Thao{{Em dash}}and begin in January 2022 with U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson presiding. The four officers were charged federally with abusing their positions as police officers, depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights to be "free from the use of unreasonable force", and failing to give medical aid. All four officers pled not guilty to the charges at a September 14, 2021, arraignment hearing. Chauvin faced an additional federal charge for a 2017 arrest incident of a 14-year old in Minneapolis that he initially pled not guilty to.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Galioto|first=Katie|date=December 4, 2021|title=St. Paul to host federal civil rights trial for ex-Minneapolis cops in Floyd's death|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/george-floyd-case-st-paul-court-federal-civil-rights-trial-for-ex-minneapolis-cops/600123865/|access-date=December 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Yancey-Bragg|first=N'dea|date=September 14, 2021|title=Former Minneapolis police officers plead not guilty to violating George Floyd's civil rights|work=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/09/14/chauvin-lane-keung-thao-federal-civil-rights-case-george-floyd/8330602002/|access-date=September 14, 2021}}</ref> In late 2020, prior to the trial, lawyers for Thao, Lane, and Kueng had sought to sever their case from Chauvin's. In a hearing on November 29, 2021, Magnuson ruled that all four officers would stand trial together.<ref name=":2" />

==== Chauvin pleads guilty ====
Chauvin requested a hearing in December 2021 to offer a revised plea to the federal charges, a legal move that did not apply to the other three officers.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Mannix|first=Andy|date=December 13, 2021|title=Derek Chauvin to change plea in federal civil rights case|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/derek-chauvin-to-change-plea-in-federal-civil-rights-case/600126689/|access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref> He pled guilty on December 15, 2021, to the federal charges of violating the rights of Floyd and for the charge related to the 2017 incident.<ref name=Forliti1215>{{Cite news|last=Forliti|first=Amy|title=Chauvin pleads guilty to federal charges in Floyd's death |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-george-floyd-minneapolis-race-and-ethnicity-st-paul-a8b12b1e3e0fedc1270c659e3428134e|access-date=December 15, 2021|date=December 15, 2021}}</ref> Chauvin admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right to be free from unreasonable seizure, including the right to be free from unreasonable force by a police officer.<ref name=Forliti1215/> Chauvin also admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right not to be deprived of liberty without due process of law, including the right to be free from a police officer's deliberate indifference to Floyd's serious medical needs.<ref name=Hutchinson>{{cite news |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Bill|title=Derek Chauvin pleads guilty to federal charges of violating George Floyd's civil rights |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/derek-chauvin-pleads-guilty-federal-charges-violating-george/story?id=81766309 |work=ABC News |access-date=December 16, 2021|date=December 16, 2021 }}</ref> On July 7, 2022, Judge Magnuson sentenced Chauvin to 21 years, with roughly 17 incarcerated and 5 under supervised release, that will be served concurrently with his state criminal sentence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Montemayor S |first=Stephen |date=July 7, 2022 |title=Derek Chauvin sentenced to more than 20 years in federal civil rights case |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/derek-chauvin-sentenced-to-more-than-20-years-in-federal-civil-rights-case/600188433/ |access-date=July 7, 2022 |quote=Senior U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson sentenced the former Minneapolis police officer to 245 months, to be served concurrently with his 22-1/2-year state prison sentence for Floyd's murder. He will also serve five years of supervised release when he leaves custody in roughly 17 years.}}</ref>

==== Trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao ====
[[File:Warren E. Burger Federal Building (51840843114).jpg|thumb|Security fencing at the Warren E. Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, January 23, 2022]]
The federal civil rights trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was held at a courtroom in the Warren E. Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=January 4, 2022|title=Fence erected around St. Paul federal courthouse ahead of former Minneapolis officers' trial|work=KSTP-TV|url=https://kstp.com/minnesota-news/fence-erected-around-st-paul-federal-courthouse-ahead-of-former-minneapolis-officers-trial/6348924/|access-date=January 4, 2022}}</ref> Jury selection began on January 20, 2022,<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 6, 2022|title=3 other cops in George Floyd death to stand trial this month|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/3-other-cops-george-floyd-death-trial-january/600133262/|access-date=January 6, 2022}}</ref> and opening statements were given by both sides on January 24.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bailey|first=Holly|date=January 24, 2022|title=Opening statements begin in federal trial over George Floyd's killing|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/01/24/opening-statements-begin-federal-trial-over-george-floyds-killing/|access-date=January 24, 2022|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=January 24, 2022|title=Three Minneapolis ex-police officers were indifferent to George Floyd's pleas, jury told|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/derek-chauvins-ex-colleagues-face-trial-over-deadly-minneapolis-arrest-2022-01-24/|website=Reuters}}</ref> The 12-person jury seated for the trial was drawn from across Minnesota. The racial makeup of the jury was described by ''The New York Times'' as appearing to be all-white, a contrast to the more racially diverse jury during Chauvin's criminal trial.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last1=Arango |first1=Tim |last2=Bogel-Burroughs |first2=Nicholas |last3=Senter |first3=Jay |date=February 24, 2022 |title=3 Former Officers Are Convicted of Violating George Floyd's Civil Rights |language=en-US |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/us/guilty-verdict-george-floyds-rights.html |access-date=February 28, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The prosecution's first witness, Katie Blackwell, testified for three days about the department's training and policies regarding use of force.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 31, 2022|title=Minneapolis police trainer takes stand for third day in trial over Floyd killing|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/minneapolis-police-trainer-takes-stand-for-third-day-in-trial-over-floyd-killing/|website=Courthouse News Service}}</ref> During her testimony, Blackwell stated that the officers should have moved Floyd onto his side to prevent him having a cardiac arrest. Andrew Baker, who performed Floyd's autopsy, also took the stand to repeat his testimony from Chauvin's trial.<ref>{{cite web|last=Olson|first=Rob|date=February 1, 2022|title=MPD federal trial: Testimony from police trainer enters 3rd day|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/testimony-from-mpd-inspector-blackwell-enters-third-day.amp|website=FOX 9}}</ref> The court postponed trial proceedings until February 7, after Lane tested positive for [[Medicine:COVID-19|COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Olson|first1=Rochelle|last2=Mannix|first2=Andy|date=February 2, 2022|title=Trial of ex-Minneapolis cops postponed by COVID diagnosis|url=https://m.startribune.com/civil-rights-trial-against-ex-minneapolis-cops-postponed-until-monday-because-defendant-has-covid/600142250/?clmob=y&c=n|website=Star Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=February 7, 2022|title=Trial of 3 ex-cops in Floyd killing to resume after COVID pause|url=https://www.mprnews.org/amp/story/2022/02/07/trial-of-3-cops-in-floyd-killing-to-resume-after-covid-pause|website=MPR News}}</ref>

