View source for Biology:2018 in paleomammalogy

This [[Biology:Mammalogy|paleomammalogy]] list records new  [[Biology:Fossil|fossil]] [[Biology:Mammal|mammal]] taxa that were [[Biology:Binomial nomenclature|described]] during the year 2018, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

==Mammals in general==
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphological]] diversity of vertebral regions in non-mammalian [[Biology:Synapsid|synapsid]]s, and on its implication for elucidating the evolution of anatomically distinct regions of the mammalian spines, is published by Jones ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=K. E. Jones |author2=K. D. Angielczyk |author3=P. D. Polly |author4=J. J. Head |author5=V. Fernandez |author6=J. K. Lungmus |author7=S. Tulga |author8=S. E. Pierce |year=2018 |title=Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian regionalized spine |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6408 |pages=1249–1252 |doi=10.1126/science.aar3126 |pmid=30237356 |bibcode=2018Sci...361.1249J |s2cid=52310287 |url=http://iu.tind.io/record/1789/files/3546_fossils-reveal-complex-evolutionary-history.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of the mammalian jaw is published by Lautenschlager ''et al.'' (2018), who find no evidence for a concurrent reduction in jaw-joint stress and increase in bite force in key non-[[Biology:Mammaliaformes|mammaliaform]] taxa in the [[Biology:Cynodont|cynodont]]–mammaliaform transition.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Stephan Lautenschlager |author2=Pamela G. Gill |author3=Zhe-Xi Luo |author4=Michael J. Fagan |author5=Emily J. Rayfield |year=2018 |title=The role of miniaturization in the evolution of the mammalian jaw and middle ear |journal=Nature |volume=561 |issue=7724 |pages=533–537 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0521-4 |pmid=30224748 |bibcode=2018Natur.561..533L |s2cid=52284325 |url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/the-role-of-miniaturization-in-the-evolution-of-the-mammalian-jaw-and-middle-ear(ba985d2e-fbf6-4c92-8924-a0e703869f08).html }}</ref>
* A study on the structure and origin of the braincase sidewalls of [[Biology:Monotreme|monotreme]]s, [[Biology:Multituberculata|multituberculates]] and [[Biology:Theria|theria]]ns, based on data from extant and fossil mammals and non-mammalian [[Biology:Cynodont|cynodont]]s, is published by Crompton ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=A.W. Crompton |author2=C. Musinsky |author3=G.W. Rougier |author4=B.-A.S. Bhullar |author5=J. A. Miyamae |year=2018 |title=Origin of the lateral wall of the mammalian skull: fossils, monotremes and therians revisited |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=301–313 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9388-7 |s2cid=16072755 }}</ref>
* Vertebrate burrows, interpreted as most likely constructed by mammals, are described from the Salt Wash Member of the Upper Jurassic [[Earth:Morrison Formation|Morrison Formation]] (Utah, {{wipe|United States}}) by Raisanen & Hasiotis (2018), who name new [[Biology:Ichnotaxon|ichnotaxa]] ''Daimonelix martini'' and ''Fractisemita henrii'' (the latter potentially representing the burrows of a social mammal).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Derek C. W. Raisanen |author2=Stephen T. Hasiotis |year=2018 |title=New ichnotaxa of vertebrate burrows from the Salt Wash Member, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, south-eastern Utah (USA) |journal=Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=181–202 |doi=10.14241/asgp.2018.017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on diversification dynamics of the three major mammalian clades (multituberculates, [[Biology:Metatheria|metatheria]]ns and [[Biology:Eutheria|eutheria]]ns) in North America across the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary is published by Pires ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mathias M. Pires |author2=Brian D. Rankin |author3=Daniele Silvestro |author4=Tiago B. Quental |year=2018 |title=Diversification dynamics of mammalian clades during the K–Pg mass extinction |journal=Biology Letters |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=20180458 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2018.0458 |pmid=30258031 |pmc=6170748 }}</ref>
* A study on changes in mammalian faunal composition and structure during the earliest [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]] biotic recovery, based on data from four localities in the [[Earth:Hell Creek Formation|Hell Creek Formation]] and Tullock Member of the [[Earth:Fort Union Formation|Fort Union Formation]] (Montana, {{wipe|United States}}), is published by Smith ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Stephanie M. Smith |author2=Courtney J. Sprain |author3=William A. Clemens |author4=Donald L. Lofgren |author5=Paul R. Renne |author6=Gregory P. Wilson |year=2018 |title=Early mammalian recovery after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: A high-resolution view from McGuire Creek area, Montana, USA |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=130 |issue=11–12 |pages=2000–2014 |doi=10.1130/B31926.1 |s2cid=134501919 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ms8x6rs }}</ref>
* A high-resolution age model for mammalian turnover between the To2 and To3 substages of the [[Biology:Torrejonian|Torrejonian]] across the [[Earth:San Juan Basin|San Juan Basin]] is presented by Leslie ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Caitlin Leslie |author2=Daniel Peppe |author3=Thomas Williamson |author4=Dario Bilardello |author5=Matthew Heizler |author6=Ross Secord |author7=Tyler Leggett |year=2018 |title=High-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA: Implications for basin evolution and mammalian turnover |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=318 |issue=3 |pages=300–334 |doi=10.2475/03.2018.02 |bibcode=2018AmJS..318..300L |s2cid=135327595 |url=http://osf.io/qxw4n/ }}</ref>
* A study on the mammalian extinction selectivity, continental body size distributions, and taxonomic diversity over five time periods spanning the past 125,000 years is published by Smith ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence indicating that larger species of mammals were at greater risk of extinction following the global expansion of hominins over the late Quaternary, and that the degree of size-selectivity of mammalian extinctions in this period was unprecedented in the past 65 million years of mammalian evolution.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Felisa A. Smith |author2=Rosemary E. Elliott Smith |author3=S. Kathleen Lyons |author4=Jonathan L. Payne |year=2018 |title=Body size downgrading of mammals over the late Quaternary |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6386 |pages=310–313 |doi=10.1126/science.aao5987 |pmid=29674591 |bibcode=2018Sci...360..310S |s2cid=5046004 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the relationship between extinctions of insular endemic mammal species in the Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] and [[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]] and their body mass, the size of the island and the first human arrival to the archipelago is published by Kouvari & van der Geer (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Miranta Kouvari |author2=Alexandra A.E. van der Geer |year=2018 |title=Biogeography of extinction: The demise of insular mammals from the Late Pleistocene till today |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=505 |pages=295–304 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.008 |bibcode=2018PPP...505..295K |s2cid=133848944 }}</ref>
* A study on the relationship between diversification rates and climatic niche evolution in mammals is published by Castro-Insua ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Adrián Castro-Insua |author2=Carola Gómez-Rodríguez |author3=John J. Wiens |author4=Andrés Baselga  |year=2018 |title=Climatic niche divergence drives patterns of diversification and richness among mammal families |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 8781 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-27068-y |pmid=29884843 |pmc=5993713 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.8781C }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary isotopic signatures recorded in tissues of herbivorous mammals, focusing on extant and fossil [[Biology:Sloth|sloth]]s, and evaluating the hypothesis that a single isotope enrichment pattern holds for all herbivorous mammals, is published by Tejada-Lara ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Julia V. Tejada-Lara |author2=Bruce J. MacFadden |author3=Lizette Bermudez |author4=Gianmarco Rojas |author5=Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi |author6=John J. Flynn |year=2018 |title=Body mass predicts isotope enrichment in herbivorous mammals |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1881 |pages=20181020 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1020 |pmid=30051854 |pmc=6030519 }}</ref>
* A study on the temporal changes in the spatial differentiation of mammal faunas in China during the [[Earth:Cenozoic|Cenozoic]], and on the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured mammal faunas in China, is published by He ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jiekun He |author2=Holger Kreft |author3=Siliang Lin |author4=Yang Xu |author5=Haisheng Jiang |year=2018 |title=Cenozoic evolution of beta diversity and a Pleistocene emergence for modern mammal faunas in China |journal=Global Ecology and Biogeography |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1326–1338 |doi=10.1111/geb.12800 |bibcode=2018GloEB..27.1326H |s2cid=91788893 }}</ref>
* A study on the impact of discoveries of fossil mammals that preserve the ancestral or near-ancestral [[Biology:Morphology|morphologies]] on resolution of differences between morphological and molecular estimates of mammal phylogeny is published by Beck & Baillie (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Robin M. D. Beck |author2=Charles Baillie |year=2018 |title=Improvements in the fossil record may largely resolve current conflicts between morphological and molecular estimates of mammal phylogeny |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1893 |pages=20181632 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1632 |pmid=30963896 |pmc=6304057 }}</ref>

==Metatherians==
* A study on the changes of the global diversity of [[Biology:Metatheria|metatheria]]ns through time based on a new dataset of metatherian fossil occurrences is published by Bennett ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=C. Verity Bennett |author2=Paul Upchurch |author3=Francisco J. Goin |author4=Anjali Goswami |year=2018 |title=Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality |journal=Paleobiology |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=171–198 |doi=10.1017/pab.2017.34 |bibcode=2018Pbio...44..171B |s2cid=46796692 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/94590 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of new dentary fossils referable to ''[[Biology:Eodelphis|Eodelphis]] browni'', and a study on the evolution of adaptations to [[Biology:Durophagy|durophagy]] in [[Biology:Stagodontidae|stagodontids]], is published online by Brannick & Wilson (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alexandria L. Brannick |author2=Gregory P. Wilson |year=2018 |title=New specimens of the Late Cretaceous metatherian ''Eodelphis'' and the evolution of hard-object feeding in the Stagodontidae |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1007/s10914-018-9451-z |s2cid=52883299 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphological]] diversity of [[Biology:Sparassodonta|sparassodonts]] and its implications for the structure of the terrestrial carnivore guild from the middle [[Earth:Cenozoic|Cenozoic]] of [[Earth:South America|South America]] is published by Croft ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Darin A. Croft |author2=Russell K. Engelman |author3=Tatiana Dolgushina |author4=Gina Wesley |year=2018 |title=Diversity and disparity of sparassodonts (Metatheria) reveal non-analogue nature of ancient South American mammalian carnivore guilds |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1870 |pages=20172012 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2012 |pmid=29298933 |pmc=5784193 }}</ref>
* Description of a partial skull of ''Allqokirus australis'' from the [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]] [[Earth:Santa Lucía Formation|Santa Lucía Formation]] (Bolivia) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by de Muizon ''et al.'' (2018), who name a new metatherian superorder Pucadelphyda.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christian de Muizon |author2=Sandrine Ladevèze |author3=Charlène Selva |author4=Robin Vignaud |author5=Florent Goussard |year=2018 |title=''Allqokirus australis'' (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=16 |pages=363–459 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a16 |s2cid=134681633 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/16 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the age of [[Biology:Thylacine|thylacine]] and Tasmanian devil fossils from the mainland {{wipe|Australia}} and their implications for estimating the time of extinction in mainland Australia for both species is published by White ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lauren C. White |author2=Frédérik Saltré |author3=Corey J. A. Bradshaw |author4=Jeremy J. Austin |year=2018 |title=High-quality fossil dates support a synchronous, Late Holocene extinction of devils and thylacines in mainland Australia |journal=Biology Letters |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=20170642 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2017.0642 |pmid=29343562 |pmc=5803592 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogeography and demographic history of the thylacine during the late Pleistocene and Holocene is published by White, Mitchell & Austin (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lauren C. White |author2=Kieren J. Mitchell |author3=Jeremy J. Austin |year=2018 |title=Ancient mitochondrial genomes reveal the demographic history and phylogeography of the extinct, enigmatic thylacine (''Thylacinus cynocephalus'') |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1111/jbi.13101 |bibcode=2018JBiog..45....1W |s2cid=91011378 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogeography and demographic history of the Tasmanian devil across southern Australia over the last ≈30,000 years, based on genomes from 202 devils representing the extinct mainland and the extant Tasmanian populations, is published by Brüniche–Olsen ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Anna Brüniche–Olsen |author2=Menna E. Jones |author3=Christopher P. Burridge |author4=Elizabeth P. Murchison |author5=Barbara R. Holland |author6=Jeremy J. Austin |year=2018 |title=Ancient DNA tracks the mainland extinction and island survival of the Tasmanian devil |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=963–976 |doi=10.1111/jbi.13214 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018JBiog..45..963B }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Biology:Palaeopotorous|Palaeopotorous]] priscus'' is published by den Boer & Kear (2018), who interpret this taxon as a probable non-macropodoid [[Biology:Macropodiformes|macropodiform]] marsupial.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Wendy den Boer |author2=Benjamin P. Kear |year=2018 |title=Is the fossil rat-kangaroo ''Palaeopotorous priscus'' the most basally branching stem macropodiform? |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=e1428196 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1428196 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E8196D |s2cid=90116198 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/6088703 }}</ref>
* Revision of the taxonomic status of fossil kangaroo relatives attributed to the genera ''[[Biology:Ganawamaya|Ganawamaya]]'' and ''[[Biology:Nambaroo|Nambaroo]]'' is published by Butler ''et al.'' (2018), who also describe new fossil material of ''Ganawamaya couperi'' (formerly assigned to the genus ''Nambaroo''), ''Ganawamaya acris'' and ''G. aediculis''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kaylene Butler |author2=Kenny J. Travouillon |author3=Gilbert J. Price |author4=Michael Archer |author5=Suzanne J. Hand |year=2018 |title=Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, ''Ganawamaya'' and ''Nambaroo'' (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae) |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 21.1.8A |doi=10.26879/747 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on evolution of kangaroos during the last 25 million years, based on data from fossil teeth, is published by Couzens & Prideaux (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Aidan M. C. Couzens |author2=Gavin J. Prideaux |year=2018 |title=Rapid Pliocene adaptive radiation of modern kangaroos |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6410 |pages=72–75 |doi=10.1126/science.aas8788 |pmid=30287658 |bibcode=2018Sci...362...72C |s2cid=52921257 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of hitherto missing elements in the skeleton of ''[[Biology:Thylacoleo carnifex|Thylacoleo carnifex]]'' and a study on the anatomy and biomechanics of the postcranial skeleton of this species is published by Wells & Camens (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Roderick T. Wells |author2=Aaron B. Camens |year=2018 |title=New skeletal material sheds light on the palaeobiology of the Pleistocene marsupial carnivore, ''Thylacoleo carnifex'' |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=e0208020 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0208020 |pmid=30540785 |pmc=6291118 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1308020W |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Australogale''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Russell K. Engelman |author2=Federico Anaya |author3=Darin A. Croft |year=2020 |title=''Australogale leptognathus'', gen. et sp. nov., a second species of small sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the middle Miocene locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=37–54 |doi=10.1007/s10914-018-9443-z |s2cid=49473591 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
In press
|
Engelman, Anaya & Croft
|
Miocene ([[Earth:Serravallian|Serravallian]])
| Honda Group
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Sparassodonta|Sparassodonta]]. Genus includes new species ''A. leptognathus''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it is scheduled to be published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Austropediomys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Leonardo M. Carneiro |author2=Édison V. Oliveira |author3=Francisco J. Goin |year=2018 |title=''Austropediomys marshalli'' gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=120–131 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2018.2.03 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Carneiro, Oliveira & Goin
|
[[Earth:Itaboraian|Itaboraian]]
|
[[Earth:Itaboraí Formation|Itaboraí Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Metatheria|Marsupialiformes]] belonging to the order Archimetatheria and the superfamily Pediomyiodea. The type species is ''A. marshalli''.
|
|-
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''Bergqvistherium''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leonardo M. Carneiro |year=2018 |title=A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae |journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |volume=91 |issue=Suppl. 2 |pages=e20180440 |doi=10.1590/0001-3765201820180440 |pmid=30365721 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Carneiro
|
[[Earth:Itaboraian|Itaboraian]]
|
[[Earth:Itaboraí Formation|Itaboraí Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Didelphimorphia|Didelphimorphia]] belonging to the family Protodidelphidae. The type species is ''B. primigenia''.
|
|-
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''Chlorocyon''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Russell K. Engelman |author2=John J. Flynn |author3=Philip Gans |author4=André R. Wyss |author5=Darin A. Croft |year=2018 |title=''Chlorocyon phantasma'', a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3918 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1206/3918.1 |hdl=2246/6922 |s2cid=92580823 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/156684 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Engelman ''et al.''
