View source for Biography:Sam Brownback

{{Short description|American politician and diplomat (born 1956)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name         = Sam Brownback
| image        = Sam Brownback official photo.jpg
| office       = United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom
| president    = Donald Trump
| term_start   = February 1, 2018
| term_end     = January 20, 2021
| predecessor  = David Saperstein
| successor    = Rashad Hussain
| order1       = 46th Governor of Kansas
| lieutenant1  = Jeff Colyer
| term_start1  = January 10, 2011
| term_end1    = January 31, 2018
| predecessor1 = Mark Parkinson
| successor1   = Jeff Colyer
| jr/sr2       = United States Senator
| state2       = {{wipe|Kansas}}
| term_start2  = November 7, 1996
| term_end2    = January 3, 2011
| predecessor2 = Sheila Frahm
| successor2   = Jerry Moran
| state3       = {{wipe|Kansas}}
| district3    = {{ushr|KS|2|2nd}}
| term_start3  = January 3, 1995
| term_end3    = November 7, 1996
| predecessor3 = Jim Slattery
| successor3   = Jim Ryun
| office4      = Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas
| governor4    = John W. Carlin<br />Mike Hayden<br />Joan Finney
| term_start4  = September 18, 1986
| term_end4    = July 30, 1993
| predecessor4 = Harland Priddle<ref name=kansasmemory>{{cite web |title=Harland E. Priddle |url=http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203655 |website=Kansas Memory |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203247/http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203655 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| successor4   = Philip Fishburn<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203653|title=Philip A. Fishburn - Kansas Memory|website=www.kansasmemory.org|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-date=January 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005812/http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203653|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_name   = Samuel Dale Brownback
| birth_date   = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1956|9|12}}}}
| birth_place  = Garnett, Kansas, U.S.
| death_date   = 
| death_place  = 
| party        = Republican
| spouse       = {{marriage|Mary Stauffer|1982}}
| children     = 5
| education    = [[Organization:Kansas State University|Kansas State University]] (BA)<br />[[Organization:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] ([[Social:Juris Doctor|JD]])
| signature    = Sam Brownback Signature.svg
| module       = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Sen. Sam Brownback on the Death of Sen. Robert Byrd.ogg|title=Sam Brownback's voice|type=speech|description=Sam Brownback on the death of his Senate colleague, Robert Byrd<br/>Recorded June 30, 2010}}
}}
'''Samuel Dale Brownback''' (born September 12, 1956) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat who served as a United States senator from {{wipe|Kansas}} from 1996 to 2011 and as the 46th governor of Kansas from 2011 to 2018. A member of the Republican Party, Brownback also served as the United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom during the administration of President Donald Trump and was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 2008.

Born in Garnett, Kansas, Brownback grew up on a family farm in Parker, Kansas. He graduated from [[Organization:Kansas State University|Kansas State University]] with a degree in agricultural economics in 1978 and received a [[Social:Juris Doctor|J.D.]] from the [[Organization:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] in 1982. He worked as an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas, before being appointed Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas in 1986 by Democratic Governor John W. Carlin. Brownback ran for Congress in 1994 and defeated Carlin in the general election in a landslide. He represented Kansas's 2nd congressional district for a single term before running in a 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously held by Bob Dole. He won the election and was reelected by large margins in 1998 and 2004. Brownback ran for president in 2008, but withdrew before the primaries began and endorsed eventual Republican nominee John McCain.<ref name="rasmussenreports1">{{cite web |title=Election 2010: Kansas Governor – Rasmussen Reports |url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_governor_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_governor |publisher=Rasmussenreports.com |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304115057/http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_governor_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_governor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=183 |title=Election 2010 |publisher=CQ Politics |access-date=August 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825075820/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=183 |archive-date=August 25, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cookpolitical.com/charts/governors/raceratings_2010-02-04_10-04-22.php |title=The Cook Political Report – Charts – 2010 Governors Race Ratings |publisher=Cookpolitical.com |date=February 4, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028142644/http://cookpolitical.com/charts/governors/raceratings_2010-02-04_10-04-22.php |archive-date=October 28, 2010 }}</ref>

Brownback declined to run for reelection in 2010, instead running for governor. He was elected governor of Kansas in 2010 and took office in January 2011. As governor, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas history, known as the [[Finance:Kansas experiment|Kansas experiment]].<ref name="kansas.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.kansas.com/2012/05/24/2346375/kansas-small-business-owners-say.html |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Kansas small-business owners say elimination of income tax is a big help |work=The Wichita Eagle |access-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234642/http://www.kansas.com/2012/05/24/2346375/kansas-small-business-owners-say.html |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tax cuts caused state revenues to fall by hundreds of millions of dollars and created large budget shortfalls.<ref name=fivethirtyeight>{{cite news|last1=Casselman|first1=Ben|last2=Koerth-Baker|first2=Maggie|last3=Barry-Jester|first3=Anna Maria|last4=Cheng|first4=Michelle|title=The Kansas Experiment Is Bad News For Trump's Tax Cuts|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-kansas-experiment-is-bad-news-for-trumps-tax-cuts/|access-date=October 4, 2017|work=FiveThirtyEight|date=June 9, 2017|archive-date=October 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005051642/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-kansas-experiment-is-bad-news-for-trumps-tax-cuts/|url-status=live}}</ref> A major budget deficit led to cuts in areas including education and transportation.<ref name="ks_legis_approves_2017_06_06_cjonline_com">[http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-05-02/kansas-legislature-approves-budget-deal-after-lawmakers "Kansas Legislature approves budget deal, after lawmakers deliver blistering critiques of state finances,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034640/http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-05-02/kansas-legislature-approves-budget-deal-after-lawmakers |date=October 4, 2017 }} May 2, 2016, ''Topeka Capital-Journal''</ref><ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic">[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/the-republican-blowback-against-sam-brownback-kansas/517641/ "Kansas Republicans Sour on Their Tax-Cut Experiment"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035353/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/the-republican-blowback-against-sam-brownback-kansas/517641/ |date=October 4, 2017 }} February 24, 2017, ''The Atlantic''</ref> In a repudiation of the [[Finance:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]], in 2013 Brownback turned down a $31.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up a public health insurance exchange for Kansas.<ref name="Politico.Com">{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60967.html |title=Kansas returns $31.5M exchange grant – Jason Millman and Kate Nocera |date=August 9, 2011 |publisher=Politico |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126122859/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60967.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2013, he signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions, and declared that life begins at fertilization.<ref name="kansascity.com">{{cite news|title=Brownback signs sweeping anti-abortion bill|url=http://www.kansascity.com/2013/04/19/4191877/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-sweeping.html|access-date=April 25, 2013|agency=Associated Press|date=April 19, 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421160123/http://www.kansascity.com/2013/04/19/4191877/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-sweeping.html|archive-date=April 21, 2013}}</ref> In the run-up to the 2014 gubernatorial election, over 100 former and current Kansas Republican officials criticized Brownback's leadership and endorsed his Democratic opponent, Paul Davis.<ref name="davis_secures_2014_07_15_wichita_eagle">[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article1148593.html "Paul Davis secures endorsement of more than 100 former and current Republican officials,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127062617/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article1148593.html |date=November 27, 2017 }} July 15, 2014, ''Wichita Eagle''</ref><ref name="some_in_kansas_2017_06_06_wsj_com">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/some-in-kansas-gop-break-with-gov-brownback-endorse-democratic-opponent-1405441534 "Some in Kansas GOP Break With Gov. Brownback, Endorse Democratic Opponent,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131092207/https://www.wsj.com/articles/some-in-kansas-gop-break-with-gov-brownback-endorse-democratic-opponent-1405441534 |date=January 31, 2018 }} July 15, 2014, ''{{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}''</ref><ref name="nyt-experiment">{{cite news |work= {{wipe|The New York Times}} |title= Conservative Experiment Faces Revolt in Reliably Red Kansas |date= September 14, 2014 |access-date= September 15, 2014 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-revolt-in-reliably-red-kansas.html |first= John |last= Eligon |archive-date= September 15, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140915125612/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-revolt-in-reliably-red-kansas.html |url-status= live }}</ref> Despite this, Brownback was narrowly reelected.<ref name= closerace>[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/election/article3565951.html Sam Brownback prevails over Paul Davis for second term as Kansas governor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728074305/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/election/article3565951.html |date=July 28, 2017 }}, ''Wichita Eagle'', Byron Lowry & Suzanne Perez Tobias, November 4, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</ref> In June 2017, the Kansas Legislature repealed Brownback's tax cuts, overrode Brownback's veto of the repeal, and enacted tax increases.<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017"/> Brownback left office as one of the least popular governors in the country.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539825404/kansas-governor-ends-tenure-as-one-of-least-popular-in-country|title=Kansas Governor Ends Tenure As One Of Least Popular In Country|last=Koranda|first=Stephen|date=July 27, 2017|work=NPR|access-date=March 22, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=March 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322180859/https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539825404/kansas-governor-ends-tenure-as-one-of-least-popular-in-country|url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 26, 2017, the Trump administration announced that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.<ref name="NYTimesRelAmb07262017">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Mitch |last2=Fortin |first2=Jacey |date=July 26, 2017 |title=Gov. Sam Brownback of Kansas Will Be Nominated as Religious Ambassador |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/us/politics/sam-brownback-kansas-ambassador-international-religious-freedom.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |location=New York City |access-date=July 27, 2017 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811105819/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/us/politics/sam-brownback-kansas-ambassador-international-religious-freedom.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article |url-status=live }}</ref> Brownback was confirmed in January 2018 in a party-line vote; Vice President Mike Pence cast the necessary tie-breaking votes to end a filibuster and to confirm his nomination.<ref name=pends>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/370556-pence-ends-filibuster-on-brownback-nomination|title=Pence ends filibuster on Brownback nomination|first=Brandon|last=Conradis|date=January 24, 2018|newspaper=The Hill|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125024239/http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/370556-pence-ends-filibuster-on-brownback-nomination|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback resigned as governor of Kansas effective January 31, 2018,<ref name=resigning>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/25/kansas-gov-sam-brownback-resigns-to-take-trump-administration-role.html |title=Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback resigns to take Trump administration role |publisher=Fox News |date=January 25, 2018 |access-date=January 25, 2018 |first=Alex |last=Pappas |archive-date=January 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125172838/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/25/kansas-gov-sam-brownback-resigns-to-take-trump-administration-role.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom on February 1, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ksnt.com/2018/02/01/brownback-sworn-in-as-u-s-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom/|title=Brownback sworn in as U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom|last=Dulle|first=Brian|date=February 1, 2018|work=KSNT|access-date=August 13, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=February 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207013354/http://ksnt.com/2018/02/01/brownback-sworn-in-as-u-s-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom/|url-status=live}}</ref> His ambassadorial tenure ended in January 2021.

==Early life and education==
Sam Brownback was born on September 12, 1956, in Garnett, Kansas, to Nancy (Cowden) and Glen Robert Brownback.<ref>{{cite web|title=Partial Genealogy of the Brownbacks (of Kansas)|url=http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/PDF%20Content/Brownback-KS-1.pdf|website=Political Family Tree|publisher=CLP Research|access-date=June 11, 2017|archive-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213190104/http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/PDF%20Content/Brownback-KS-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RootsWeb - Samuel Dale Brownback |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/senators/brownback.htm |website=Learning Centers at Ancestry.com |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-date=November 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109042622/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/senators/brownback.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas. Some of Brownback's German-American ancestors settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War.<ref name="Weekly">{{cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/511umjoo.asp|author=Eastland, Terry|pages=1–3|title=Mr. Compassionate Conservative|work=The Weekly Standard|volume=011|issue=44|date=August 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120703153805/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/511umjoo.asp|archive-date=July 3, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Throughout his youth, Brownback was involved with the FFA (formerly the Future Farmers of America), serving as president of his local and state FFA chapters, and as national FFA vice president from 1976 to 1977.<ref>{{cite web|website=National FFA Organization |url=http://www.ffa.org/about_ffa/html/ffa_formermembers.html |title=Prominent Former Members |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829035509/http://www.ffa.org/about_ffa/html/ffa_formermembers.html |archive-date=August 29, 2006}}</ref>

After graduating from Prairie View High School, Brownback attended [[Organization:Kansas State University|Kansas State University]],<ref>{{cite news|website=K-State Media Relations|publisher=Kansas State University|url=http://www.k-state.edu/media/newsreleases/landonlect/brownbacktext206.html|title=Sam Brownback, U.S. Senator, Kansas, Landon Lecture|date=February 22, 2006|access-date=December 28, 2008|archive-date=July 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703145022/http://www.k-state.edu/media/newsreleases/landonlect/brownbacktext206.html|url-status=live}}</ref> where was elected student body president and became a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho agricultural fraternity. After graduating from college in 1978 with a degree in Agricultural Economics in 1978,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://brownback.com/meet-the-governor/|title=Sam Brownback|publisher=brownback.com|access-date=October 7, 2018|archive-date=October 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008062716/http://brownback.com/meet-the-governor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> he spent about a year working as a radio broadcaster for the now-defunct KSAC farm department, hosting a weekly half-hour show.<ref name="Weekly"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kapochunas|first1=Rachel|title=Brownback, Set to Launch GOP White House Bid, Will Fight from the Right|url=https://www.nytimes.com/cq/2007/01/18/cq_2142.html|access-date=June 11, 2017|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=January 18, 2007|archive-date=February 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222195525/http://www.nytimes.com/cq/2007/01/18/cq_2142.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback received his [[Social:Juris Doctor|J.D.]] from the [[Organization:University of Kansas|University of Kansas]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rhodes|first1=Carla|title=Candidate Profile Sam Brownback|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/candidate-profile-sam-brownback/|website=CBS News|date=August 22, 2007|access-date=June 10, 2017|archive-date=July 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703014536/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/candidate-profile-sam-brownback/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early career==
Brownback was an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas,<ref name="Weekly"/> before being appointed as Kansas Secretary of Agriculture by Governor John W. Carlin on September 18, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/310846533/?terms=sam+brownback|title=19 Sep 1986, 25 - The Springfield News-Leader at Newspapers.com|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055057/https://www.newspapers.com/image/310846533/?terms=sam+brownback|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/2271301/?terms=But+six+days+after+his+30th+birthday+in+September+1986+Brownback+was+hired+by+the+state+Board+of+Agriculture+as+secretary|title=27 Dec 1994, Page 3 - The Salina Journal at Newspapers.com|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055155/https://www.newspapers.com/image/2271301/?terms=But+six+days+after+his+30th+birthday+in+September+1986+Brownback+was+hired+by+the+state+Board+of+Agriculture+as+secretary|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1990, he was accepted into the White House Fellow program and detailed to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative from 1990 to 1991. Brownback returned to Kansas to resume his position as Secretary of Agriculture. He left his post on July 30, 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/981681/?terms=Secretary+of+Agriculture+Sam+Brownback|title=14 Jul 1993, Page 1 - The Salina Journal at Newspapers.com|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054945/https://www.newspapers.com/image/981681/?terms=Secretary%20of%20Agriculture%20Sam%20Brownback|url-status=live}}</ref> He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 and ran in the 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat recently vacated by Bob Dole.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/05/us/race-for-dole-s-senate-seat-provokes-ideological-split.html|title=Race for Dole's Senate Seat Provokes Ideological Split|last=Johnson|first=Dirk|date=August 5, 1996|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|access-date=October 4, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415190901/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/05/us/race-for-dole-s-senate-seat-provokes-ideological-split.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==U.S. Senator (1996–2011)==

===Elections===
Sheila Frahm was appointed to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Bob Dole when Dole resigned in 1996 to campaign for president. Brownback defeated Frahm in the 1996 Republican primary and went on to win the general election against Democrat Jill Docking.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sam Brownback's Blind Ambition Tour|author=Max Blumenthal|work=The Nation|date=June 20, 2005|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/sam-brownbacks-blind-ambition-tour|access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-date=July 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721100215/http://www.thenation.com/article/sam-brownbacks-blind-ambition-tour|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, the Federal Election Commission assessed fines and penalties against Brownback's campaign committee and against his in-laws for improper 1996 campaign contributions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Before the Federal Election Commission in the Matter of Sam Brownback for US Senate Committee and Alan Goesbeck, as treasurer |work=www.fec.gov |url=https://www.fec.gov/files/legal/murs/current/93813.pdf |access-date=October 24, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074037/https://www.fec.gov/files/legal/murs/current/93813.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of these improper contributions, the campaign was ordered to pay the government $19,000 and Brownback's in-laws, John and Ruth Stauffer, were ordered to pay a $9,000 civil penalty for improperly funneling contributions through Triad Management Services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brownback campaign and in-laws penalized|author=Mike Hall|work=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=December 6, 2002|url=http://cjonline.com/stories/120602/com_brownback.shtml#.We-zy1uPIdU|access-date=October 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025131955/http://cjonline.com/stories/120602/com_brownback.shtml#.We-zy1uPIdU|archive-date=October 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1998, Brownback was elected to a full six-year term, defeating Democrat Paul Feleciano.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kssos.org/elections/98elec/98elm/98gen1.html |title=Official 1998 Kansas General Election Results |website=kssos.org |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409190948/https://www.kssos.org/elections/98elec/98elm/98gen1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He won reelection in the 2004 Senate election with 69% of the vote, defeating Democratic former lobbyist Lee Jones.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE 2004 ELECTIONS; The Senate|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=November 4, 2004|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE3DC173CF937A35752C1A9629C8B63|access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE3DC173CF937A35752C1A9629C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref>