When the trial resumed, officer Nicole Mackenzie testified that Kueng and Lane were in a medical training course that she instructed, and that her course included lessons in first aid.<ref>{{cite news |last=Karnowski |first=Steve |date=February 8, 2022 |title=Police medical trainer faults officers in Floyd's killing |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-george-floyd-minneapolis-thomas-lane-tou-thao-f4b439de309f349ae9dc41ca84527145 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220211175543/https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-george-floyd-minneapolis-thomas-lane-tou-thao-f4b439de309f349ae9dc41ca84527145 |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dr. David Systrom, a pulmonologist, testified that Floyd's chances of survival could have "doubled or tripled" if the officers performed CPR on him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karnowski |first1=Steve |last2=Webber |first2=Tammy |date=February 7, 2022 |title=Lung expert: Officers could have saved George Floyd's life |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-death-of-george-floyd-health-st-paul-tou-thao-6984f7f45d22479fbda698117402f072 |access-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211180958/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-death-of-george-floyd-health-st-paul-tou-thao-6984f7f45d22479fbda698117402f072 |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Use-of-force expert Tim Longo testified that Chauvin was acting outside of department protocol and the other officers should have intervened to save Floyd,<ref>{{cite news |last=Pagones |first=Stephanie |date=February 14, 2022|title=George Floyd death: Minneapolis police officers' conduct 'inconsistent' with department policy, expert says |url=https://news.yahoo.com/george-floyd-death-minneapolis-police-232532442.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215013608/https://news.yahoo.com/george-floyd-death-minneapolis-police-232532442.html |archive-date=February 15, 2022 |url-status=dead |website=Yahoo!}}</ref> although Lane's defense questioned this view.<ref name="Frazier">{{cite web |last1=Sandberg |first1=Diane |last2=Fischer |first2=Samantha |date=February 14, 2022 |title=Prosecution rests after testimony from Darnella Frazier in federal trial of former Minneapolis officers|url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/george-floyd/minneapolis-police-lane-tao-kueng-george-floyd-civil-rights/89-08a79a03-9ac0-4964-bce2-f7f518b77270 |website=KARE}}</ref> Testimony was also heard from Darnella Frazier, who filmed the initial arrest and Floyd's subsequent murder. The prosecution rested with this testimony.<ref name="Frazier" />

Tou Thao took the stand to testify in his own defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/video/6200599-tou-thao-testifies-in-his-own-defense/ |title=Tou Thao Testifies In His Own Defense |website=CBS Minnesota |date=February 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216054400/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/video/6200599-tou-thao-testifies-in-his-own-defense/ |archive-date=February 16, 2022 }}</ref> Thao claimed that he was not aware that Floyd was suffering medical problems until he was taken into the ambulance, and that the technique of kneeling on a detainee's neck was "not uncommon", although he denied having ever done so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.insider.com/tou-thao-said-he-didnt-know-george-floyd-was-having-medical-problems-2022-2|title=Ex-cop Tou Thao testifies that he wasn't aware that George Floyd was having significant medical problems|last=Niemeyer|first=Kenneth|website=Insider|date=February 15, 2022}}</ref> He admitted that neither Chauvin nor any other officers had administered CPR to Floyd, but claimed he took this to indicate Floyd was breathing.<ref name="Webber">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-george-floyd-minneapolis-thomas-lane-tou-thao-38c2df97682aa44ea09ddbfa7fda14c6 |title=Officer says he assumed fellow cops were caring for Floyd |last1=Karnowski |first1=Steve |last2=Webber |first2=Tammy |website=Associated Press |date=February 15, 2022 }}</ref> Thao also stated that his main role at the scene was "crowd control" rather than to assess Floyd's condition.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=July 11, 2022 |url=https://emilycottontop.com/ex-cop-tou-thao-testifies-in-federal-trial-charged-with-violating-george-floyds-civil-rights-he-had-no-idea-floyd-was-in-medical-distress/|title=Ex-Cop Tou Thao Testifies in Federal Trial – Charged with Violating George Floyd's Civil Rights – He "had no idea" Floyd Was In Medical Distress|website=Emily Cottontop|date=February 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Webber" />

Closing arguments were heard on February 22. Prosecutor Manda Sertich stated that Kueng, Lane, and Thao "chose to do nothing" while Floyd was dying. Defense attorneys stated that the former officers were inexperienced, improperly trained, and that they did not willfully violate Floyd's civil rights.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karnowski |first1=Steve |last2=Webber |first2=Tammy |last3=Forliti |first3=Amy |display-authors=1 |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Prosecutor: 3 cops in Floyd killing 'chose to do nothing' |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-ahmaud-arbery-minneapolis-tou-thao-j-alexander-kueng-34fc487c6dee549deeb844d624d45327 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220224154735/https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-ahmaud-arbery-minneapolis-tou-thao-j-alexander-kueng-34fc487c6dee549deeb844d624d45327 |archive-date=February 24, 2022 |access-date=February 24, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> After deliberating for 13 hours over two days, the jury on February 24 found the former officers guilty on all counts they faced at trial. All three officers were convicted of willfully violating Floyd's constitutional rights by not providing medical care when he lost a pulse. Kueng and Thao were also found guilty of failing to intervene to stop Chauvin from using unreasonable force. After finding them guilty, the jury concluded that the cause of Floyd's death was Chauvin's restraint, which permitted the judge to consider a lengthier sentence than the recommended three to four years in prison.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Olsen|first1=Rochelle|last2=Mannix|first2=Andy|date=February 24, 2022|title=Ex-Minneapolis officers guilty on all civil rights charges related to George Floyd's death|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/deliberations-resume-thursday-in-civil-rights-trial-of-three-former-minneapolis-police-officers/600150079/|access-date=February 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Bill |last2=Klein |first2=Janel |last3=Lloyd |first3=Whitney |display-authors=1 |date=February 24, 2022 |title=Federal jury convicts former cops involved in George Floyd's death |work=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/jury-reaches-verdict-federal-trial-cops-involved-george/story?id=83062622 |access-date=February 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220224223039/https://abcnews.go.com/US/jury-reaches-verdict-federal-trial-cops-involved-george/story?id=83062622 |archive-date=February 24, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The three officers remained free on bond while they awaited a sentencing hearing.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Olson |first1=Rochelle |last2=Mannix |first2=Andy |date=February 25, 2022 |title=After guilty verdict for ex-Minneapolis officers, prison sentences, state trial's fate hangs in balance |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/after-guilty-verdict-for-ex-minneapolis-officers-prison-sentences-state-trials-fate-hangs-in-balance/600150660/ |access-date=February 25, 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, Judge Magnuson sentenced Lane to 2.5 years in prison,<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Chhith |first=Alex |date=2022-08-16 |title=Former officer Thomas Lane, implicated in George Floyd's death, headed to federal prison in Colorado |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/former-officer-thomas-lane-implicated-in-george-floyds-death-headed-to-federal-prison-in-colorado/600198897/ |access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref> Kueng to three years in prison,<ref name="ST20220727" /> and Thao to 3.5 years in prison.<ref name="ST20220727">{{Cite news |last=Montemayor |first=Stephen |date=2022-07-27 |title=Kueng sentenced to 3 years, Thao 3½ years for violating George Floyd's civil rights |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/kueng-thao-to-be-sentenced-in-federal-court-today-for-violating-george-floyds-civil-rights/600193408/ |access-date=2022-07-27}}</ref> Lane was ordered to report to Federal Correctional Institution Englewood in Littleton, Colorado on August 30, 2022.<ref name=":8" />