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Mustersan|Mustersan]])
|
[[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Chile}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Sparassodonta|Sparassodonta]] belonging to the group Borhyaenoidea. The type species is ''C. phantasma''.
|
|-
|
''Coloradolops''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Laura Chornogubsky |author2=A. Natalia Zimicz |author3=Francisco J. Goin |author4=Juan C. Fernicola |author5=Patricio Payrola |author6=Magalí Cárdenas |year=2018 |title=New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=539–555 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1417333 |s2cid=91140722 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Chornogubsky ''et al.''
|
Middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Polydolopimorphia|Polydolopimorphia]] belonging to the superfamily Bonapartherioidea and to the family Prepidolopidae. Genus includes new species ''C. cardonensis''.
|
|-
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''Fumodelphodon''<ref name=Fumodelphodon>{{cite journal |author=Joshua E. Cohen |year=2018 |title=Earliest Divergence of Stagodontid (Mammalia: Marsupialiformes) Feeding Strategies from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of North America |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=165–177 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9382-0 |s2cid=18977109 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Cohen
|
Late Cretaceous ([[Earth:Turonian|Turonian]])
|
[[Earth:Straight Cliffs Formation|Straight Cliffs Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Utah}})
|
A member of [[Biology:Stagodontidae|Stagodontidae]]. Genus includes new species ''F. pulveris''.
|
|-
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''Galatiadelphys''<ref name=Galatiadelphys>{{cite journal |author1=Grégoire Métais |author2=Pauline M. Coster |author3=John R. Kappelman |author4=Alexis Licht |author5=Faruk Ocakoğlu |author6=Michael H. Taylor |author7=K. Christopher Beard |year=2018 |title=Eocene metatherians from Anatolia illuminate the assembly of an island fauna during Deep Time |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0206181 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0206181 |pmid=30427946 |pmc=6235269 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1306181M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Métais ''et al.''
|
Late middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Uzunçarşıdere Formation
|
{{Flag|Turkey}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Herpetotheriidae|Herpetotheriidae]]. The type species is ''G. minor''.
|
|-
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''[[Biology:Herpetotherium|Herpetotherium tabrumi]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author=William W. Korth |year=2018 |title=Review of the marsupials (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the late Paleogene (Chadronian–Arikareean: late Eocene–late Oligocene) of North America |journal=PalZ |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=499–523 |doi=10.1007/s12542-017-0396-y |bibcode=2018PalZ...92..499K |s2cid=135174395 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Korth
|
Late [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]] ([[Earth:Chadronian|Chadronian]])
|
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Montana}}<br>{{Flag|Nebraska}}<br>{{Flag|North Dakota}})
|
|
|-
|
''Hoodootherium''<ref name=Fumodelphodon />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Cohen
|
Late Cretaceous ([[Earth:Turonian|Turonian]])
|
[[Earth:Straight Cliffs Formation|Straight Cliffs Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Utah}})
|
A member of [[Biology:Stagodontidae|Stagodontidae]]. Genus includes new species ''H. praeceps''.
|
|-
|
''Miminipossum''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Michael Archer |author2=Pippa Binfield |author3=Suzanne J. Hand |author4=Karen H. Black |author5=Phillip Creaser |author6=Troy J. Myers |author7=Anna K. Gillespie |author8=Derrick A. Arena |author9=John Scanlon |author10=Neville Pledge |author11=Jenni Thurmer |year=2018 |title=''Miminipossum notioplanetes'', a Miocene forest-dwelling phalangeridan (Marsupialia; Diprotodontia) from northern and central Australia |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 21.1.2A |doi=10.26879/757 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Archer ''et al.''
|
Miocene
|
Riversleigh World Heritage Area<br>
Wipajiri Formation
|
{{Flag|Australia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Phalangerida|Phalangerida]] belonging to the new family Miminipossumidae. The type species is ''M. notioplanetes''.
|
|-
|
''Orhaniyeia''<ref name=Galatiadelphys />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Métais ''et al.''
|
Late middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Uzunçarşıdere Formation
|
{{Flag|Turkey}}
|
A relative of ''[[Biology:Anatoliadelphys|Anatoliadelphys]]''. The type species is ''O. nauta''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Perameles papillon|Perameles papillon]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kenny J. Travouillon |author2=Matthew J. Phillips |year=2018 |title=Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4378 |issue=2 |pages=224–256 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.3 |pmid=29690027 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Travouillon & Phillips
|
[[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]]
| Nullarbor Plain
|
{{Flag|Australia}}
|
A [[Biology:Perameles|long-nosed bandicoot]].
|
|-
|
''Pujatodon''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Francisco J. Goin |author2=Emma C. Vieytes |author3=Javier N. Gelfo |author4=Laura Chornogubsky |author5=Ana N. Zimicz |author6=Marcelo A. Reguero |year=2020 |title=New metatherian mammal from the early Eocene of Antarctica |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=17–36 |doi=10.1007/s10914-018-9449-6 |s2cid=91932037 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/131626 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
In press
|
Goin ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]])
|
[[Earth:La Meseta Formation|La Meseta Formation]]
|
[[Earth:Antarctica|Antarctica]]<br>(Seymour Island)
|
Probably a member of [[Biology:Polydolopimorphia|Polydolopimorphia]]. Genus includes new species ''P. ektopos''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it is scheduled to be published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Rhizophascolonus|Rhizophascolonus ngangaba]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Philippa Brewer |author2=Michael Archer |author3=Suzanne Hand |author4=Gilbert J. Price |year=2018 |title=A new species of Miocene wombat (Marsupialia, Vombatiformes) from Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia, and implications for the evolutionary history of the Vombatidae |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.27A |doi=10.26879/870 |doi-access=free |hdl=10141/622528 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Brewer ''et al.''
|
Miocene
|
Riversleigh site
|
{{Flag|Australia}}
|
A [[Biology:Wombat|wombat]].
|
|-
|
''Varalphadon janetae''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leonardo M. Carneiro |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Varalphadon'' (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the upper Cenomanian of southern Utah, North America: Phylogenetic and biogeographic insights |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=84 |pages=88–96 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.004 |bibcode=2018CrRes..84...88C }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Carneiro
|
[[Earth:Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]] (late [[Earth:Cenomanian|Cenomanian]] to early [[Earth:Coniacian|Coniacian]])
|
[[Earth:Naturita Formation|Naturita Formation]]<br>
[[Earth:Straight Cliffs Formation|Straight Cliffs Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Utah}})
|
Possibly a member of [[Biology:Sparassodonta|Sparassodonta]].
|
|-
|}

==Eutherians==
* A study on the causes of the increase of body size in aquatic mammals, based on data on the body masses of living and fossil mammals, is published by Gearty, McClain & Payne (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=William Gearty |author2=Craig R. McClain |author3=Jonathan L. Payne |year=2018 |title=Energetic tradeoffs control the size distribution of aquatic mammals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=16 |pages=4194–4199 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1712629115 |pmid=29581289 |pmc=5910812 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4194G |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on large mammal burrows from the Upper Miocene [[Earth:Cerro Azul Formation|Cerro Azul Formation]] ({{wipe|Argentina}}), aiming to infer their likely producers and to interpret the [[Earth:Taphonomy|taphonomic]] processes involved in the preservation of the burrow casts, is published by Cardonatto & Melchor (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=María Cristina Cardonatto |author2=Ricardo Néstor Melchor |year=2018 |title=Large mammal burrows in late Miocene calcic paleosols from central Argentina: paleoenvironment, taphonomy and producers |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e4787 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4787 |pmid=29844958 |pmc=5969051 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet and habitat of the [[Biology:Hemphillian|Hemphillian]] [[Biology:Equidae|equids]] ''Calippus hondurensis'', ''[[Biology:Dinohippus|Dinohippus]] mexicanus'' and ''[[Biology:Protohippus|Protohippus]] gidleyi'', the [[Biology:Gomphothere|gomphothere]] ''[[Biology:Gomphotherium|Gomphotherium]] hondurensis'', and the llama ''[[Biology:Hemiauchenia|Hemiauchenia]] vera'' from San Gerardo de Limoncito (Costa Rica) is published by Pérez-Crespo ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Víctor Adrián Pérez-Crespo |author2=César A. Laurito |author3=Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales |author4=Ana L. Valerio |author5=Pedro Morales-Puente |author6=Edith Cienfuegos-Alvarado |author7=Francisco J. Otero |year=2018 |title=Feeding habits and habitat of herbivorous mammals from the Early–Late Hemphillian (Miocene) of Costa Rica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=645–652 |doi=10.4202/app.00517.2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution and interconnectedness of the mammal faunas living in the [[Earth:Old World|Old World]] [[Earth:Savanna|savanna]]s in the [[Earth:Neogene|Neogene]] is published by Kaya ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ferhat Kaya |author2=Faysal Bibi |author3=Indrė Žliobaitė |author4=Jussi T. Eronen |author5=Tang Hui |author6=Mikael Fortelius |year=2018 |title=The rise and fall of the Old World savannah fauna and the origins of the African savannah biome |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=241–246 |doi=10.1038/s41559-017-0414-1 |pmid=29292396 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..241K |hdl=10138/326196 |s2cid=52810119 }}</ref>
* A study on the changes of the species richness of mammals from the [[Place:Iberian Peninsula|Iberian Peninsula]] between 15 and 2 million years ago, and on the modulating role of different factors influencing that species richness, is published by Cantalapiedra, Domingo & Domingo (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Juan L. Cantalapiedra |author2=M. Soledad Domingo |author3=Laura Domingo |year=2018 |title=Multi-scale interplays of biotic and abiotic drivers shape mammalian sub-continental diversity over millions of years |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 13413 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31699-6 |pmid=30194335 |pmc=6128930 |bibcode=2018NatSR...813413C }}</ref>
* Systematic revision of the Miocene mammalian faunas of the Republic of Macedonia, known from fossils stored in the Macedonian Museum of Natural History, [[Place:Skopje|Skopje]], is published by Spassov ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Nikolai Spassov |author2=Denis Geraads |author3=Latinka Hristova |author4=Georgi N. Markov |author5=Biljana Garevska |author6=Risto Garevska |year=2018 |title=The late Miocene mammal faunas of the Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) |journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A |volume=311 |issue=1–6 |pages=1–85 |doi=10.1127/pala/2018/0073 |bibcode=2018PalAA.311....1S |s2cid=134139783 |url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02470767/file/Spassov%26al_GornaSushitsa.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Earth:Paleomagnetism|paleomagnetic]] chronology of the fossil-bearing strata and on the age of the late Miocene mammal fossils from the Xining basin ([[Place:Tibetan Plateau|Tibetan Plateau]], {{wipe|China}}) is published by Hen ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jian'en Hen |author2=Zhaogang Shao |author3=Qiguang Chen |author4=Biao Xu |author5=Qianqian Zhang |author6=Jia Yu |author7=Qingwei Meng |author8=Xuefeng Zhang |author9=Jin Wang |author10=Dagang Zhu |year=2018 |title=Magnetochronology of late Miocene mammal fauna in Xining basin, NE Tibetan Plateau, China |journal=Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=2067–2078 |doi=10.1111/1755-6724.13716 |bibcode=2018AcGlS..92.2067H |s2cid=135216432 |url=http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2018endzxb06001&flag=1 }}</ref>
* Faith (2018) evaluates the aridity index, a widely used technique for reconstructing local paleoclimate and water deficits from oxygen isotope composition of fossil mammal teeth, arguing that in some taxa altered drinking behavior (influencing oxygen isotope composition of teeth) might have been caused by dietary change rather than water deficits.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=J. Tyler Faith |year=2018 |title=Paleodietary change and its implications for aridity indices derived from δ<sup>18</sup>O of herbivore tooth enamel |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=490 |pages=571–578 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.045 |bibcode=2018PPP...490..571F }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Scott A. Blumenthal |author2=Naomi E. Levin |author3=Francis H. Brown |author4=Jean-Philip Brugal |author5=Kendra L. Chritz |author6=Thure E. Cerling |year=2018 |title=Diet and evaporation sensitivity in African ungulates: A comment on Faith (2018) |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=506 |pages=250–251 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.022 |bibcode=2018PPP...506..250B |s2cid=135094022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=J. Tyler Faith |year=2018 |title=We need to critically evaluate our assumptions: Reply to Blumenthal et al. (2018) |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=506 |pages=252–253 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.023 |bibcode=2018PPP...506..252F |s2cid=134698793 }}</ref>
* A revision of the mammal fauna from the Miocene site of Bukwa (Uganda) and a study on the age of this fauna is published by Cote ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their finding as indicating that a significant faunal turnover may have occurred in East Africa between 20 and 19 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Susanne Cote |author2=John Kingston |author3=Alan Deino |author4=Alisa Winkler |author5=Robert Kityo |author6=Laura MacLatchy |year=2018 |title=Evidence for rapid faunal change in the early Miocene of East Africa based on revised biostratigraphic and radiometric dating of Bukwa, Uganda |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=116 |pages=95–107 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.001 |pmid=29477184 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on changes of the species- and genus-level diversity of large mammals in the Omo-Turkana Basin (eastern Africa) in the Pliocene and Pleistocene is published by Du & Alemseged (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Andrew Du |author2=Zeresenay Alemseged |year=2018 |title=Diversity analysis of Plio-Pleistocene large mammal communities in the Omo-Turkana Basin, eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=124 |pages=25–39 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.004 |pmid=30153945 |s2cid=52114894 }}</ref>
* The primary description and analysis of the so-called GD A faunal assemblage from the Gondolin Cave ({{wipe|South Africa}}) is published by Adams (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Justin W. Adams |year=2018 |title=Fossil mammals from the Gondolin Dump A ex situ hominin deposits, South Africa |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5393 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5393 |pmid=30123713 |pmc=6084286 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of large mammals from the Pleistocene sediments at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), as indicated by tooth wear and stable isotope data from fossil teeth, is published by Uno ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kevin T. Uno |author2=Florent Rivals |author3=Faysal Bibi |author4=Michael Pante |author5=Jackson Njau |author6=Ignacio de la Torre |year=2018 |title=Large mammal diets and paleoecology across the Oldowan–Acheulean transition at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania from stable isotope and tooth wear analyses |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=120 |pages=76–91 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.01.002 |pmid=29752005 |s2cid=21663061 |url=http://iu.tind.io/record/1121 }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of the most abundant ungulate taxa from the Oldowan site HWK EE (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania), as indicated by tooth wear and stable isotope analyses, is published by Rivals ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Florent Rivals |author2=Kevin T. Uno |author3=Faysal Bibi |author4=Michael C. Pante |author5=Jackson Njau |author6=Ignacio de la Torre |year=2018 |title=Dietary traits of the ungulates from the HWK EE site at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): Diachronic changes and seasonality |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=120 |pages=203–214 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.011 |pmid=28870375 |s2cid=35815586 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050430/ }}</ref>
* Description of new mammal and fish remains from the Olduvai Gorge site, comparing the mammal assemblage from this site to the present mammal community of Serengeti, and a study on their implications for reconstructing the paleoecology of this site at ~1.7–1.4 million years ago, is published by Bibi ''et al.'' (2018).<ref name=Pmaasaicus />
* A study on the distance of [[Earth:Seed dispersal|seed dispersal]] by extant and extinct mammalian frugivores and on the impact of the extinction of [[Biology:Pleistocene megafauna|Pleistocene megafauna]] on seed dispersal is published by Pires ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mathias M. Pires |author2=Paulo R. Guimarães |author3=Mauro Galetti |author4=Pedro Jordano |year=2018 |title=Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and the functional loss of long-distance seed-dispersal services |journal=Ecography |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=153–163 |doi=10.1111/ecog.03163 |s2cid=31921405 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet and habitat of [[Biology:Ungulate|ungulate]]s from the Middle [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] site of Fontana Ranuccio (Italy) as indicated by their tooth wear is published by Strani ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Flavia Strani |author2=Daniel DeMiguel |author3=Fabio Bona |author4=Raffaele Sardella |author5=Italo Biddittu |author6=Luciano Bruni |author7=Adelaide De Castro |author8=Francesco Guadagnoli |author9=Luca Bellucci |year=2018 |title=Ungulate dietary adaptations and palaeoecology of the Middle Pleistocene site of Fontana Ranuccio (Anagni, Central Italy) |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=496 |pages=238–247 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.041 |bibcode=2018PPP...496..238S }}</ref>
* A study on the response of large ungulates to the palaeoenvironmental changes that occurred at the passage between the Gelasian and Calabrian in the Italian Peninsula, based on the dental wear patterns and hypsodonty of the ungulates from the fossil assemblage of Olivola (Aulla, Italy), is published by Strani ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Flavia Strani |author2=Daniel DeMiguel |author3=Luca Bellucci |author4=Raffaele Sardella |year=2018 |title=Dietary response of early Pleistocene ungulate communities to the climate oscillations of the Gelasian/Calabrian transition in Central Italy |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=499 |pages=102–111 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.021 |bibcode=2018PPP...499..102S |s2cid=135037751 |url=http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/78760 }}</ref>
* A study on the ungulate and [[Biology:Carnivora|carnivora]]n [[Earth:Carrying capacity|carrying capacity]] of the late Early and early Middle Pleistocene ecosystems of Europe is published by Rodríguez & Mateos (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jesús Rodríguez |author2=Ana Mateos |year=2018 |title=Carrying capacity, carnivoran richness and hominin survival in Europe |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=118 |pages=72–88 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.01.004 |pmid=29606204 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the changes of vegetation in the temperate zone of Asia during an interval containing the Mid-[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] Transition, ≈1.2–0.7 million years ago, as indicated by pollen data from a drilling core from the North China Plain, as well as on their effect on the large mammal fauna is published by Xinying ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Zhou Xinying |author2=Yang Jilong |author3=Wang Shiqi |author4=Xiao Guoqiao |author5=Zhao Keliang |author6=Zheng Yan |author7=Shen Hui |author8=Li Xiaoqiang |year=2018 |title=Vegetation change and evolutionary response of large mammal fauna during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition in temperate northern East Asia |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=505 |pages=287–294 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.007 |bibcode=2018PPP...505..287Z |s2cid=134868767 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating how the [[Earth:Mammoth steppe|mammoth steppe]] ecosystem with its expected low vegetation productivity managed to support a high diversity and density of large mammalian herbivores during the [[Earth:Last Glacial Maximum|Last Glacial Maximum]] is published by Zhu ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Dan Zhu |author2=Philippe Ciais |author3=Jinfeng Chang |author4=Gerhard Krinner |author5=Shushi Peng |author6=Nicolas Viovy |author7=Josep Peñuelas |author8=Sergey Zimov |year=2018 |title=The large mean body size of mammalian herbivores explains the productivity paradox during the Last Glacial Maximum |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=640–649 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0481-y |pmid=29483680 |pmc=5868731 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..640Z }}</ref>