Throughout his U.S. Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch brothers of Wichita-based Koch Industries, who donated more to Brownback than to any other political candidate during this period.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle">Lowry, Bryan, [http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article4487101.html "Governor: Koch Industries has no undue influence in Kansas politics,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006112046/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article4487101.html |date=October 6, 2017 }} December 14, 2014, ''Wichita Eagle'' October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com">Helling, Dave, and David Klepper, [http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24593650.html "Democrats highlight Brownback's ties to Koch brothers,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006062401/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24593650.html |date=October 6, 2017 }} September 19, 2010, ''Kansas City Star'' in McClatchy News Service Washington Bureau website, retrieved October 5, 2017</ref>

===Tenure===
[[File:Angelina Jolie Sam Brownback 2003.jpg|thumb|Senators Brownback and Feinstein in 2003, shown with Angelina Jolie, the Goodwill Ambassador for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, call for bipartisan legislation to reform the treatment of unaccompanied alien minors.]]
Brownback was a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Appropriations Committee (where he chaired the Subcommittee on District of Columbia when the Republicans were in the majority), the Joint Economic Committee, and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, which he at one time chaired. The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with [[Organization:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The World from The Hill: Helsinki panel a model of bipartisanship on foreign policy|work=The Hill|date=November 22, 2010|url=http://thehill.com/news-by-subject/foreign-policy/130289-helsinki-commission-tackles-tough-issues-without-the-partisan-divide|access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://thehill.com/news-by-subject/foreign-policy/130289-helsinki-commission-tackles-tough-issues-without-the-partisan-divide|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.<ref>Library of Congress: Thomas. House Resolution 3244. [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.3244.ENR: ''Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918124642/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.3244.ENR: |date=September 18, 2008 }}</ref> President Clinton signed the legislation in October 2000. According to ''Christianity Today'', the stronger enforcement increased the number of U.S. federal trafficking cases eightfold in the five years after enactment.<ref>Alford, Deann. [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/march/13.30.html "Free at Last"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223040430/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/march/13.30.html |date=February 23, 2007 }}, ''Christianity Today'', February 21, 2007</ref>

By August 12, 2007, in the 110th Session of Congress, Brownback had missed 123 votes due to campaigning (39.7 percent)–surpassed only by Tim Johnson (D) of South Dakota who due to a critical illness had missed 100% of the votes of the 110th Session, and John McCain (R) of Arizona with 149 votes missed due to campaigning (48.1 percent).<ref>Washington Post.[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/senate/vote-missers/ "Missed Votes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208175306/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/senate/vote-missers/ |date=February 8, 2009 }}, August 12, 2007</ref>

In 2006, Brownback blocked a confirmation vote on a George W. Bush federal appeals court nominee from Michigan, judge Janet T. Neff. He objected to her joining the bench solely because she attended a same-sex commitment ceremony in Massachusetts in 2002 that involved a next-door neighbor who was a close childhood friend of Neff's daughters. Brownback's action blocked confirmation votes on an entire slate of appointments that had been approved by a bipartisan group of senators.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/washington/19judge.html Senator Removes His Block on Federal Court Nominee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220258/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/washington/19judge.html |date=December 22, 2017 }}, ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'', Neil A. Lewis, December 19, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref> In July 2007, Brownback lifted the block that had prevented the vote, and the Senate confirmed Neff by an 83–4 vote.<ref name=Neff /> Brownback was joined in opposition by just three other conservatives, then-Senators Jim Bunning, Jon Kyl, and Mel Martinez.<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00240 110th Congress, roll call vote 240] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220216/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00240 |date=December 22, 2017 }}, ''United States Senate'', July 9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

In the mid-1990s, Brownback hired Paul Ryan as his chief legislative director. Ryan later became a member of Congress, vice-presidential candidate, and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.<ref name="ks_gov_brownback_2017_01_29_charlotte_observer">Wise, Lindsay McClatchy News Service, and Scott Canon, ''Kansas City Star,'' in [http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/nation-world/national/article129459654.html "The troubled 'Kansas experiment' goes to Washington,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006111823/http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/nation-world/national/article129459654.html |date=October 6, 2017 }} January 29, 2017, ''The Charlotte Observer'', retrieved October 5, 2017.</ref>

===CREW complaints===
In 2009, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed an ethics complaint over a fundraising letter signed by Brownback for a conservative Catholic group which they alleged violated Senate rules by mimicking official Senate letterhead.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/crew-files-brownback-complaint-019348 CREW files Brownback complaint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215837/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/crew-files-brownback-complaint-019348 |date=December 23, 2017 }}, ''Politico'', Glenn Thrush, February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.</ref> The letter had targeted five senators for being both Catholic and pro-choice: Maria Cantwell, John Kerry, Robert Menendez, Barbara Mikulski, and Patty Murray.<ref name="hutch2009">[http://www.hutchnews.com/d3a2a563-f8c1-5513-b95a-efc918eef5f0.html A Washington group has filed a complaint with the U.S. Senate Ethics Committee against Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215726/http://www.hutchnews.com/d3a2a563-f8c1-5513-b95a-efc918eef5f0.html |date=December 23, 2017 }}, ''Hutchinson News'', February 27, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.</ref> A spokesman said Brownback had asked the group to stop sending the letter even before the complaint was filed.<ref name="hutch2009"/>

In 2010, CREW lodged an ethics complaint claiming a possible violation of the Senate's gifts rule by four senators and four congressmembers. The congressmembers lived in a $1.8 million Washington, D.C. townhouse<ref>[https://www.alternet.org/story/146285/ethics_complaint_leveled_at_right-wing_congressional_members_of_shadowy_christian_group Ethics Complaint Leveled at Right-Wing Congressional Members of Shadowy Christian Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021055/https://www.alternet.org/story/146285/ethics_complaint_leveled_at_right-wing_congressional_members_of_shadowy_christian_group |date=January 14, 2018 }}, ''Alternet'', Adele M. Stan, April 2, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref> owned by C Street Center, Inc., which was in turn owned by Christian-advocacy group The Fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/04/02/26108.htm|title=Courthouse News Service |website=www.courthousenews.com|access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006030708/http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/04/02/26108.htm|archive-date=October 6, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/living-in-c-street-house-ethics-violation/|title=Is Living in the C Street House An Ethics Violation?|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224131/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/living-in-c-street-house-ethics-violation/|url-status=live}}</ref> CREW alleged that the property was being leased exclusively to congressional members, including Brownback, and that the tenants were paying rent that was below market value.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cjonline.com/news-legislature/2010-04-06/moran-explains-c-street-living|title=Moran explains C-Street living|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042410/http://cjonline.com/news-legislature/2010-04-06/moran-explains-c-street-living|archive-date=January 12, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Senator [[Biography:Tom Coburn|Tom Coburn]]'s spokesman asserted that the rents charged were fair.<ref name="weeklystandard1">{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/bogus-ethics-complaint-targets-coburn-demint-brownback|title=Bogus Ethics Complaint Targets Coburn, DeMint, Brownback|work=The Weekly Standard|date=April 2, 2010|access-date=August 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406161058/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/bogus-ethics-complaint-targets-coburn-demint-brownback|archive-date=April 6, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cjonline.com/news/state/2010-04-01/brownback_faces_ethics_complaint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826140828/http://cjonline.com/news/state/2010-04-01/brownback_faces_ethics_complaint|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 26, 2017|title=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=August 26, 2017|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref>

===Committees===
* '''Committee on Appropriations'''
** Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
** Subcommittee on Defense
** Subcommittee on Homeland Security
** Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
** Subcommittee on the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
** Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
* '''Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation'''
** Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
** Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
** Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
** Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
* '''Committee on Energy and Natural Resources'''
** Subcommittee on Energy
** Subcommittee on National Parks
** Subcommittee on Water and Power (Ranking Member)
*'''Committee on Foreign Relations'''
* '''Special Committee on Aging'''
* '''Joint Economic Committee'''
* '''Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe'''

==2008 presidential campaign==
{{Further|2008 United States presidential election}}[[File:U.S. Senator from Kansas Sam Brownback officially opened his GOP presidential candidacy' Iowa campaign headquarters in West Des Moines, IA.jpg|thumb|Senator Brownback officially opening his Iowa campaign headquarters in West Des Moines, IA]]
On December 4, 2006, Brownback formed an exploratory committee, the first step toward a presidential candidacy.<ref name="favorite">[http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/12/04/brownback.2008.ap/index.html "Favorite of religious right moves toward White House bid"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102112730/http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/12/04/brownback.2008.ap/index.html |date=January 2, 2007 }} by Associated Press. CNN, December 4, 2006.</ref> In reporting on his potential candidacy, ''CNN'' and ''The Washington Post'' called Brownback a "favorite" of the religious right;<ref name="favorite" /><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/06/AR2007010600230_pf.html |title=Brownback to Move on Presidential Bid |last=Sidoti |first=Liz |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |date=January 6, 2007 |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822072604/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/06/AR2007010600230_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' called him "God's senator" in 2006.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/sam-brownback-gods-senator-883564/|title=God's Senator|magazine=Rolling Stone|last=Sharlet|first=Jeff|date=February 9, 2006|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724211129/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/sam-brownback-gods-senator-883564/|url-status=live}}</ref> His views placed him in the socially conservative wing of the Republican Party, and he stressed his [[Social:Fiscal conservatism|fiscal conservatism]] as well. "I am an economic, a fiscal, a social and a compassionate conservative", he said in December 2006.<ref name="auto1"/>

On January 20, 2007, in Topeka, Brownback announced that he was running for President in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2774442 |title=Brownback to Move on Presidential Bid |access-date=August 11, 2007 |date=January 6, 2007 |publisher=ABC News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411134803/http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2774442 |archive-date=April 11, 2008 }}</ref> On February 22, 2007, a poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports held that three percent of likely primary voters would support Brownback.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/rasmussen/20070221/pl_rasmussen/gopprimary20070221_1|title=news.yahoo.com|accessdate=September 10, 2023}}</ref>
[[File:Senator Sam Brownback to David Shankbone on religion in America.ogg|thumb|Brownback discusses science and religion in American politics in October 2007, during his presidential run.<ref name="Faith-Based Initiative">{{cite news|last=Copeland|first=Libby|title=Faith-Based Initiative|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/06/AR2006060601616_pf.html|access-date=March 15, 2012|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|date=June 7, 2006|archive-date=April 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415082508/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/06/AR2006060601616_pf.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
On August 11, 2007, Brownback finished third in the Ames Straw Poll with 15.3% of all votes cast.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/02/09/is_the_ames_straw_poll_useless_125535.html|title=Is the Ames Straw Poll Useless? {{!}} RealClearPolitics|access-date=October 19, 2016|archive-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213190019/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/02/09/is_the_ames_straw_poll_useless_125535.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fundraising and visits to his website declined dramatically after this event, as many supporters had predicted Brownback would do much better,<ref name="ks_loses_patience_cbs_news">[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kansas-loses-patience-governor-sam-brownback-tax-cuts/ "Kansas loses patience with Gov. Brownback's tax cuts,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023035017/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kansas-loses-patience-governor-sam-brownback-tax-cuts/ |date=October 23, 2016 }} ''CBS News,'' retrieved November 11, 2016</ref> and speculation began that the candidate was considering withdrawing from the campaign. This sentiment increased after his lackluster performance in the GOP presidential debate of September 5, broadcast from New Hampshire by Fox News Channel.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lisa |last=Wangsness |title=Romney trounces GOP field in Iowa straw poll |url=https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/08/12/romney_trounces_gop_field_in_iowa_straw_poll/ |work=The Boston Globe |date=August 12, 2007 |access-date=August 21, 2007 |archive-date=November 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119030052/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/08/12/romney_trounces_gop_field_in_iowa_straw_poll/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He dropped out of the race on October 18, 2007, citing a lack of funds.<ref>[http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics/story/325073.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022025030/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics/story/325073.html|date=October 22, 2007}}</ref> Brownback formally announced his decision on October 19.<ref name="withdrew">[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/national/stories/102007dnnatbrownback.1d7a7ce.html Republican Sam Brownback ends White House run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020150305/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/national/stories/102007dnnatbrownback.1d7a7ce.html |date=October 20, 2007 }} ''Dallas Morning News'' October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.</ref> He later endorsed John McCain for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,308960,00.html |publisher=Fox News |title=Sam Brownback Endorses John McCain |date=November 7, 2007 |access-date=November 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019004852/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,308960,00.html |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)==
[[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - Medallion presentation.jpg|thumb|Brownback and 1st Infantry Division Commanding General present a medallion to a child whose father died serving in Iraq.]]

===Elections===
====2010 gubernatorial election====
In 2008, Brownback acknowledged he was considering running for governor in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2008/sep/04/brownback_considering_gubernatorial_run_2010/|title=Brownback considering gubernatorial run in 2010|publisher=Lawrence Journal World and News|access-date=December 7, 2008|archive-date=December 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211053217/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2008/sep/04/brownback_considering_gubernatorial_run_2010/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2009, Brownback officially filed the paperwork to run for governor.<ref name=kc>{{cite web |url=http://primebuzz.kcstar.com/?q=node/16188 |title=Prime Buzz |publisher=Primebuzz.kcstar.com |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822072604/https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/?q=node/22169 |url-status=live }}</ref>

His principal Senate-career campaign donors, the Koch brothers (and their Koch Industries), again backed Brownback's campaign.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" />

Polling agency Rasmussen Reports found that Brownback led his then-likely Democratic opponent, Tom Holland, by 31 points in May 2010.<ref name="rasmussenreports1"/><ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_senate_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_senate Election 2010: Kansas Senate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306132134/http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_senate_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_senate |date=March 6, 2010 }}, Rasmussen Reports, March 3, 2010.</ref>

On June 1, 2010, Brownback named Kansas state Senator Jeff Colyer as his running mate.<ref>[http://www.kansas.com/2010/06/02/1340122/brownback-ticket-gains-surgeon.html "Brownback ticket gains surgeon as lieutenant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605031546/http://www.kansas.com/2010/06/02/1340122/brownback-ticket-gains-surgeon.html |date=June 5, 2010 }}, ''Wichita Eagle'', June 2, 2010.</ref>

On November 2, 2010, Brownback defeated Holland, winning 63.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|year=2010|url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/kansas|access-date=October 19, 2014|archive-date=September 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907161024/http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/kansas|url-status=live}}</ref> He succeeded Governor Mark Parkinson, who was sworn in after former Governor Kathleen Sebelius resigned from her position and became U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=David|author2=Klepper, David|title=Sebelius sworn in to Cabinet, Parkinson becomes Kansas governor|publisher=The Kansas City Star|date=April 28, 2009 |url=http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html|access-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430183737/http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html |archive-date=April 30, 2009}}</ref>

