View source for Biology:1997 Bolivarian Games

{{Infobox games
| name          = XIII Bolivarian Games
| logo          =
| size          = 
| caption       = 
| host_city     = [[Place:Arequipa|Arequipa]], Arequipa
| country       = {{Flagcountry|PER}}
| motto         = 
| nations       = 6
| teams         = 
| athletes      = 1710
| events        = 22 sports
| opening       = {{Start date|1997|10|17}}
| closing       = {{End date|1997|10|24}}
| opened_by     = Alberto Fujimori
| athlete_oath  = 
| judge_oath    = 
| torch_lighter = Hernán Llerena
| stadium       = Estadio Monumental de la Universidad Nacional San Agustín
| length        = 
| ind_prize     = 
| team_prize    = 
| website       = 
| previous      = 1993 Cochabamba and Santa Cruz
| next          = 2001 Ambato 
}}
The '''XIII Bolivarian Games''' (Spanish: ''Juegos Bolivarianos'') were a multi-sport event held between October 17–26, 1997, in [[Place:Arequipa|Arequipa]], Peru. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).

The opening ceremony that took place on October 17, 1997, at the Estadio Monumental de la Universidad Nacional San Agustín in [[Place:Arequipa|Arequipa]], Perú.<ref name=eluniversal_01>
{{ Citation 
| last = 
| first = 
| date = October 20, 1997
| title = Breves Juegos Bolivarianos 
| url = http://www.eluniversal.com/1997/10/20/dep_art_20303GG.shtml
| page = 
| publisher = El Universal
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 19, 2013
}}
</ref>  The Games were officially opened by Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori. Torch lighter was 70-year-old former cyclist Hernán Llerena,<ref name=eluniversal_01/> who won 4 gold medals at the 1947–48 Bolivarian Games and another gold medal at the 1951 Bolivarian Games.<ref name=bolivia>
{{ Citation 
| last = Gamarra Zorrilla
| first = José
| date = 
| title = Bolivia Olímpica Capítulos VI al VIII 
| url = http://www.andesacd.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Bolivia-Ol%C3%ADmpica-Cap%C3%ADtulos-VI-al-VIII.pdf
| publisher = ANDES Academia del Conocimiento y el Desarrollo "Fernando Diez de Medina"
| language = Spanish 
| accessdate = October 22, 2012
}}
</ref>

Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.<ref name=coe>
{{ Citation
 |title=CUADRO DE MEDALLISTAS ECUATORIANOS EN LA HISTORIA DE LOS J. D. B. POR EDICIÓN 
 |url=http://www.coe.org.ec/pdf/Medallas_Ecuador/JUEGOS_BOLIVARIANOS_1938-1997.pdf 
 |publisher=Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano 
 |language=Spanish 
 |accessdate=October 22, 2012 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608185327/http://www.coe.org.ec/pdf/Medallas_Ecuador/JUEGOS_BOLIVARIANOS_1938-1997.pdf 
 |archivedate=June 8, 2012 
}}
</ref>

== Participation ==
About 1710 athletes from 6 countries were reported to participate:<ref name=explored_01>{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| date = October 15, 1997
| title = Inauguran la villa Bolivariana
| url = http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/inauguran-la-villa-bolivariana-112039.html
| page = 
| publisher = explored.com.ec from Hoy
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 19, 2013
}} </ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flag|Bolivia}} (324)
*{{flag|Colombia}} (304)
*{{flag|Ecuador}} (285)
*{{flag|Panama}} (103)
*{{flag|Peru}} (488)
*{{flag|Venezuela}} (491)
{{div col end}}
The numbers might include coaches, because other sources publish smaller
numbers.<ref name=explored_02/><ref name=eluniversal_02>
{{ Citation 
| last = 
| first = 
| date = October 20, 1997
| title = La semana en noticias
| url = http://www.eluniversal.com/1997/10/20/pol_art_20120AA.shtml
| page = 
| publisher = El Universal
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 20, 2013
}}
</ref>