* A study modeling spatial and temporal patterns of habitat suitability for 24 megafauna species and ''Homo sapiens'' in the Late Pleistocene in Eurasia is published by Carotenuto ''et al.'' (2018), who state that extinct herbivorous megafauna species were consistently rare within habitat patches optimal for humans.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=F. Carotenuto |author2=M. Di Febbraro |author3=M. Melchionna |author4=A. Mondanaro |author5=S. Castiglione |author6=C. Serio |author7=L.Rook |author8=A. Loy |author9=M.S. Lima-Ribeiro |author10=J.A.F. Diniz-Filho |author11=P. Raia |year=2018 |title=The well-behaved killer: Late Pleistocene humans in Eurasia were significantly associated with living megafauna only |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=500 |pages=24–32 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.036 |bibcode=2018PPP...500...24C |s2cid=133820001 }}</ref>
* A study on eastern African herbivore communities spanning the past 7 million years, aiming to test the hypothesis that tool-bearing, meat-eating hominins contributed to the demise of [[Earth:Megaherbivore|megaherbivore]]s prior to the emergence of ''Homo sapiens'', is published by Faith ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=J. Tyler Faith |author2=John Rowan |author3=Andrew Du |author4=Paul L. Koch |year=2018 |title=Plio-Pleistocene decline of African megaherbivores: No evidence for ancient hominin impacts |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6417 |pages=938–941 |doi=10.1126/science.aau2728 |pmid=30467167 |bibcode=2018Sci...362..938F |s2cid=53755457 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the Pleistocene Linyi Fauna, and on its implications for establishing the chronological sequencing of the mammalian faunas on the Chinese Loess Plateau, is published by Qiu ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yahui Qiu |author2=Hong Ao |author3=Yunxiang Zhang |author4=Peixian Shu |author5=Yongxiang Li |author6=Xingwen Li |author7=Peng Zhang |year=2018 |title=Magnetostratigraphic dating of the Linyi Fauna and implications for sequencing the mammalian faunas on the Chinese Loess Plateau |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=629–644 |doi=10.1017/qua.2017.83 |bibcode=2018QuRes..89..629Q |s2cid=135007131 }}</ref>
* Studies on the structure of mammal communities from the [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] sites in the Anui River Basin and the Charysh River Basin are published by Agadjanian & Shunkov (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=A. K. Agadjanian |author2=M. V. Shunkov |year=2018 |title=Late Pleistocene mammals of the Northwestern Altai: Report 1. Anui Basin |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=12 |pages=1450–1460 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118120043 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52.1450A |s2cid=92543390 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=A. K. Agadjanian |author2=M. V. Shunkov |year=2018 |title=Late Pleistocene mammals of the Northwestern Altai: Report 2. Charysh Basin |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=12 |pages=1461–1472 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118120055 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52.1461A |s2cid=195300731 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of the skulls of extant and extinct elephants and hippos, evaluating the hypothesis that the skulls of extinct [[Biology:Insular dwarfism|island dwarf]] members of these groups were pedomorphic, is published by van der Geer ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alexandra A. E. van der Geer |author2=George A. Lyras |author3=Philipp Mitteroecker |author4=Ross D. E. MacPhee |year=2018 |title=From Jumbo to Dumbo: cranial shape changes in elephants and hippos during phyletic dwarfing |journal=Evolutionary Biology |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=303–317 |doi=10.1007/s11692-018-9451-1 |bibcode=2018EvBio..45..303V |s2cid=4663435 }}</ref>
* The first evidence of bears scavenging on [[Biology:Equidae|horses]] in the South American fossil record is reported from the Pleistocene deposits of the Gruta do Urso cave ({{wipe|Brazil}}) by Avilla ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Leonardo Santos Avilla |author2=Helena Machado |author3=Herminio Ismael de Araujo-Junior |author4=Dimila Mothe |author5=Alline Rotti |author6=Karoliny de Oliveira |author7=Victoria Maldonado |author8=Ana Maria Graciano Figueiredo |author9=Angela Kinoshita |author10=Oswaldo Baffa |year=2018 |title=Pleistocene ''Equus'' (Equidae: Mammalia) from northern Brazil: evidence of scavenger behavior by ursids on South American horses |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=517–530 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.05.07.2018.3069 |s2cid=134160124 }}</ref>
* A study on the population dynamics of North American humans and large mammals preceding [[Biology:Megafauna|megafauna]]l extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene, and on their implications for inferring the causes of extinction of large mammals in North America at the end of the Pleistocene, is published by Broughton & Weitzel (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jack M. Broughton |author2=Elic M. Weitzel |year=2018 |title=Population reconstructions for humans and megafauna suggest mixed causes for North American Pleistocene extinctions |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 5441 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-07897-1 |pmid=30575758 |pmc=6303330 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.5441B }}</ref>
* A study on a [[Biology:Hybrid|hybrid offspring]] of the grey seal and ringed seal born in 1929 in [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]] zoo, and on its implications for paleontological research, is published by Savriama ''et al.'' (2018), who evaluate whether fossil specimens with [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] intermediate between two taxa could potentially be hybrids, and estimate the overall hybridization potential in mammal evolution, including human ancestry.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Yoland Savriama |author2=Mia Valtonen |author3=Juhana I. Kammonen |author4=Pasi Rastas |author5=Olli-Pekka Smolander |author6=Annina Lyyski |author7=Teemu J. Häkkinen |author8=Ian J. Corfe |author9=Sylvain Gerber |author10=Isaac Salazar-Ciudad |author11=Lars Paulin |author12=Liisa Holm |author13=Ari Löytynoja |author14=Petri Auvinen |author15=Jukka Jernvall |year=2018 |title=Bracketing phenogenotypic limits of mammalian hybridization |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=180903 |doi=10.1098/rsos.180903 |pmid=30564397 |pmc=6281900 |bibcode=2018RSOS....580903S }}</ref>

===Xenarthrans===
* A study on the relationship between [[Biology:Humerus|humerus]] shape and the modes of exploring substrate among extant and fossil members of [[Biology:Pilosa|Pilosa]] is published by de Oliveira & Santos (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alessandro Marques de Oliveira |author2=Charles Morphy D. Santos |year=2018 |title=Functional morphology and paleoecology of Pilosa (Xenarthra, Mammalia) based on a two-dimensional geometric morphometrics study of the humerus |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=279 |issue=10 |pages=1455–1467 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20882 |pmid=30105869 |s2cid=51971287 }}</ref>
* A study on the species distribution of 15 fossil xenarthrans from the late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of [[Earth:South America|South America]] is published by Varela ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Luciano Varela |author2=P. Sebastián Tambusso |author3=Santiago J. Patiño |author4=Mariana Di Giacomo |author5=Richard A. Fariña |year=2018 |title=Potential distribution of fossil xenarthrans in South America during the late Pleistocene: co-pccurrence and provincialism |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=539–550 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9406-9 |s2cid=25974749 }}</ref>
* A study on the micro[[Physics:Wear|wear]] patterns in the teeth of the [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] [[Biology:Sloth|sloth]]s ''[[Biology:Orophodon|Orophodon]] hapaloides'' and ''[[Biology:Octodontotherium|Octodontotherium]] grande'', as well its implications for inferring the diet of these taxa, is published by Kalthoff & Green (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Daniela C. Kalthoff |author2=Jeremy L. Green |year=2018 |title=Feeding ecology in Oligocene mylodontoid sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra) as revealed by orthodentine microwear analysis |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=551–564 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9405-x |pmid=30443148 |pmc=6209052 }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy of the ear region in ''[[Biology:Glossotherium|Glossotherium]] robustum'' and on the evolution of the inner ear anatomy in the xenarthrans is published by Boscaini ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alberto Boscaini |author2=Dawid A. Iurino |author3=Guillaume Billet |author4=Lionel Hautier |author5=Raffaele Sardella |author6=German Tirao |author7=Timothy J. Gaudin |author8=François Pujos |year=2018 |title=Phylogenetic and functional implications of the ear region anatomy of ''Glossotherium robustum'' (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina |journal=The Science of Nature |volume=105 |issue=3–4 |pages=Article 28 |doi=10.1007/s00114-018-1548-y |pmid=29589123 |bibcode=2018SciNa.105...28B |hdl=11336/86750 |s2cid=4700419 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the internal [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of the skull of ''[[Biology:Glossotherium|Glossotherium]] robustum'' is published online by Boscaini ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alberto Boscaini |author2=Dawid A. Iurino |author3=Raffaele Sardella |author4=German Tirao |author5=Timothy J. Gaudin |author6=François Pujos |year=2018 |title=Digital cranial endocasts of the extinct sloth ''Glossotherium robustum'' (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the late Pleistocene of Argentina: description and comparison with the extant sloths |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=55–71 |doi=10.1007/s10914-018-9441-1 |s2cid=46974585 }}</ref>
* A skull of a [[Biology:Megatheriidae|megatheriid]] sloth belonging to a member or a relative of the genus ''[[Biology:Proeremotherium|Proeremotherium]]'' is described from the Pliocene San Gregorio Formation (Venezuela) by Carlini ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alfredo A. Carlini |author2=Diego Brandoni |author3=Rodolfo Sánchez |author4=Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra |year=2018 |title=A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela – implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.16A |doi=10.26879/771 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/80208 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the fusion of anterior thoracic vertebrae in [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] ground sloths is published online by Tambusso ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=P. Sebastián Tambusso |author2=Luciano Varela |author3=H. Gregory McDonald |year=2018 |title=Fusion of anterior thoracic vertebrae in Pleistocene ground sloths |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=244–251 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1487419 |s2cid=90758938 }}</ref>
* A study on the feet anatomy of the fossil sloths ''[[Biology:Megatherium|Megatherium]]'' and ''[[Biology:Eremotherium|Eremotherium]]'', as well as its implications for inferring the degree to which their feet were habitually inverted, is published by Toledo ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Néstor Toledo |author2=Gerardo De Iuliis |author3=Sergio F. Vizcaíno |author4=M. Susana Bargo |year=2018 |title=The concept of a pedolateral pes revisited: the giant sloths ''Megatherium'' and ''Eremotherium'' (Xenarthra, Folivora, Megatheriinae) as a case study |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=525–537 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9410-0 |s2cid=8854661 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/80692 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* New remains (skull and [[Biology:Humerus|humeri]]) of ''Megathericulus patagonicus'' are described from the middle Miocene fossiliferous locality of Quebrada Honda (Bolivia) by Brandoni ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Diego Brandoni |author2=Alfredo A. Carlini |author3=Federico Anaya |author4=Phil Gans |author5=Darin A. Croft |year=2018 |title=New remains of ''Megathericulus patagonicus'' Ameghino, 1904 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Serravallian (middle Miocene) of Bolivia; chronological and biogeographical implications |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=327–337 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9384-y |s2cid=18176106 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/132238 }}</ref>
* New fossil remains of ''Megatherium filholi'' are described from the late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] sediments of Buenos Aires Province ({{wipe|Argentina}}) by Agnolin ''et al.'' (2018), who revalidate ''M. filholi'' as a distinct species.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Federico L. Agnolin |author2=Nicolás R. Chimento |author3=Diego Brandoni |author4=Daniel Boh |author5=Denise H. Campo |author6=Mariano Magnussen |author7=Francisco De Cianni |year=2018 |title=New Pleistocene remains of ''Megatherium filholi'' Moreno, 1888 (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Pampean Region: Implications for the diversity of Megatheriinae of the Quaternary of South America |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=289 |issue=3 |pages=339–348 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2018/0777 |s2cid=134660849 }}</ref>
* A study on the bone structure of the skull of ''[[Biology:Thalassocnus|Thalassocnus]]'' and on the evolution of bone mass increase in extinct aquatic sloths is published by Amson, Billet & de Muizon (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Eli Amson |author2=Guillaume Billet |author3=Christian de Muizon |year=2018 |title=Evolutionary adaptation to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths can lead to systemic alteration of bone structure |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1878 |pages=20180270 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.0270 |pmid=29743254 |pmc=5966604 }}</ref>
* A study on the ontogenetic, intraspecific and interspecific variations in the anatomy of the occipital region of the skulls of members of the family [[Biology:Mylodontidae|Mylodontidae]] from the late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of {{wipe|Argentina}} is published by Brambilla & Ibarra (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Luciano Brambilla |author2=Damián A. Ibarra |year=2018 |title=The occipital region of late Pleistocene Mylodontidae of Argentina |journal=Boletín del Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología |volume=88 |pages=1–9 |url=https://www.fceia.unr.edu.ar/fisiografia/volumen88/brambilla_etal_bifg88.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Biology:Mylodon|Mylodon]] darwinii'', based on mitogenomic and nuclear data, is published by Delsuc ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Frédéric Delsuc |author2=Melanie Kuch |author3=Gillian C. Gibb |author4=Jonathan Hughes |author5=Paul Szpak |author6=John Southon |author7=Jacob Enk |author8=Ana T. Duggan |author9=Hendrik N. Poinar |year=2018 |title=Resolving the phylogenetic position of Darwin's extinct ground sloth (''Mylodon darwinii'') using mitogenomic and nuclear exon data |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1878 |pages=20180214 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.0214 |pmid=29769358 |pmc=5966596 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] and [[Biology:Histology|histology]] of [[Biology:Glyptodont|glyptodont]] [[Biology:Osteoderm|osteoderm]]s from the Gruta do Urso cave ({{wipe|Brazil}}), representing the first juvenile specimen of ''[[Biology:Glyptotherium|Glyptotherium]]'' described from the Late Pleistocene of South America, is published by Luna ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Carlos A. Luna |author2=Ignacio A. Cerda |author3=Alfredo E. Zurita |author4=Romina Gonzalez |author5=M. Cecilia Prieto |author6=Dimila Mothé |author7=Leonardo S. Avilla |year=2018 |title=Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens? |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=159–170 |doi=10.4202/app.00409.2017 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/92591 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* Taxonomic revision of glyptodonts from Uruguay belonging to the tribe Plohophorini is published by Toriño & Perea (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Pablo Toriño |author2=Daniel Perea |year=2018 |title=New contributions to the systematics of the "Plohophorini" (Mammalia, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from Uruguay |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=86 |pages=410–430 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2018.07.006 |bibcode=2018JSAES..86..410T |s2cid=134481193 }}</ref>
* A study comparing the morphology of South American species of ''[[Biology:Glyptodon|Glyptodon]]'' and ''[[Biology:Glyptotherium|Glyptotherium]]'', in order to identify diagnostic differences and potential synapomorphies, is published by Zurita ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alfredo Eduardo Zurita |author2=David D. Gillette |author3=Francisco Cuadrelli |author4=Alfredo Armando Carlini |year=2018 |title=A tale of two clades: Comparative study of ''Glyptodon'' Owen and ''Glyptotherium'' Osborn (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) |journal=Geobios |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2018.04.004 |bibcode=2018Geobi..51..247Z |s2cid=134450624 }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy of the [[Biology:Hyoid apparatus|hyoid apparatus]] of two glyptodontid specimens from [[Earth:Lujanian|Lujanian]] sediments of the Pampean Region ({{wipe|Argentina}}), assigned to the genus ''[[Biology:Panochthus|Panochthus]]'', is published by Zamorano ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Martín Zamorano |author2=Gustavo Juan Scillato-Yané |author3=Esteban Soibelzon |author4=Leopoldo Héctor Soibelzon |author5=Ricardo Bonini |author6=Sergio Gabriel Rodriguez |year=2018 |title=Hyoid apparatus of ''Panochthus'' sp. (Xenarthra; Glyptodontidae) from the Late Pleistocene of the Pampean Region (Argentina). Comparative description and muscle reconstruction |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=288 |issue=2 |pages=205–219 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2018/0733 }}</ref>
* First cases of [[Earth:Parasitism|parasitism]] by fleas and other [[Biology:Cutis (anatomy)|cutaneous]] [[Medicine:Lesion|lesion]]s on [[Biology:Osteoderm|osteoderm]]s, [[Biology:Carapace|carapace]] and caudal tube fragments of large fossil [[Biology:Cingulata|cingulates]], including ''[[Biology:Panochthus|Panochthus]]'', ''[[Biology:Glyptotherium|Glyptotherium]]'' and ''[[Biology:Pachyarmatherium|Pachyarmatherium]]'', are reported by de Lima & Porpino (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Fábio Cunha Guimarães de Lima |author2=Kleberson de Oliveira Porpino |year=2018 |title=Ectoparasitism and infections in the exoskeletons of large fossil cingulates |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0205656 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0205656 |pmid=30335796 |pmc=6193641 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1305656D |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''[[Biology:Neoglyptatelus|Neoglyptatelus uruguayensis]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Juan C. Fernicola |author2=Andrés Rinderknecht |author3=Washington Jones |author4=Sergio F. Vizcaíno |author5=Kleberson Propino |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Neoglyptatelus'' (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the late Miocene of Uruguay provides new insights on the evolution of the dorsal armor in cingulates |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=233–252 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.02.12.2017.3150 |hdl=11336/96801 |s2cid=133785414 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Fernicola ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
Camacho Formation
|
{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Cingulata|Cingulata]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Pattersonocnus|Pattersonocnus]]''<ref name=Pattersonocnus>{{cite journal |author1=Ascanio D. Rincón |author2=Andrés Solórzano |author3=H. Gregory McDonald |author4=Marisol Montellano-Ballesteros |year=2018 |title=Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=409–421 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1427639 |s2cid=90207481 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Two_new_megalonychid_sloths_Mammalia_Xenarthra_from_the_Urumaco_Formation_late_Miocene_and_their_phylogenetic_affinities/5878015 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rincón ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
[[Earth:Urumaco Formation|Urumaco Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|
A [[Biology:Sloth|sloth]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Megalonychidae|Megalonychidae]]. The type species is ''P. diazgameroi''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Urumacocnus|Urumacocnus]]''<ref name=Pattersonocnus />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rincón ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
[[Earth:Urumaco Formation|Urumaco Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|
A [[Biology:Sloth|sloth]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Megalonychidae|Megalonychidae]]. The type species is ''U. urbanii''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Xibalbaonyx|Xibalbaonyx microcaninus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sarah R. Stinnesbeck |author2=Eberhard Frey |author3=Wolfgang Stinnesbeck |year=2018 |title=New insights on the paleogeographic distribution of the Late Pleistocene ground sloth genus ''Xibalbaonyx'' along the Mesoamerican Corridor |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=85 |pages=108–120 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2018.05.004 |bibcode=2018JSAES..85..108S |s2cid=134541882 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Stinnesbeck, Frey & Stinnesbeck
|
Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A [[Biology:Ground sloth|ground sloth]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Megalonychidae|Megalonychidae]].