====2014 gubernatorial election====

In October 2013, Kansas state representative Paul Davis, the Democratic minority leader of the Kansas House of Representatives, announced he would challenge Brownback in the 2014 Kansas gubernatorial election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kansascity.com/2013/09/17/4487708/democrat-davis-enters-kan-governor.html|title=Democrat Paul Davis enters Kansas governor race|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-date=February 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142322/http://www.kansascity.com/2013/09/17/4487708/democrat-davis-enters-kan-governor.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2014, more than 100 current and former Kansas Republican officials (including former state party chairmen, Kansas Senate presidents, Kansas House speakers, and majority leaders) endorsed Democrat Davis over Republican Brownback,<ref name="davis_secures_2014_07_15_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="some_in_kansas_2017_06_06_wsj_com" /> citing concern over Brownback's deep cuts in education and other government services, as well as the tax cuts that had left the state with a major deficit.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pianin|first1=Eric|title=Brownback Feeling Big Political Backlash to Tax Cuts in Kansas|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2014/07/16/Brownback-Feeling-Big-Political-Backlash-Tax-Cuts-Kansas|work=The Fiscal Times|access-date=July 17, 2014|date=July 16, 2014|quote=In a startling rebuke to the governor, more than 100 Kansas Republican officials endorsed Davis on Tuesday, a rarity in statewide races and a wakeup call for Brownback, an arch-conservative on economic and social issues, and a former U.S. senator. The defectors said they are as concerned about cuts in education and other government services as well as the tax cuts that have left the state with a major hole in its budget.|archive-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718104639/http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2014/07/16/Brownback-Feeling-Big-Political-Backlash-Tax-Cuts-Kansas|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tim Keck, chief of staff of Brownback's running mate, Lt. Governor Jeff Colyer, unearthed and publicized a 1998 police report showing that Davis, 26 and unmarried at the time, had been briefly detained during the raid of a strip club. Davis was found to have no involvement in the cause for the raid, and was quickly allowed to leave.<ref>[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article2250432.html Strip-club smear campaign orchestrated by Sam Brownback official, says Paul Davis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025123/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article2250432.html |date=March 16, 2017 }}, ''Wichita Eagle'', Dion Lefler, September 20, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref> Responding to criticism of Keck's involvement in the campaign, Brownback spokesman Paul Milburn commented that it was legal to use taxpayer-paid staff to campaign. Media law experts expressed amazement when they learned that the Montgomery County's sheriff released non-public investigative files from 1998 in response to a mere request. Brownback's campaign capitalized on the 16-year-old incident.<ref>[http://www.salon.com/2014/09/26/brownbacks_strip_club_obsession_gop_governor_basing_his_campaign_on_a_lap_dance/ Sam Brownback's strip-club obsession: GOP governor basing his campaign on a lap dance: Sam Brownback's right-wing agenda hobbled Kansas, so his campaign is now focused on a meaningless 16-year-old story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113115/http://www.salon.com/2014/09/26/brownbacks_strip_club_obsession_gop_governor_basing_his_campaign_on_a_lap_dance/ |date=March 16, 2017 }}, Simon Maloy, September 26, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/04/closed-law-enforcement-records-become-public-sling/ In strip-club case, typically closed records were released, GOP tipped off] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728041607/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/04/closed-law-enforcement-records-become-public-sling/ |date=July 28, 2018 }}, ''Lawrence Journal-World'', October 4, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref>

Brownback was reelected with a plurality, defeating Davis by a 3.69% margin (50.0%-46.1%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2014/governor/ks/kansas_governor_brownback_vs_davis-4146.html |title=Election 2014 – Kansas Governor – Brownback vs. Davis |publisher=RealClearPolitics |access-date=April 9, 2015 |archive-date=March 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324010805/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2014/governor/ks/kansas_governor_brownback_vs_davis-4146.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name= closerace/><ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas Secretary of State 2014 General Election Official Vote Totals|url=http://www.kssos.org/elections/14elec/2014%20General%20Election%20Official%20Results.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2017|archive-date=December 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230082200/http://kssos.org/elections/14elec/2014%20General%20Election%20Official%20Results.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Tenure===
Brownback took office in January 2011, in the early years of national recovery from the Great Recession. Also in 2011, Republicans resumed control of the Kansas House of Representatives with their largest majority in half a century. Most Republicans in the Kansas Legislature were members of the [[Social:Tea Party movement|Tea Party movement]] who shared Brownback's conservative views.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost">Gowen, Annie, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-kansas-gov-sam-brownback-puts-tea-party-tenets-into-action-with-sharp-cuts/2011/11/02/gIQAkbnOAP_story.html" In Kansas, Gov. Sam Brownback puts tea party tenets into action with sharp cuts,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817170144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-kansas-gov-sam-brownback-puts-tea-party-tenets-into-action-with-sharp-cuts/2011/11/02/gIQAkbnOAP_story.html |date=August 17, 2017 }} December 21, 2011 ''{{wipe|The Washington Post}}'' retrieved October 6, 2017</ref>

Two of Brownback's major stated goals were to reduce taxes and to increase spending on education.<ref name=NYTM>{{cite news|author1=Chris Suellentrop|title=The Kansas Experiment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/magazine/the-kansas-experiment.html|access-date=August 6, 2015|work=The New York Times Magazine|date=August 6, 2015|quote=He is modest in demeanor, flat almost to the point of dullness.|archive-date=August 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805233327/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/magazine/the-kansas-experiment.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

By April 2012, Brownback had an approval rating of 34 percent according to a Survey USA Poll.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cjonline.com/news/2012-04-28/brownback-numbers-plunge-agenda-emerges |title=Brownback: Numbers plunge as agenda emerges |work=The Topeka Capital Journal |access-date=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=April 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430104750/http://cjonline.com/news/2012-04-28/brownback-numbers-plunge-agenda-emerges |url-status=live }}</ref> A Republican polling company found his approval rating to be 51 percent in May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cjonline.com/news/state/2012-05-02/gop-pollster-points-brownbacks-popularity |title=GOP Pollster points to Brownback's popularity |work=The Topeka Capital Journal |access-date=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=May 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505145732/http://cjonline.com/news/state/2012-05-02/gop-pollster-points-brownbacks-popularity |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2015, Brownback had an approval rating of 26 percent according to a Morning Consult poll, the lowest among all governors in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/prairie-politics/article45615459.html |title=Poll: Brownback most unpopular governor in the nation |work=The Wichita Eagle |access-date=March 23, 2016 |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311175852/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/prairie-politics/article45615459.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three separate polls between November 2015 and September 2016 ranked Brownback as the nation's least-popular governor<ref name="most_unpopular_2015_11_24_kc_biz_journ">[http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/blog/morning_call/2015/11/sam-brownback-most-unpopular-usa-goveror.html "Most unpopular governor in America? Brownback wins in landslide,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123164755/https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/blog/morning_call/2015/11/sam-brownback-most-unpopular-usa-goveror.html |date=November 23, 2020 }} November 24, 2015, ''Kansas City Business Journal''</ref><ref name="least_popular_2015_05_12_wichita_eagle">[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article77258832.html "Poll: Brownback remains least popular governor in the nation,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004040037/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article77258832.html |date=October 4, 2017 }} May 12, 2016, ''Wichita Eagle''</ref><ref name="new_poll_2016_09_20_cjonline_com">[http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback-nations-least-popular "New poll ranks Gov. Sam Brownback as nation's least popular governor,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025140/http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback-nations-least-popular |date=March 16, 2017 }} September 20, 2016, ''Topeka Capital-Journal''</ref>—a September 2016 poll showing an approval rating of 23%.<ref name="brownback_might_not_2017_03_the_atlantic">[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/sam-brownback-might-not-be-governing-kansas-much-longer/519165/ Sam Brownback Might Not Be Governing Kansas Much Longer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313130650/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/sam-brownback-might-not-be-governing-kansas-much-longer/519165/ |date=March 13, 2017 }}, ''The Atlantic'' (AP), Russell Berman, March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</ref><ref name="CarpenterTCJ09202016">[http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback-nations-least-popular New poll ranks Governor Sam Brownback as nation's least popular] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025140/http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback-nations-least-popular |date=March 16, 2017 }}, ''Capital Journal'', Tim Carpenter, September 20, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref> In the state elections of 2016—seen largely as a referendum on Brownback's policies and administration—Brownback's supporters in the legislature suffered major defeats.<ref name="conservative_lawmakers_ousted_2016_08_03_wsj">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/conservative-lawmakers-ousted-in-kansas-election-1470226094 "Conservative Lawmakers Ousted in Kansas Primary Election: GOP races seen as referendum on Gov. Sam Brownback's tax-cut policy,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004084924/https://www.wsj.com/articles/conservative-lawmakers-ousted-in-kansas-election-1470226094 |date=October 4, 2017 }} August 3, 2016, ''{{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}''</ref><ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic" /><ref name="kansas_voters_rebuke_2016_11_12_wichita_eagle">Flentje, Ed, Prof. of Public Administration ([[Organization:Wichita State University|Wichita State University]]), former Kansas Secretary of Administration to Republican Governor Mike Hayden, [http://www.kansas.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/article114270433.html "Kansas voters rebuke Brownback, tax plan,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035808/http://www.kansas.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/article114270433.html |date=October 4, 2017 }} November 12, 2016, ''Wichita Eagle''</ref> In 2017 after a protracted battle,<ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic" /> the new Kansas Legislature overrode Brownback's vetoes, voting to repeal his tax cuts and enact tax increases.<ref name="ks_lawmakers_override_2017_06_06_wichita_eagle">[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article154684809.html "Kansas lawmakers override Brownback veto of tax increases."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407093406/https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article154684809.html |date=April 7, 2019 }} June 6, 2017, ''Wichita Eagle''</ref><ref name="senate_house_override_2017_06_06_cjonline_com">[http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-06/senate-house-narrowly-override-gov-sam-brownback-s-veto-12-billion "Senate, House narrowly override Gov Sam Brownback's veto of $1.2 billion tax bill,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035601/http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-06/senate-house-narrowly-override-gov-sam-brownback-s-veto-12-billion |date=October 4, 2017 }} June 6, 2017, ''Topeka Capital-Journal,'' (also at [http://eedition.cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-06/senate-narrowly-overrides-gov-brownback-s-veto-12-billion-tax-bill CJ's E-edition]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref><ref name="lawmakers_override_2017_06_06_kwch_tv">[http://www.kwch.com/content/news/Bill-raising-taxes-delivered-to-Kansas-governor-426826281.html "Lawmakers override governor veto on tax bill."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035823/http://www.kwch.com/content/news/Bill-raising-taxes-delivered-to-Kansas-governor-426826281.html |date=October 4, 2017 }} June 6, 2017, KWCH-TV ''Eyewitness News''</ref><ref name="ks_econ_outlook_2017_06_11_cjonline_com">[http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-08/kansas-economic-outlook-shifting-reversal-brownback-tax-policy "Kansas' economic outlook shifting with reversal of Brownback tax policy,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034850/http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-08/kansas-economic-outlook-shifting-reversal-brownback-tax-policy |date=October 4, 2017 }} June 11, 2017, ''Topeka Capital-Journal''</ref>

Brownback, who had a 66% disapproval rating after the repeal of his signature law,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://morningconsult.com/governor-approval-ratings-july-2017/|title=America's Most and Least Popular Governors — July 2017|last=Easley|first=Cameron|date=July 18, 2017|work=Morning Consult|access-date=March 22, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018032653/https://morningconsult.com/governor-approval-ratings-july-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> left office in 2018 as one of the least popular governors in the country.<ref name="auto"/>

''The Kansas City Star'' was named a finalist in the Public Service category for a 2018 Pulitzer Prize due to its series entitled "Why, so secret, Kansas?" The ''Star'' reported that Kansas's already-secretive state government had only grown worse under Brownback.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article209025559.html|title=The Star honored by Pulitzer Prizes as finalist in public service|work=kansascity|access-date=August 13, 2018|language=en|archive-date=June 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625142844/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article209025559.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2018|title=2018 Pulitzer Prizes|website=Pulitzer|language=en|access-date=January 23, 2020|archive-date=January 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120062921/https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Legislative agenda====
Brownback proposed fundamental tax reform to encourage investment and generate wealth while creating new jobs. Consistent with those objectives, he also proposed structural reforms to the state's largest budget items, school finance,<ref>{{cite web |last=Wistrom |first=Brent |url=http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/09/2095722/brownback-plan-could-change-how.html |title=Brownback plan could change how schools are funded &#124; Wichita Eagle |publisher=Kansas.com |date=November 9, 2011 |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031065924/http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/09/2095722/brownback-plan-could-change-how.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Medicaid,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2011/November/08/kansas-medicaid-managed-care-brownback-kancare.aspx |title=Kansas Announces Sweeping Medicaid Restructuring |publisher=Kaiser Health News |date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-date=March 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326060645/http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2011/November/08/kansas-medicaid-managed-care-brownback-kancare.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> and Kansas Public Employees Retirement System (KPERS), which have unfunded liabilities of $8.3 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/04/2089413/83-billion-question.html |title=$8.3 billion question &#124; Wichita Eagle |publisher=Kansas.com |date=November 4, 2011 |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031070832/http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/04/2089413/83-billion-question.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Brownback sought to follow a "red state model", passing conservative social and economic policies.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|last=Eligon|first=John|title=Brownback Leads Kansas in Sharp Right Turn|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/us/politics/brownback-leads-kansas-in-sharp-right-turn.html|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=February 13, 2014|archive-date=February 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215025859/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/us/politics/brownback-leads-kansas-in-sharp-right-turn.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Taxes====
{{main|Finance:Kansas experiment}}
As governor, Brownback initiated what he called a "red-state experiment"—dramatic cuts in income tax rates intended to bring economic growth.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news|last1=Mclean|first1=Jim|title=Trump's Tax Plan Has Echoes Of The Kansas Tax Cut Experiment|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/09/30/554506190/trump-s-tax-plan-has-echoes-of-the-kansas-tax-cut-experiment|access-date=October 4, 2017|publisher=NPR|date=September 30, 2017|archive-date=October 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003233829/http://www.npr.org/2017/09/30/554506190/trump-s-tax-plan-has-echoes-of-the-kansas-tax-cut-experiment|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2012, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas' history<ref name="kansas.com"/>—the nation's largest state income tax cut (in percentage) since the 1990s.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek">Coy, Peter, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-17/kansas-governor-brownbacks-lab-for-steep-tax-and-budget-cuts "Kansas Tries to Shrink Its Way to Prosperity,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006112335/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-17/kansas-governor-brownbacks-lab-for-steep-tax-and-budget-cuts |date=October 6, 2017 }} April 17, 2014, Bloomberg ''Businessweek'' retrieved October 5, 2017</ref> Brownback described the tax cuts as a live experiment: {{cquote|[On] taxes, you need to get your overall rates down, and you need to get your social manipulation out of it, in my estimation, to create growth. We'll see how it works. We'll have a real live experiment.<ref name=ljworld.experiment>{{cite web |title=Brownback gets heat for 'real live experiment' comment on tax cuts |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jun/19/brownback-gets-heat-real-live-experiment-comment-t/ |publisher=Lawrence Journal World |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110182638/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jun/19/brownback-gets-heat-real-live-experiment-comment-t/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic">Judis, John B., [https://newrepublic.com/article/119574/sam-brownbacks-conservative-utopia-kansas-has-become-hell "This Is What's the Matter With Kansas: Sam Brownback tried to create a conservative utopia. He created a conservative hell instead,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003075039/https://newrepublic.com/article/119574/sam-brownbacks-conservative-utopia-kansas-has-become-hell |date=October 3, 2017 }} September 29, 2014, ''The New Republic,'' retrieved October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" />}}

The legislation was crafted with help from his Budget Director (former Koch brothers political consultant Steven Anderson);<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /><ref name="budget_director_2013_09_06_ljworld_com" /><ref name="former_budget_dir_2013_09_07_ap_cjonline_com" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> the Koch-sponsored American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC);<ref>Abouhalkah, Yael T, [http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/yael-t-abouhalkah/article649505.html "Davis attacks, Brownback suffers as new tax-cut problem slams Kansas,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162552/http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/yael-t-abouhalkah/article649505.html |date=October 6, 2017 }} June 30, 2014 ''Kansas City Star'', retrieved October 6, 2017</ref> and Arthur Laffer, a popular [[Finance:Supply-side economics|supply-side]] economist and former economic adviser for President Ronald Reagan.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" /><ref name="crash_and_burn_2017_06_07_forbes">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2017/06/07/the-great-kansas-tax-cut-experiment-crashes-and-burns/#227c1aab5508 "The Great Kansas Tax Cut Experiment Crashes And Burns,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006163042/https://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2017/06/07/the-great-kansas-tax-cut-experiment-crashes-and-burns/#227c1aab5508 |date=October 6, 2017 }} June 7, 2017, ''{{wipe|Forbes}}'' retrieved October 6, 2017</ref>

The law eliminated non-wage income taxes for the owners of 191,000 businesses, and cut individuals' income tax rates.<ref name=KAKE.signs/> The first phase of his cuts reduced the top Kansas income-tax rate from 6.45 percent down to 4.9 percent, and immediately eliminated income tax on business profits from partnerships and [[Social:Limited liability company|limited liability corporations]] passed through to individuals.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> The income tax cuts would provide {{USD}}231 million in tax reductions in its first year, growing to {{USD}}934 million after six years.<ref name=KAKE.signs/> A forecast from the Legislature's research staff indicated that a budget shortfall will emerge by 2014 and will grow to nearly {{USD}}2.5 billion by July 2018.<ref name=KAKE.signs>{{cite web|title=Brownback Signs Tax Cuts Law In Statehouse Ceremony |url=http://www.kake.com/home/headlines/Brownback_To_Sign_Tax_Cuts_In_Statehouse_Ceremony_152569155.html|publisher=KAKE News |access-date=October 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029213649/http://www.kake.com/home/headlines/Brownback_To_Sign_Tax_Cuts_In_Statehouse_Ceremony_152569155.html|archive-date=October 29, 2014}}</ref> The cuts were based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).<ref name="ljworld"/><ref name="Pilkington"/>

In a May 2014 ''{{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}'' op-ed entitled "A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula", Brownback compared his tax policies with those of Ronald Reagan. Brownback anticipated a "prosperous future" for Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri because they had enacted policies based on economic principles that Reagan laid out in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brownback|first1=Sam|title=A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula|newspaper={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}|date=May 28, 2014|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownback-a-midwest-renaissance-rooted-in-the-reagan-formula-1401317548|access-date=October 28, 2014|archive-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180421174159/https://www.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownback-a-midwest-renaissance-rooted-in-the-reagan-formula-1401317548|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