===Criminal proceedings for Kueng, Lane, and Thao===

==== Kueng and Lane plead guilty ====
The state criminal trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was delayed several times to allow the federal civil rights case to proceed first.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Xiong|first=Chao|date=May 13, 2021|title=State trial postponed to March 2022 for ex-officers charged with aiding and abetting murder in George Floyd death|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/state-trial-postponed-to-march-2022-for-ex-officers-charged-with-aiding-and-abetting-murder-in-georg/600056791/|access-date=May 13, 2021}}</ref> In a ruling on April 26, 2022, Judge Peter Cahill, who also presided over Chauvin's trial, ordered that the proceedings of the trial would not be livestreamed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Judge orders no livestream of trial of 3 former Minneapolis police officers |work=Minnesota Public Radio |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/04/26/judge-orders-no-livestream-of-trial-of-3-former-minneapolis-police-officers |access-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref>

Lane pleaded guilty in Hennepin County District Court on May 18, 2022, to the charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter related to the murder of George Floyd. The charge against Lane for aiding and abetting second-degree murder was dismissed. Lane agreed to a three-year sentence, with two years in prison, to be served concurrently with his civil rights federal conviction.<ref name="lanesentence">{{Cite news |last=Montemayor |first=Stephen |date=2022-07-21 |title=Ex-officer Thomas Lane sentenced to 2 1/2 years in prison for violating George Floyd's civil rights |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/ex-officer-thomas-lane-sentenced-to-2-1-2-years-in-prison-for-violating-george-floyds-civil-rights/600191916/ |access-date=2022-07-21}}</ref><ref name="startribune.com"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Hauser |first=Christine |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Former Minneapolis Officer Pleads Guilty in George Floyd Case |language=en-US |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/18/us/thomas-lane-george-floyd.html |access-date=May 19, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On September 21, 2022, Lane was formally sentenced by the Hennepin County District Court to three years in prison. In the plea agreement, Lane admitted he knew from his training that the manner of Floyd's restraint created a risk of death, that he heard Floyd say he couldn't breathe, and that he was aware of Floyd's deteriorating condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-21 |title=Former Minneapolis police officer Thomas Lane sentenced to 3 years in prison for aiding killing of George Floyd |work=CBS Minnesota |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/thomas-lane-sentenced-3-years-prison-aiding-killing-george-floyd/ |access-date=2022-09-21}}</ref>

At a pre-trial hearing on June 21, 2022, Judge Cahill rejected a motion by attorneys for Kueng and Thao for a change in venue, and the judge set a trial start date in Hennepin County for October 24, 2022.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=Rochelle |date=June 21, 2021 |title=Judge agrees to move trial of two former Minneapolis officers to October in George Floyd's death |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/judge-agrees-to-move-trial-of-two-remaining-minneapolis-officers-to-october-in-george-floyds-death/600183884/ |access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Paul |date=June 6, 2022 |title=State trial for fired Minneapolis police officers Tou Thao, J. Alexander Kueng delayed until January |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/state-trial-for-fired-minneapolis-officers-tou-thao-j-alexander-kueng-delayed-until-january/600179645/ |access-date=June 6, 2022}}</ref> The state offered Kueng and Thao the same plea deal they offered Lane.<ref name=":8" /> In exchange for pleading guilty to the state charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter, the state would drop the abetting second-degree murder charge and the pair would receive a three-year prison sentence to be served consecutively with their federal sentence, but they rejected it at a court hearing on August 15, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannix |first=Andy |date=2022-08-15 |title=Thao, Kueng reject plea deal offered by state prosecutors in George Floyd killing |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/thao-kueng-reject-plea-deal-offered-by-state-prosecutors-in-george-floyd-killing/600198438/ |access-date=2022-08-15}}</ref> In preparation for the trial, unlike the previous criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of the other three offices at the scene of Floyd's death, local officials had not surrounded the courtroom building with barbed-wire security fencing and National Guard troops.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hyatt |first=Kim |date=2022-10-23 |title=State trial begins for two ex-MPD officers over role in George Floyd's murder |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/state-trial-begins-for-two-former-mpd-officers-over-role-in-george-floyds-murder/600218407/ |access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref>

The morning of October 24, 2022, a few hours before the jury selection proceedings were set to begin, Kueng pleaded guilty to the criminal state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter with a recommendation of 42 months in prison,<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Hutchinson |first=Bill |date=2022-10-24 |title=Former police officer J. Alexander Kueng pleads guilty in George Floyd death case |work=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-floyd-death-back-spotlight-trial-begins-cops/story?id=91952769 |access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref> to be served concurrently with his federal sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Elkton in Ohio.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Hyatt |first=Kim |date=2022-10-24 |title=In about face, one of two ex-officers pleads guilty to his role in killing of George Floyd |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/in-about-face-one-of-two-ex-officers-pleads-guilty-to-his-role-in-killing-of-george-floyd/600218526/ |access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last=Hyatt |first=Kim |date=2022-10-24 |title=Kueng pleads guilty to state charges in George Floyd killing; Thao agrees to let judge decide his case |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/in-about-face-one-of-two-ex-officers-pleads-guilty-to-his-role-in-killing-of-george-floyd/600218526/ |access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref> Kueng was formally sentenced by Judge Cahill on December 9, 2022, to the agreed upon sentence which is to be served concurrently to his federal sentence.<ref name=":12" />