|
|-
|}

===Afrotherians===
* A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the elephant shrew ''Chambius kasserinensis'' based on known and newly described fossil remains from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] of Tunisia is published by Tabuce (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rodolphe Tabuce |year=2018 |title=New remains of ''Chambius kasserinensis'' from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria) |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=30 |issue=1–2 |pages=251–266 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1297433 |bibcode=2018HBio...30..251T |s2cid=90821969 }}</ref>
* Description of the anatomy of [[Medicine:Middle ear|middle]] and inner ears of the [[Biology:Golden mole|golden mole]] ''Namachloris arenatans'' from the Palaeogene of Namibia is published by Mason, Bennett & Pickford (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Matthew J. Mason |author2=Nigel C. Bennett |author3=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=The middle and inner ears of the Palaeogene golden mole ''Namachloris'': A comparison with extant species |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=279 |issue=3 |pages=375–395 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20779 |pmid=29205455 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271377 |hdl=2263/64145 |s2cid=46876034 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A revision of sirenian fossils and taxa from the Miocene Chesapeake Group (eastern {{wipe|United States}}) is published by Domning (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Daryl P. Domning |year=2018 |title=Fossil Sirenia (Mammalia) of the Miocene Chesapeake Group, Eastern United States |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume=100 |issue=100 |pages=241–265 |doi=10.5479/si.1943-6688.100 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/The_Geology_and_Vertebrate_Paleontology_of_Calvert_Cliffs_Maryland_USA/9761762 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A method to estimate the body mass of extinct [[Biology:Proboscidea|proboscidea]]ns on the basis of skull remains is presented by Jukar, Lyons & Uhen (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Advait M. Jukar |author2=S. Kathleen Lyons |author3=Mark D. Uhen |year=2018 |title=A cranial correlate of body mass in proboscideans |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=184 |issue=3 |pages=919–931 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx108 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of the cheek teeth displacement mechanism in [[Biology:Elephantiformes|elephantiform]] proboscideans is published by Sanders (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=William J. Sanders |year=2018 |title=Horizontal tooth displacement and premolar occurrence in elephants and other elephantiform proboscideans |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=30 |issue=1–2 |pages=137–156 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1297436 |bibcode=2018HBio...30..137S |s2cid=89904463 }}</ref>
* New fossil material of ''[[Biology:Choerolophodon|Choerolophodon]] corrugatus'' is described from the Dhok Pathan Formation ({{wipe|Pakistan}}) by Abbas ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sayyed Ghyour Abbas |author2=Muhammad Akbar Khan |author3=Muhammad Adeeb Babar |author4=Muhammad Hanif |author5=Muhammad Akhtar |year=2018 |title=New materials of ''Choerolophodon'' (Proboscidea) from Dhok Pathan Formation of Siwaliks, Pakistan |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=295–305 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180103 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201801/t20180103_4928031.html }}</ref>
* [[Biology:Phytolith|Phytolith]]s preserved in the dental calculus of specimens of ''[[Biology:Gomphotherium|Gomphotherium]] connexum'' and ''Gomphotherium steinheimense'' from the Miocene Halamagai Formation (northern Junggar Basin, {{wipe|China}}) are described by Wu ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''G. connexum'' was an obligate browser or a mixed feeder, while ''G.steinheimense'' may have had a more grass-dominated feeding preference, and was the earliest-known proboscidean with a predominantly [[Biology:Grazing|grazing]] habit.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yan Wu |author2=Tao Deng |author3=Yaowu Hu |author4=Jiao Ma |author5=Xinying Zhou |author6=Limi Mao |author7=Hanwen Zhang |author8=Jie Ye |author9=Shi-Qi Wang |year=2018 |title=A grazing ''Gomphotherium'' in Middle Miocene Central Asia, 10 million years prior to the origin of the Elephantidae |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 7640 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-25909-4 |pmid=29769581 |pmc=5956065 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.7640W }}</ref>
* A study on the diet and habitat of ''Notiomastodon platensis'' from Central {{wipe|Chile}} is published by González-Guarda ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Erwin González-Guarda |author2=Alia Petermann-Pichincura |author3=Carlos Tornero |author4=Laura Domingo |author5=Jordi Agustí |author6=Mario Pino |author7=Ana M. Abarzúa |author8=José M. Capriles |author9=Natalia A. Villavicencio |author10=Rafael Labarca |author11=Violeta Tolorza |author12=Paloma Sevilla |author13=Florent Rivals |year=2018 |title=Multiproxy evidence for leaf-browsing and closed habitats in extinct proboscideans (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Central Chile |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=37 |pages=9258–9263 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1804642115 |pmid=30150377 |pmc=6140480 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.9258G |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of the [[Biology:Columbian mammoth|Columbian mammoth]]s, [[Biology:Pygmy mammoth|pygmy mammoth]]s and American [[Biology:Mastodon|mastodon]]s as indicated by [[Medicine:Tooth wear|tooth wear]] is published by Smith & Desantis (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gregory James Smith |author2=Larisa R.G. Desantis |year=2018 |title=Dietary ecology of Pleistocene mammoths and mastodons as inferred from dental microwear textures |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=492 |pages=10–25 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.024 |bibcode=2018PPP...492...10S }}</ref>
* Late Pleistocene proboscidean fossils, including fossils of ''[[Biology:Stegodon|Stegodon]] orientalis'' and the [[Biology:Asian elephant|Asian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus''), are described from the Yangjiawan caves (Jiangxi, {{wipe|China}}) by Tong ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Hao-Wen Tong |author2=Li Deng |author3=Xi Chen |author4=Bei Zhang |author5=Jun Wen |year=2018 |title=Late Pleistocene proboscideans from Yangjiawan caves in Pingxiang of Jiangxi: with discussions on the ''Stegodon orientalis''–''Elephas maximus'' assemblage |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=306–326 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180410 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating the validity of the taxon ''[[Biology:Mammuthus meridionalis|Archidiskodon meridionalis]] gromovi'' is published by Baygusheva & Titov (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=V.S. Baygusheva |author2=V.V. Titov |year=2018 |title=Problems of the taxon ''Archidiskodon meridionalis gromovi'' Garutt et Alexejeva, 1964 validity: diagnosis, stratigraphic spreading and paleoecology |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences |volume=322 |issue=3 |pages=222–240 |url=https://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_322_3/TZ_322_3_Baygusheva_Titov.pdf |doi=10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.3.222 |s2cid=134302682 }}</ref>
* A study on members of the genus ''Archidiskodon'' from the Lower Pleistocene sediments of the South of Western Siberia (Kuznetsk Basin), and their implications for early evolution of the ''Archidiskodon''–''[[Biology:Mammoth|Mammuthus]]'' lineage, is published by Foronova (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=I.V. Foronova |year=2018 |title=Early Quaternary history of the genus ''Archidiskodon'' (Proboscidea, Elephantidae) in Western Siberia: to the question of intermediate links in mammoth lineage |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences |volume=322 |issue=3 |pages=241–258 |url=https://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_322_3/TZ_322_3_Foronova.pdf |doi=10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.3.241 |s2cid=131763340 }}</ref>
* Redescription of [[Biology:Mammuthus meridionalis|the southern mammoth]] remains from the Pleistocene site of Huéscar-1 (Baza basin, Granada, {{wipe|Spain}}), and a study on the implications of these remains for inferring the time and mode of the replacement of the southern mammoth by the [[Biology:Steppe mammoth|steppe mammoth]] by the end of the Early Pleistocene, is published by Ros-Montoya ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sergio Ros-Montoya |author2=Maria Rita Palombo |author3=María Patrocinio Espigares |author4=Paul Palmqvist |author5=Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro |year=2018 |title=The mammoth from the archaeo-paleontological site of Huéscar-1: A tile in the puzzling question of the replacement of ''Mammuthus meridionalis'' by ''Mammuthus trogontherii'' in the late Early Pleistocene of Europe |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=197 |pages=336–351 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.017 |s2cid=135176392 }}</ref>
* A study on permafrost-preserved Siberian [[Biology:Woolly mammoth|woolly mammoth]]s, aiming to measure testosterone in the hair samples of the studied specimens, is published by Koren ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lee Koren |author2=Devorah Matas |author3=Patrícia Pečnerová |author4=Love Dalén |author5=Alexei Tikhonov |author6=M. Thomas P. Gilbert |author7=Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards |author8=Eli Geffen |year=2018 |title=Testosterone in ancient hair from an extinct species |journal=Palaeontology |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=797–802 |doi=10.1111/pala.12391 |bibcode=2018Palgy..61..797K |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the age and origin of the Berelyokh mammoth site in northeast Siberia is published by Lozhkin & Anderson (2018);<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Anatoly V. Lozhkin |author2=Patricia M. Anderson |year=2018 |title=Another perspective on the age and origin of the Berelyokh mammoth site (northeast Siberia) |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=459–477 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.3 |bibcode=2018QuRes..89..459L |s2cid=134501307 }}</ref> the study is subsequently criticized by Pitulko ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vladimir V. Pitulko |author2=Elena Y. Pavlova |author3=Aleksandr E. Basilyan |author4=Pavel A. Nikolskiy |year=2019 |title=Another perspective on the age and origin of the Berelyokh mammoth site—Comment to the paper published by Lozhkin and Anderson, Quaternary Research 89 (2018), 459–477 |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=910–913 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.86 |bibcode=2019QuRes..91..910P |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Anatoly V. Lozhkin |author2=Patricia M. Anderson |year=2019 |title=Another perspective on the age and origin of the Berelyokh mammoth site: response to Pitulko et al. |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=914–915 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.97 |bibcode=2019QuRes..91..914L |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on changes in woolly mammoth range in Europe during [[Physics:Marine isotope stage#Stages|MIS 2]] is published by Nadachowski ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Adam Nadachowski |author2=Grzegorz Lipecki |author3=Mateusz Baca |author4=Michał Żmihorski |author5=Jarosław Wilczyński |year=2018 |title=Impact of climate and humans on the range dynamics of the woolly mammoth (''Mammuthus primigenius'') in Europe during MIS 2 |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=439–456 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.54 |bibcode=2018QuRes..90..439N |s2cid=133934898 }}</ref>
* A study on the life conditions of woolly mammoths from the Upper [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] site Kraków Spadzista ({{wipe|Poland}}) is published by Haynes, Klimowicz & Wojtal (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gary Haynes |author2=Janis Klimowicz |author3=Piotr Wojtal |year=2018 |title=A comparative study of woolly mammoths from the Gravettian site Kraków Spadzista (Poland), based on estimated shoulder heights, demography, and life conditions |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=483–502 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.60 |bibcode=2018QuRes..90..483H |s2cid=134507941 }}</ref>
* A study on changes in the specific niche of the woolly mammoth in the central East European plains shortly before their extinction, as indicated by data on the carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of mammoth bones from the Epigravettian site of Mezhyrich and from contemporaneous and nearby sites of Buzhanka 2, Eliseevichi and Yudinovo, is published by Drucker ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dorothée G. Drucker |author2=Rhiannon E. Stevens |author3=Mietje Germonpré |author4=Mikhail V. Sablin |author5=Stéphane Péan |author6=Hervé Bocherens |year=2018 |title=Collagen stable isotopes provide insights into the end of the mammoth steppe in the central East European plains during the Epigravettian |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=457–469 |doi=10.1017/qua.2018.40 |bibcode=2018QuRes..90..457D |s2cid=133666996 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10060849/ }}</ref>
* An overview of parasite finds in woolly mammoth specimens is published by Serdyuk & Maschenko (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=N.V. Serdyuk |author2=E.N. Maschenko |year=2018 |title=Parasitic diseases of woolly mammoth (''Mammuthus primigenius'' Blumenbach, 1799) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences |volume=322 |issue=3 |pages=306–314 |url=https://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_322_3/TZ_322_3_Serdyuk.pdf |doi=10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.3.306 |s2cid=91968871 }}</ref>
* A study on the importance of mammoths as a source of dietary [[Chemistry:Omega-3 fatty acid|omega-3 fatty acid]]s in [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] societies, as indicated by data on fats from several frozen mammoths found in the permafrost of Siberia, and on the cultural significance of mammoths for hominins, is published by Guil-Guerrero ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=José L. Guil-Guerrero |author2=Alexei Tikhonov |author3=Rebeca P. Ramos-Bueno |author4=Semyon Grigoriev |author5=Albert Protopopov |author6=Grigoryi Savvinov |author7=María J. González-Fernández |year=2018 |title=Mammoth resources for hominins: from omega-3 fatty acids to cultural objects |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=455–463 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3026 |bibcode=2018JQS....33..455G |s2cid=134420138 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolutionary history of the family [[Biology:Elephantidae|Elephantidae]] based on 14 genomes from extant and fossil elephantids and from the American mastodon is published by Palkopoulou ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Eleftheria Palkopoulou |author2=Mark Lipson |author3=Swapan Mallick |author4=Svend Nielsen |author5=Nadin Rohland |author6=Sina Baleka |author7=Emil Karpinski |author8=Atma M. Ivancevic |author9=Thu-Hien To |author10=R. Daniel Kortschak |author11=Joy M. Raison |author12=Zhipeng Qu |author13=Tat-Jun Chin |author14=Kurt W. Alt |author15=Stefan Claesson |author16=Love Dalén |author17=Ross D. E. MacPhee |author18=Harald Meller |author19=Alfred L. Roca |author20=Oliver A. Ryder |author21=David Heiman |author22=Sarah Young |author23=Matthew Breen |author24=Christina Williams |author25=Bronwen L. Aken |author26=Magali Ruffier |author27=Elinor Karlsson |author28=Jeremy Johnson |author29=Federica Di Palma |author30=Jessica Alfoldi |author31=David L. Adelson |author32=Thomas Mailund |author33=Kasper Munch |author34=Kerstin Lindblad-Toh |author35=Michael Hofreiter |author36=Hendrik Poinar |author37=David Reich |year=2018 |title=A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=11 |pages=E2566–E2574 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1720554115 |pmid=29483247 |pmc=5856550 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115E2566P |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus''<ref>{{cite book |author1=George Theodorou |author2=Yiannis Bassiakos |author3=Evangelos Tsakalos |author4=Evyenia Yiannouli |author5=Petros Maniatis |year=2018 |chapter=The use of CT scans and 3D modeling as a powerful tool to assist fossil vertebrate taxonomy |editor1=Marinos Ioannides |editor2=Eleanor Fink |editor3=Raffaella Brumana |editor4=Petros Patias |editor5=Anastasios Doulamis |editor6=João Martins |editor7=Manolis Wallace |title=Digital heritage. Progress in cultural heritage: documentation, preservation, and protection. 7th International Conference, EuroMed 2018, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 29–November 3, 2018, Proceedings, Part I |publisher=[[Company:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |pages=79–89 |isbn=978-3-030-01761-3 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-01762-0_7 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Disputed
|
Theodorou ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
A [[Biology:Insular dwarfism|dwarf]] [[Biology:Endemism|endemic]] middle sized [[Biology:Elephant|elephant]] from the island of Cephalonia. Athanassiou, van der Geer & Lyras (2019) considered this species to be a [[Biology:Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of the [[Biology:Straight-tusked elephant|straight-tusked elephant]] (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus'').<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Athanassios Athanassiou |author2=Alexandra A.E. van der Geer |author3=George A. Lyras |year=2019 |title=Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=218 |pages=306–321 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.028 |bibcode=2019QSRv..218..306A |s2cid=199107354 }}</ref>
|
|-
|
''Promicrogale''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=Tenrecoid mandible from Elisabethfeld (Early Miocene) Namibia |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=18 |pages=87–92 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/5bf_Pickford2018_Tenrecoid%20mandible%20from%20the%20Sperrgebiet.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pickford
|
Early Miocene
| Elisabeth Bay Formation
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
A [[Biology:Tenrec|tenrec]]. The type species is ''P. namibiensis''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Sobrarbesiren|Sobrarbesiren]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ester Díaz-Berenguer |author2=Ainara Badiola |author3=Miguel Moreno-Azanza |author4=José Ignacio Canudo |year=2018 |title=First adequately-known quadrupedal sirenian from Eurasia (Eocene, Bay of Biscay, Huesca, northeastern Spain) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 5127 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-23355-w |pmid=29572454 |pmc=5865116 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.5127D }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Díaz-Berenguer ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Lutetian|Lutetian]])
|
Sobrarbe Formation
|
{{Flag|Spain}}
|
A [[Biology:Sirenia|sirenia]]n of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''S. cardieli''.
|
[[File:Sobrarbesiren skeletal.png|thumb|center]]
|-
|
''Stylolophus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Emmanuel Gheerbrant |author2=Arnaud Schmitt |author3=László Kocsis |year=2018 |title=Early African fossils elucidate the origin of embrithopod mammals |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=13 |pages=2167–2173.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.032 |pmid=30008332 |s2cid=51627140 |url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01845698/document |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gheerbrant, Schmitt & Kocsis
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]])
|
Ouled Abdoun Basin
|
{{Flag|Morocco}}
|
An early member of [[Biology:Embrithopoda|Embrithopoda]]. The type species is ''S. minor''.
|
|-
|}

===Bats===
* A review of the distribution of [[Biology:Sesamoid bone|sesamoids]] in extant bats, as well as in [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] bats ''[[Biology:Onychonycteris|Onychonycteris]] finneyi'' and ''[[Biology:Icaronycteris|Icaronycteris]] index'', is published by Amador ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lucila Inés Amador |author2=Norberto Pedro Giannini |author3=Nancy B. Simmons |author4=Virginia Abdala |year=2018 |title=Morphology and evolution of sesamoid elements in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3905 |pages=1–40 |doi=10.1206/3905.1 |hdl=2246/6905 |s2cid=91375855 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogeny of extant and fossil short-faced bats ([[Biology:Leaf-nosed bat|leaf-nosed bat]]s belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Stenodermatinae|Stenodermatinae]] and the subtribe Stenodermatina) and on the ancestral distributions of the group, evaluating whether this group was more likely to originate on Antilles or on the American mainland, is published by Tavares ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Valéria da C. Tavares |author2=Omar M. Warsi |author3=Fernando Balseiro |author4=Carlos A. Mancina |author5=Liliana M. Dávalos |year=2018 |title=Out of the Antilles: Fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization of bats to South America |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=859–873 |doi=10.1111/jbi.13175 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018JBiog..45..859T }}</ref>
* An exceptionally preserved adult specimen of [[Biology:Egyptian fruit bat|Egyptian fruit bat]], morphologically more similar to Egyptian than to East African or Middle Eastern populations, is described from the early [[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]] deposits in Hoq Cave (Socotra Island, Yemen) by Van Damme ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kay Van Damme |author2=Petr Benda |author3=Dirk Van Damme |author4=Peter De Geest |author5=Irka Hajdas |year=2018 |title=The first vertebrate fossil from Socotra Island (Yemen) is an early Holocene Egyptian fruit bat |journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=52 |issue=31–32 |pages=2001–2024 |doi=10.1080/00222933.2018.1510996 |bibcode=2018JNatH..52.2001V |s2cid=92040903 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Anatolianycteris''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Matthew F. Jones |author2=Pauline M. C. Coster |author3=Alexis Licht |author4=Grégoire Métais |author5=Faruk Ocakoğlu |author6=Michael H. Taylor |author7=K. Christopher Beard |year=2018 |title=A stem bat (Chiroptera: Palaeochiropterygidae) from the late middle Eocene of northern Anatolia: implications for the dispersal and palaeobiology of early bats |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=261–269 |doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0338-z |s2cid=135184030 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Jones ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] (late [[Earth:Lutetian|Lutetian]])
|
Uzunçarşidere Formation
|
{{Flag|Turkey}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Palaeochiropterygidae|Palaeochiropterygidae]]. The type species is ''A. insularis''.
|
|-
|
''Mops kerio''<ref name=Turkanycteris>{{Cite journal|author1=Gregg F. Gunnell |author2=Fredrick K. Manthi |year=2020 |title=Pliocene bats (Chiroptera) from Kanapoi, Turkana Basin, Kenya |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=140 |pages=Article 102440 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.01.001 |pmid=29628118 |s2cid=206143059 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gunnell & Manthi
|
Pliocene
|
Kanapoi site
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Mops (bat)|Mops]]''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Mops turkwellensis''<ref name=Turkanycteris />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gunnell & Manthi
|
Pliocene
|
Kanapoi site
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Mops (bat)|Mops]]''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Pteronotus trevorjacksoni''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lars W. Van Den Hoek Ostende |author2=Delia Van Oijen |author3=Stephen K. Donovan |year=2018 |title=A new bat record for the late Pleistocene of Jamaica: ''Pteronotus trevorjacksoni'' from the Red Hills Road Cave |journal=Caribbean Journal of Earth Science |volume=50 |pages=31–35 |url=http://caribjes.com/CJESpdf/CJES50-5-BatPaper.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van Den Hoek Ostende, Van Oijen & Donovan
|
Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Jamaica}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Pteronotus|Pteronotus]]''.
|
|-
|
''Rousettus pattersoni''<ref name=Turkanycteris />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gunnell & Manthi
|
Pliocene
|
Kanapoi site
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Rousettus|Rousettus]]''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Saccolaimus kenyensis''<ref name=Turkanycteris />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gunnell & Manthi
|
Pliocene
|
Kanapoi site
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Saccolaimus|Saccolaimus]]''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Turkanycteris''<ref name=Turkanycteris />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gunnell & Manthi
|
Pliocene
|
Kanapoi site
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A very large [[Biology:Megabat|fruit bat]], larger than all extant fruit bats other than some species of ''[[Biology:Pteropus|Pteropus]]'' and ''Hypsignathus''. Genus includes new species ''T. harrisi''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Vulcanops|Vulcanops]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Suzanne J. Hand |author2=Robin M. D. Beck |author3=Michael Archer |author4=Nancy B. Simmons |author5=Gregg F. Gunnell |author6=R. Paul Scofield |author7=Alan J. D. Tennyson |author8=Vanesa L. De Pietri |author9=Steven W. Salisbury |author10=Trevor H. Worthy |year=2018 |title=A new, large-bodied omnivorous bat (Noctilionoidea: Mystacinidae) reveals lost morphological and ecological diversity since the Miocene in New Zealand |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 235 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-18403-w |pmid=29321543 |pmc=5762892 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8..235H }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Hand ''et al.''