The act was criticized by law professor Martin B. Dickinson of Kansas University for shifting the tax burden from wealthy Kansans to low- and moderate-income workers,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/may/27/kansas-tax-act-most-regressive-nation/ |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Kansas tax act most regressive in nation |work=The Lawrence Journal-World |access-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528010439/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/may/27/kansas-tax-act-most-regressive-nation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the top income tax rate dropping by 25%.<ref name=MPeters>{{cite news|last1=Peters|first1=Mark|title=Sam Brownback's Tax-Cut Push Puts Kansas Out on Its Own|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownbacks-tax-cut-push-puts-kansas-out-on-its-own-1402448126|access-date=June 13, 2014|work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}|date=June 10, 2014|archive-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707052404/http://online.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownbacks-tax-cut-push-puts-kansas-out-on-its-own-1402448126|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Brownback, Kansas also lowered the sales tax and eliminated a tax on small businesses.<ref name=MPeters/> The tax cuts helped contribute to Moody's downgrading of the state's bond rating in 2014.<ref name=SKraske>{{cite news|last1=Kraske|first1=Steve|title=Gov. Sam Brownback suffers a political brownout|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/article348571/Gov.-Sam-Brownback-suffers-a-political-brownout.html|access-date=June 13, 2014|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 2, 2014|archive-date=July 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704225708/http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/article348571/Gov.-Sam-Brownback-suffers-a-political-brownout.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They also contributed to the S&P Ratings' credit downgrade from AA+ to AA in August 2014 due to a budget that analysts described as structurally unbalanced.<ref>{{cite news|title=S&P downgrades Kansas in another blow to Brownback tax cuts|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-kansas-ratings-idUSL2N0QC1MO20140806|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=August 6, 2014|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=January 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106034251/http://www.reuters.com/article/usa-kansas-ratings-idUSL2N0QC1MO20140806|url-status=live}}</ref> As of June 2014, the state had fallen far short of projected tax collections, receiving $369 million instead of the planned-for $651 million.<ref name="Josh Barro">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/upshot/kansas-tax-cut-leaves-brownback-with-less-money.html |title=Yes, if You Cut Taxes, You Get Less Tax Revenue |author=Josh Barro |date=June 27, 2014 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |access-date=September 2, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919130936/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/upshot/kansas-tax-cut-leaves-brownback-with-less-money.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The tax cuts and their effect on the economy of Kansas received considerable criticism in the media. Critics of the tax cuts included Michael Hiltzik of the ''{{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}'', the editorial board of ''{{wipe|The Washington Post}}'', ''The New Republic'', and Bloomberg ''Businessweek''.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'' described Brownback's policies as "too far to the right".<ref name="Josh Barro"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Eligonsept|first1=John|title=Conservative Experiment Faces Revolt in Reliably Red Kansas|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-revolt-in-reliably-red-kansas.html|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|access-date=October 28, 2014|date=September 14, 2014|archive-date=October 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008113202/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-revolt-in-reliably-red-kansas.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hiltzik|first1=Michael|title=How Tea Party tax cuts are turning Kansas into a smoking ruin|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-kansas-a-smoking-ruin-20140709-column.html|work={{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}|access-date=October 27, 2014|date=July 9, 2014|archive-date=November 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106005423/http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-kansas-a-smoking-ruin-20140709-column.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform defended the tax cuts as a model for the nation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Norquist defends tax cuts despite Brownback woes in Kansas|url=http://thehill.com/policy/finance/218449-norquist-defends-tax-cuts-despite-brownback-woes|work=The Hill|date=September 21, 2014|access-date=October 29, 2014|archive-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028173937/http://thehill.com/policy/finance/218449-norquist-defends-tax-cuts-despite-brownback-woes|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2017, a bi-partisan coalition presented a bill that would repeal most of Brownback's tax overhaul to make up for the budget shortfall.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The Senate passed SB 30 (38–0, with 2 not voting) on February 2, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170202151108_929405/|title=Bills and Resolutions &#124; Kansas State Legislature|website=www.kslegislature.org|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406033516/http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170202151108_929405/|url-status=live}}</ref> The House passed SB 30 as amended (123–2) on February 22, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170222103940_182851/|title=Bills and Resolutions &#124; Kansas State Legislature|website=www.kslegislature.org|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724201823/http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170222103940_182851/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Conference Committee Report was adopted by both the House (69–52) and Senate (26–14) on June 5, 2017. On June 6, 2017, the bill was sent to Brownback for signature, but he vetoed the bill. Later in the day both the House and Senate voted to override the veto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/sb30/|title=SB 30 &#124; Bills and Resolutions &#124; Kansas State Legislature|website=www.kslegislature.org|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724201824/http://www.kslegislature.org/li_2018/b2017_18/measures/sb30/|url-status=live}}</ref> Senate Bill 30 repealed most of the tax cuts which had taken effect in January 2013.

Brownback's tax overhaul was described in a June 2017 article in ''The Atlantic'' as the United States' "most aggressive experiment in conservative economic policy".<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017">{{cite news |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/kansass-conservative-tax-experiment-is-dead/529551/ |title=The Death of Kansas's Conservative Experiment |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |first=Russell |last=Berman |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612210830/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/kansass-conservative-tax-experiment-is-dead/529551/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The drastic tax cuts had "threatened the viability of schools and infrastructure" in Kansas.<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017"/>

{{Cquote|The Brownback experiment didn't work. We saw that loud and clear.<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017"/><br />{{emdash}}Heidi Holliday, executive director of the Kansas Center for Economic Growth 2017}}

====Education====
In April 2014, Brownback signed a controversial school finance bill that eliminated mandatory due process hearings, which were previously required to fire experienced teachers. According to the ''Kansas City Star'': {{cquote|The bill also allows school districts to hire unlicensed teachers for science and math classes. And it creates a tax break for corporations that donate to private school scholarship funds.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lowry|first=Bryan|title=Brownback signs school finance bill|url=http://www.kansascity.com/2014/04/21/4973115/brownback-to-sign-school-finance.html|publisher=Kansas City Star|access-date=April 22, 2014|archive-date=April 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423221919/http://www.kansascity.com/2014/04/21/4973115/brownback-to-sign-school-finance.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The resulting cuts in funding caused districts to shut down the school year early.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/kansas-school-districts-close-early-after-tax-cut-experiment |title=Kansas school districts to close early after tax cut 'experiment' |last1=Lee |first1=Trymaine |date=April 4, 2015 |publisher=MSNBC|access-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405064606/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/kansas-school-districts-close-early-after-tax-cut-experiment |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Economy====
According to the [[Organization:Bureau of Economic Analysis|Bureau of Economic Analysis]], during the period from 2008 to 2018 (Brownback was governor from 2011 to 2018), Kansas averaged an annual GDP growth rate of 0.9% -- exactly half the national average.<ref name="kc_economy_2019_11_12_kcstar">[https://www.kansascity.com/news/business/article223391695.html "After lagging since recession- is KC's economy heating up,"] ''Kansas City Star,'' retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> During that same period — when national employment increased and wages rose — job growth in Wichita (Kansas' largest city, and hometown of Brownback's principal funders, the Koch family) dropped 3.2%, and the city's average annual wages stagnated.<ref name="two_cities_latimes">Brown, Corie: [https://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=3144277f-38ec-4127-a9bb-5fbb1ac85f59 "A tale of 2 cities in the Midwest,"] July 1, 2020, ''{{wipe|Los Angeles Times}}''; part of a 5-part series, [https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-07-01/two-midwest-cities-two-local-billionaires-koch-buffett-which-one-can-boost-prosperity "How billionaires Koch and Buffett shape Wichita and Omaha,"] retrieved August 28, 2023</ref>

In 2015, the job growth rate in Kansas was 0.8 percent, among the lowest rate in America with only "10,900 total nonfarm jobs" added that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/statewide_otm_oty_change.htm |title=Change in total nonfarm employment by state, over-the-month and over-the-year, seasonally adjusted |publisher=Bls.gov |access-date=February 26, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227233121/https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/statewide_otm_oty_change.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="kansascity_2015">{{citation |url=http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/yael-t-abouhalkah/article47176275.html |author=Yael T. Abouhalkah |title=Kansas has low but misleading unemployment rate under Gov. Sam Brownback |date=November 30, 2015 |access-date=February 26, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150112/http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/yael-t-abouhalkah/article47176275.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kansas had a $350 million budget shortfall in February 2017.<ref name="WP_2017_revolt">{{citation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/02/22/republicans-real-live-experiment-with-kansass-economy-survives-a-revolt-from-their-own-party/ |title=Republicans' 'real-live experiment' with Kansas's economy survives a revolt from their own party |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |author=Max Ehrenfreund |date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224133856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/02/22/republicans-real-live-experiment-with-kansass-economy-survives-a-revolt-from-their-own-party/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2017, S&P downgraded Kansas' credit rating to AA−.<ref name="NYT_S&P_ratings_2017">{{citation |title=Kansas Lawmakers Uphold Governor's Veto of Tax Increases |author=Alan Blinder |url=https://nyti.ms/2lwNatr |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153324/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/us/kansas-governor-sam-brownback-tax-veto.html?smid=pl-share |url-status=live }}</ref>

Despite Kansas' major role in the aerospace,<ref name="brookings">Muro, Mark and Bruce Katz: [https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/0921_clusters_muro_katz.pdf "The New 'Cluster Moment': How Regional Innovation Clusters Can Foster the Next Economy,"] September 2010, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref><ref name="clusters_wichita_hbs_edu">Porter, Michael ([[Organization:Harvard University|Harvard University]]):  [https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/COI_Wichita_e7a9940a-4caf-42e0-bc2d-1dc23e153a57.pdf ''Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Wichita,''] circa 2012 (undated), Council on Competitiveness, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref><ref name="aerospace_engineers_bls_gov">[http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172011.htm#st "Geographic profile for Aerospace Engineers,"] in "17-2011 Aerospace Engineers," "Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022," '' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics,'' Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> telecommunications<ref name="top10telecom_2017_mbaskool">[https://www.mbaskool.com/business-lists/top-brands/17225-top-10-telecom-companies-in-usa-2017.html "Top 10 Telecom Companies in USA 2017,"], MBASkool.com, retrieved August 28, 2023; (includes Kansas-headquartered Sprint, and largely-Kansas-based CenturyLink)</ref><ref name="fred_kc_stlouisfed_org">[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU20928125051700001SA "All Employees: Information: Telecommunications in Kansas City, KS,"] July 2023, FRED Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> and GPS technology<ref name="gps_report_grandviewresearch">[https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/gps-market "Report Overview,"] Report ID: GVR-2-68038-473-4, ''Global Positioning Systems Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Deployment, By Application (Aviation, Marine, Surveying, Location-Based Services, Road), And Segment Forecasts, 2018 - 2025,'' Grand View Research, retrieved August 28, 2023 (which cites Kansas-based Garmin, Ltd. among the industry leaders)</ref> industries,<ref name="overview_2018_kansascommerce">{{cite web |url = http://www.kansascommerce.com/index.aspx?nid=483#A |title = Kansas Department of Commerce—Official Website—Economic Overview Charts |publisher = Kansascommerce.com |access-date = April 4, 2018 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215091244/http://www.kansascommerce.com/index.aspx?NID=483#A |archive-date = December 15, 2017}}</ref> a 2019 report from the KC Tech Council reported that Kansas growth in tech jobs ranked next-to-last in the nation — losing 220 tech jobs between 2017 and 2018 (Brownback's final year as governor), according to the Computing Technology Industry Association — while over 40 other states grew tech employment.<ref name="kc_economy_2019_11_12_kcstar" /> Despite slowing the rates of decline following the Great Recession, 59% of telecommunications jobs in the Kansas City telecommunications industry<ref name="fred_kc_stlouisfed_org" /> — and 600 jobs in Wichita's (aerospace-dominated<ref name="brookings" /><ref name="clusters_wichita_hbs_edu" />) manufacturing industry<ref name="fred_wichita_mfg_stlouisfed_org">[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SMU20928125051700001SA "All Employees: Manufacturing in Wichita, KS (MSA),"] (WICH620MFG), July 2023, FRED Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> — were lost during the Brownback administration.

By the last year of the Brownback administration, 2018, Kansas had the second-highest farm-bankruptcy rate increase in the nation (after New York) — a decade-high rate for the state.<ref name="farm_bankruptcies_2018_fb_org">[https://www.fb.org/market-intel/farm-bankruptcies-in-2018-the-truth-is-out-there "Farm Bankruptcies in 2018 – The Truth is Out There,"] February 12, 2019, Farm Bureau Federation, retrieved August 29, 2023</ref>

====Health care====
In August 2011, over the objections of Republican Kansas Insurance Commissioner Sandy Praeger,<ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> Brownback announced he was declining a $31.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up an insurance exchange as part of the federal health care reform law.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brownback: Send back $31.5M federal grant|work=The Capital-Journal|date=August 9, 2011|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2011-08-09/brownback-send-back-315m-federal-grant|access-date=October 24, 2014|archive-date=October 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031214757/http://cjonline.com/news/2011-08-09/brownback-send-back-315m-federal-grant|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2011, Brownback had directed the state's insurance commissioner to slow the implementation timeline for the exchange development. Upon announcing the refusal of the budgeted grant money for the state, his office stated: {{cquote|There is much uncertainty surrounding the ability of the federal government to meet its already budgeted future spending obligations. Every state should be preparing for fewer federal resources, not more. To deal with that reality Kansas needs to maintain maximum flexibility. That requires freeing Kansas from the strings attached to the Early Innovator Grant.<ref name="Politico.Com"/>}} The move was unanimously supported by the delegates of the state party central committee at its August 2011 meeting, but a ''{{wipe|New York Times}}'' editorial criticized Brownback for turning down the grant which could have helped ease the state's own budget: {{cquote|Instead of letting Kansas design its own model program for an online computer exchange to help people choose among health insurance providers, Mr. Brownback's rebuff increases the likelihood that the state must design one at its own expense or see federal officials create an exchange, as required under the new law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/gov-brownbacks-selective-budget-worries.html |date=August 14, 2011 |title=Gov. Brownback's Selective Budget Worries |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624105333/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/gov-brownbacks-selective-budget-worries.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />}}

Brownback also signed into law the Health Care Freedom Act, based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).<ref name=ljworld>{{cite news|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/weblogs/capitol-report/2013/dec/17/brownback-says-perception-of-alec-influe/|title=Brownback says perception of ALEC influence is 'overblown'|newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World|date=December 17, 2013|first=Scott|last=Rothschild|access-date=October 21, 2014|archive-date=December 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217083515/http://www2.ljworld.com/weblogs/capitol-report/2013/dec/17/brownback-says-perception-of-alec-influe/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pilkington">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/20/obamacare-alec-republican-legislators|title=Obamacare faces new threat at state level from corporate interest group Alec|date=November 20, 2013|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|first=Ed|last=Pilkington|access-date=December 16, 2016|archive-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223045752/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/20/obamacare-alec-republican-legislators|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Abortion====
[[File:Sam Brownback by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Sam Brownback speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015]]
Brownback signed three anti-abortion bills in 2011. In April 2011, he signed a bill banning abortion after 21 weeks, and a bill requiring that a doctor get a parent's notarized signature before providing an abortion to a minor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-abortion-kansas/kansas-governor-sam-brownback-signs-bills-restricting-abortion-idUSTRE73B7XL20110412|title=Kansas Governor Sam Brownback signs bills restricting abortion|date=April 12, 2011|access-date=January 23, 2018|newspaper={{wipe|Reuters}}|last1=Murphy|first1=Kevin}}</ref> In May 2011, Brownback approved a bill prohibiting insurance companies from offering abortion coverage as part of general health plans unless the procedure is necessary to save a woman's life. The law also prohibits any health-insurance exchange in Kansas established under the federal Affordable Care Act from offering coverage for abortions other than to save a woman's life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/may/26/brownback-criticized-signing-abortion-bill-opponen/|title=Brownback criticized for signing abortion bill that opponents say will hurt women who get impregnated after being raped|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724201825/https://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/may/26/brownback-criticized-signing-abortion-bill-opponen/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A Kansas budget passed with Brownback's approval in 2011 blocked Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri from receiving family planning funds from the state. The funding amounted to about $330,000 a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kansascity.com/2011/08/18/3085231/planned-parenthood-may-push-to.html|title=Planned Parenthood may push to get funds from Kansas|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> A judge has blocked the budget provision, ordered Kansas to begin funding the organization again, and agreed with Planned Parenthood that it was being unfairly targeted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kansascity.com/2011/08/18/3085231/planned-parenthood-may-push-to.html|title=Judge blocks de-funding of Planned Parenthood in Kansas|access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> In response, the state filed an appeal seeking to overturn the judge's decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2011/08/kansas-appeals-order-to-block-law-defunding-planned-parenthood.php|title=JURIST - Kansas appeals order to block law defunding Planned Parenthood|website=jurist.org|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162553/http://www.jurist.org/paperchase/2011/08/kansas-appeals-order-to-block-law-defunding-planned-parenthood.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback has defended anti-abortion laws in Kansas, including the Planned Parenthood defunding. "You can't know for sure what all comes out of that afterwards, but it was the will of the Legislature and the people of the state of Kansas", Brownback said.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/aug/18/judge-refuses-stay-pending-appeal-order-preventing/?kansas_legislature |title=Judge refuses to stay, pending appeal, order preventing Kansas from diverting funds from Planned Parenthood |website=LJWorld.com |access-date=January 23, 2018 |archive-date=July 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728041530/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/aug/18/judge-refuses-stay-pending-appeal-order-preventing/?kansas_legislature |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2012, Brownback signed the Health Care Rights of Conscience Act, which "will allow pharmacists to refuse to provide drugs they believe might cause an abortion".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kansascity.com/2012/05/15/3611028/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-act.html#storylink=cpy |access-date=May 27, 2012 |title=Kansas Gov. Brownback signs act allowing pharmacists to refuse to dispense abortion drugs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523184728/http://www.kansascity.com/2012/05/15/3611028/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-act.html#storylink=cpy |archive-date=May 23, 2012 }}</ref>