==== Evidentiary trial of Thao ====
The same day Kueng pleaded guilty, on October 24, 2022, Thao waved his right to a jury trial in lieu of a trial by stipulated evidence. The legal move required attorneys to submit evidence to the court for review by Peter Cahill, the same judge in Chauvin's criminal trial.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collins |first=Jon |date=2022-10-23 |title=Kueng pleads guilty to aiding manslaughter in George Floyd's killing |work=Minnesota Public Radio |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/10/23/two-former-officers-charged-in-george-floyds-killing-begin-state-court-trial |access-date=2022-10-25}}</ref> Thao was held in a Hennepin County jail while awaiting the outcome. If he is found guilty, his state sentence could range from three to five years.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{cite news |title=J. Alexander Kueng, officer who kneeled on George Floyd's back, sentenced to 3 1/2 years in prison |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/j-alexander-kueng-sentence-george-floyd-death-manslaughter/ |access-date=23 December 2022 |work=www.cbsnews.com |date=9 December 2022}}</ref>

Attorneys for the state and Thao submitted closing arguments to the court on January 31, 2023. The state argued that Thao knew the restraint on Floyd was dangerous and that he encouraged the other officers' actions by holding concerned onlookers back. Attorneys for Thao argued that his role was to control the crowd and the he was unaware that Floyd was not breathing and did not have a pulse. Under Minnesota law, Judge Cahill has 90 days to review evidence agreed to by sets of attorneys—transcripts and exhibits from in the criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao—and issue a determination on Thao's guilt.<ref name=":13" />

== Reaction ==

=== Protests ===
[[File:Protest against police violence - Justice for George Floyd, May 26, 2020 11.jpg|alt=Protester holding up a sign reading # I can't breathe George Floyd '93|thumb|A protest march in Minneapolis, May 26, 2020]]
Floyd's murder resulted in a global protest movement against historic racism and police brutality. In the United States, protests of racial injustice in mid 2020 were the largest since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, and gave way to widespread civil unrest.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Silverstein|first=Jason|date=June 4, 2021|title=The global impact of George Floyd: How Black Lives Matter protests shaped movements around the world|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/george-floyd-black-lives-matter-impact/|access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> Protests began locally on May 26 in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area before quickly, within a few days, spreading nationwide and in over 60 countries internationally supporting Black Lives Matter. Over 2,000 cities in the United States had seen demonstrations as of June 13.<ref name="nytimes_20200613_us">{{Cite news|last1=Burch|first1=Audra D. S.|last2=Cai|first2=Weiyi|last3=Gianordoli|first3=Gabriel|last4=McCarthy|first4=Morrigan|last5=Patel|first5=Jugal K.|date=June 13, 2020|title=How Black Lives Matter Reached Every Corner of America |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-protests-cities-photos.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144003/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-protests-cities-photos.html|archive-date=June 14, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last1=Luscombe|first1=Richard|last2=Ho|first2=Vivian|date=June 7, 2020|title=George Floyd protests enter third week as push for change sweeps America|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/07/george-floyd-protests-enter-third-week|url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614190113/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/07/george-floyd-protests-enter-third-week|archive-date=June 14, 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Many of the demonstrations involved die-ins, with protestors lying down for 8 minutes and 46 seconds, the length of time initial reports said Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Wehelie|first1=Benazir|last2=Woodyatt|first2=Amy|date=June 3, 2020|title='I can't breathe': Hundreds lie down in protest|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/world/gallery/george-floyd-lie-down-intl-scli/index.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=CNN}}</ref> While the majority of protests were peaceful,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lovett|first=Ian|date=June 4, 2020|title=1992 Los Angeles Riots: How the George Floyd Protests Are Different|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-george-floyd-protests-in-los-angeles-differ-from-1992-riots-11591263005|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606193527/https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-george-floyd-protests-in-los-angeles-differ-from-1992-riots-11591263005|archive-date=June 6, 2020|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> demonstrations in some cities descended into riots and looting,<ref>{{cite web|last=Betz|first=Bradford|date=May 31, 2020|title=George Floyd unrest: Riots, fires, violence escalate in several major cities|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/george-floyd-cities-brace-riots-national-guard-troops-mobilize|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601010627/https://www.foxnews.com/us/george-floyd-cities-brace-riots-national-guard-troops-mobilize|archive-date=June 1, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|publisher=Fox News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bbc_52865206">{{Cite news|date=May 31, 2020|title=Widespread unrest as curfews defied across US|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52865206|url-status=live|access-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612215613/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52865206|archive-date=June 12, 2020}}</ref> with more being marked by street skirmishes and significant [[Social:Police brutality|police brutality]], notably against peaceful protesters and reporters.<ref name="washingtonpost_20200605_a9e66568">{{cite news|last1=Kindy|first1=Kimberly|last2=Jacobs|first2=Shayna|last3=Farenthold|first3=David|date=June 5, 2020|title=In protests against police brutality, videos capture more alleged police brutality|language=en|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protests-police-brutality-video/2020/06/05/a9e66568-a768-11ea-b473-04905b1af82b_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606022944/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protests-police-brutality-video/2020/06/05/a9e66568-a768-11ea-b473-04905b1af82b_story.html|archive-date=June 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Derrick Bryson|date=June 8, 2020|title=George Floyd Protests: A Timeline|language=en-US|work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-protests-timeline.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602235547/https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-protests-timeline.html|archive-date=June 2, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At least 200 cities in the U.S. had imposed [[Social:Curfew|curfew]]s by June 3, while more than 30 states and Washington, D.C, activated over 62,000 National Guard personnel due to the mass unrest.<ref name="dwghdf">{{Cite news|last=Norwood|first=Candice|date=June 9, 2020|title='Optics matter.' National Guard deployments amid unrest have a long and controversial history|agency=PBS NewsHour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/optics-matter-national-guard-deployments-amid-unrest-have-a-long-and-controversial-history|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619233426/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/optics-matter-national-guard-deployments-amid-unrest-have-a-long-and-controversial-history|archive-date=June 19, 2020}}</ref><ref name="WarrenBI">{{cite news|last1=Warren|first1=Katy|last2=Hadden|first2=Joey|date=June 4, 2020|title=How all 50 states are responding to the George Floyd protests, from imposing curfews to calling in the National Guard|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-states-response-george-floyd-protests-curfews-national-guard-2020-6|url-status=live|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609212602/https://www.businessinsider.com/us-states-response-george-floyd-protests-curfews-national-guard-2020-6|archive-date=June 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=Sternlicht|first=Alexandra|title=Over 4,400 Arrests, 62,000 National Guard Troops Deployed: George Floyd Protests By The Numbers|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2020/06/02/over-4400-arrests-62000-national-guard-troops-deployed-george-floyd-protests-by-the-numbers/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622065102/https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2020/06/02/over-4400-arrests-62000-national-guard-troops-deployed-george-floyd-protests-by-the-numbers/|archive-date=June 22, 2020|access-date=June 13, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