|
Early Miocene
|
Bannockburn Formation
|
{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|
A [[Biology:Mystacinidae|New Zealand short-tailed bat]]. The type species is ''V. jennyworthyae''.
|
|-
|}

===Odd-toed ungulates===
* A study on the temporal and spatial distribution of [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]] odd-toed ungulate species from the Erlian Basin ({{wipe|China}}) is published by Bai ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Bin Bai |author2=Yuan-Qing Wang |author3=Qian Li |author4=Hai-Bing Wang |author5=Fang-Yuan Mao |author6=Yan-Xin Gong |author7=Jin Meng |year=2018 |title=Biostratigraphy and diversity of Paleogene perissodactyls from the Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3914 |pages=1–60 |doi=10.1206/3914.1 |hdl=2246/6918 |s2cid=85524924 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/156752 }}</ref>
* Tooth anomalies in two juvenile specimens of the Miocene rhinoceros ''Prosantorhinus germanicus'' are described by Böhmer & Rössner (2018), who discuss probable causes of these anomalies.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christine Böhmer |author2=Gertrud E. Rössner |year=2018 |title=Dental paleopathology in fossil rhinoceroses: etiology and implications |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=304 |issue=1 |pages=3–12 |doi=10.1111/jzo.12518 }}</ref>
* A jaw of ''Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis'' is described from the Mus Khaya locality on the Yana River in the [[Biography:Sakha Republic|Sakha Republic]] ({{wipe|Russia}}) by Shpansky & Boeskorov (2018), representing the northernmost occurrence of this species; the authors also interpret ''Coelodonta jacuticus'' as the [[Biology:Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of the [[Biology:Woolly rhinoceros|woolly rhinoceros]] (''Coelodonta antiquitatis'').<ref>{{cite journal |author1=A. V. Shpansky |author2=G. G. Boeskorov |year=2018 |title=Northernmost record of the Merck's rhinoceros ''Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis'' (Jäger) and taxonomic status of ''Coelodonta jacuticus'' Russanov (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=445–462 |doi=10.1134/S003103011804010X |s2cid=91447285 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of the postcranial skeleton of ''Teleolophus'', based on new remains from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] of {{wipe|China}}, is published by Bai, Wang & Meng (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bin Bai |author2=Yuan-Qing Wang |author3=Jin Meng |year=2018 |title=Postcranial morphology of Middle Eocene deperetellid ''Teleolophus'' (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from Shara Murun region of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=193–215 |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201712/t20171214_4916103.html |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.171214 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of the Miocene rhinoceros ''Diceros gansuensis'', as indicated by data from [[Chemistry:Starch|starch]] granules found in dental calculus of a specimen from the Miocene Linxia Basin (Gansu, {{wipe|China}}), is published by Chen ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=He Chen |author2=Shi-Qi Wang |author3=Da-Wei Tao |author4=Xiu-Min Xia |author5=Shan-Qin Chen |author6=Yan Wu |year=2018 |title=Implications for Late Miocene diet from ''Diceros gansuensis'': starch granules in tooth calculus |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=343–353 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.171124 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
* New fossil material of ''Elasmotherium peii'' is described from the Lower Pleistocene of the Shanshenmiaozui site (Nihewan Basin, {{wipe|China}}) by Tong, Chen & Zhang (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Hao‑wen Tong |author2=Xi Chen |author3=Bei Zhang |year=2018 |title=New postcranial bones of ''Elasmotherium peii'' from Shanshenmiaozui in Nihewan basin, Northern China |journal=Quaternaire |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>
* A study on the digit reduction in the evolution of horses is published by Solounias ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Nikos Solounias |author2=Melinda Danowitz |author3=Elizabeth Stachtiaris |author4=Abhilasha Khurana |author5=Marwan Araim |author6=Marc Sayegh |author7=Jessica Natale |year=2018 |title=The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=171782 |doi=10.1098/rsos.171782 |pmid=29410871 |pmc=5792948 }}</ref>
* A study testing for the presence of broad-scale habitat partitioning in fossil horses of North America is published by Parker, McHorse & Pierce (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Abigail K. Parker |author2=Brianna K. McHorse |author3=Stephanie E. Pierce |year=2018 |title=Niche modeling reveals lack of broad-scale habitat partitioning in extinct horses of North America |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=511 |pages=103–118 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.017 |bibcode=2018PPP...511..103P |s2cid=134625553 }}</ref>
* A revised diagnosis and a description of the anatomy of the Miocene [[Biology:Hipparionini|hipparionine]] species ''[[Biology:Sivalhippus|Sivalhippus]] ptychodus'' and ''S. platyodus'' from {{wipe|China}} is published by Sun ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Boyang Sun |author2=Xiaoxiao Zhang |author3=Yan Liu |author4=Raymond L. Bernor |year=2018 |title=''Sivalhippus ptychodus'' and ''Sivalhippus platyodus'' (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.13130/2039-4942/9523 }}</ref>
* A study on the ontogeny (mineralization, eruption, and replacement patterns) of postcanine teeth of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Hipparion|Hipparion]]'' from [[Biology:Cerro de los Batallones|Cerro de los Batallones]] ({{wipe|Spain}}) is published by Domingo ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=M. Soledad Domingo |author2=Enrique Cantero |author3=Isabel García-Real |author4=Manuel J. Chamorro Sancho |author5=David M. Martín Perea |author6=M. Teresa Alberdi |author7=Jorge Morales |year=2018 |title=First radiological study of a complete dental ontogeny sequence of an extinct equid: implications for Equidae life history and taphonomy |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 8507 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-26817-3 |pmid=29855587 |pmc=5981301 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.8507D }}</ref>
* A study on the bone growth pattern of different-sized hipparionins as indicated by bone [[Biology:Histology|histology]], and on its implications for inferring the possible mechanisms and causes underlying trends in size reduction of European hipparions in the late Miocene, is published by Orlandi-Oliveras ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Guillem Orlandi-Oliveras |author2=Carmen Nacarino-Meneses |author3=George D. Koufos |author4=Meike Köhler |year=2018 |title=Bone histology provides insights into the life history mechanisms underlying dwarfing in hipparionins |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 17203 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35347-x |pmid=30464210 |pmc=6249282 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817203O }}</ref>
* Review of fossils of members of the family [[Biology:Equidae|Equidae]] from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] site of lac Karâr (Algeria) is published by Sam (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Youcef Sam |year=2018 |title=Révision des Équidés (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du site pléistocène moyen du lac Karâr (Tlemcen, Algérie) |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=171–182 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a8 |s2cid=134498731 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/8 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet and habitat of Pleistocene members of the genera ''[[Biology:Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' and ''[[Biology:Hippidion|Hippidion]]'' from southern United States, Mexico and South America, as indicated by carbon and oxygen isotopic data, is published by Pérez-Crespo ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Víctor Adrián Pérez-Crespo |author2=José Luis Prado |author3=Maria Teresa Alberdi |author4=Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales |year=2018 |title=Stable isotopes and diets of Pleistocene horses from southern North America and South America: similarities and differences |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=663–674 |doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0330-7 |bibcode=2018PdPe...98..663P |s2cid=134904831 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating how the geographic distribution of horses changed through time in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, based on paleontological and archeological horse finds across the whole of Eurasia evaluated in association with paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Late Quaternary, is published by Leonardi ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Michela Leonardi |author2=Francesco Boschin |author3=Konstantinos Giampoudakis |author4=Robert M. Beyer |author5=Mario Krapp |author6=Robin Bendrey |author7=Robert Sommer |author8=Paolo Boscato |author9=Andrea Manica |author10=David Nogues-Bravo |author11=Ludovic Orlando |year=2018 |title=Late Quaternary horses in Eurasia in the face of climate and vegetation change |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=eaar5589 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar5589 |pmid=30050986 |pmc=6059734 |bibcode= 2018SciA....4.5589L}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Ardynia ordosensis''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bin Bai |author2=Yuan-Qing Wang |author3=Zhao-Qun Zhang |year=2018 |title=The late Eocene hyracodontid perissodactyl ''Ardynia'' from Saint Jacques, Inner Mongolia, China and its implications for the potential Eocene-Oligocene boundary |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=247–257 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2017.09.001 |s2cid=134244589 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Bai, Wang & Zhang
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Hyracodontidae|Hyracodontidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Chilotherium|Chilotherium licenti]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dan-Hui Sun |author2=Yu Li |author3=Tao Deng |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Chilotherium'' (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of Qingyang, Gansu, China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=216–228 |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201801/t20180109_4930062.html |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180109 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Sun, Li & Deng
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
|
|-
|
''Danjiangia lambdodon''<ref name=Erihippus>{{cite journal |author1=Bin Bai |author2=Yuan-Qing Wang |author3=Jin Meng |year=2018 |title=The divergence and dispersal of early perissodactyls as evidenced by early Eocene equids from Asia |journal=Communications Biology |volume=1 |pages=Article number 115 |doi=10.1038/s42003-018-0116-5 |pmid=30271995 |pmc=6123789 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
|
Bai, Wang & Meng
|
Earliest [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Hengyang Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Brontotheriidae|Brontotheriidae]].
|
|-
|
''Epimanteoceras mae''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Shuo Li |year=2018 |title=A new species of Brontotheriidae from the Middle Eocene of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=25–44 |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201703/t20170314_4758692.html |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.170314 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Li
|
Eocene ([[Earth:Irdinmanhan|Irdinmanhan]])
|
Üqbulak Formation
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Brontotheriidae|Brontotheriidae]].
|
|-
|
''Erihippus''<ref name=Erihippus />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
|
Bai, Wang & Meng
|
Earliest [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Lingcha Formation
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Equidae|Equidae]]. The type species is ''E. tingae''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Forstercooperia|Forstercooperia ulanshirehensis]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hai-Bing Wang |author2=Bin Bai |author3=Jin Meng |author4=Yuan-Qing Wang |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Forstercooperia'' (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from northern China with a systematic revision of forstercooperiines |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3897 |pages=1–41 |doi=10.1206/3897.1 |hdl=2246/6854 |s2cid=53067383 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/156709 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wang ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Irdin Manha Formation<br>
Ulan Shireh Formation
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
|
|-
|
''Hispanotherium wushanense''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bo-Yang Sun |author2=Xiu-Xi Wang |author3=Min-Xiao Ji |author4=Li-Bo Pang |author5=Qin-Qin Shi |author6=Su-Kuan Hou |author7=Dan-Hui Sun |author8=Shi-Qi Wang |year=2018 |title=Miocene mammalian faunas from Wushan, China and their evolutionary, biochronological, and biogeographic significances |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=258–270 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2017.08.001 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Sun ''et al.''
|
Miocene
|
Wushan Subbasin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
|
|-
|
''Maobrontops''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alexander Averianov |author2=Igor Danilov |author3=Wen Chen |author4=Jianhua Jin |year=2018 |title=A new brontothere from the Eocene of South China |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.4202/app.00431.2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Averianov ''et al.''
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Youganwo Formation
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Brontotheriidae|Brontotheriidae]]. The type species is ''M. paganus''.
|
|-
|
''Sellamynodon''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jérémy Tissier |author2=Damien Becker |author3=Vlad Codrea |author4=Loïc Costeur |author5=Cristina Fărcaş |author6=Alexandru Solomon |author7=Marton Venczel |author8=Olivier Maridet |year=2018 |title=New data on Amynodontidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Eastern Europe: Phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographic implications around the Eocene-Oligocene transition |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=e0193774 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0193774 |pmid=29668673 |pmc=5905962 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1393774T |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Tissier ''et al.''
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] or Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Romania}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Amynodontidae|Amynodontidae]]. The type species is ''"[[Biology:Cadurcodon|Cadurcodon]]" zimborensis'' Codrea & Şuraru (1989).
|
|-
|
''Shanxihippus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Raymond L. Bernor |author2=Shiqi Wang |author3=Yan Liu |author4=Yu Chen |author5=Boyang Sun |year=2018 |title=''Shanxihippus dermatorhinus'' comb. nov. with comparisons to old world hipparions with specialized nasal apparati |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.13130/2039-4942/10202 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Bernor ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Equidae|Equidae]] belonging to the tribe [[Biology:Hipparionini|Hipparionini]]. The type species is ''"[[Biology:Hipparion|Hipparion]]" dermatorhinum'' Sefve (1927).
|
|-
|}

===Even-toed ungulates===
* A study evaluating whether tooth measurements of the kind typically used in the systematics of [[Biology:Merycoidodontoidea|Merycoidodontoidea]] can diagnose between related, similarly sized [[Biology:Even-toed ungulate|even-toed ungulate]]s is published by Emery-Wetherell & Davis (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Meaghan M. Emery-Wetherell |author2=Edward Byrd Davis |year=2018 |title=Dental measurements do not diagnose modern artiodactyl species: Implications for the systematics of Merycoidodontoidea |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.23A |doi=10.26879/748 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of the fossil material of the camel species ''[[Biology:Camelus thomasi|Camelus thomasi]]'' from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] locality of Tighennif (Algeria) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Martini & Geraads (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Pietro Martini |author2=Denis Geraads |year=2018 |title=''Camelus thomasi'' Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern ''Camelus'' |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=115–134 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a5 |s2cid=133952148 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/5 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of extinct peccaries in Florida from the late Miocene throughout the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]], as indicated by tooth microwear and stable carbon isotopes, is published by Bradham ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jennifer L. Bradham |author2=Larisa R.G. DeSantis |author3=Maria Luisa S.P. Jorge |author4=Alexine Keuroghlian |year=2018 |title=Dietary variability of extinct tayassuids and modern white-lipped peccaries (''Tayassu pecari'') as inferred from dental microwear and stable isotope analysis |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=499 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.020 |bibcode=2018PPP...499...93B |s2cid=134099913 }}</ref>
* Fossils of the peccaries ''[[Biology:Mylohyus|Mylohyus]] elmorei'' and ''[[Biology:Prosthennops|Prosthennops]] serus'' are described from the Gray Fossil Site ({{wipe|Tennessee}}, {{wipe|United States}}) by Doughty ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first occurrence of these species from the Appalachians reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Evan M. Doughty |author2=Steven C. Wallace |author3=Blaine W. Schubert |author4=Lauren M. Lyon |year=2018 |title=First occurrence of the enigmatic peccaries ''Mylohyus elmorei'' and ''Prosthennops serus'' from the Appalachians: latest Hemphillian to Early Blancan of Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5926 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5926 |pmid=30533292 |pmc=6276594 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Partial skull of a suid assigned to the genus ''[[Biology:Metridiochoerus|Metridiochoerus]]'' is described from the [[Earth:Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|Malapa Fossil Site]] (South Africa) by Lazagabaster ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ignacio A. Lazagabaster |author2=Juliet Brophy |author3=Oscar Sanisidro |author4=Silvia Pineda-Munoz |author5=Lee Berger |year=2018 |title=A new partial cranium of ''Metridiochoerus'' (Suidae, Mammalia) from Malapa, South Africa |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=145 |pages=49–52 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.05.005 |bibcode=2018JAfES.145...49L |s2cid=135440980 }}</ref>
* Description of a new mandible of ''Sus strozzii'' from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (central Italy), as well as a study on the phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil Eurasian and African members of [[Biology:Suinae|Suinae]], is published by Cherin ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Marco Cherin |author2=Leonardo Sorbelli |author3=Marco Crotti |author4=Dawid A. Iurino |author5=Raffaele Sardella |author6=Antoine Souron |year=2018 |title=New material of ''Sus strozzii'' (Suidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pleistocene of Italy and a phylogenetic analysis of suines |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=194 |pages=94–115 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.029 |bibcode=2018QSRv..194...94C |s2cid=134212868 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of hypsodonty in [[Biology:Ruminantia|ruminants]] as indicated by phylogeny of ruminants, estimated ancestral ruminant diets and habitats, and fossil record of grasslands is published by Toljagić ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Olja Toljagić |author2=Kjetil L. Voje |author3=Michael Matschiner |author4=Lee Hsiang Liow |author5=Thomas F. Hansen |year=2018 |title=Millions of years behind: Slow adaptation of ruminants to grasslands |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=145–157 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syx059 |pmid=28637223 |s2cid=205327041 |doi-access=free |hdl=10852/62159 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study comparing the exclusivity and magnitude of changes in diversification rates during the evolution of ruminants and other lineages of [[Biology:Placentalia|placental]] mammals is published by Rossi, Mello & Schrago (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mariana F. Rossi |author2=Beatriz Mello |author3=Carlos G. Schrago |year=2018 |title=Comparative evaluation of macroevolutionary regimes of Ruminantia and selected mammalian lineages |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=123 |issue=4 |pages=814–824 |doi=10.1093/biolinnean/bly009 }}</ref>