In April 2013, Brownback signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions and declared that life begins at fertilization. The law notes that any rights conferred by it are subject to limits set forth in applicable U.S. Supreme Court decisions.<ref name="kansascity.com"/>

On April 7, 2015, Brownback signed The Unborn Child Protection From Dismemberment Abortion Act, which bans the most common technique used for second-trimester abortions. Kansas became the first state to ban the procedure.<ref>[http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2015_16/measures/documents/sb95_01_0000.pdf Senate bill no: 95] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416115750/http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2015_16/measures/documents/sb95_01_0000.pdf |date=April 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/us/kansas-bans-common-second-trimester-abortion-procedure.html|title=Kansas Limits Abortion Method, Opening a New Line of Attack|first1=Erik|last1=Eckholm|first2=Frances|last2=Robles|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=April 7, 2015|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=February 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216041007/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/us/kansas-bans-common-second-trimester-abortion-procedure.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Prayer rally====
Brownback attended Texas Governor [[Biography:Rick Perry|Rick Perry]]'s prayer event in August 2011. Aside from Gov. Perry himself, Brownback was the only U.S. governor who attended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://midwestdemocracyproject.org/blogs/entries/brownback-attends-rick-perry-prayer-event-texas/|title=Brownback attends Rick Perry prayer event in Texas &#124; Midwest Democracy Project|date=November 20, 2011|access-date=June 19, 2018|archive-date=November 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120180517/http://midwestdemocracyproject.org/blogs/entries/brownback-attends-rick-perry-prayer-event-texas/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60801.html|title=Brownback joins Perry on stage|website=Politico|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=June 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626101031/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60801.html|url-status=live}}</ref> About 22,000 people attended the rally, and Brownback and Perry were the only elected officials to speak.<ref>[http://articles.kwch.com/2011-08-06/governor-brownback_29860202 Prayer event draws crowd, controversy & Governor Brownback] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127154623/http://articles.kwch.com/2011-08-06/governor-brownback_29860202 |date=January 27, 2012 }}</ref> Brownback's participation in the rally resulted in some controversy, and editorials published in ''The Winfield Daily Courier'' and ''The Kansas City Star'' expressed disappointment.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.winfieldcourier.com/articles/2011/08/04/opinion/a_little_extra/doc4e3b4fb2b3a6d929370100.txt |access-date=August 11, 2011 |title=Stay home, Sam |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822072555/https://www.ctnewsonline.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kansascity.com/2011/08/07/3056883/commentary-sam-brownbacks-prayer.html |date=August 7, 2011 |access-date=August 12, 2011 |title=Commentary: Sam Brownback's prayer day vacation }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom==
[[File:Ambassador Brownback Making a Speech (29741543778) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Brownback speaks at the Holocaust Museum in 2018]]
[[File:Ambassador Brownback Delivers Remarks on the 2018 International Religious Freedom Annual Report (48104737012).jpg|thumb|Brownback speaks at the State Department in 2019]]

===Nomination and confirmation===
In March 2017, it was reported that Brownback was being considered by President Donald Trump to be appointed either as his U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. for Food and Agriculture in Rome,<ref>Lowry, Byron. [http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article137265678.html Sources: Brownback in talks with Trump administration about an ambassadorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611130442/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article137265678.html |date=June 11, 2017 }}, ''Kansas City Star'', March 8, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.</ref> or as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom in Washington, DC.<ref>Lowry, Byron. [http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article151397482.html Will Trump pick Brownback for religious freedom role?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523000105/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article151397482.html |date=May 23, 2017 }}, ''Kansas City Star'', May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.</ref> On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.<ref name="NYTimesRelAmb07262017"/> As a senator in 1998, Brownback sponsored the legislation that first created the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF).<ref name=pends />

Due to his positions and actions on Islam and LGBT issues, Brownback's nomination was criticized by figures such as Rabbi Moti Rieber, the executive director of Kansas Interfaith Action,<ref name=become/> Robert McCaw, director of government affairs for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR),<ref name="newsweek">[http://www.newsweek.com/islam-and-america-president-donald-trump-american-muslims-643370 Islam and America: Trump's religious freedom ambassador should be 'disqualified' says biggest Muslim group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202203203/http://www.newsweek.com/islam-and-america-president-donald-trump-american-muslims-643370 |date=December 2, 2017 }}, ''Newsweek'', Conor Gaffey, July 28, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.</ref> as well as the American Civil Liberties Union.<ref name=ACLU>[https://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/faith-facts-about-sam-brownback-political-champion-of-religious-freedom/article_e618d2b1-9d35-5ca2-926c-9f7a1879472e.html 5 faith facts about Sam Brownback: Political champion of religious freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020050341/https://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/faith-facts-about-sam-brownback-political-champion-of-religious-freedom/article_e618d2b1-9d35-5ca2-926c-9f7a1879472e.html |date=October 20, 2019 }}, ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' ''Religion News Service'', Adelle Banks, July 29, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

As of the end of the 2017 session, Brownback's Ambassadorial nomination had not come up for a confirmation vote. As it failed to receive unanimous support for it to carry over to 2018 for approval, it required renomination to come to a vote.<ref>[http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2017/dec/22/brownbacks-nomination-set-return-white-house/ Brownback's nomination for ambassador post not carried over, will return to White House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054449/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2017/dec/22/brownbacks-nomination-set-return-white-house/ |date=December 28, 2017 }}, Lawrence ''Journal World'' (AP) December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017.</ref> He was renominated on January 8, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/nominations-sent-senate-today-2/|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate Today|date=January 8, 2018|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120202530/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/nominations-sent-senate-today-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 24, 2018, the Senate voted along party lines, 49–49, with two Republicans absent, to advance his nomination to the floor, with Vice President Mike Pence casting the tie-breaking vote to end the Democrats' filibuster. With the Senate again locked at 49–49 later that day, Pence again cast the tie-breaking vote, confirming the nomination.<ref name="pends"/> On January 25, Brownback submitted his resignation as governor. Brownback's resignation was effective January 31, 2018, on which date Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor.<ref name="resigning"/><ref>[https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article196606739.html Brownback sets time and date when he'll hand off Kansas to Johnson County's Colyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130202617/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article196606739.html |date=January 30, 2018 }}, ''Kansas City Star'', Brian Lowry, January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

===Tenure===
Brownback was sworn in on February 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wise |first1=Lindsay |last2=Kumar |first2=Anita |title=Pence Jokes About His Two Tie-Breaking Votes as Brownback is Sworn in as Ambassador |url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article197934314.html |date=February 1, 2018 |work=The Kansas City Star |access-date=March 17, 2018 |archive-date=March 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318122245/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article197934314.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Redisch |first1=Steve |title=Brownback: Myanmar Conducting 'Religious Cleansing' of Rohingya |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/brownback-myanmar-conducting-religious-cleansing-of-rohingya/4278699.html |date=March 3, 2018 |publisher=Voice of America |access-date=March 17, 2018 |archive-date=March 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318120431/https://www.voanews.com/a/brownback-myanmar-conducting-religious-cleansing-of-rohingya/4278699.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Brian | first1=Dulle | title=Brownback Sworn in as U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom | url=http://www.ksnt.com/news/brownback-sworn-in-as-u-s-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom/1011524798 | date=February 1, 2018 | publisher=KSHB-TV | access-date=May 5, 2018 | archive-date=May 6, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506112324/http://www.ksnt.com/news/brownback-sworn-in-as-u-s-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom/1011524798 | url-status=live }}</ref> He became the first Catholic to serve in the role.<ref name=become>[http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article164075087.html Brownback's faith plays key role in his politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202102803/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article164075087.html |date=December 2, 2017 }}, ''Wichita Eagle'', Katherine Burgess and Jonathan Shorman, July 28, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kshb.com/news/state/kansas/senate-confirms-kansas-gov-sam-brownback-to-position-in-trump-administration|title=Senate confirms Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback to position in Trump administration|date=January 24, 2018|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125021106/https://www.kshb.com/news/state/kansas/senate-confirms-kansas-gov-sam-brownback-to-position-in-trump-administration|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:President Trump Meets with Survivors of Religious Persecution.webm|thumb|right|Ambassador Brownback with President Donald Trump and several 'survivors of religious persecution' including Nadia Murad on July 17, 2019]]
In July 2018, Brownback reportedly lobbied the UK government over the treatment of far-right British activist Tommy Robinson.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Hosenball | first1=Mark | title=Trump's Ambassador Lobbied Britain on Behalf of Jailed Right-Wing Activist Tommy Robinson | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-britain-robinson/trumps-ambassador-lobbied-britain-on-behalf-of-jailed-right-wing-activist-tommy-robinson-idUSKBN1K331J | date=July 13, 2018 | publisher={{wipe|Reuters}} | access-date=August 7, 2018 | archive-date=July 24, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724110026/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-britain-robinson/trumps-ambassador-lobbied-britain-on-behalf-of-jailed-right-wing-activist-tommy-robinson-idUSKBN1K331J | url-status=live }}</ref> Arizona Republican Representative Paul Gosar and five other congressmen invited Robinson to speak to United States Congress on November 14, 2018, on a trip sponsored by the U.S.-based, Middle East Forum. He was expected to get visa approval by the State Department despite his criminal convictions and use of fraudulent passports to enter and depart the U.S.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tommy-robinson-jail-free-congress-us-republican-event-trump-visa-washington-speech-gosar-a8601866.html Tommy Robinson invited to address US Congress members in Washington by Republican supporters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026003913/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tommy-robinson-jail-free-congress-us-republican-event-trump-visa-washington-speech-gosar-a8601866.html |date=October 26, 2018 }}, ''The Independent'', Lizzie Dearden, October 25, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</ref>

Brownback's tenure as ambassador ended on January 20, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kwch.com/2021/01/21/pompeo-brownback-conclude-terms-in-trump-administration/|title=Pompeo, Brownback conclude terms in Trump administration|first=Matt|last=Heilman|date=January 21, 2021|website=www.kwch.com|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724200942/https://www.kwch.com/2021/01/21/pompeo-brownback-conclude-terms-in-trump-administration/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Issues ===
Brownback promoted religious freedom as a means of promoting individual and economic flourishing and reducing terrorism and other types of religion-related violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900068525/us-religious-freedom-ambassador-sam-brownback.html|title=Can America's religious freedom ambassador save the world?|last=Dallas|first=Kelsey|date=May 1, 2019|website=DeseretNews.com|language=en|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=June 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611001735/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900068525/us-religious-freedom-ambassador-sam-brownback.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Brownback repeatedly condemned China's record on religious freedom, saying, "China is at war with faith. It is a war they will not win".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcchk.org/china-on-the-wrong-side-of-history-in-its-religious-persecution-says-u-s-ambassador/|title=China 'on the wrong side of history' in its religious persecution, says U.S. ambassador|date=March 8, 2019|website=The Foreign Correspondents' Club, Hong Kong {{!}} FCC|language=en-GB|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802150630/https://www.fcchk.org/china-on-the-wrong-side-of-history-in-its-religious-persecution-says-u-s-ambassador/|url-status=live}}</ref> He highlighted the persecution of China's Uighur Muslims, Tibetan [[Religion:Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Unsolved:Falun Gong|Falun Gong]] practitioners, and Chinese [[Religion:Christians|Christians]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hk.usconsulate.gov/n-2019030801/|title=Remarks on Religious Freedom {{!}} U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong & Macau|date=March 8, 2019|website=U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong & Macau|language=en-US|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802150625/https://hk.usconsulate.gov/n-2019030801/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In remarks made at the {{wipe|United Nations}}, Brownback strongly condemned the [[Religion:Xinjiang re-education camps|Xinjiang re-education camps]] where more than one million Uighur Muslims are reported to have been detained.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webtv.un.org/watch/international-religious-freedom-a-new-era-for-advocacy-in-response-to-a-new-age-of-challenges-and-threats/6009008748001/?term=|title=International Religious Freedom: A New Era for Advocacy in Response to a New Age of Challenges and Threats|website=United Nations Web TV|language=en|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829063446/http://webtv.un.org/watch/international-religious-freedom-a-new-era-for-advocacy-in-response-to-a-new-age-of-challenges-and-threats/6009008748001/?term=|url-status=live}}</ref>

In his first trip as Ambassador, Brownback traveled to Bangladesh to meet with Rohingya refugees from Myanmar at the Kutupalong refugee camp near Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Brownback stated that the accounts of violence he heard were as bad as anything he had ever seen, including in his visits to Darfur, Sudan in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2018/05/11/en/reflections-my-visit-rohingya-refugees|title=Reflections on My Visit with Rohingya Refugees|last=Brownback|first=Samuel D.|date=May 11, 2018|website=DipNote|language=en|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802150639/https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2018/05/11/en/reflections-my-visit-rohingya-refugees|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the trip, the State Department highlighted Myanmar's intensification of violence against its ethnic minorities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/world/asia/state-department-religious-freedom-myanmar.html|title=Myanmar Is Intensifying Violence Against Ethnic Minorities, U.S. Says|last=Harris|first=Gardiner|date=May 29, 2018|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|access-date=August 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802150628/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/world/asia/state-department-religious-freedom-myanmar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2017 International Religious Freedom Report, the State Department described the violence against the Rohingya that forced an estimated 688,000 people to flee Myanmar as "ethnic cleansing."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-report-on-international-religious-freedom/burma/|title=2017 Report on International Religious Freedom: Burma|website=United States Department of State|language=en-US|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722113126/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-report-on-international-religious-freedom/burma/|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the 2020 Ministerial to Advance Freedom of Religion or Belief in {{wipe|Poland}}, Brownback spoke about COVID-19's effect on freedom of religion.<ref name="poland_ministerial">{{cite web |title=Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom or Belief |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/schedule |publisher=Government of Poland |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116135104/https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/schedule |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Positions==

===Abortion===
Brownback opposes abortion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/01/wichita-kansas-governor-sam-brownback-equates-abortion-slavery-state-of-the-state-102252|title=Kansas gov equates abortion, slavery|agency=Associated Press|date=January 15, 2014|website=Politico|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724034947/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/01/wichita-kansas-governor-sam-brownback-equates-abortion-slavery-state-of-the-state-102252|url-status=live}}</ref> He was personally anti-abortion though politically pro-choice during his early career.<ref>"Politics Attracted Brownback Early," ''Kansas City Star'', October 27, 1996.</ref> In 2007, Brownback said that he saw abortion "as the lead moral issue of our day, just like slavery was the lead moral issue 150 years ago."<ref>Pulliam, Sarah. [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/octoberweb-only/142-42.0.html "Q&A: Sam Brownback"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020031735/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/octoberweb-only/142-42.0.html |date=October 20, 2007 }}, ''Christianity Today'', October 18, 2007.</ref> On May 3, 2007, when asked his opinion of repealing ''Roe v. Wade'', Brownback said, "It would be a glorious day of human liberty and freedom."<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18478985 "California Republican debate transcript"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423075403/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18478985/ |date=April 23, 2018 }}, NBC News, May 3, 2007.</ref>