The protests were initially peaceful, but later there was vandalism of stores. At the 3rd Precinct police station in Minneapolis, windows were broken, a fence was pulled down, and the front entrance was broken into, causing police officers to fire less-than-lethal rounds at the crowd from the building's roof. After staff evacuated the building, it was set on fire.<ref name="twincities_20200528_minneapolis">{{Cite news|last=Woltman|first=Nick|date=May 29, 2020|title=Minneapolis police precinct abandoned, torched; on Twitter, Trump threatens 'thugs'|newspaper=St. Paul Pioneer Press|url=https://www.twincities.com/2020/05/28/minneapolis-police-abandon-third-precinct-hq-as-george-floyd-protesters-pull-down-fences/|url-status=live|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603061052/https://www.twincities.com/2020/05/28/minneapolis-police-abandon-third-precinct-hq-as-george-floyd-protesters-pull-down-fences/|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=ArLuther|date=June 6, 2020|title=Police deny link to mysterious Umbrella Man, who broke windows|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/police-deny-link-mysterious-umbrella-man-who-broke-windows-during-riot/3j8cSrRBHjvnvX0PRwIYIP/}}</ref><ref name="thegrio_20200529_masked">{{Cite news|last=Adams|first=Biba|date=May 29, 2020|title=Masked white man vandalizing Minneapolis AutoZone raises suspicion|website=The Grio|publisher=Entertainment Studios|url=https://thegrio.com/2020/05/29/masked-white-man-smashes-minneapolis-autozone-windows/|url-status=live|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603060129/https://thegrio.com/2020/05/29/masked-white-man-smashes-minneapolis-autozone-windows/|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref name="forbes_20200530_who">{{Cite news|last=Porterfield|first=Carlie|date=May 30, 2020|title=Who Is 'Umbrella Man'? Mystery Vandal At Minneapolis Riot Spurs Conspiracy Theories|website=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2020/05/30/who-is-umbrella-man-mystery-vandal-at-minneapolis-riot-spurs-conspiracies/|url-status=live|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603060128/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2020/05/30/who-is-umbrella-man-mystery-vandal-at-minneapolis-riot-spurs-conspiracies/|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref> A six-story, 200-unit apartment building under construction was also burned.<ref name="twincities_20200528_minneapolis" /> Police in riot gear used [[Chemistry:Tear gas|tear gas]], flash grenades, rubber bullets and smoke bombs, and some protesters threw rocks at the police.<ref name="hundreds" /><ref name="SBS1">{{cite news|date=May 29, 2020|title=How US police responded differently to protesters demanding justice for George Floyd and anti-lockdown rallies|work=SBS News|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/how-us-police-responded-differently-to-protesters-demanding-justice-for-george-floyd-and-anti-lockdown-rallies|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528184645/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/how-us-police-responded-differently-to-protesters-demanding-justice-for-george-floyd-and-anti-lockdown-rallies|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> The media highlighted the apparent differences in aggression between the police response to these protests versus the more restrained response to the 2020 United States anti-lockdown protests featuring gun-wielding white protesters.<ref name="SBS1" /><ref name="vox_20200527_21271811">{{cite news|last1=Zhou|first1=Li|last2=Amaria|first2=Kainaz|date=May 27, 2020|title=These photos capture the stark contrast in police response to the George Floyd protests and the anti-lockdown protests|work=Vox|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/5/27/21271811/george-floyd-protests-minneapolis-lockdown-protests|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529000516/https://www.vox.com/2020/5/27/21271811/george-floyd-protests-minneapolis-lockdown-protests|archive-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> This sentiment also spread on social media by groups such as Black Lives Matter.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1384609598036979712|user=Blklivesmatter|title=Biden is currently sending more military equipment to our neighborhoods than Trump did. You read that right. Our communities are being terrorized at a greater rate than they had been under Trump.|author=Black Lives Matter|date=April 20, 2021|access-date=2022-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jacobson |first1=Louis |last2=Sherman |first2=Amy |date=April 28, 2021 |title=Fact-check: Is Biden sending more military equipment to police than Trump? |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/politics/politifact/2021/04/28/biden-military-equipment-police-black-lives-matter-fact-check/4871259001/ |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Austin American-Statesman |language=en-US |agency=PolitiFact}}</ref><ref name="independent_9536901">{{cite news|last1=Naughtie|first1=Andrew|date=May 29, 2020|title=George Floyd death: Tweet showing difference between Michigan and Minneapolis protests goes viral|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/george-floyd-minneapolis-protests-photos-black-racist-a9536901.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528222155/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/george-floyd-minneapolis-protests-photos-black-racist-a9536901.html|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref>

While peaceful protests continued, others again became violent after sundown, with the pattern repeating for several days.<ref name="cbslocal_20200529_minneapolis">{{Cite web|date=May 29, 2020|title=Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey Addresses City In The Middle Of Night Of Violence|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/29/minneapolis-mayor-jacob-frey-addresses-city-in-the-middle-of-night-of-violence/|access-date=May 29, 2020|website=CBS Minnesota}}</ref><ref name="chaotic scene" /> More than 1,500 businesses were vandalized or destroyed in the Minneapolis{{ndash}}Saint Paul area,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Local businesses damaged by unrest await state aid|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/local-businesses-damaged-by-unrest-await-state-aid/ar-AARWXEw?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=U531#comments|access-date=December 19, 2021|website=www.msn.com}}</ref> including 67 destroyed by fire.<ref name="startribune_569930671">{{Cite news|last1=Penrod|first1=Josh|last2=Sinner|first2=C.J.|date=May 31, 2020|title=Businesses damaged in Minneapolis, St. Paul after riots|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/these-minneapolis-st-paul-buildings-are-damaged-looted-after-george-floyd-protests/569930671/|url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529214540/https://www.startribune.com/these-minneapolis-st-paul-buildings-are-damaged-looted-after-george-floyd-protests/569930671/|archive-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref>