* Fossils of the [[Biology:Chevrotain|chevrotain]] ''[[Biology:Dorcatherium|Dorcatherium]] crassum'', including a skull and teeth remains, are described from the Miocene ([[Earth:Langhian|Langhian]]) of the Faluns Auger quarry (Contres, {{wipe|France}}) by Mennecart ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Bastien Mennecart |author2=Adrien de Perthuis |author3=Gertrud E. Rössner |author4=Jonathan A. Guzmán |author5=Aude de Perthuis |author6=Loïc Costeur |year=2018 |title=The first French tragulid skull (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Tragulidae) and associated tragulid remains from the Middle Miocene of Contres (Loir-et-Cher, France) |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=189–200 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.08.004 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..189M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Croitor, Sanz & Daura (2018) report the findings from a [[Biology:Morphology|morphological]] and demographic analysis of remains of the endemic deer ''[[Biology:Haploidoceros|Haploidoceros]] mediterraneus'' from the Late Pleistocene of the Cova del Rinoceront ({{wipe|Spain}}).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Roman Croitor |author2=Montserrat Sanz |author3=Joan Daura |year=2018 |title=The endemic deer ''Haploidoceros mediterraneus'' (Bonifay) (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Late Pleistocene of Cova del Rinoceront (Iberian Peninsula): origin, ecomorphology, and paleobiology |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=409–427 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1499018 |s2cid=92318533 }}</ref>
* A study on the feeding habits of ''[[Biology:Morenelaphus|Morenelaphus]]'' as indicated by [[Biology:Tooth enamel|tooth enamel]] microwear is published by Rotti ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alline Rotti |author2=Dimila Mothé |author3=Leonardo dos Santos Avilla |author4=Gina M. Semprebon |year=2018 |title=Diet reconstruction for an extinct deer (Cervidae: Cetartiodactyla) from the Quaternary of South America |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=497 |pages=244–252 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.026 |bibcode=2018PPP...497..244R }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary plasticity of specimens of ''[[Biology:Eucladoceros|Eucladoceros]] ctenoides'' from eight middle and late Villafranchian localities in Europe, as indicated by tooth microwear, is published by Berlioz ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Émilie Berlioz |author2=Dimitris S. Kostopoulos |author3=Cécile Blondel |author4=Gildas Merceron |year=2018 |title=Feeding ecology of ''Eucladoceros ctenoides'' as a proxy to track regional environmental variations in Europe during the early Pleistocene |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=4–5 |pages=320–332 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.07.002 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..320B |doi-access=free |hdl=10902/29373 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* Antler remains of the [[Biology:Elk|wapiti]] (''Cervus canadensis'') are described from the Late [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] site of Climăuți II (Moldova) by Croitor & Obada (2018), confirming the presence of wapiti in the Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of western Eurasia.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Roman Croitor |author2=Theodor Obada |year=2018 |title=On the presence of Late Pleistocene wapiti, ''Cervus canadensis'' Erxleben, 1777 (Cervidae, Mammalia) in the Palaeolithic site Climăuți II (Moldova) |journal=Contributions to Zoology |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |url=http://www.contributionstozoology.nl/vol87/nr01/a01 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08701001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Pfeiffer-Deml (2018) raises fossil fallow deer ''Dama dama geiselana'' to the rank of a separate species ''Dama geiselana'', and compares its antler and skeletal characteristics with other fossil and recent [[Biology:Fallow deer|fallow deer]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thekla Pfeiffer-Deml |year=2018 |title=The fossil fallow deer ''Dama geiselana'' (Cervidae, Mammalia, upgrade to species level) in the context of migration and local extinctions of fallow deer in the Late and Middle Pleistocene in Europe |journal=PalZ |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=681–713 |doi=10.1007/s12542-018-0417-5 |bibcode=2018PalZ...92..681P |s2cid=134410898 }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of the [[Biology:Irish elk|Irish elk]] (''Megaloceros giganteus''), as indicated by data from [[Biology:Chewing|masticated]] plant remains preserved in deep folds of a molar found in sandy deposits of the North Sea, is published by van Geel ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=B. van Geel |author2=J. Sevink |author3=D. Mol |author4=B. W. Langeveld |author5=R. W. J. M. van der Ham |author6=C. J. M. van der Kraan |author7=J. van der Plicht |author8=J. S. Haile |author9=A. Rey-Iglesia |author10=E. D. Lorenzen |year=2018 |title=Giant deer (''Megaloceros giganteus'') diet from Mid-Weichselian deposits under the present North Sea inferred from molar-embedded botanical remains |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=924–933 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3069 |bibcode=2018JQS....33..924V |s2cid=134292692 |url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/80665488/Geel_et_al_2018_Journal_of_Quaternary_Science.pdf }}</ref>
* Description of new fossils of ''[[Biology:Propalaeoryx|Propalaeoryx]] stromeri'' from the Miocene of Namibia, redescription of the skull anatomy of ''Propalaeoryx'' and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon is published by Sánchez ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Israel M. Sánchez |author2=Jorge Morales |author3=Juan López Cantalapiedra |author4=Victoria Quiralte |author5=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=''Propalaeoryx'' Stromer 1926 (Ruminantia, Pecora, Giraffomorpha) revisited: systematics and phylogeny of an African palaeomerycoid |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=19 |pages=123–131 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/e11_GSN%20Comms%2019.%209.%20Sanchez%20et%20al%20Propalaeoryx%20new.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary preferences of extant and fossil members of the family [[Biology:Giraffidae|Giraffidae]] as indicated by teeth microwear is published by Merceron, Colyn & Geraads (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Gildas Merceron |author2=Marc Colyn |author3=Denis Geraads |year=2018 |title=Browsing and non-browsing extant and extinct giraffids: Evidence from dental microwear textural analysis |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=505 |pages=128–139 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.036 |bibcode=2018PPP...505..128M |s2cid=73647428 |url=https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01834854/file/Merceron_Browsing%20and%20non-browsing.pdf }}</ref>
* [[Biology:Giraffe|Giraffe]] tracks are described from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] Waenhuiskrans Formation (Bredasdorp Group, {{wipe|South Africa}}) by Helm ''et al.'' (2018), increasing known historical range of giraffes.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Charles Helm |author2=Hayley Cawthra |author3=Richard Cowling |author4=Jan De Vynck |author5=Curtis Marean |author6=Richard McCrea |author7=Renee Rust |year=2018 |title=Palaeoecology of giraffe tracks in Late Pleistocene aeolianites on the Cape south coast |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=114 |issue=1/2 |pages=67–74 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2018/20170266 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet and habitat of ''[[Biology:Leptomeryx|Leptomeryx]]'' from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Uintan|Uintan]]) Yolomécatl Formation (Mexico) as indicated by [[Biology:Tooth enamel|tooth enamel]] carbon and oxygen isotopic relationships will be published by Ferrusquía-Villafranca ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ismael Ferrusquía-Villafranca |author2=Víctor Adrián Pérez-Crespo |author3=José E. Ruiz-González |author4=Enrique Martínez-Hernández |author5=Pedro Morales-Puente |year=2018 |title=The diet of ''Leptomeryx'' sp. from the Late Eocene Yolomécatl Formation, NW Oaxaca, Sierra Madre del Sur Morphotectonic Province, SE México and its palaeoecological significance |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=203–208 |doi=10.1017/S0016756817000747 |bibcode=2018GeoM..155..203F |s2cid=134925122 }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary preferences of members of the tribe [[Biology:Tragelaphini|Tragelaphini]] from the Plio-Pleistocene [[Earth:Shungura Formation|Shungura Formation]] (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia) as indicated by their tooth wear is published by Blondel ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Cécile Blondel |author2=John Rowan |author3=Gildas Merceron |author4=Faysal Bibi |author5=Enquye Negash |author6=W. Andrew Barr |author7=Jean-Renaud Boisserie |year=2018 |title=Feeding ecology of Tragelaphini (Bovidae) from the Shungura Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia: Contribution of dental wear analyses |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=496 |pages=103–120 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.027 |bibcode=2018PPP...496..103B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of the late Miocene [[Biology:Gazelle|gazelle]] fossils from the Qingyang area (Gansu, {{wipe|China}}), and a review of the taxonomy of gazelle species known from this area, is published by Li ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Yikun Li |author2=Qinqin Shi |author3=Shaokun Chen |author4=Tao Deng |year=2018 |title=''"Gazella"'' (Mammalia: Bovidae) from the late Miocene Qingyang area, Gansu, China |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.24A |doi=10.26879/838 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary ecology of ''[[Biology:Antidorcas bondi|Antidorcas bondi]]'' (an extinct relative of the [[Biology:Springbok|springbok]]) is published by Ecker & Lee-Thorp (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Michaela Ecker |author2=Julia A. Lee-Thorp |year=2018 |title=The dietary ecology of the extinct springbok ''Antidorcas bondi'' |journal=Quaternary International |volume=495 |pages=136–143 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2018.09.012 |bibcode=2018QuInt.495..136E |s2cid=134723289 }}</ref>
* A study on the impact of climate changes on the evolution of body size of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Bison|Bison]]'' based on the data from extant and fossil bisons is published by Martin, Mead & Barboza (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jeff M. Martin |author2=Jim I. Mead |author3=Perry S. Barboza |year=2018 |title=Bison body size and climate change |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=4564–4574 |doi=10.1002/ece3.4019 |pmid=29760897 |pmc=5938452 |bibcode=2018EcoEv...8.4564M }}</ref>
* A study on the dietary preference and habitat use of three Mexican samples of ''[[Biology:Bison antiquus|Bison antiquus]]'', as indicated by tooth wear, is published by Díaz-Sibaja ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Roberto Díaz-Sibaja |author2=Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo |author3=Javier Ponce-Saavedra |author4=María Luisa García-Zepeda |year=2018 |title=A combined mesowear analysis of Mexican ''Bison antiquus'' shows a generalist diet with geographical variation |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=1130–1139 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.19 |bibcode=2018JPal...92.1130D |s2cid=134956451 }}</ref>
* A study on mandibular shape variation in extant [[Biology:Bovidae|bovids]] with different feeding preferences, and on its implications for inferring dietary adaptations of fossil bovids from the Upper Laetolil Beds and Upper Ndolanya Beds of Laetoli (Tanzania) and the degree of vegetation cover at Laetoli during early hominin occupation, is published by Forrest, Plummer & Raaum (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Frances L. Forrest |author2=Thomas W. Plummer |author3=Ryan L. Raaum |year=2018 |title=Ecomorphological analysis of bovid mandibles from Laetoli Tanzania using 3D geometric morphometrics: Implications for hominin paleoenvironmental reconstruction |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=114 |pages=20–34 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.010 |pmid=29447759 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study evaluating when the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia) gained its modern shape and size, and determining the timings of diversification of the three largest endemic mammals on the island (the [[Biology:Babirusa|babirusa]], the Celebes warty pig and the [[Biology:Anoa|anoa]]) is published by Frantz ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Laurent A. F. Frantz |author2=Anna Rudzinski |author3=Abang Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha |author4=Allowen Evin |author5=James Burton |author6=Ardern Hulme-Beaman |author7=Anna Linderholm |author8=Ross Barnett |author9=Rodrigo Vega |author10=Evan K. Irving-Pease |author11=James Haile |author12=Richard Allen |author13=Kristin Leus |author14=Jill Shephard |author15=Mia Hillyer |author16=Sarah Gillemot |author17=Jeroen van den Hurk |author18=Sharron Ogle |author19=Cristina Atofanei |author20=Mark G. Thomas |author21=Friederike Johansson |author22=Abdul Haris Mustari |author23=John Williams |author24=Kusdiantoro Mohamad |author25=Chandramaya Siska Damayanti |author26=Ita Djuwita Wiryadi |author27=Dagmar Obbles |author28=Stephano Mona |author29=Hally Day |author30=Muhammad Yasin |author31=Stefan Meker |author32=Jimmy A. McGuire |author33=Ben J. Evans |author34=Thomas von Rintelen |author35=Simon Y. W. Ho |author36=Jeremy B. Searle |author37=Andrew C. Kitchener |author38=Alastair A. Macdonald |author39=Darren J. Shaw |author40=Robert Hall |author41=Peter Galbusera |author42=Greger Larson |year=2018 |title=Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1876 |pages=20172566 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2566 |pmid=29643207 |pmc=5904307 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Aumelasia sudrei''<ref name=Rouzilemur />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Erfurt ''in'' Godinot ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Dichobunidae|Dichobunidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Bachitherium|Bachitherium thraciensis]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bastien Mennecart |author2=Denis Geraads |author3=Nikolai Spassov |author4=Ivan Zagorchev |year=2018 |title=Discovery of the oldest European ruminant in the latest Eocene of Bulgaria: Did tectonics influence the diachronic development of the Grande Coupure? |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=498 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.011 |bibcode=2018PPP...498....1M |s2cid=134845249 |url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02470733/file/Mennecart%26al_Bachitherium.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Mennecart ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] (latest [[Earth:Bartonian|Bartonian]] or early [[Earth:Priabonian|Priabonian]])
|
|
{{Flag|Bulgaria}}<br>
{{Flag|Serbia}}?<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bastien Mennecart |author2=Predrag Radović |author3=Zoran Marković |year=2018 |title=New data on the earliest European ruminant (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): A revision of the fossil mandible from Rusce in the Pčinja basin (late Eocene, Southeastern Serbia) |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=Article number 21.3.38 |doi=10.26879/883 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
An early [[Biology:Ruminantia|ruminant]] belonging to the group [[Biology:Tragulina|Tragulina]] and the family [[Biology:Bachitheriidae|Bachitheriidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Candiacervus|Candiacervus devosi]]''<ref name=PECandiacervus>{{cite journal |author=Alexandra A.E. van der Geer |year=2018 |title=Uniformity in variety: Antler morphology and evolution in a predator-free environment |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.26879/834 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van der Geer
|
Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
An [[Biology:Cervinae|Old World deer]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Candiacervus|Candiacervus listeri]]''<ref name=PECandiacervus />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van der Geer
|
Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
An [[Biology:Cervinae|Old World deer]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Candiacervus|Candiacervus reumeri]]''<ref name=PECandiacervus />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van der Geer
|
Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
An [[Biology:Cervinae|Old World deer]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Dorcatherium|"Dorcatherium" namaquensis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Israel M. Sánchez |author2=Jorge Morales |author3=Juan López Cantalapiedra |author4=Victoria Quiralte |author5=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Tragulidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia) from Arrisdrift: implications for the African Miocene tragulids |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=19 |pages=110–122 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/3fe_GSN%20Comms%2019.%208.%20Sanchez%20et%20al%20Tragulid.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Sánchez ''et al.''
|
Middle Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
A [[Biology:Chevrotain|chevrotain]].
|
|-
|
''Lophiobunodon hookeri''<ref name=Rouzilemur />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Godinot ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Choeropotamidae|Choeropotamidae]].
|
|-
|
''Orycterochoerus''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Martin Pickford |author2=Jorge Morales |year=2018 |title=A new suoid with tubulidentate, hypselorhizic cheek teeth from the early Miocene of Córcoles, Spain |journal=Spanish Journal of Palaeontology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=321–344 |doi=10.7203/sjp.33.2.13606 |doi-access=free |hdl=10261/230247 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pickford & Morales
|
Early Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Spain}}
|
A member of Suoidea belonging to the family [[Biology:Doliochoeridae|Doliochoeridae]]. The type species is ''O. alferezi''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Paenanthracotherium|Paenanthracotherium]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Laureline Scherler |author2=Fabrice Lihoreau |author3=Damien Becker |year=2018 |title=To split or not to split ''Anthracotherium''? A phylogeny of Anthracotheriinae (Cetartiodactyla: Hippopotamoidea) and its palaeobiogeographical implications  |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=185 |issue=2 |pages=487–510 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly052 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/324669/files/bec_tsn.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Scherler, Lihoreau & Becker
|
[[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}<br>
{{Flag|Germany}}<br>
{{Flag|Pakistan}}<br>
{{Flag|Romania}}<br>
{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|
An [[Biology:Anthracotheriidae|anthracotheriine]] [[Biology:Hippopotamoidea|hippopotamoid]]. The type species is ''P. bergeri''; genus also includes ''"[[Biology:Anthracotherium|Anthracotherium]]" hippoideum'' Rütimeyer (1857) and ''"[[Biology:Brachyodus|Brachyodus]]" strategus'' Forster-Cooper (1913).
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Parmularius|Parmularius maasaicus]]''<ref name=Pmaasaicus>{{cite journal |author1=Faysal Bibi |author2=Michael Pante |author3=Antoine Souron |author4=Kathlyn Stewart |author5=Sara Varela |author6=Lars Werdelin |author7=Jean-Renaud Boisserie |author8=Mikael Fortelius |author9=Leslea Hlusko |author10=Jackson Njau |author11=Ignacio de la Torre |year=2018 |title=Paleoecology of the Serengeti during the Oldowan-Acheulean transition at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: The mammal and fish evidence |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=120 |pages=48–75 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.009 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321340566 |pmid=29191415 |hdl=10138/303935 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Bibi ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
Olduvai Gorge site
|
{{Flag|Tanzania}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Bovidae|Bovidae]] belonging to the tribe Alcelaphini.
|
|-
|
''Protodichobune hellmundi''<ref name=Rouzilemur />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Erfurt ''in'' Godinot ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Dichobunidae|Dichobunidae]].
|
|-
|
''Rucervus gigans''<ref name=QuaternaryRucervus>{{Cite journal|author=Roman Croitor |year=2018 |title=A description of two new species of the genus ''Rucervus'' (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pleistocene of Southeast Europe, with comments on hominin and South Asian ruminants dispersals |journal=Quaternary |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=Article 17 |doi=10.3390/quat1020017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
|
Croitor
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
Platanochori Formation
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Rucervus|Rucervus]]''.
|
|-
|
''Rucervus radulescui''<ref name=QuaternaryRucervus />
|
Sp. nov
|
|
Croitor
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
Platanochori Formation
|
{{Flag|Greece}}<br>
{{Flag|Moldova}}<br>
{{Flag|Romania}}<br>
{{Flag|Russia}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Rucervus|Rucervus]]''.
|
|-
|
''Stryfnotherium''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dimitris S. Kostopoulos |author2=Juliette Soubise |year=2018 |title=''Palaeoreas'', ''Majoreas'', and ''Stryfnotherium'' gen. nov. (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) from the Late Miocene of Greece |journal=Annales de Paléontologie |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=231–247 |doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2018.04.002 |bibcode=2018AnPal.104..231K |s2cid=134290724 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Kostopoulos & Soubise
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Bovidae|Bovidae]]. Genus includes new species ''S. exophthalmon''.