In 2007, Brownback said he "could support a pro-choice nominee" to the presidency because "this is a big coalition party."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18478985|title=California Republican debate transcript|website=NBC News|date=May 4, 2007|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=April 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423075403/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18478985/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Arts===
In May 2011, Brownback eliminated by executive order and then vetoed government funding for the Kansas Arts Commission in response to state defiance of his executive order, making Kansas the first state to de-fund its arts commission.<ref name="latimesblogs.latimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/05/kansas-governor-eliminates-states-arts-funding.html|title=Kansas governor eliminates state's arts funding|date=May 31, 2011|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=September 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917083221/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/05/kansas-governor-eliminates-states-arts-funding.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The National Endowment for the Arts informed Kansas that without a viable state arts agency, it would not receive a planned $700,000 federal grant.<ref name=foundation>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/02/arts/kansas-and-other-states-cut-arts-funds.html|title=Kansas and Other States Cut Arts Funds|first=Robin|last=Pogrebin|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=August 1, 2011|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=August 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816223442/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/02/arts/kansas-and-other-states-cut-arts-funds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback has said he believes private donations should fund arts and culture in the state. He created the Kansas Arts Foundation, an organization dedicated to private fundraising to make up the gap created by state budget cuts.<ref name=foundation/><ref>{{cite web |last=Hudnall |first=David |url=http://www.pitch.com/kansascity/sam-brownbacks-crusade-against-the-kansas-arts-commission/Content?oid=2448163 |title=Sam Brownback's crusade against the Kansas Arts Commission &#124; Interview |publisher=The Pitch |access-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011060623/http://www.pitch.com/kansascity/sam-brownbacks-crusade-against-the-kansas-arts-commission/Content?oid=2448163 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Capital punishment===
Brownback said in an interview: "I am not a supporter of a death penalty, other than in cases where we cannot protect the society and have other lives at stake."<ref name=DS>Interview with Senator Sam Brownback, David Shankbone, ''Wikinews'', October 11, 2007.</ref> In a speech on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he questioned the current use of the death penalty as potentially incongruent with the notion of a "[[Social:Culture of life|culture of life]]", and suggested it be employed in a more limited fashion.<ref>Sentencing Law and Policy (Blog by Douglas A. Berman): [http://sentencing.typepad.com/sentencing_law_and_policy/2006/02/senator_brownba.html Senator Brownback questions death penalty and culture of life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111175019/http://sentencing.typepad.com/sentencing_law_and_policy/2006/02/senator_brownba.html |date=November 11, 2006 }}, February 3, 2006</ref>

===Darfur===
Brownback visited refugee camps in Sudan in 2004 and returned to write a resolution labeling the Darfur conflict as genocide, and has been active on attempting to increase U.S. efforts to resolve the situation short of military intervention.<ref>{{wipe|The Washington Post}}: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/26/AR2005122600547.html Policy Adrift on Darfur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726052041/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/26/AR2005122600547.html |date=July 26, 2008 }}, page A25, December 27, 2005.</ref> He is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network, which called him a "champion of Darfur" in its Darfur scorecard, primarily for his early advocacy of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act.<ref>[http://darfurscores.org/champions-of-darfur DarfurScores.org: Champions of Darfur] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108065945/http://darfurscores.org/champions-of-darfur |date=January 8, 2009 }}, operated by the Genocide Intervention Network, site. Retrieved August 21, 2006</ref>

===Economic issues===
[[File:Kansas Governor Sam Brownback addresses during the Kansas Soybean Expo 2014.jpg|thumb|Brownback at the Kansas Soybean Expo 2014]]
As governor he urged a flattening of the income tax to spur economic growth in Kansas. In December 2005, Brownback advocated using Washington, DC, as a laboratory for a flat tax.<ref>The New York Sun: [http://www.nysun.com/article/23696 D.C. May Be Flat Tax Laboratory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202043637/http://www.nysun.com/article/23696 |date=December 2, 2005 }}, November 30, 2005</ref><ref>DCist:
[http://www.dcist.com/archives/2005/12/02/a_flat_tax_for.php A Flat Tax for the District?], December 2, 2005 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

===Evolution===
Brownback has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects [[Biology:Macroevolution|macroevolution]] as an exclusive explanation for the development over time of new species from older ones.<ref>{{cite web |author=Peter Wagenet and Kevin Wang – Zeit Studios |url=http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/sam-brownback-on-evolution/ |title=Sam Brownback on Evolution |publisher=Uncommon Descent |date=May 31, 2007 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427144755/http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/sam-brownback-on-evolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Brownback favors giving teachers the freedom to use [[Unsolved:Intelligent design|intelligent design]] to critique evolutionary theory as part of the [[Unsolved:Teach the Controversy|Teach the Controversy]] approach:

{{blockquote|There's intelligence involved in the overall of creation ... I don't think we're really at the point of teaching this in the classroom. I think what we passed in the U.S. Senate in 2002 the Santorum Amendment is really what we should be doing, and that is that you teach the controversy, you teach what is fact is fact, and what is theory is theory, and you move from that proceedings, rather than from teaching some sort of different thought. And this, I really think that's the area we should concentrate on at the present time, is teaching the controversy.<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0508/23/lkl.01.html Intelligent Design in American Classrooms?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822073608/https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/lkl/date/2005-08-23/segment/01 |date=August 22, 2023 }} CNN Larry King Live, August 23, 2005.</ref>|Senator Sam Brownback|''Larry King Live'', CNN, August 23, 2005}}

Brownback spoke out against the denial of tenure at [[Organization:Iowa State University|Iowa State University]] to astronomer [[Biography:Guillermo Gonzalez (astronomer)|Guillermo Gonzalez]], a proponent of [[Unsolved:Intelligent design|intelligent design]], saying "such an assault on academic freedom does not bode well for the advancement of true science."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brownback.com/s/NewsRoom/PressReleases/BrownbackAlarmedbyTenureDenialinIowa/tabid/355/Default.aspx|title=Brownback Alarmed by Tenure Denial in Iowa|date=May 21, 2007|website=Brownback for President|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523193354/http://www.brownback.com/s/NewsRoom/PressReleases/BrownbackAlarmedbyTenureDenialinIowa/tabid/355/Default.aspx|archive-date=May 23, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Health care===
Brownback opposes government-funded elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde Amendment. He has been a strong supporter of legislation to establish a national childhood cancer database and an increase in funding for autism research.<ref name="ontheissues.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/sam_brownback.htm |title=Sam Brownback on the Issues |publisher=Ontheissues.org |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613225159/http://ontheissues.org/Senate/Sam_Brownback.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2023}} Brownback supports negotiating bulk discounts on Medicare drug benefits to reduce prices. In 2007, Senators Brownback and Sherrod Brown (D-OH) sponsored an amendment to the [[Organization:Food and Drug Administration|Food and Drug Administration]] Amendments Act of 2007. The amendment created a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a transferable "Priority Review Voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} The prize was initially proposed by [[Organization:Duke University|Duke University]] faculty Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 ''Health Affairs'' paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/2/313 |title=Developing Drugs For Developing Countries – Ridley et al. 25 (2): 313 – Health Affairs |date=2006 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.313 |pmid=16522573 |access-date=April 25, 2008 |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822073612/https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.313 |url-status=live |last1=Ridley |first1=D. B. |last2=Grabowski |first2=H. G. |last3=Moe |first3=J. L. |journal=Health Affairs |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=313–324 |hdl=10161/7017 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Brownback has supported a bill that would introduce [[Finance:Transparency (market)|price transparency]] to the U.S. [[Medicine:Health care|health care]] industry,<ref>PR Newswire: [http://www.hiremedical.com/c/medical/newsdetailx/10132.htm Senators and Hospital Groups Support New GPO Transparency Initiative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109093320/http://www.hiremedical.com/c/medical/newsdetailx/10132.htm |date=November 9, 2006 }}, July 12, 2005</ref> as well as a bill which would require the disclosure of Medicare payment rate information.<ref>U.S. Senator Sam Brownback press release: [http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=253714 Brownback Introduces Medicare Payment Rate Disclosure Act] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428022941/http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=253714 |date=April 28, 2006 }}, April 7, 2006</ref>

On December 16, 2006, Brownback gave an interview to the ''Christian Post'', stating: "We can get to this goal of eliminating deaths by [[Medicine:Cancer|cancer]] in ten years."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20061216/24283_Brownback_Addresses_Christian_Radio_Members,_Touts_FDA_Move.htm |title=Brownback Addresses Christian Radio Members, Touts FDA Move |work=Christian Post |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070620230129/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20061216/24283_Brownback_Addresses_Christian_Radio_Members,_Touts_FDA_Move.htm |date=December 16, 2006 |archive-date=June 20, 2007 |access-date=May 10, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Immigration===

==== Senate record ====
Brownback had a Senate voting record that has tended to support higher legal immigration levels<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grades.betterimmigration.com/testgrades.php3?District=KS&VIPID=317|title=Immigration-Reduction Grades - NumbersUSA - For Lower Immigration Levels|website=grades.betterimmigration.com|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107050946/http://grades.betterimmigration.com/testgrades.php3?District=KS&VIPID=317|url-status=dead}}</ref> and strong refugee protection. Brownback was cosponsor of a 2005 bill of Ted Kennedy and John McCain's which would have created a legal path to citizenship for millions of [[Philosophy:Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] already present.<ref name="immbill2005">{{cite web |title =Democrats are flocking to McCain's immigration bill |url =http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/democrats-are-flocking-to-mccains-immigration-bill-2005-08-17.html |access-date =June 21, 2007 |archive-date =August 25, 2007 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070825202707/http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/democrats-are-flocking-to-mccains-immigration-bill-2005-08-17.html |url-status =dead }}</ref> On June 26, 2007, Brownback voted in favor of S. 1639, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:s.01639:|title=Search Results – Thomas (Library of Congress)|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:s.01639:|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00228|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 110th Congress - 1st Session|website=www.senate.gov|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018060924/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00228|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback supports increasing numbers of legal immigrants, building a fence on Mexican border, and the reform bill "if enforced."
While he initially supported giving guest workers a path to citizenship, Brownback eventually voted "Nay" on June 28, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00235|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 110th Congress - 1st Session|website=www.senate.gov|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=December 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230043655/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00235|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback has said that he supports immigration reform because the [[Religion:Bible|Bible]] says to welcome the stranger.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/on-the-road-a-week-with-values-voters/ |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |title=On the Road: A Week With 'Values' Voters |first=Michael |last=Luo |date=October 28, 2007 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |archive-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119110347/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/on-the-road-a-week-with-values-voters/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Record as governor ====
On April 25, 2016, Brownback issued executive orders barring state agencies from facilitating refugee resettlement from Syria and other majority-Muslim countries, in concert with the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). He maintained they presented security risks, and his decision entirely removed Kansas from the program. The ORR served notice that it would instead work directly with local refugee resettlement organizations. Kansas was the first state to withdrew from the federal refugee resettlement program.<ref name="newsweek" />

As a result of Brownback's action, Kansas lost about $2.2 million annually that had been provided to support resettlement agencies. The state had been working with three such agencies, among them Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas, in making appropriate placements. In the seven months preceding his order, 354 refugees were resettled in Kansas, with 13 Syrians placed in the Wichita or Kansas City areas in the previous 16 months. Representative Jim Ward from Wichita called Brownback's announcement "a distraction", intended solely for political purposes, as Kansas faced a $290 million budget deficit.<ref>[http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article73945807.html Gov. Sam Brownback withdraws Kansas from federal refugee resettlement program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729013339/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article73945807.html |date=July 29, 2017 }}, ''Kansas City Star'', Edward M. Eveld, April 26, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</ref>

===Iraq===
[[File:Brownback IRaq.png|thumb|Brownback posing with U.S. Marines in Iraq]]
Brownback supported a political surge coupled with the military surge of 2007 in Iraq and opposed the Democratic Party's strategy of timed withdrawal:

{{blockquote|It does mean that there must be bipartisan agreement for our military commitment on Iraq. We cannot fight a war with the support of only one political party. And it does mean that the parties in Iraq – Sunni, Shi'a and Kurds – must get to a political agreement, to a political equilibrium. I think most people agree that a cut and run strategy does not serve our interest at all, nor those of the world, nor those of the region, nor those of the Iraqi people. So I invite my colleagues, all around, particularly on the other side of the aisle, to indicate what level of commitment they can support.<ref>[http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=267618 Senator Sam Brownback office, ''Brownback on Iraq and Troop Surge, Calls for bipartisanship, diplomatic efforts'', January 17, 2007, Washington, D.C.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070131223044/http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=267618 |date=January 31, 2007 }}</ref>|
Senator Sam Brownback|
U.S. Senate floor speech, January 16, 2007}}

In May 2007, Brownback stated: "We have not lost war; we can win by pulling together". He voted Yes on authorizing use of military force against Iraq, voted No on requiring on-budget funding for Iraq, not emergency funding and voted No on redeploying troops out of Iraq by July 2007.<ref name="ontheissues">{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Sam_Brownback.htm|title=Sam Brownback On the Issues|access-date=September 1, 2007|publisher=ontheissues.org|archive-date=August 23, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823103230/http://www.ontheissues.org/Sam_Brownback.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also condemned anti-Muslim bigotry in name of anti-terrorism.<ref name="ontheissues.org"/>

On June 7, 2007, Brownback voted against the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 when that bill came up for a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee, on which Brownback sits.<ref>Countdown with Keith Olbermann, June 7, 2007.</ref> (The bill was passed out of the committee by a vote of 11 to 8.)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melber |first1=Ari |title=Senate Begins Real Push on Habeas Corpus |url=http://www.thenation.com/blogs/campaignmatters?bid=45&pid=203303 |website=www.thenation.com |publisher=The Nation |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609164444/http://www.thenation.com/blogs/campaignmatters?bid=45&pid=203303 |archive-date=June 9, 2007 |language=en |date=2007-06-07}}</ref> The bill aims to restore [[Philosophy:Habeas corpus|habeas corpus]] rights revoked by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kellman |first=Laurie |title=Bush Veto Expected for Stem Cell Bill |agency=Associated Press |date=July 18, 2006 |url=http://www.technewsworld.com/story/51852.html |access-date=August 23, 2006 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

===Israel and the Palestinian Territories===
[[File:PC280088.JPG (1507409603).jpg|150px|thumb|Brownback at the December 2007 AIPAC Policy Conference]]
In October 2007, Brownback announced his support for a plan designed by Benny Elon, then-chairman of [[Place:Israel|Israel]]'s far-right-wing National Union/National Religious Party (NU/NRP) alliance.<ref name="forward.com">{{cite web |last=Brostoff |first=Marissa |url=http://www.forward.com/articles/11794/ |title=Far Right Israelis Get Boost From Senator – The Jewish Daily Forward |publisher=Forward.com |date=October 10, 2007 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722130506/http://www.forward.com/articles/11794/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Elon's positions included dismantling the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas and rejecting a [[Two-state solution|two-state solution]]. The plan calls for the complete annexation of the West Bank by Israel, and the deportation of its massive majority Arab population to a new Palestinian state to be created within present-day Jordan, against that latter country's historic opposition.<ref name="forward.com" />