Following the rioting, a nighttime curfew in Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Dakota County was established on May 29. 500 Minnesota National Guard soldiers were later dispatched to the area to enforce the curfew,<ref name="kstp_5743967">{{Cite web|date=May 28, 2020|title=Over 500 National Guard soldiers activated to amid protests regarding George Floyd's death; Frey declares state of emergency in Minneapolis|url=https://kstp.com/news/minnesota-national-guard-activated-to-control-protests-following-george-floyds-death/5743967/|access-date=May 30, 2020|publisher=KSTP|archive-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071519/https://kstp.com/news/minnesota-national-guard-activated-to-control-protests-following-george-floyds-death/5743967/|url-status=dead}}</ref> but to little effect, with about 1,000 protesters being able to march peacefully on Interstate 35 well into curfew.<ref name="cnn_20200529_us">{{Cite web|last1=Almasy|first1=Steve|last2=Andone|first2=Dakin|last3=Karimi|first3=Faith|last4=Sidner|first4=Sara|date=May 30, 2020|title=Unrest mounts across multiple US cities over the death of George Floyd|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/minneapolis-george-floyd-friday/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530061527/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/minneapolis-george-floyd-friday/index.html|archive-date=May 30, 2020|access-date=May 30, 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref>

[[File:Jackyatesgeorgefloyd-13.jpg|thumb|A memorial vigil at Yates High School, from which Floyd graduated, in Houston, Texas |alt=Protester holding up a sign reading # I can't breathe George Floyd '93]]

Mass protests demanding justice for George Floyd, in some cases also to demonstrate against issues with police brutality in their own countries, took place in over 2,000 cities in the United States and around the world,<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Burch|first1=Audra D. S.|last2=Cai|first2=Weiyi|last3=Gianordoli|first3=Gabriel|last4=McCarthy|first4=Morrigan|last5=Patel|first5=Jugal K.|date=June 13, 2020|title=How Black Lives Matter Reached Every Corner of America|language=en-US|work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-protests-cities-photos.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144003/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-protests-cities-photos.html|archive-date=June 14, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> By May 30, 12 U.S. states called up the National Guard,<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 31, 2020|title=National Guard Called up in 11 States to Handle Protests|url=https://www.voanews.com/usa/national-guard-called-11-states-handle-protests|access-date=May 31, 2020|publisher=Voice of America}}</ref> and at least 12 major cities imposed curfews that weekend.<ref name="nbcnews_1219801">{{Cite web|last=Kesslen|first=Ben|date=May 31, 2020|title=Curfews go into effect in cities around the country|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/curfews-go-effect-cities-around-country-george-floyd-protests-continue-n1219801|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531120141/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/curfews-go-effect-cities-around-country-george-floyd-protests-continue-n1219801|archive-date=May 31, 2020|access-date=May 31, 2020|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> By June 14, protests had extended into a third week after Floyd's murder in many cities, accompanied by calls to reform and defund police departments throughout the United States.<ref name="auto" />

=== Memorials ===
[[File:George Floyd Tributes Outside Cup Foods Minneapolis.jpg|thumb|A makeshift memorial outside the store where Floyd was murdered]] [[File:LastmileGeorgeFloydprocession6920-32.jpg|thumb|Along Floyd's funeral procession route in Pearland, Texas, on June 9|alt=Protesters along funeral procession wearing COVID mass and holding signs]]
The area near the location where Floyd was murdered became a makeshift memorial throughout May 26, with many placards paying tribute to him and referencing the Black Lives Matter movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/us/gallery/george-floyd-demonstrations/index.html |title=In pictures: Protesting the death of George Floyd |date=May 27, 2020 |access-date=May 27, 2020 |publisher=CNN | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200528081222/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/us/gallery/george-floyd-demonstrations/index.html | archive-date = May 28, 2020 | url-status = live}}</ref> As the day progressed, more people came to demonstrate against Floyd's murder. Hundreds of people,<ref name=kstp_5741748>{{cite news |title=Demonstrators gather around Minneapolis to protest death of George Floyd |url=https://kstp.com/news/protesters-block-minneapolis-intersection-near-site-of-mans-in-custody-death-george-floyd/5741748/ |access-date=May 26, 2020 |publisher=KSTP |date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528193258/https://kstp.com/news/protesters-block-minneapolis-intersection-near-site-of-mans-in-custody-death-george-floyd/5741748/ |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=time_5842687>{{Cite news |first1=Jasmine |last1=Aguilera |first2=Josiah |last2=Bates |date=May 27, 2020 |url=https://time.com/5842687/george-floyd-killed-minneapolis-police/ |title=Family and Friends Mourn Minneapolis Police Killing Victim George Floyd |magazine=Time|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528184828/https://time.com/5842687/george-floyd-killed-minneapolis-police/|archive-date=May 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=hundreds /><ref name=fox5sandiego_20200527>{{Cite news |work=Fox 5 San Diego |url=https://fox5sandiego.com/news/national-news/hundreds-fill-streets-in-protest-of-george-floyds-death/ |title=Hundreds fill streets in protest of George Floyd's death |date=May 27, 2020|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528191842/https://fox5sandiego.com/news/national-news/hundreds-fill-streets-in-protest-of-george-floyds-death/|archive-date=May 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> then marched to the 3rd Precinct of the Minneapolis Police.<ref name="hundreds">{{cite news |title=Hundreds Of Protesters March in Minneapolis After George Floyd's Deadly Encounter With Police |first=Jeff |last=Wagner |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/hundreds-of-protesters-march-in-minneapolis-after-george-floyds-deadly-encounter-with-police/ |access-date=May 26, 2020 |publisher=WCCO |date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527213325/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/hundreds-of-protesters-march-in-minneapolis-after-george-floyds-deadly-encounter-with-police/ |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Participants used posters and slogans with phrases such as "Justice for George", "[[Biology:I can't breathe|I can't breathe]]", and "Black Lives Matter".<ref name=cnn_20200527_us>{{Cite web |title=In pictures: Protesting the death of George Floyd |date=May 27, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/us/gallery/george-floyd-demonstrations/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528081222/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/us/gallery/george-floyd-demonstrations/index.html |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> On September 18, the Minneapolis City Council approved designating the section of Chicago Avenue between 37th and 39th Streets as George Perry Floyd Jr. Place, with a marker at the intersection with 38th Street where the incident took place. The intersection has been closed and occupied by demonstrators who said they won't leave until their demands regarding anti-racism and property tax are met.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/minneapolis-to-name-stretch-of-chicago-avenue-for-george-floyd/ar-BB19bMl5|title=Minneapolis to name stretch of Chicago Avenue for George Floyd|last=Navratil|first=Liz|work=Star Tribune|date=September 19, 2020|access-date=September 20, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027183903/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/minneapolis-to-name-stretch-of-chicago-avenue-for-george-floyd/ar-BB19bMl5|url-status=live}}</ref>