== Sports ==
The following 20 sports (+ 1 exhibition) were explicitly mentioned:<ref name=coe/><ref name=explored_02>
{{ Citation 
| date = October 16, 1997
| title = Arequipa Capital Bolivariana
| url = http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/arequipa-capital-bolivariana-108601.html
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130106095324/http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/arequipa-capital-bolivariana-108601.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = January 6, 2013
| publisher = explored.com.ec from Hoy
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 20, 2013
}}
</ref><ref name=eluniversal_03>
{{ Citation 
| last = Contreras
| first = Richard
| date = October 28, 1997
| title = Alarmante retroceso del deporte nacional 
| url = http://www.eluniversal.com/1997/10/28/dep_art_28310AA.shtml
| page = 
| publisher = El Universal
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 20, 2013
}}
</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*Aquatic sports 
**[[File:Swimming pictogram.svg|30px]] Swimming ({{detailslink|Swimming at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]] Athletics ({{detailslink|Athletics at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Basketball pictogram.svg|30px]] Basketball ({{detailslink|Basketball at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Bowling pictogram.svg|30px]] [[Engineering:Bowling|Bowling]] ({{detailslink|Bowling at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|30px]] Boxing ({{detailslink|Boxing at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Climbing.png|30px]] Climbing ({{detailslink|Climbing at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})<sup>†</sup>
*Cycling 
**[[File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg|30px]] Road cycling ({{detailslink|Cycling at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
**[[File:Cycling (track) pictogram.svg|30px]] Track cycling ({{detailslink|Cycling at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Equestrian pictogram.svg|30px]] Equestrian ({{detailslink|Equestrian at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Fencing pictogram.svg|30px]] Fencing ({{detailslink|Fencing at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Football pictogram.svg|30px]] Football ({{detailslink|Football at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})<sup>‡</sup>
*Gymnastics 
**[[File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|30px]] Artistic gymnastics ({{detailslink|Gymnastics at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Judo pictogram.svg|30px]] Judo ({{detailslink|Judo at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Karate pictogram.svg|30px]] Karate ({{detailslink|Karate at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|30px]] [[Engineering:Shooting sports|Shooting]] ({{detailslink|Shooting at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Softball pictogram.svg|30px]] Softball ({{detailslink|Softball at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|30px]] Table tennis ({{detailslink|Table tennis at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Taekwondo pictogram.svg|30px]] Taekwondo ({{detailslink|Taekwondo at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Tennis pictogram.svg|30px]] Tennis ({{detailslink|Tennis at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Volleyball (indoor) pictogram.svg|30px]] Volleyball ({{detailslink|Volleyball at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|30px]] Weightlifting ({{detailslink|Weightlifting at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
*[[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|30px]] Wrestling ({{detailslink|Wrestling at the 1997 Bolivarian Games}})
{{div col end}}
<sup>†</sup>: Exhibition event.<br>
<sup>‡</sup>: The competition was reserved to youth representatives (U-17).<ref name=explored_03>{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| date = September 11, 1997
| title = La sub 17 se prepara
| url = http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/la-sub-17-se-prepara-109171.html
| page = 
| publisher = explored.com.ec from Hoy
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 20, 2013
}} </ref>

==Medal count==
The medal count for these Games is tabulated below.<ref name=medallas>
{{ Citation
 |title=RESULTADOS - XIII Juegos Bolivarianos.  Arequipa - Perú, 1997 
 |url=http://www.juegosbolivarianos2005.gov.co/home/historia_resultados.aspx?m=3&s=2
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011124323/http://www.juegosbolivarianos2005.gov.co/home/historia_resultados.aspx?m=3&s=2
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=October 11, 2007
 |publisher=Comité Organizador de los Juegos Deportivos Bolivarianos 2005 
 |language=Spanish 
 |accessdate=January 16, 2013 
}}
</ref>  This table is sorted by the number of [[Chemistry:Gold medal|gold medal]]s earned by each country.  The number of [[Chemistry:Silver medal|silver medal]]s is taken into consideration next, and then the number of [[Chemistry:Bronze medal|bronze medal]]s.

{| class="wikitable" border="2" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=6|1997 Bolivarian Games Medal Count
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
!Rank
|align=left|'''Nation'''
|bgcolor="gold" align=center width=60|'''Gold'''
|bgcolor="silver" align=center width=60|'''Silver'''
|bgcolor="CC9966" align=center width=60|'''Bronze''' 
!width=60|Total
|-
|align=right|1||align=left|{{VEN}}||121||110||84||315
|-
|align=right|2||align=left|{{COL}}||119||93||75||287
|-style="background:#ccccff"
|align=right|3||align=left|{{PER}}||50||66||95||211
|-
|align=right|4||align=left|{{ECU}}||24||37||73||134
|-
|align=right|5||align=left|{{BOL}}||4||5||24||33
|-
|align=right|6||align=left|{{PAN}}||2||5||17||24
|-
!colspan="2"|Total!!320!!316!!368!!1004
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Arequipa]]

{{Sourceattribution|1997 Bolivarian Games}}