===LGBT issues===
In 1996, as a member of the House of Representatives, Brownback voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage for purposes of federal law as the union between a man and a woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/104-1996/h316|title=H.R. 3396 (104th): Defense of Marriage Act -- House Vote #316 -- Jul 12, 1996|website=GovTrack.us|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021140443/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/104-1996/h316|url-status=live}}</ref> Brownback has stated that he believes [[Social:Homosexuality|homosexuality]] to be immoral as a violation of both Catholic doctrine<ref name="WP-Pace">{{cite news |last=Hananel |first=Sam |title=Brownback Supports Pace's Remark on Gays |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |agency=Associated Press |date=March 5, 2007 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/15/AR2007031501113.html |access-date=March 1, 2011 |archive-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207102152/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/15/AR2007031501113.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Philosophy:Natural law|natural law]].<ref name="RS-Sharlet">{{cite news |last=Sharlet |first=Jeff |title=God's Senator |magazine=Rolling Stone |location=New York |date=January 25, 2006 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/9178374/gods_senator/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207014424/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/9178374/gods_senator/ |archive-date=February 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=March 1, 2011}}</ref> He has voted against gay rights, receiving zeros in four of the last five scorecards as a U.S. senator from the Human Rights Campaign.<ref name="HRC-107">{{cite web |title=Congressional Scorecard for the 107th Congress |year=2002 |url=http://www.hrc.org/documents/2002scorecard.pdf |publisher=Human Rights Campaign, Inc |page=8 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115064115/http://www.hrc.org/documents/2002scorecard.pdf |archive-date=November 15, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="HRC-108">{{cite web |title=Congressional Scorecard for the 108th Congress |year=2004 |url=http://www.hrc.org/documents/2004ScoreCard.pdf |publisher=Human Rights Campaign, Inc |page=16 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115064101/http://www.hrc.org/documents/2004ScoreCard.pdf |archive-date=November 15, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="HRC-109">{{cite web|title=Congressional Scorecard for the 109th Congress |year=2006 |url=http://www.hrc.org/documents/HRCscorecard2006.pdf |publisher=Human Rights Campaign, Inc |page=15 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115064050/http://www.hrc.org/documents/HRCscorecard2006.pdf |archive-date=November 15, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="HRC-110">{{cite web |title=Congressional Scorecard for the 110th Congress |year=2008 |url=http://www.hrc.org/documents/Congress_Scorecard-110th.pdf |publisher=Human Rights Campaign, Inc |page=20 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123191130/https://www.hrc.org/documents/Congress_Scorecard-110th.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="HRC-111">{{cite web |title=Congressional Scorecard for the 111th Congress |date=February 23, 2011 |url=http://www.hrc.org/documents/111thCongressional_Scorecard.pdf |publisher=Human Rights Campaign, Inc |page=20 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227111602/https://www.hrc.org/documents/111thCongressional_Scorecard.pdf |archive-date=February 27, 2011 }}</ref> He opposes both [[Social:Same-sex marriage|same-sex marriage]] and same-sex civil unions.<ref name="RS-Sharlet"/> He opposes adding sexual orientation and [[Philosophy:Gender identity|gender identity]] to federal hate crime laws.<ref name="RS-Sharlet"/><ref name="LJW-hatecrime">{{cite news |last=Rothschild |first=Scott |title=Brownback, Roberts, Moran, Tiahrt cite hate crimes provision in voting against military funding bill |newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World |date=October 26, 2009 |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2009/oct/26/brownback-roberts-moran-tiahrt-cite-hate-crimes-pr/ |access-date=March 1, 2011 |archive-date=August 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806094651/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2009/oct/26/brownback-roberts-moran-tiahrt-cite-hate-crimes-pr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He has declined to state a position on homosexual adoption,<ref name="ABC-gayadoption">{{cite news |last=Stephanopoulos |first=George |author-link=George Stephanopoulos |title=Brownback Joins Crowded Presidential Race |work=This Week |date=January 22, 2007 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=2811101 |publisher=ABC News |access-date=March 4, 2011 |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628211511/http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=2811101 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AmericaBlog-gayadoption">{{cite news |last=Aravosis |first=John |author-link=John Aravosis |title=Conservative GOP prez candidate, Sam Brownback, refuses to take position on gay adoption |work=AMERICAblog |date=January 21, 2007 |url=http://www.americablog.com/2007/01/conservative-gop-prez-candidate-sam.html |access-date=March 4, 2011 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707130747/http://www.americablog.com/2007/01/conservative-gop-prez-candidate-sam.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> although a candidate for chair of the Kansas Republican Party claims he was blackballed by political operatives affiliated with Brownback for not opposing homosexual adoption.<ref name="KCC-Sutherland">{{cite news |last=Sutherland |first=Dwight |title=Sutherland: Up On 'Brownback Mountain' or 'I Just Wish I Knew How to Quit You |work=KC Confidential |date=August 16, 2013 |url=http://www.kcconfidential.com/2013/08/16/sutherland-up-on-brownback-mountain-or-i-just-wish-i-knew-how-to-quit-you/ |access-date=August 20, 2013 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233447/http://www.kcconfidential.com/2013/08/16/sutherland-up-on-brownback-mountain-or-i-just-wish-i-knew-how-to-quit-you/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Brownback supported "don't ask, don't tell,"<ref name="WEBlog-DADT">{{cite news |last=Holman |first=Rhonda |title=Kansans in Congress clinging to 'don't ask, don't tell' |series=WE Blog |date=December 5, 2010 |url=http://blogs.kansas.com/weblog/2010/12/kansans-in-congress-clinging-to-dont-ask-dont-tell/ |work=The Wichita Eagle |access-date=March 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713134409/http://blogs.kansas.com/weblog/2010/12/kansans-in-congress-clinging-to-dont-ask-dont-tell/ |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref> the U.S. government's ban on openly homosexual people in the military. Brownback has associated with organizations such as the Family Research Council<ref name="FRC-SPLC">{{cite web|title=FRC, Members of Congress, Governors, and Conservative Leaders Release Open Letter Calling for Civil Debate, End to Character Assassination|url=http://www.frc.org/get.cfm?i=PR10L07|publisher=Family Research Council|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=June 9, 2011|archive-date=August 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822073610/https://www.frc.org/advanced-search|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=RWW-FRC-SPLC>{{cite web|title=Dozens of GOP Leaders Declare Solidarity With Those Who Want To See Homosexuality Outlawed|url=http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/dozens-gop-leaders-declare-solidarity-those-who-want-see-homosexuality-outlawed|work=Right Wing Watch|publisher=People for the American Way|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=June 9, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725175451/http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/dozens-gop-leaders-declare-solidarity-those-who-want-see-homosexuality-outlawed|url-status=live}}</ref> and American Family Association.<ref name=TCJ-Response>{{cite news|title=Brownback responds to Perry's call to pray|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2011-06-07/brownback-responds-perrys-call-pray|access-date=June 9, 2011|newspaper=Topeka Capital-Journal|date=June 7, 2011|agency=Associated Press|archive-date=June 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609153057/http://cjonline.com/news/2011-06-07/brownback-responds-perrys-call-pray|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYT-Response>{{cite news|last=Fernandez|first=Manny|title=Texas Governor Draws Criticism on Prayer Event|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/us/politics/12prayer.html|access-date=June 12, 2011|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=June 11, 2011|author2=Eckholm, Erik|page=A31|archive-date=June 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614214318/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/us/politics/12prayer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, Brownback worked with Alliance for Marriage and Traditional Values Coalition to introduce a Senate bill containing the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would federally prohibit same-sex marriage in the United States.<ref name="NYT-FMA">{{cite news |last=Seelye |first=Katharine Q. |title=Conservatives Mobilize Against Ruling on Gay Marriage |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=November 20, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/20/national/20CONS.html |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-date=January 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124064543/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/20/national/20CONS.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Salon-FMA">{{cite news |last=Grieve |first=Tim |title=Lining up to fight 'the forces of evil' |newspaper=Salon |date=November 19, 2003 |url=http://www.salon.com/2003/11/20/marriage_20/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715032749/http://www.salon.com/2003/11/20/marriage_20/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WT-FMA">{{cite news |last=McCaslin |first=John |title=Inside the Beltway: Redefining Bliss |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=November 26, 2003 |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2003/nov/26/20031126-110943-6790r/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610193405/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2003/nov/26/20031126-110943-6790r/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brownback-FMA">{{cite press release |last=Brownback |first=Sam |title=Brownback Statement on Federal Marriage Amendment |date=September 17, 2003 |url=http://brownback.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=211715 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019014820/http://brownback.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=211715 |archive-date=October 19, 2003 |access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref> The bill was a response to ''Goodridge v. Department of Public Health'', the Massachusetts state court decision finding that same-sex couples had the right to marry in Massachusetts.<ref name="NYT-FMA" /><ref name="Salon-FMA" /><ref name="WT-FMA" /> In reaction to the ''Goodridge'' decision, Brownback stated that same-sex marriage threatened the health of American families and culture.<ref name="LJW-FMA">{{cite news |last=Hanna |first=John |title=Kline, Brownback vow to fight same-sex marriage |newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World |agency=Associated Press |date=November 19, 2003 |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2003/nov/19/kline_brownback_vow/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611035633/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2003/nov/19/kline_brownback_vow/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2006, Brownback blocked the confirmation of federal judicial nominee Janet T. Neff because she had attended a same-sex commitment ceremony.<ref name="NYT-Neff">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Neil A.|title=Senator Removes His Block on Federal Court Nominee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/washington/19judge.html|access-date=October 1, 2011|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=December 19, 2006|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220258/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/washington/19judge.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WSJ-Neff">{{cite news|last=Lattman|first=Peter|title=Amid Criticism, Brownback Lifts Block on Judicial Nominee|series=The Wall Street Journal Law Blog|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2006/12/19/amid-criticism-brownback-lifts-block-on-judicial-nominee/|work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}|access-date=October 1, 2011|date=December 19, 2006|archive-date=March 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324133732/http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2006/12/19/amid-criticism-brownback-lifts-block-on-judicial-nominee/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WP-Neff">{{cite news|last=Dvorak|first=Todd|title=Brownback Wants to Re-Question Nominee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/19/AR2006121900645.html|access-date=October 1, 2011|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|agency=Associated Press|date=December 19, 2006|archive-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/19/AR2006121900645.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At first, he agreed to lift the block only if Neff would recuse herself from all cases involving same-sex unions. Brownback later dropped his opposition.<ref name="NYT-Neff"/><ref name="WSJ-Neff"/><ref name="WP-Neff"/> Neff was nominated to the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan by President George W. Bush on March 19, 2007, to a seat vacated David McKeague and was confirmed by a vote of 83-4 by the Senate on July 9, 2007. She received her commission on August 6, 2007.<ref name=Neff>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-judge/senate-rejects-brownbacks-concerns-about-judge-idUSN0931175220070709 Senate rejects Brownback's concerns about judge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042513/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-judge/senate-rejects-brownbacks-concerns-about-judge-idUSN0931175220070709 |date=December 23, 2017 }}, ''{{wipe|Reuters}}'', July 9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

In April 2011, Brownback began work on a Kansas government program to promote marriage, in part through grants to faith-based and secular social service organizations.<ref name=TCJ-HMI>{{cite news|last=Carpenter|first=Tim|title=Brownback program promotes marriage|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2011-07-02/brownback-program-promotes-marriage|access-date=July 3, 2011|newspaper=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=July 2, 2011|archive-date=July 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706035248/http://cjonline.com/news/2011-07-02/brownback-program-promotes-marriage|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LJW-HMI>{{cite news|last=Rothschild|first=Scott|title=Gov. Brownback, SRS secretary discussing marriage initiatives|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/apr/07/gov-brownback-srs-secretary-discussing-marriage-in/|access-date=July 3, 2011|newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World|date=April 7, 2011|archive-date=April 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414113155/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/apr/07/gov-brownback-srs-secretary-discussing-marriage-in/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2011, the administration revised contract expectations for social work organizations to promote married mother-father families.<ref name=SJ-HMI1>{{cite news|title=SRS history replete with major changes|url=http://www.salina.com/news/story/seniors062111|access-date=October 24, 2011|newspaper=The Salina Journal|date=June 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403071454/http://www.salina.com/news/story/seniors062111|archive-date=April 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name=SJ-HMI2>{{cite news|last=Fiedler|first=Gordon D.|title=Kansas SRS secretary visits Salina|url=http://www.saljournal.com/news/story/Siedlecki-tour|access-date=October 24, 2011|newspaper=The Salina Journal|date=June 22, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501141642/http://www.saljournal.com/news/story/Siedlecki-tour|archive-date=May 1, 2012}}</ref> It explained the change as benefiting children.<ref name=SJ-HMI1/><ref name=SJ-HMI2/>

In January 2012, Brownback did not include Kansas's sodomy law in a list of unenforced and outdated laws that the legislature should repeal.<ref name=TCJ-Repeal>{{cite news|last=Carpenter|first=Tim|title=State 'repealer' lists 51 objections|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2012-01-20/state-repealer-lists-51-objections|access-date=February 19, 2012|newspaper=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=January 20, 2012|archive-date=February 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217055637/http://cjonline.com/news/2012-01-20/state-repealer-lists-51-objections|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LJW-Repeal>{{cite news |last=Rothschild |first=Scott |title=51 measures proposed for repeal, but not law criminalizing gay sex |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jan/20/51-measures-proposed-repeal-not-law-criminalizing-/ |access-date=February 19, 2012 |newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World |date=January 20, 2012 |archive-date=January 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124023846/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jan/20/51-measures-proposed-repeal-not-law-criminalizing-/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=WE-Repeal>{{cite news|title=Kansas governor plans to seek repeal of some regulations, laws|url=http://www.kansas.com/2012/01/20/2182945/kansas-governor-plans-to-seek.html|access-date=February 19, 2012|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|agency=Associated Press|date=January 20, 2012|archive-date=February 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222164041/http://www.kansas.com/2012/01/20/2182945/kansas-governor-plans-to-seek.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NYT-Repeal>{{cite news|last=Sulzberger|first=A. G.|title=Kansas Law on Sodomy Stays on Books Despite a Cull|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/us/sodomy-law-remains-official-in-kansas.html|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=February 14, 2012|archive-date=January 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122074721/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/us/sodomy-law-remains-official-in-kansas.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gay rights advocates had asked his administration to recommend its repeal because the law has been unenforceable since the Supreme Court's ''Lawrence v. Texas'' decision in 2003.<ref name=TCJ-Repeal/><ref name=LJW-Repeal/><ref name=WE-Repeal/><ref name=NYT-Repeal/><ref name=LJW-Repeal-Ask>{{cite news|last=Rothschild|first=Scott|title=Kansas Equality Coalition seeks repeal of homosexual sex law|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/nov/27/kansas-equality-coalition-seeks-repeal-homosexual-/|access-date=February 19, 2012|newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World|date=November 27, 2011|archive-date=January 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130111719/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/nov/27/kansas-equality-coalition-seeks-repeal-homosexual-/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2012, the Brownback administration supported a religious freedom bill that would have stopped cities, school districts, universities, and executive agencies from having nondiscrimination laws or policies that covered sexual orientation or gender identity.<ref name=TCJ-HB2260>{{cite news|last=Carpenter|first=Tim|title=Religious freedom bill evokes contrary views|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2012-02-14/religious-freedom-bill-evokes-contrary-views|access-date=February 19, 2012|newspaper=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=February 14, 2012|archive-date=February 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218032859/http://cjonline.com/news/2012-02-14/religious-freedom-bill-evokes-contrary-views|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LJW-HB2260>{{cite news|last=Rothschild|first=Scott|title=Brownback administration supports bill that critics say could invalidate Lawrence anti-discrimination ordinance|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/feb/14/brownback-administration-supports-bill-critics-say/|access-date=February 19, 2012|newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World|date=February 14, 2012|archive-date=February 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218030954/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/feb/14/brownback-administration-supports-bill-critics-say/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WE-HB2260>{{cite news|last=Brownlee|first=Phillip|title=Religious-liberty bill really about discrimination|url=http://blogs.kansas.com/weblog/2012/02/religious-liberty-bill-really-about-discrimination/|work=WE Blog|access-date=February 19, 2012|publisher=The Wichita Eagle|date=February 13, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723032342/http://blogs.kansas.com/weblog/2012/02/religious-liberty-bill-really-about-discrimination/|archive-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, after oral arguments in ''United States v. Windsor'', the U.S. Supreme Court case striking down part of the Defense of Marriage Act, Brownback publicly reaffirmed his opposition to same-sex marriage.<ref name="CJ-Windsor">{{cite news |last=Hanna |first=John |title=Brownback reaffirms opposition to gay marriage |newspaper=The Topeka Capital-Journal |agency=Associated Press |date=March 29, 2013 |url=http://cjonline.com/news/2013-03-29/brownback-reaffirms-opposition-gay-marriage |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102037/http://cjonline.com/news/2013-03-29/brownback-reaffirms-opposition-gay-marriage |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions to review several federal appellate decisions overturning state bans on same-sex marriage.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-NYT">{{cite news|last=Liptak|first=Adam|title=Supreme Court Hands Gay Marriage a Tacit Victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/us/denying-review-justices-clear-way-for-gay-marriage-in-5-states.html|access-date=October 6, 2014|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=October 6, 2014|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006193126/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/us/denying-review-justices-clear-way-for-gay-marriage-in-5-states.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-WP">{{cite news |last=Barnes |first=Robert |title=Supreme Court declines to review same-sex marriage cases |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-declines-to-review-same-sex-marriage-cases/2014/10/06/ee822848-4d5e-11e4-babe-e91da079cb8a_story.html |access-date=October 6, 2014 |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |date=October 6, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144937/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-declines-to-review-same-sex-marriage-cases/2014/10/06/ee822848-4d5e-11e4-babe-e91da079cb8a_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The court's actions favored repeal of Kansas's ban on same-sex marriage because two of the appeals (''Kitchen v. Herbert'' and ''Bishop v. Oklahoma'') originated in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, which includes Kansas.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-NYT"/><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-WP"/> In response, Brownback defended Kansas's same-sex marriage ban as being supported by a majority of Kansas voters and criticized "activist judges" for "overruling" the people of Kansas.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-TCJ">{{cite news|last=Van Dyke|first=Aly|title=Gay couple denied marriage license in Shawnee County, could become plaintiffs|url=http://cjonline.com/news/2014-10-06/gay-couple-denied-marriage-license-shawnee-county-could-become-plaintiffs|access-date=October 6, 2014|work=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=October 6, 2014|archive-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009070139/http://cjonline.com/news/2014-10-06/gay-couple-denied-marriage-license-shawnee-county-could-become-plaintiffs|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-LJW">{{cite news|last=Hancock|first=Peter|title=Rulings give Kansas couples hope for same-sex marriages|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/06/same-sex-marriage-rulings-may-apply-kansas/|access-date=October 6, 2014|publisher=The Lawrence Journal-World|date=October 6, 2014|archive-date=October 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008050158/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/06/same-sex-marriage-rulings-may-apply-kansas/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-LJW2">{{cite news|last=Hanna|first=John|title=Brownback: Kansas should defend gay marriage ban|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/07/brownback-kansas-should-defend-gay-marriage-ban/|access-date=October 7, 2014|newspaper=The Lawrence Journal-World|agency=Associated Press|date=October 7, 2014|archive-date=October 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008134733/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2014/oct/07/brownback-kansas-should-defend-gay-marriage-ban/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On February 10, 2015, Brownback issued an executive order rescinding protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender state workers that was put into place by then-Gov. Kathleen Sebelius eight years previously.<ref name="LGBT-Protections">{{cite news|last=Lowry|first=Bryan|title=Brownback rescinds protected-class status for LGBT state workers in Kansas|url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/government-politics/article9694028.html|access-date=February 10, 2015|newspaper=The Kansas City Star|date=February 10, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211004828/http://www.kansascity.com/news/government-politics/article9694028.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The ACLU generally characterized his actions as being "religious freedom to discriminate."<ref name=ACLU />

===Stem cell research===
Brownback supports [[Biology:Adult stem cell|adult stem cell research]] and [[Biology:Cord blood|cord blood stem cells]]. Brownback appeared with three children adopted from in vitro fertilization clinics to coincide with a Senate debate over the Cord Blood Stem Cell Act of 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.681.IS: |title=Bill Text – 109th Congress (2005–2006) – THOMAS (Library of Congress) |publisher=Thomas.loc.gov |date=March 17, 2005 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.681.IS: |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2023}} to show his support for the bill and adult stem cell research.