A public memorial, with Al Sharpton delivering the eulogy, was held June 4 at [[Organization:North Central University|North Central University]] in Minneapolis.<ref name="cnn_640097b0300eb">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/george-floyd-protests-06-02-20/h_fa568d91fa675b94bee640097b0300eb |first1=Jessie |last1=Yeung |first2=Steve |last2=George |first3=Melissa |last3=Macaya |first4=Meg |last4=Wagner |first5=Mike |last5=Hayes |first6=Daniella |last6=Diaz |title=George Floyd will be remembered at Minneapolis memorial Thursday |publisher=CNN |date=June 2, 2020 |access-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603073028/https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/george-floyd-protests-06-02-20/h_fa568d91fa675b94bee640097b0300eb|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A public viewing and a family memorial was held in Raeford, North Carolina on June 6, near Floyd's hometown.<ref name="nbcnews_1226576">{{Cite news |date=June 6, 2020 |title=Don't let George Floyd's death 'be in vain,' speakers say at N. Carolina memorial service |first=Minyvonne |last=Burke |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/george-floyd-memorial-north-carolina-sheriff-s-officers-escort-his-n1226576 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |publisher=NBC News |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819000421/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/george-floyd-memorial-north-carolina-sheriff-s-officers-escort-his-n1226576 |url-status=live }}</ref> Floyd's family held a public memorial in Houston on June 8, and a private service on June 9. The family said professional boxer Floyd Mayweather paid for the services.<ref name="cnn_991df9768">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/george-floyd-protests-06-02-20/h_da5f5c6e3ecc02aa143135e991df9768 |title=Floyd family says public memorial service will be held in Houston on Monday |publisher=CNN |last=Lemos |first=Gregory |date=June 2, 2020 |access-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071523/https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/george-floyd-protests-06-02-20/h_da5f5c6e3ecc02aa143135e991df9768|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thehill_500594">{{Cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/500594-floyd-mayweather-to-cover-the-costs-for-george-floyds-funeral |title=Floyd Mayweather to cover the costs for George Floyd's funeral, rep says |first=Aris |last=Folley |date=June 1, 2020 |website=The Hill|access-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071522/https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/500594-floyd-mayweather-to-cover-the-costs-for-george-floyds-funeral|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Floyd's body was on public view on June 8 in his hometown of Houston. Former Vice President and the 2020 presumptive and eventual Democratic nominee, Joe Biden, met with the Floyd family privately and gave a video message at the funeral. Floyd is buried next to his mother in Pearland, Texas.<ref name="apnews_20200608">{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/98f81b8baa3a7d20e98f8b085f98536b |title=Floyd's casket arrives at Houston church for public viewing |date=June 8, 2020 |work=Associated Press |access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608153221/https://apnews.com/98f81b8baa3a7d20e98f8b085f98536b|archive-date=June 8, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cnn_20200608_us">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/08/us/george-floyd-houston-visitation/index.html |title=Mourners visit George Floyd's casket in Houston to pay respects |first=Jay |last=Croft |date=June 8, 2020 |publisher=CNN|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608153217/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/08/us/george-floyd-houston-visitation/index.html|archive-date=June 8, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbslocal_20200607_george">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/george-floyd-body-returns-houston-memorial-service-funeral/ |title=George Floyd's Body Returns To Houston For Memorial Service, Funeral |website=CBS News |date=June 7, 2020|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607231940/https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2020/06/07/george-floyd-body-returns-houston-memorial-service-funeral/|archive-date=June 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

The length of time that Chauvin was originally reported to have had his knee on Floyd's neck, 8:46, was widely commemorated as a "moment of silence" to honor Floyd.<ref name="usatoday_20200608_democrats">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/08/democrats-gather-silence-honor-george-floyd-ahmaud-arbery/3155884001/ |title=Democrats unveil sweeping police reform bill, honor George Floyd with 8 minutes, 46 seconds of silence |first=William|last=Cummings|author2=Ledyard King|author3=Christal Hayes | date=June 8, 2020 |work=USA Today |access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612024021/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/08/democrats-gather-silence-honor-george-floyd-ahmaud-arbery/3155884001/|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="marketwatch_20200609">{{cite news |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-york-stock-exchange-observes-moment-of-silence-in-honor-of-george-floyds-funeral-2020-06-09 |title=New York Stock Exchange observe 8 minutes and 46 seconds of silence in honor of George Floyd's memory |last=DeCambre |first=Mark |date=June 9, 2020 |work=Market Watch |access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611054537/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-york-stock-exchange-observes-moment-of-silence-in-honor-of-george-floyds-funeral-2020-06-09|archive-date=June 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also used in chants, protest signs, and messages,<ref name="nytimes_20200604_us">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/04/us/ap-us-america-protests-eight-minutes.html |title=8:46: A Number Becomes a Potent Symbol of Police Brutality |date=June 4, 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604122253/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/04/us/ap-us-america-protests-eight-minutes.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> as were the words "I can't breathe".<ref name="wbur_20200529_i">{{cite news |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/05/29/i-cant-breathe-eric-garner-george-floyd-protests |title='I Can't Breathe': A Rallying Cry For Protests |last1=Long |first1=Colleen |last2=Hajeela |first2=Deepti |date=May 29, 2020 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=WBUR |access-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612201754/https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/05/29/i-cant-breathe-eric-garner-george-floyd-protests|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other reactions ===

A variety of people and organizations reacted to Floyd's murder. Numerous statues and monuments honoring persons or events associated with slavery and racism were vandalized, removed, or destroyed during the protests in the U.S. and elsewhere.