|
|-
|}

===Cetaceans===
* A study assessing the [[Biology:Lumbar|lumbar]] mobility in [[Biology:Archaeoceti|archaeocetes]] is published by Bebej & Smith (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ryan M. Bebej |author2=Kathlyn M. Smith |year=2018 |title=Lumbar mobility in archaeocetes (Mammalia: Cetacea) and the evolution of aquatic locomotion in the earliest whales |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=182 |issue=3 |pages=695–721 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx058 }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy of the auditory region of the skull of [[Biology:Protocetidae|protocetids]] as indicated by fossils from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] of Togo is published by Mourlam & Orliac (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mickaël J. Mourlam |author2=Maeva J. Orliac |year=2018 |title=Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=621–644 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1328378 |bibcode=2018JSPal..16..621M |s2cid=89774296 }}</ref>
* A study on the teeth complexity across fossil and living cetaceans, attempting to identify a trend toward dental simplicity through the [[Earth:Neogene|Neogene]], is published by Peredo, Peredo & Pyenson (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Carlos Mauricio Peredo |author2=Julio S. Peredo |author3=Nicholas D. Pyenson |year=2018 |title=Convergence on dental simplification in the evolution of whales |journal=Paleobiology |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=434–443 |doi=10.1017/pab.2018.9 |bibcode=2018Pbio...44..434P |s2cid=90581461 }}</ref>
* A quantitative analysis and a study on the evolution of cranial telescoping (sliding of facial bones over each other, in much the same way as long sections of telescope slide over shorter sections) in [[Biology:Toothed whale|toothed whale]]s is published by Churchill ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Morgan Churchill |author2=Jonathan H. Geisler |author3=Brian L. Beatty |author4=Anjali Goswami |year=2018 |title=Evolution of cranial telescoping in echolocating whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti) |journal=Evolution |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=1092–1108 |doi=10.1111/evo.13480 |pmid=29624668 |s2cid=4656605 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the morphology of the bony labyrinth in extant and fossil toothed whales is published by Costeur ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the bony labyrinth provides key information both about phylogeny and habitat preferences of members of this group of cetaceans.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Loïc Costeur |author2=Camille Grohé |author3=Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández |author4=Eric Ekdale |author5=Georg Schulz |author6=Bert Müller |author7=Bastien Mennecart |year=2018 |title=The bony labyrinth of toothed whales reflects both phylogeny and habitat preferences |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 7841 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-26094-0 |pmid=29777194 |pmc=5959912 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.7841C }}</ref>
* New fossils of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Agorophius|Agorophius]]'' are described from the [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] Chandler Bridge Formation (South Carolina, {{wipe|United States}}) by Boessenecker & Geisler (2018), providing new information on [[Biology:Ontogeny|ontogenetic]] variation and sensory anatomy in ''Agorophius''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Robert W. Boessenecker |author2=Jonathan H. Geisler |year=2018 |title=New records of the archaic dolphin ''Agorophius'' (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the upper Oligocene Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina, USA |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5290 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5290 |pmid=30280011 |pmc=6166619 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the life history and ecology of [[Earth:Neogene|Neogene]] members of Physeteroidea known from the Lee Creek Mine (North Carolina, {{wipe|United States}}) based on the examination of their teeth is published by Gilbert, Ivany & Uhen (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=K. N. Gilbert |author2=L. C. Ivany |author3=M. D. Uhen |year=2018 |title=Living fast and dying young: Life history and ecology of a Neogene sperm whale |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=e1439038 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1439038 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E9038G |s2cid=89750852 }}</ref>
* Description of postcranial remains of the [[Biology:Crown group#Stem groups|stem]]-[[Biology:Beaked whale|beaked whale]] ''[[Biology:Messapicetus|Messapicetus]] gregarius'' from the Miocene ([[Biology:Tortonian|Tortonian]]) of Peru is published by Ramassamy ''et al.'' (2018), who also propose a reconstruction of the musculature of the neck and forelimb of the species.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Benjamin Ramassamy |author2=Olivier Lambert |author3=Alberto Collareta |author4=Mario Urbina |author5=Giovanni Bianucci |year=2018 |title=Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale ''Messapicetus gregarius'': searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities |journal=Fossil Record |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=11–32 |doi=10.5194/fr-21-11-2018 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018FossR..21...11R |hdl=11568/956055 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* An almost complete skull of ''[[Biology:Llanocetus|Llanocetus]] denticrenatus'' is described from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] [[Earth:La Meseta Formation|La Meseta Formation]] ([[Earth:Antarctica|Antarctica]]) by Fordyce & Marx (2018), who also study the phylogenetic relationships and likely feeding strategy of this species, as well as its implications for inferring the origin of baleen and gigantism in baleen whales.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=R. Ewan Fordyce |author2=Felix G. Marx |year=2018 |title=Gigantism precedes filter feeding in baleen whale evolution |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=1670–1676.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.027 |pmid=29754903 |s2cid=21680283 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the morphology of the membranous labyrinth in extinct and extant baleen whales and their ancestors, focusing on Late Miocene baleen whales from Adygea ({{wipe|Russia}}), is published by Tarasenko ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=K. K. Tarasenko |author2=E. S. Kovalenko |author3=A. A. Kaloyan |author4=K. M. Podurets |year=2018 |title=Morphology of the petrosal in Late Miocene baleen whales of northwestern Ciscaucasia |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=12 |pages=1440–1444 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118120195 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52.1440T |s2cid=91551353 }}</ref>
* An [[Biology:Ontogeny|ontogenetically]] young specimen of ''[[Biology:Herpetocetus|Herpetocetus]]'' is described from the lower part of the Horokaoshirarika Formation (Hokkaido, {{wipe|Japan}}) by Tanaka & Watanabe (2018), representing the only record of Miocene Herpetocetinae from the western Pacific reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Yoshihiro Tanaka |author2=Mahito Watanabe |year=2018 |title=Geologically old and ontogenetically young ''Herpetocetus'' sp. from the late Miocene of Hokkaido, Japan |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=(1)–(11) |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1478842 |s2cid=92314005 }}</ref>
* Partial [[Biology:Periotic bone|periotic bone]] of a member of the genus ''[[Biology:Caperea|Caperea]]'' is described from the latest Miocene of southern {{wipe|Australia}} by Marx ''et al.'' (2018), representing the oldest record of this genus reported so far.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Felix G. Marx |author2=Travis Park |author3=Erich M.G. Fitzgerald |author4=Alistair R. Evans |year=2018 |title=A Miocene pygmy right whale fossil from Australia |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5025 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5025 |pmid=29942692 |pmc=6016540 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy of [[Medicine:Cochlea|cochlea]]e of extant and extinct cetaceans, the relationships of cochlear shape and the frequency ranges heard by cetaceans, and their implications for determining the occurrence of very low frequency and infrasonic hearing in fossil [[Biology:Baleen whale|baleen whale]]s is published by Ritsche ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Indira S. Ritsche |author2=Julia M. Fahlke |author3=Frank Wieder |author4=André Hilger |author5=Ingo Manke |author6=Oliver Hampe |year=2018 |title=Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti |journal=Fossil Record |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=33–45 |doi=10.5194/fr-21-33-2018 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018FossR..21...33R }}</ref>
* Oxygen-isotope analysis of a whale barnacle specimen collected from early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] deposits of Apulia (Italy) is published by Collareta ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the barnacle lived on a cetacean that seasonally migrated towards high-latitude areas outside the Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alberto Collareta |author2=Eleonora Regattieri |author3=Giovanni Zanchetta |author4=Olivier Lambert |author5=Rita Catanzariti |author6=Mark Bosselaers |author7=Pablo Covelo |author8=Angelo Varola |author9=Giovanni Bianucci |year=2018 |title=New insights on ancient cetacean movement patterns from oxygenisotope analyses of a Mediterranean Pleistocene whale barnacle |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=288 |issue=2 |pages=143–159 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2018/0729 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Aondelphis''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mariana Viglino |author2=Mónica R. Buono |author3=Carolina S. Gutstein |author4=Mario A. Cozzuol |author5=José I. Cuitiño |year=2018 |title=A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=261–277 |doi=10.4202/app.00441.2017 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/85548 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Viglino ''et al.''
|
Early Miocene
|
Gaimán Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A member of Platanistoidea. The type species is ''A. talen''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Ciuciulea davidi|Ciuciulea]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pavel Gol'din |year=2018 |title=New Paratethyan dwarf baleen whales mark the origin of cetotheres |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5800 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5800 |pmid=30356949 |pmc=6193469 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Gol'din
|
Middle Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Moldova}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Cetotheriidae|Cetotheriidae]]. The type species is ''C. davidi''.
|
|-
|
''Ediscetus''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=L. Barry Albright III |author2=Albert E. Sanders |author3=Jonathan H. Geisler |year=2018 |title=An unexpectedly derived odontocete from the Ashley Formation (Upper Rupelian) of South Carolina, U.S.A. |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=(1)–(15) |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1482555 |s2cid=92830510 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Albright, Sanders & Geisler
|
[[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] ([[Earth:Rupelian|Rupelian]])
|
Ashley Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|South Carolina}})
|
An early [[Biology:Toothed whale|toothed whale]], slightly outside the odontocete [[Biology:Crown group|crown group]]. Genus includes new species ''E. osbornei''.
|
|-
|
''Eschrichtius akishimaensis''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Toshiyuki Kimura |author2=Yoshikazu Hasegawa |author3=Naoki Kohno |year=2018 |title=A new species of the genus ''Eschrichtius'' (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pleistocene of Japan |journal=Paleontological Research |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.2517/2017PR007 |s2cid=134494152 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Japan}}
|
A relative of the [[Biology:Gray whale|gray whale]].
|
|-
|
''Haborodelphis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Hiroto Ichishima |author2=Hitoshi Furusawa |author3=Makino Tachibana |author4=Masaichi Kimura |year=2018 |title=First monodontid cetacean (Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the early Pliocene of the north-western Pacific Ocean |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=323–342 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1244 |s2cid=134689324 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Ichishima ''et al.''
|
Early Pliocene
|
|
{{Flag|Japan}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Monodontidae|Monodontidae]]. Genus includes new species ''H. japonicus''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Khoikhoicetus|Khoikhoicetus kergueleni]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Olivier Lambert |author2=Christian de Muizon |author3=Guy Duhamel |author4=Johannes van der Plicht |year=2018 |title=Neogene and Quaternary fossil remains of beaked whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from deep-sea deposits off Crozet and Kerguelen islands, Southern Ocean |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=135–160 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a6 |s2cid=134559343 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/6 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Lambert ''et al.''
|
Uncertain, possibly Miocene
|
|
Seafloor 370&nbsp;km SWW to Kerguelen Islands
|
A [[Biology:Beaked whale|beaked whale]] belonging to the subfamily Hyperoodontinae.
|
|-
|
''Kwanzacetus''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Olivier Lambert |author2=Camille Auclair |author3=Cirilo Cauxeiro |author4=Michel Lopez |author5=Sylvain Adnet |year=2018 |title=A close relative of the Amazon river dolphin in marine deposits: a new Iniidae from the late Miocene of Angola |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5556 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5556 |pmid=30225172 |pmc=6139015 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Lambert ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Angola}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Iniidae|Iniidae]]. The type species is ''K. khoisani''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Macrosqualodelphis|Macrosqualodelphis]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Giovanni Bianucci |author2=Giulia Bosio |author3=Elisa Malinverno |author4=Christian de Muizon |author5=Igor M. Villa |author6=Mario Urbina |author7=Olivier Lambert |year=2018 |title=A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172302 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172302 |pmid=29765678 |pmc=5936943 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572302B }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Bianucci ''et al.''
|
Miocene ([[Earth:Burdigalian|Burdigalian]])
|
Chilcatay Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Squalodelphinidae|Squalodelphinidae]]. The type species is ''M. ukupachai''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Maiabalaena|Maiabalaena]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Carlos Mauricio Peredo |author2=Nicholas D. Pyenson |author3=Christopher D. Marshall |author4=Mark D. Uhen |year=2018 |title=Tooth loss precedes the origin of baleen in whales |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=3992–4000.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.047 |pmid=30503622 |s2cid=54145119 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Peredo ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] ([[Earth:Rupelian|Rupelian]])
|
[[Earth:Alsea Formation|Alsea Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}
|
An early [[Biology:Baleen whale|baleen whale]]. The type species is ''M. nesbittae''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Salishicetus|Salishicetus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Carlos Mauricio Peredo |author2=Nicholas D. Pyenson |year=2018 |title=''Salishicetus meadi'', a new aetiocetid from the late Oligocene of Washington State and implications for feeding transitions in early mysticete evolution |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172336 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172336 |pmid=29765681 |pmc=5936946 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572336P }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Peredo & Pyenson
|
Late [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Lincoln Creek Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Washington}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Aetiocetidae|Aetiocetidae]]. The type species is ''S. meadi''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Taikicetus|Taikicetus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yoshihiro Tanaka |author2=Tatsuro Ando |author3=Hiroshi Sawamura |year=2018 |title=A new species of Middle Miocene baleen whale from the Nupinai Group, Hikatagawa Formation of Hokkaido, Japan |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e4934 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4934 |pmid=29967715 |pmc=6025157 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura
|
Middle Miocene
|
Hikatagawa Formation
|
{{Flag|Japan}}
|
A [[Biology:Cetotheriidae|cetotheriid]]-like [[Biology:Baleen whale|baleen whale]]. The type species is ''T. inouei''.
|
|-
|
''Tlaxcallicetus''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández Cisneros |year=2018 |title=A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.26879/746 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Hernández Cisneros
|
Late [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
[[Earth:El Cien Formation|El Cien Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A member of Chaeomysticeti of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''T. guaycurae''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Toipahautea|Toipahautea]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Cheng-Hsiu Tsai |author2=R. Ewan Fordyce |year=2018 |title=A new archaic baleen whale ''Toipahautea waitaki'' (early Late Oligocene, New Zealand) and the origins of crown Mysticeti |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172453 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172453 |pmid=29765689 |pmc=5936954 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572453T }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Tsai & Fordyce
|
[[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] ([[Earth:Chattian|Chattian]])
|
[[Earth:Kokoamu Greensand|Kokoamu Greensand]]
|
{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|
An archaic [[Biology:Baleen whale|baleen whale]]. The type species is ''T. waitaki''.
|
|-
|
''Wimahl''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Carlos Mauricio Peredo |author2=Mark D. Uhen |author3=Margot D. Nelson |year=2018 |title=A new kentriodontid (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the early Miocene Astoria Formation and a revision of the stem delphinidan family Kentriodontidae |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=e1411357 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1411357 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E1357P |s2cid=89965454 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A_new_kentriodontid_Cetacea_Odontoceti_from_the_early_Miocene_Astoria_Formation_and_a_revision_of_the_stem_delphinidan_family_Kentriodontidae/5984980 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Peredo, Uhen & Nelson
|
Early Miocene
|
Astoria Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Washington}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Kentriodontidae|Kentriodontidae]]. Genus includes new species ''W. chinookensis''.
|
|-
|}

===Carnivorans===
* A systematic examination of members of the family [[Biology:Canidae|Canidae]] from the [[Biology:Hemphillian|Hemphillian]] Mehrten Formation ({{wipe|California}}, {{wipe|United States}}) is published by Balisi ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mairin Balisi |author2=Xiaoming Wang |author3=Julia Sankey |author4=Jacob Biewer |author5=Dennis Garber |year=2018 |title=Fossil canids from the Mehrten Formation, Late Cenozoic of Northern California |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=e1405009 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1405009 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E5009B |s2cid=90160835 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/5993308 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating whether body size and the occurrence of skull and teeth traits related to the dietary specialization were correlated with species duration and locality coverage in North American canids over 40 million years of their evolution is published by Balisi, Casey & Van Valkenburgh (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mairin Balisi |author2=Corinna Casey |author3=Blaire Van Valkenburgh |year=2018 |title=Dietary specialization is linked to reduced species durations in North American fossil canids |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=171861 |doi=10.1098/rsos.171861 |pmid=29765649 |pmc=5936914 |bibcode=2018RSOS....571861B }}</ref>
* A study on the teeth microwear in extant gray wolves and [[Biology:Coyote|coyote]]s, and its implications for dietary studies of extant and fossil canids, is published by Tanis, DeSantis & Terry (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Brian P. Tanis |author2=Larisa R.G. DeSantis |author3=Rebecca C. Terry |year=2018 |title=Dental microwear textures across cheek teeth in canids: Implications for dietary studies of extant and extinct canids |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=508 |pages=129–138 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.028 |bibcode=2018PPP...508..129T |s2cid=134532042 }}</ref>
* Description of a sample of coprolites from the Upper Miocene Mehrten Formation (California, United States), likely produced by ''[[Biology:Borophagus|Borophagus]] parvus'', and a study on their implications for inferring the diet of this species, is published by Wang ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Xiaoming Wang |author2=Stuart C. White |author3=Mairin Balisi |author4=Jacob Biewer |author5=Julia Sankey |author6=Dennis Garber |author7=Z. Jack Tseng |year=2018 |title=First bone-cracking dog coprolites provide new insight into bone consumption in ''Borophagus'' and their unique ecological niche |journal=eLife |volume=7 |pages=e34773 |doi=10.7554/eLife.34773 |pmid=29785931 |pmc=5963924 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Revision of the taxonomy and relative age of the Javanese canid fossils will be published by van der Geer, Lyras & Volmer (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alexandra A.E. van der Geer |author2=George A. Lyras |author3=Rebekka Volmer |year=2018 |title=Insular dwarfism in canids on Java (Indonesia) and its implication for the environment of ''Homo erectus'' during the Early and earliest Middle Pleistocene |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=507 |pages=168–179 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.009 |bibcode=2018PPP...507..168V |s2cid=134585999 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of the subfamily [[Biology:Caninae|Caninae]] is published by Zrzavý ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jan Zrzavý |author2=Pavel Duda |author3=Jan Robovský |author4=Isabela Okřinová |author5=Věra Pavelková Řičánková |year=2018 |title=Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=373–389 |doi=10.1111/zsc.12293 |s2cid=90592618 }}</ref>
* Description of new fossils of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Nyctereutes|Nyctereutes]]'' from the Pliocene site of Layna ({{wipe|Spain}}), and a study on their implications for inferring the evolutionary history of ''Nyctereutes'' in Eurasia, is published by Bartolini Lucenti, Rook & Morales (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Saverio Bartolini Lucenti |author2=Lorenzo Rook |author3=Jorge Morales |year=2018 |title=''Nyctereutes'' (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) from Layna and the Eurasian raccoon-dogs: an updated revision |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=597–616 |doi=10.13130/2039-4942/10739 }}</ref>
* Fossil footprint of a [[Biology:Jackal|jackal]]-like predator is described from the Sorbas Member of the Sorbas Basin ({{wipe|Spain}}) by McCann ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Tom McCann |author2=Irmgard Amaru |author3=Effi-Laura Drews |author4=Thanushika Gunatilake |author5=Christina Johanna Knauf |author6=Friedrich Rick |author7=Darius Roohnikan |author8=Robin Maximilian Schaumann |author9=Simone Tillmann |year=2018 |title=The hunter and the hunted – first description of a jackal-like predator and associated bird and gazelle tracks from the Post-Messinian of the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften |volume=169 |issue=1 |pages=47–71 |doi=10.1127/zdgg/2018/0131 }}</ref>