===Other issues===
On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by Brownback, a former broadcaster himself. The new law stiffened the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $325,000 for each violation by each station that violates decency standards. The legislation raised the fine by tenfold.<ref>Combs, Roberta. [http://www.cc.org/content.cfm?id=338 Christian Coalition of America], ''Washington Weekly Review'', June 17, 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207014653/http://www.cc.org/content.cfm?id=338 |date=December 7, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bill Number S. 193 |work=Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate) from Congressional THOMAS DB |url=http://www.congress.org/congressorg/bill.xc?billnum=S.193&congress=109 |access-date=April 11, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050916182346/http://www.congress.org/congressorg/bill.xc?billnum=S.193&congress=109 |archive-date=September 16, 2005 }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2023}}

On September 3, 1997, Meredith O'Rourke, an employee of Kansas firm Triad Management Services, was deposed by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding her activities and observations while providing services for the company relative to fund raising and advertising for Brownback. The deposition claims that Triad circumvented existing campaign finance laws by channeling donations through Triad, and also bypassed the campaign law with Triad running 'issue ads' during Brownback's first campaign for the Senate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainbowtel.net/~bryants/abbmodep_all_scans.htm|title=Anybody But Brownback: The Triad/O'Rourke Deposition, full text|website=www.rainbowtel.net|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071012/http://www.rainbowtel.net/~bryants/abbmodep_all_scans.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf121297.htm |newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |date=January 31, 1999 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |title=Funds Consultant Helped Senator Behind Scenes |archive-date=August 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830013513/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf121297.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Brownback has said he does not believe there is an inherent right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. He has, however, expressed disapproval of George W. Bush's assertions on the legality of the NSA wiretapping program.<ref>{{wipe|The Washington Post}}: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/08/AR2006020801989.html David S. Broder: ''Bucking Bush on Spying''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/08/AR2006020801989.html |date=December 15, 2018 }}, February 9, 2006</ref>

Brownback introduced into the Senate a resolution (Senate Joint Resolution 4) calling for the United States to apologize for past mistreatment of Native Americans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:s.j.res.00004:|title=THOMAS, Library of Congress entry on Senate Joint Resolution 4|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018153249/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:s.j.res.00004:|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=274116 ''Brownback Applauds Committee Passage of Native American Apology Resolution'']. Press release, May 11, 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530230633/http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=274116 |date=May 30, 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.indian.senate.gov/news/pressreleases/pr-10-07-09.cfm ''Brownback, Dorgan Applaud Senate Passage of Native American Apology Resolution''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915123515/http://www.indian.senate.gov/news/pressreleases/pr-10-07-09.cfm |date=September 15, 2012 }} Press release, October 7, 2009</ref>
[[File:Kansas Governor Sam Brownback makes remarks at a ground breaking ceremony at McConnell Air Force Base.jpg|thumb|Governor Sam Brownback makes remarks at a ground breaking ceremony at McConnell Air Force Base.]]

==Relationship with Koch family==
Throughout his Senate career, Brownback's principal campaign donors were the politically influential libertarian Koch brothers of Kansas, and their enterprises, including Kansas-based Koch Industries—and Brownback was one of the candidates most-heavily funded by the Kochs' campaign donations. Over the course of his political career, they donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to his campaigns.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /><ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /><ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" />

Brownback's signature tax and regulatory policies coincide tightly with the Kochs' position on those issues.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /> It was crafted with the assistance of the Koch-backed American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and Brownback's first Budget Director, Steve Anderson. Anderson was a former Koch employee who previously worked at the Kochs' principal political organization, the libertarian think-tank Americans for Prosperity (AFP), developing a "model budget" for Kansas, until his appointment as Brownback's first budget director. Anderson remained Brownback's budget director for three years, before returning to a Koch-linked think tank, the Kansas Policy Institute.<ref name="budget_director_2013_09_06_ljworld_com">Rothschild, Scott, [http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2013/sep/06/brownbacks-former-budget-director-anderson-will-co/ "Brownback's former budget director, Anderson, will work on state fiscal policy with KPI,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902070537/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2013/sep/06/brownbacks-former-budget-director-anderson-will-co/ |date=September 2, 2015 }} September 6, 2013, ''Lawrence Journal-World'' retrieved October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="former_budget_dir_2013_09_07_ap_cjonline_com">Associated Press, [http://cjonline.com/news-legislature-state/2013-09-07/former-kansas-budget-director-work-kansas-policy-institute "Former Kansas Budget Director to work for Kansas Policy Institute,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006113032/http://cjonline.com/news-legislature-state/2013-09-07/former-kansas-budget-director-work-kansas-policy-institute |date=October 6, 2017 }} September 13, 2013, ''Topeka Capital-Journal;'' also at ["Brownback's Ex Budget Director To Work For Kansas Policy Institute,"], September 9, 2013, KMUW-FM, [[Organization:Wichita State University|Wichita State University]]; retrieved October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

Brownback also hired the wife of a Koch-enterprise executive as his spokesperson.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" />

Brownback, however, has denied that the Kochs have an undue influence in Kansas government,<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /> and analysts have noted key differences between Brownback and the Kochs in two of Brownback's main gubernatorial policy areas: 
* social issues: (on abortion, Brownback is pro-life, the Kochs pro-choice; Brownback opposes various LGBT rights, the libertarian Kochs accept them);<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> and
* renewable energy standards for Kansas, which promote renewable energy (supported by Brownback; opposed by the Kochs, whose chief business is the fossil-fuel industry).<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

==Personal life==
[[File:Sam and Mary Brownback (cropped).jpg|thumb|Brownback with his wife, Mary, during his tenure in the US Senate]]
Brownback is married to the former Mary Stauffer, whose family owned and operated Stauffer Communications until its sale in 1995.<ref>{{wipe|The New York Times}} Archives, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DA1438F935A25755C0A963958260 "Media Concern Adds 12 Stauffer Papers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013201221/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DA1438F935A25755C0A963958260 |date=October 13, 2007 }}, Published: June 16, 1995</ref> They have five children: Abby, Andy, Elizabeth, Mark, and Jenna. Two of their children are adopted.<ref>[http://www.brownback.com/about-sam/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826190358/http://www.brownback.com/about-sam/|date=August 26, 2010}}</ref> A former evangelical Christian, Brownback converted to Catholicism<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> in 2002 and is associated with the conservative denominational organization, [[Organization:Opus Dei|Opus Dei]].<ref>[http://kcur.org/post/god-politics-and-sam-brownbacks-kansas#stream/0 God, Politics And Sam Brownback's Kansas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042659/http://kcur.org/post/god-politics-and-sam-brownbacks-kansas#stream/0 |date=December 23, 2017 }}, ''KCUR'', Laura Zeigler, June 21, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref> In 2017, Brownback stated that he sometimes attends an evangelical church with his family.<ref>{{cite news|title=America's point-man on religious liberty is contentious|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2017/07/freedom-s-many-meanings|access-date=July 31, 2017|newspaper=[[Finance:The Economist|The Economist]]|date=July 30, 2017|archive-date=July 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731032310/http://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2017/07/freedom-s-many-meanings|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Electoral history==

===U.S. House of Representatives===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |1994 Kansas's 2nd congressional district Republican primary election results
|-
|'''Party'''
|'''Candidate'''
|'''Votes'''
|'''%'''
|-
|'''Republican'''
|'''Sam Brownback'''
|'''35,415'''
|'''48.3'''
|-
|Republican
|Bob Bennie
|26,008
|35.5
|-
|Republican
|Joe Hume
|11,872
|16.2
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total votes'''
|'''73,295'''
|'''100.0'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Results, 1994 {{ushr|Kansas|2|}} elections:<ref name="clerkresults">{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |title=Election Statistics |access-date=January 10, 2008 |publisher=Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226190314/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |archive-date=December 26, 2007 }}</ref>
!|Year
!
!|Democratic
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Republican
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Overall turnout
|-
|1994
|
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |John W. Carlin
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} align="right" |71,025
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |34.4%
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''Sam Brownback'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |'''135,725'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''65.6%'''
|
| style="text-align:right;"|206,750
{{s-end}}

===U.S. Senator===
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refend}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:95%;"
|+1996 United States Senate special election in Kansas: Republican primary results
!|Year
!
!|Incumbent
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Challenger
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Challenger
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Overall turnout
|-
|1996
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Sheila Frahm (incumbent)
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |142,487
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |41.6%
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''Sam Brownback'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |'''187,914'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''54.8%'''
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Christina Campbell-Cline
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |12,378
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |3.6%
|
| style="text-align:right;"|342,779
{{s-end}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:95%;"
|+1996 United States Senate special election in Kansas: general election results
!|Year
!
!|Democratic
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Republican
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Reform
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Overall turnout
|-
|1996
|
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |Jill Docking
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} align="right" |461,344
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |43.3%
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''Sam Brownback'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |'''574,021'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''53.9%'''
|
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} |Donald R. Klaassen
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} align="right" |29,351
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} |2.8%
|
| style="text-align:right;"|1,064,716
{{s-end}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:95%;"
|+ U.S. Senate elections in Kansas (Class III): results 1998–2004<ref name="clerkresults" />
!|Year
!
!|Democratic
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Republican
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Libertarian
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Reform
!|Votes
!|Pct
!
!|Overall turnout
|-
|1998
|
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |{{nowrap|Paul Feleciano}}
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} align="right" |229,718
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |31.6%
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''Sam Brownback''' '''(incumbent)'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |'''474,639'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''65.3%'''
|
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} |Tom Oyler
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} align="right" |11,545
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} align="right" |1.6%
|
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} |Alvin Bauman
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} align="right" |11,334
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} align="right" |1.6%
|
| style="text-align:right;"|727,236
|-
|2004
|
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |Lee Jones
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} align="right" |310,337
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |27.5%
|
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''Sam Brownback''' '''(incumbent)'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} align="right" |'''780,863'''
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''69.2%'''
|
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} |{{nowrap|Steven A.}} Rosile
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} align="right" |21,842
|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} align="right" |1.9%
|
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} |George Cook
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} align="right" |15,980
|{{Party shading/ReformUSA}} align="right" |1.4%
|
| style="text-align:right;"|1,129,022
{{s-end}}

===Governor of Kansas===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |2010 Kansas gubernatorial election: Republican primary result 
|-
|'''Party'''
|'''Candidate'''
|'''Votes'''
|'''%'''
|-
|'''Republican'''
|'''Sam Brownback'''
|'''263,920'''
|'''82.1'''
|-
|Republican
|Joan Heffington
|57,160
|17.8
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total votes'''
|'''321,080'''
|'''100.0'''
|}

{{Election box begin no change
| title = 2010 Kansas gubernatorial election<ref name="General">{{cite web|url=http://www.kssos.org/ent/kssos_ent.html#0040|title=Kansas 2010 General Election November 2, 2010 Unofficial Results|work=Kansas Secretary of State|date=November 2, 2010|access-date=November 11, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803122206/http://www.kssos.org/ent/kssos_ent.html#0040|archive-date=August 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Sam Brownback – Jeff Colyer
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 530,760
| percentage = 63.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Tom Holland – Kelly Kultala
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 270,166
| percentage = 32.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Andrew Gray – Stacey Davis
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| votes = 22,460
| percentage = 2.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Ken Cannon – Dan Faubion
| party = Reform Party (United States)
| votes = 15,397
| percentage = 1.84
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 838,790
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no change
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |2014 Kansas gubernatorial election: Republican primary result
|-
|'''Party'''
|'''Candidate'''
|'''Votes'''
|'''%'''
|-
|'''Republican'''
|'''Sam Brownback''' '''(incumbent)'''
|'''166,687'''
|'''63.2'''
|-
|Republican
|Jennifer Winn
|96,907
|36.7
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total votes'''
|'''263,594'''
|'''100.0'''
|}
{{Election box begin no change
|title=2014 Kansas gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas Secretary of State 2014 General Election Official Vote Totals|url=http://www.kssos.org/elections/14elec/2014%20General%20Election%20Official%20Results.pdf|access-date=December 14, 2014|archive-date=December 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215065550/http://www.kssos.org/elections/14elec/2014%20General%20Election%20Official%20Results.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
 |candidate = Sam Brownback (incumbent) – Jeff Colyer (incumbent)
 |party = Republican Party (United States)
 |votes = 433,196
 |percentage = 49.82
 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
 |candidate = Paul Davis – Jill Docking
 |party = Democratic Party (United States)
 |votes = 401,100
 |percentage = 46.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
 |candidate = Keen A. Umbehr – Josh Umbehr
 |party = Libertarian Party (United States)
 |votes = 35,206
 |percentage = 4.05
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 869,502
| percentage = 100.00
}}{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* United States immigration debate
* ''How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180124055833/https://governor.kansas.gov/ Governor Sam Brownback] official government website (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101028214402/http://www.brownback.com/ Sam Brownback for Governor]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020125/http://www.gedview.com/brownback/ Genealogy of Sam Brownback]
* {{C-SPAN|5197}}
:* [https://archive.today/20121209091212/http://herndon1.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/can_detail/P80003288/ Sam Brownback's presidential campaign finance reports and data] at the FEC
:* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070612221202/http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/summary.asp?id=N00005244&cycle=2008 Sam Brownbeck's presidential campaign contributions]
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Power_To_Purpose.htm Review of Brownback's book by OnTheIssues.org]
* [https://www.citizensforethics.org/press-release/ethics-complaint-against-sam-brownback-for-misleading-fundraising/ Ethics complaint against Sam Brownback] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215903/https://www.citizensforethics.org/press-release/ethics-complaint-against-sam-brownback-for-misleading-fundraising/ |date=December 23, 2017 }}
*[https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/G1-Brownback-Collection/field/all/mode/all/conn/all/order/dated/ad/asc Publications concerning Kansas Governor Brownback's administration available via the KGI Online Library]

{{Navboxes
|title=Offices and distinctions
|list1=
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=Jim Slattery}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives<br />from Kansas's 2nd congressional district|years=1995–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=Jim Ryun}}

{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=Bob Dole}}
{{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Kansas<br />(Class 3)|years=1996, 1998, 2004}}
{{s-aft|after=Jerry Moran}}

{{s-bef|before=Jim Barnett}}
{{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for Governor of Kansas|years=2010, 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Biography:Kris Kobach|Kris Kobach]]}}

{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=Sheila Frahm}}
{{s-ttl|title=U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Kansas|years=1996–2011|alongside=Nancy Kassebaum, Pat Roberts}}
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{{s-bef|before=Chris Smith}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Joint Helsinki Commission|years=2005–2007}}
{{s-aft|after=Alcee Hastings}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Kansas|years=2011–2018}}
{{s-aft|after=Jeff Colyer}}

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{{s-bef|before=David Saperstein}}
{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom}}|years=2018–2021}}
{{s-aft|after=Rashad Hussain}}

{{s-bef|before=Dan Coats|as=former U.S. Senator}}
{{s-ttl|title=Order of precedence of the United States<br>''{{small|as former U.S. Senator }}''|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=David Boren|as=former U.S. Senator}}
{{s-end}}
}}

{{Navboxes
|list1 =
{{USCongRep-start
| congresses= 104th–111th United States Congress
| state= Kansas}}
{{USCongRep/KS/104}}
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{{USCongRep/KS/107}}
{{USCongRep/KS/108}}
{{USCongRep/KS/109}}
{{USCongRep/KS/110}}
{{USCongRep/KS/111}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brownback, Sam}}
[[Category:Intelligent design advocates]]

{{Sourceattribution|Sam Brownback}}