== Aftermath ==
Darnella Frazier, the 17-year-old who filmed Floyd's restraint on her cell phone, received the 2020 PEN/Benenson Courage Award from PEN America.<ref name="ST-Walsh-2020">{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Paul|date=December 10, 2020|title=Minneapolis teen receives prestigious award for recording George Floyd video|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/spike-lee-honors-minneapolis-teen-with-courage-award-for-recording-george-floyd-video/573356231/|access-date=April 7, 2021}}</ref><ref name="PEN-2020">{{Cite news|date=October 27, 2020|title=PEN America to Honor Darnella Frazier, Young Woman Who Documented George Floyd's Murder|work=PEN America|url=https://pen.org/press-release/pen-america-to-honor-darnella-frazier-young-woman-who-documented-george-floyds-murder/|access-date=April 7, 2021}}</ref> The award was presented to her at an awards ceremony in December 2020 by film director Spike Lee.<ref name="ST-Walsh-2020" /> PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel said that Frazier's act sparked a "bold movement demanding an end to systemic anti-black racism and violence at the hands of police."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adolescente que filmou últimos momentos de George Floyd será premiada por coragem|language=pt-BR|work=BBC News Brasil|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-55121642|url-status=live|access-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129132157/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-55121642|archive-date=November 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name="WCCO-2020">{{Cite news|date=October 27, 2020|title=Teen Who Filmed George Floyd's Fatal Arrest To Receive 2020 PEN/Benenson Courage Award|publisher=WCCO-TV|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/10/27/teen-who-filmed-george-floyds-fatal-arrest-to-receive-2020-pen-benenson-courage-award/|access-date=April 7, 2021}}</ref> In June 2021, Frazier also received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 2021 for her video.<ref>[https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/darnella-frazier www.pulitzer.org] (''For courageously recording the murder of George Floyd, a video that spurred protests against police brutality around the world, highlighting the crucial role of citizens in journalists' quest for truth and justice.'')</ref> The staff of the ''Star Tribune'' received the prize for Breaking News Reporting for their coverage of protests.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=June 11, 2021|title=Star Tribune wins Pulitzer for George Floyd reporting; Darnella Frazier also cited|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/star-tribune-wins-pulitzer-prize-for-george-floyd-reporting/600067256/|access-date=June 11, 2021}}</ref>

Chokeholds and other neck restraints were banned or restricted by at least 17 state legislatures in the year after Floyd's murder.<ref name=eagly>{{cite journal | journal=Indiana Law Journal | volume=97 | issue=1 | date=2022 | last1=Eagly | first1=Ingrid V. | last2=Schwartz | first2=Joanna C. | title=Lexipol's Fight Against Police Reform| ssrn=3869120 | url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3869120}}</ref>

== See also ==
* 2020 American athlete strikes
* 2020–2022 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest
* Killing of Tony Timpa who died in a similar way while in police custody (Dallas, 2016)
* List of killings by law enforcement officers in Minnesota
* Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States
* List of law enforcement officers convicted for an on-duty killing in the United States

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal|last1=Dreyer|first1=Benard P.|last2=Trent|first2=Maria|last3=Anderson|first3=Ashaunta T.|last4=Askew|first4=George L.|last5=Boyd|first5=Rhea|last6=Coker|first6=Tumaini R.|last7=Coyne-Beasley|first7=Tamera|last8=Fuentes-Afflick|first8=Elena|last9=Johnson|first9=Tiffani|last10=Mendoza|first10=Fernando|last11=Montoya-Williams|first11=Diana|date=September 1, 2020|title=The Death of George Floyd: Bending the Arc of History Toward Justice for Generations of Children|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/146/3/e2020009639|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=146|issue=3|pages=e2020009639|doi=10.1542/peds.2020-009639|issn=0031-4005|pmid=32591435|ref=none|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Hart |first=Carl L. |date=July 22, 2020 |title=Exaggerating Harmful Drug Effects on the Brain Is Killing Black People |journal=Neuron |language=en |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=215–218 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.019 |pmid=32615067 |pmc=7328574 |issn=0896-6273 |ref=none|doi-access=free }}

==External links==
* [https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530173331/https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf |date=May 30, 2020 }}, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. May 29, 2020.
* [http://mncourts.gov/mncourtsgov/media/High-Profile-Cases/27-CR-20-12646/AmendedComplaint06032020.pdf Amended Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin''], Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. June 3, 2020.
* [https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/2020/docs/Complaint_Kueng.pdf Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. J Alexander Kueng''], Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District. June 3, 2020.
* [https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/2020/docs/Complaint_Lane.pdf Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. Thomas Kiernan Lane''], Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12951. June 3, 2020.
* [https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/2020/docs/Complaint_Thoa.pdf Complaint – ''State of Minnesota v. Tou Thao''], Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12949. June 3, 2020.
* [https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/MNHENNE/2020/06/01/file_attachments/1464238/2020-3700%20Floyd,%20George%20Perry%20Update%206.1.2020.pdf ''Press Release Report: Floyd George Perry''], Case No: 2020–3700. Hennepin County Medical Examiner. June 1, 2020.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200604001830/https://www.hennepin.us/-/media/hennepinus/residents/public-safety/documents/Autopsy_2020-3700_Floyd.pdf/ Autopsy Report, George Floyd, Deceased], ME No.: 20–3700. Hennepin County Medical Examiner. June 1, 2020. (20 pages.)
* [https://mn.gov/mdhr/assets/Order%20signed%20by%20Judge%206.8.20_tcm1061-435169.pdf Stipulation and Order, ''State of Minnesota v. City of Minneapolis Police Department''], Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CV-20-8182. June 8, 2020. Stipulation between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Department of Human Rights and preliminary injunction.
* [https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/7070-exhibit-final07072020/4b81216735f2203a08cb/optimized/full.pdf#page=1 Transcripts of audio] of Floyd's last moments, as recorded on Minneapolis police body camera footage and publicly filed on the state court record on July 8, 2020


{{DEFAULTSORT:Floyd, George}}
[[Category:Police brutality]]

{{Sourceattribution|Murder of George Floyd|1}}