* Revision of fossils attributed to the species ''Canis variabilis'' and a study on the morphotype variability of the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] members of the genus ''[[Biology:Canis|Canis]]'' is published by Jiangzuo ''et al.'' (2018), who considered ''C. variabilis'' to be a subspecies of ''[[Biology:Canis mosbachensis|Canis mosbachensis]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Qigao Jiangzuo |author2=Jinyi Liu |author3=Jan Wagner |author4=Wei Dong |author5=Jin Chen |year=2018 |title=Taxonomical revision of fossil ''Canis'' in Middle Pleistocene sites of Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China and a review of fossil records of ''Canis mosbachensis variabilis'' in China |journal=Quaternary International |volume=482 |pages=93–108 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.003 |bibcode=2018QuInt.482...93J |s2cid=134288431 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphological]] diversity of the limb bones of fossil and modern North American gray wolves is published by Tomiya & Meachen (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Susumu Tomiya |author2=Julie A. Meachen |year=2018 |title=Postcranial diversity and recent ecomorphic impoverishment of North American gray wolves |journal=Biology Letters |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=20170613 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2017.0613 |pmid=29343558 |pmc=5803591 }}</ref>
* A study on the morphological and [[Morphometrics|morphometric]] variability of late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] gray wolves from Avetrana (Italy) in comparison to other populations from northern and southern Italy, as well as from other localities in Europe, is published by Mecozzi & Bartolini Lucenti (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Beniamino Mecozzi |author2=Saverio Bartolini Lucenti |year=2018 |title=The Late Pleistocene ''Canis lupus'' (Canidae, Mammalia) from Avetrana (Apulia, Italy): reappraisal and new insights on the European glacial wolves |journal=Italian Journal of Geosciences |volume=137 |issue=1 |pages=138–150 |doi=10.3301/IJG.2017.22 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolutionary history of the domestic [[Biology:Dog|dog]]s living in the Americas before the arrival of European colonists, based on data from sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear genomes from ancient North American and Siberian dogs from time frames spanning ≈9000 years, is published by Ní Leathlobhair ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Máire Ní Leathlobhair |author2=Angela R. Perri |author3=Evan K. Irving-Pease |author4=Kelsey E. Witt |author5=Anna Linderholm |author6=James Haile |author7=Ophelie Lebrasseur |author8=Carly Ameen |author9=Jeffrey Blick |author10=Adam R. Boyko |author11=Selina Brace |author12=Yahaira Nunes Cortes |author13-link=Susan J. Crockford |author13=Susan J. Crockford |author14=Alison Devault |author15=Evangelos A. Dimopoulos |author16=Morley Eldridge |author17=Jacob Enk |author18=Shyam Gopalakrishnan |author19=Kevin Gori |author20=Vaughan Grimes |author21=Eric Guiry |author22=Anders J. Hansen |author23=Ardern Hulme-Beaman |author24=John Johnson |author25=Andrew Kitchen |author26=Aleksei K. Kasparov |author27=Young-Mi Kwon |author28=Pavel A. Nikolskiy |author29=Carlos Peraza Lope |author30=Aurélie Manin |author31=Terrance Martin |author32=Michael Meyer |author33=Kelsey Noack Myers |author34=Mark Omura |author35=Jean-Marie Rouillard |author36=Elena Y. Pavlova |author37=Paul Sciulli |author38=Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding |author39=Andrea Strakova |author40=Varvara V. Ivanova |author41=Christopher Widga |author42=Eske Willerslev |author43=Vladimir V. Pitulko |author44=Ian Barnes |author45=M. Thomas P. Gilbert |author46=Keith M. Dobney |author47=Ripan S. Malhi |author48=Elizabeth P. Murchison |author49=Greger Larson |author50=Laurent A. F. Frantz |year=2018 |title=The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6397 |pages=81–85 |doi=10.1126/science.aao4776 |pmid=29976825 |pmc=7116273 |bibcode=2018Sci...361...81N |s2cid=206663458 |url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/25675/1/25675.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the mitochondrial DNA sequences of ancient dogs from 37 archaeological sites across Eurasia (from the Upper [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] to the [[History:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]]), testing the hypothesis that dogs associated with [[Place:Near East|Near East]]ern farmers were brought into Europe alongside other domestic animals during the [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]], is published by Ollivier ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Morgane Ollivier |author2=Anne Tresset |author3=Laurent A. F. Frantz |author4=Stéphanie Bréhard |author5=Adrian Bălăşescu |author6=Marjan Mashkour |author7=Adina Boroneanţ |author8=Maud Pionnier-Capitan |author9=Ophélie Lebrasseur |author10=Rose-Marie Arbogast |author11=László Bartosiewicz |author12=Karyne Debue |author13=Rivka Rabinovich |author14=Mikhail V. Sablin |author15=Greger Larson |author16=Catherine Hänni |author17=Christophe Hitte |author18=Jean-Denis Vigne |year=2018 |title=Dogs accompanied humans during the Neolithic expansion into Europe |journal=Biology Letters |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=20180286 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2018.0286 |pmid=30333260 |pmc=6227856 }}</ref>
* A study on the age of [[Biology:Dingo|dingo]] bones from Madura Cave on the Nullarbor Plain ({{wipe|Australia}}), and its implications for inferring the likely rate of dingo spread throughout Australia from their point of arrival, is published by Balme, O'Connor & Fallon (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jane Balme |author2=Sue O'Connor |author3=Stewart Fallon |year=2018 |title=New dates on dingo bones from Madura Cave provide oldest firm evidence for arrival of the species in Australia |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 9933 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28324-x |pmid=30026564 |pmc=6053400 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.9933B }}</ref>
* The complete mitochondrial genome of a ~22,000-year-old [[Biology:Giant panda|giant panda]] specimen from the Cizhutuo Cave (Leye County, Guangxi, {{wipe|China}}) is sequenced by Ko ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Albert Min-Shan Ko |author2=Yingqi Zhang |author3=Melinda A. Yang |author4=Yibo Hu |author5=Peng Cao |author6=Xiaotian Feng |author7=Lizhao Zhang |author8=Fuwen Wei |author9=Qiaomei Fu |year=2018 |title=Mitochondrial genome of a 22,000-year-old giant panda from southern China reveals a new panda lineage |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=R693–R694 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.008 |pmid=29920259 |s2cid=49310493 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the fossil remains of [[Biology:Arctodus|short-faced bear]]s (''Arctodus simus'') and [[Biology:Brown bear|brown bear]]s (''Ursus arctos'') from Pellucidar Cave (Vancouver Island, Canada) is published by Steffen & Fulton (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Martina L. Steffen |author2=Tara L. Fulton |year=2018 |title=On the association of giant short-faced bear (''Arctodus simus'') and brown bear (''Ursus arctos'') in late Pleistocene North America |journal=Geobios |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=61–74 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.001 |bibcode=2018Geobi..51...61S }}</ref>
* A study on the living conditions of [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] bears (belonging to the species ''[[Biology:Ursus ingressus|Ursus ingressus]]'') from [[Earth:Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia|Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia]] (Bear Cave) in Kletno ({{wipe|Poland}}) as indicated by the frequency of [[Medicine:Harris lines|Harris lines]] in their bones is published by Nowakowski (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dariusz Nowakowski |year=2018 |title=Frequency of appearance of transverse (Harris) lines reflects living conditions of the Pleistocene bear—''Ursus ingressus''—(Sudety Mts., Poland) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=e0196342 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0196342 |pmid=29684086 |pmc=5912778 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1396342N |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of the [[Biology:Cave bear|cave bear]]s from four [[Physics:Marine isotope stage#Stages|MIS 3]] sites in the [[Place:Carpathian Mountains|Carpathian Mountains]], based on isotopic data, is published by Robu ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Marius Robu |author2=Jonathan G. Wynn |author3=Ionuţ C. Mirea |author4=Alexandru Petculescu |author5=Marius Kenesz |author6=Cristina M. Puşcaş |author7=Marius Vlaicu |author8=Erik Trinkaus |author9=Silviu Constantin |year=2018 |title=The diverse dietary profiles of MIS 3 cave bears from the Romanian Carpathians: insights from stable isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) analysis |journal=Palaeontology |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=209–219 |doi=10.1111/pala.12338 |bibcode=2018Palgy..61..209R |s2cid=135180213 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Multifold coverage genomic data from four Late Pleistocene cave bears is presented by Barlow ''et al.'' (2018), who report that cave bears hybridized with [[Biology:Brown bear|brown bear]]s during the Pleistocene, and that segments of cave bear DNA still persist in the genomes of living brown bears.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Axel Barlow |author2=James A. Cahill |author3=Stefanie Hartmann |author4=Christoph Theunert |author5=Georgios Xenikoudakis |author6=Gloria G. Fortes |author7=Johanna L. A. Paijmans |author8=Gernot Rabeder |author9=Christine Frischauf |author10=Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade |author11=Ana García-Vázquez |author12=Marine Murtskhvaladze |author13=Urmas Saarma |author14=Peeter Anijalg |author15=Tomaž Skrbinšek |author16=Giorgio Bertorelle |author17=Boris Gasparian |author18=Guy Bar-Oz |author19=Ron Pinhasi |author20=Montgomery Slatkin |author21=Love Dalén |author22=Beth Shapiro |author23=Michael Hofreiter |year=2018 |title=Partial genomic survival of cave bears in living brown bears |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=1563–1570 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0654-8 |pmid=30150744 |pmc=6590514 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2.1563B }}</ref>
* A revision of bear fossils from [[Earth:Zhoukoudian|Zhoukoudian]] is published by Jiangzuo ''et al.'' (2018), who unambiguously confirm the presence of ''Ursus deningeri'' in Loc. 1 of Zhoukoudian.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Qigao Jiangzuo |author2=Jan Wagner |author3=Jin Chen |author4=Cuiping Dong |author5=Jianhua Wei |author6=Juan Ning |author7=Jinyi Liu |year=2018 |title=Presence of the Middle Pleistocene cave bears in China confirmed – Evidence from Zhoukoudian area |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=199 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.012 |bibcode=2018QSRv..199....1J |s2cid=134647125 }}</ref>
* A study on the bone [[Biology:Histology|histology]] of cave bear [[Biology:Femur|femora]], and on its implications for inferring growth and life history variables of cave bears, is published by Veitschegger ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kristof Veitschegger |author2=Christian Kolb |author3=Eli Amson |author4=Torsten M. Scheyer |author5=Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra |year=2018 |title=Palaeohistology and life history evolution in cave bears, ''Ursus spelaeus'' sensu lato |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0206791 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0206791 |pmid=30462690 |pmc=6248942 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1306791V |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Morphometrics|morphometric]] variability of the mandibles of cave and brown bears and their ancestors (''[[Biology:Ursus minimus|Ursus minimus]]'' and ''[[Biology:Ursus etruscus|Ursus etruscus]]'') is published by Baryshnikov, Puzachenko & Baryshnikova (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gennady F. Baryshnikov |author2=Andrei Yu. Puzachenko |author3=Svetlana V. Baryshnikova |year=2018 |title=Morphometric analyses of cave bear mandibles (Carnivora, Ursidae) |journal=Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=379–393 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330727601 }}</ref>
* A study on the dynamics of lineage diversification and diversity of body mass and length in the evolution of [[Biology:Musteloidea|musteloid]] carnivorans based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Law, Slater & Mehta (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Chris J. Law |author2=Graham J. Slater |author3=Rita S. Mehta |year=2018 |title=Lineage diversity and size disparity in Musteloidea: Testing patterns of adaptive radiation using molecular and fossil-based methods |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=127–144 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syx047 |pmid=28472434 |s2cid=3564396 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study estimating the body mass of the fossil [[Biology:Procyonidae|procyonids]] ''[[Biology:Cyonasua|Cyonasua]]'', ''Parahyaenodon'' and ''Tetraprothomo'' is published by Tarquini ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Juliana Tarquini |author2=Néstor Toledo |author3=Leopoldo H. Soibelzon |author4=Cecilia C. Morgan |year=2018 |title=Body mass estimation for †''Cyonasua'' (Procyonidae, Carnivora) and related taxa based on postcranial skeleton |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=496–506 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1295042 |s2cid=90408657 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/6073349 }}</ref>
* Fossils of members of the genera ''[[Biology:Nasua|Nasua]]'' and ''[[Biology:Procyon (genus)|Procyon]]'' are described from the Marplatan stage of the El Breal of Orocual locality (Venezuela) by Ruiz-Ramoni, Rincón & Montellano-Ballesteros (2018), representing the oldest record of these procyonids in South America reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Damián Ruiz-Ramoni |author2=Ascanio Rincón |author3=Marisol Montellano-Ballesteros |year=2018 |title=Evidencias del origen de ''Nasua'' y ''Procyon'' (Procyonidae: Carnivora) en América del Sur |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=87–94 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2018.1.07 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* The first well-preserved skull of the fossil [[Biology:Mustelidae|mustelid]] ''Leptarctus oregonensis'' is described from the Miocene [[Earth:Mascall Formation|Mascall Formation]] (Oregon, {{wipe|United States}}) by Calede, Kehl & Davis (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jonathan J. Calede |author2=Winifred A. Kehl |author3=Edward B. Davis |year=2018 |title=Craniodental morphology and diet of ''Leptarctus oregonensis'' (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Mascall Formation (Miocene) of central Oregon |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=289–304 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.78 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..289C |s2cid=89876488 }}</ref>
* A study on joints morphology and mobility in the hind limb of the Miocene mustelid species ''Semantor macrurus'' is published by Lavrov, Tarasenko & Vlasenko (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=A. V. Lavrov |author2=K. K. Tarasenko |author3=A. N. Vlasenko |year=2018 |title=''Semantor macrurus'' Orlov, 1931 (Carnivora, Mustelidae): morphology of the hind limb and a new view on its paleobiology |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=13 |pages=1637–1646 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118130087 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52.1637L |s2cid=91618237 }}</ref>
* Description of new fossil material of ''Iberictis azanzae'' and ''I. buloti'' from the early Miocene of {{wipe|Spain}}, providing new information on the anatomy of ''Iberictis'', and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this genus is published online by Valenciano ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alberto Valenciano |author2=Juan Abella |author3=David M. Alba |author4=Josep M. Robles |author5=María A. Álvarez-Sierra |author6=Jorge Morales |year=2018 |title=New early Miocene material of ''Iberictis'', the oldest member of the wolverine lineage (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Guloninae) |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=73–93 |doi=10.1007/s10914-018-9445-x |s2cid=51891587 }}</ref>
* [[Biology:Femur|Femur]] of a member of the genus ''Enhydra'' (a relative of the [[Biology:Sea otter|sea otter]]) is described from the middle [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] Merced Formation ({{wipe|California}}, {{wipe|United States}}) by Boessenecker (2018), representing the oldest record of ''Enhydra'' in the [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] with robust [[Physics:Geochronology|geochronologic]] age control reported so far.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robert W. Boessenecker |year=2018 |title=A Middle Pleistocene Sea Otter from Northern California and the Antiquity of ''Enhydra'' in the Pacific Basin |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=27–35 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9373-6 |s2cid=46794472 }}</ref>
* New specimens of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Enaliarctos|Enaliarctos]]'' are described from the Miocene Skooner Gulch Formation ({{wipe|California}}, {{wipe|United States}}), [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] Yaquina Formation (Oregon, United States) and Miocene Astoria Formation (Oregon, United States) by Poust & Boessenecker (2018), extending the geographic and temporal range of the genus.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ashley W. Poust |author2=Robert W. Boessenecker |year=2018 |title=Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of ''Enaliarctos'' from Northern California and Oregon |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=25–40 |doi=10.4202/app.00399.2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of the forelimbs of ''Enaliarctos mealsi'' and extant phocine [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]]s, on the use of forelimbs to secure and tear prey by extant phocine seals, and on its implications for inferring the feeding behaviour of early [[Biology:Pinniped|pinniped]]s, is published by Hocking ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=David P. Hocking |author2=Felix G. Marx |author3=Renae Sattler |author4=Robert N. Harris |author5=Tahlia I. Pollock |author6=Karina J. Sorrell |author7=Erich M. G. Fitzgerald |author8=Matthew R. McCurry |author9=Alistair R. Evans |year=2018 |title=Clawed forelimbs allow northern seals to eat like their ancient ancestors |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172393 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172393 |pmid=29765684 |pmc=5936949 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572393H }}</ref>
* Description of the anatomy of the first known mandible of the earless seal ''Devinophoca claytoni'' from the Miocene of Slovakia is published by Rahmat & Koretsky (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=S. J. Rahmat |author2=I. A. Koretsky |year=2018 |title=Mandibular morphology of the Mid-Miocene seal ''Devinophoca claytoni'' (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae) |journal=Vestnik Zoologii |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=509–520 |doi=10.2478/vzoo-2018-0052 |s2cid=91389532 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A [[Biology:Humerus|humerus]] of an [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Monachinae|Monachinae]] is described from the Pliocene (most likely Piacenzian) Lillo Formation (Belgium) by Dewaele, Lambert & Louwye (2018), representing the first known monachine specimen from the latest early to late Pliocene of the North Sea.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Leonard Dewaele |author2=Olivier Lambert |author3=Stephen Louwye |year=2018 |title=A late surviving Pliocene seal from high latitudes of the North Atlantic realm: the latest monachine seal on the southern margin of the North Sea |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5734 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5734 |pmid=30324020 |pmc=6183512 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A fossil specimen assigned to the genus ''[[Biology:Homiphoca|Homiphoca]]'' is described from the Pliocene of {{wipe|Spain}} by Rahmat ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first European record of this genus.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sulman Rahmat |author2=Fernando Muñiz |author3=Antonio Toscano |author4=Raúl Esperante |author5=Irina Koretsky |year=2018 |title=First European record of ''Homiphoca'' (Phocidae: Monachinae: Lobodontini) and its bearing on the paleobiogeography of the genus |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=561–569 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1507030 |s2cid=92838053 }}</ref>
* A study on the mandibular morphology of the [[Biology:Odobenidae|odobenid]] ''[[Biology:Neotherium|Neotherium]] mirum'', as well as on the affinities of mandibles from the Miocene Sharktooth Hill Bonebed in {{wipe|California}} representing other [[Biology:Pinniped|pinniped]]s, is published by Velez-Juarbe (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jorge Velez-Juarbe |year=2018 |title=New data on the early odobenid ''Neotherium mirum'' Kellogg, 1931, and other pinniped remains from the Sharktooth Hill Bonebed, California |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=(1)–(14) |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1481080 |s2cid=91544891 }}</ref>
* New specimen of ''[[Biology:Ontocetus|Ontocetus]] emmonsi'' is described from the Austin Sand Pit (Ridgeville, South Carolina, {{wipe|United States}}) by Boessenecker, Boessenecker & Geisler (2018), representing the youngest record of ''O. emmonsi'' from the Atlantic coastal plain reported so far.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sarah J. Boessenecker |author2=Robert W. Boessenecker |author3=Jonathan H. Geisler |year=2018 |title=Youngest record of the extinct walrus ''Ontocetus emmonsi'' from the Early Pleistocene of South Carolina and a review of North Atlantic walrus biochronology |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.4202/app.00454.2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Evidence of Pleistocene [[Biology:Hyena|hyena]]s preying upon small rodents is reported from the Bois Roche cave site ({{wipe|France}}) by Williams ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jim Williams |author2=Peter Andrews |author3=Sara García-Morato |author4=Paola Villa |author5=Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo |year=2018 |title=Hyena as a predator of small mammals? Taphonomic analysis from the site of Bois Roche, France |journal=Paleobiology |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=511–529 |doi=10.1017/pab.2018.13 |bibcode=2018Pbio...44..511W |s2cid=90343101 }}</ref>
* A study on the external brain [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of a juvenile [[Biology:Cave hyena|cave hyena]] from the Jasovská Cave (Slovakia) is published by Petrovič ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vlasta Petrovič |author2=Martin Sabol |author3=Juraj Šurka |author4=Martin Pyszko |author5=Ladislav Stehlík |year=2018 |title=External brain morphology of juvenile cave hyena (''Crocuta crocuta spelaea'') from the Jasovská jaskyňa Cave (Slovakia) revealed by X-ray computed tomography |journal=Acta Geologica Slovaca |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=133–142 |url=http://geopaleo.fns.uniba.sk/ageos/articles/abstract.php?path=petrovic_et_al&vol=10&iss=2 }}</ref>
* [[Biology:Cougar|Cougar]] skull is described from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] ([[Earth:Ensenadan|Ensenadan]]) of {{wipe|Argentina}} by Chimento & Dondas (2018), representing the first unequivocal record of the cougar prior to late Pleistocene times in South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Nicolás R. Chimento |author2=Alejandro Dondas |year=2018 |title=First Record of ''Puma concolor'' (Mammalia, Felidae) in the Early-Middle Pleistocene of South America |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=381–389 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9385-x |s2cid=16249074 }}</ref>
* A study on the shape and the dimensions of the bony [[Biology:Vestibular system|vestibular system]] in the inner ear of the [[Biology:Cheetah|cheetah]], comparing it with the vestibular system in other extant [[Biology:Felidae|felids]] and in the extinct [[Biology:Giant cheetah|giant cheetah]] (''Acinonyx pardinensis'') and ''[[Biology:Proailurus|Proailurus]] lemanensis'', and on the evolution of the vestibular system of the cheetah is published by Grohé, Lee & Flynn (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Camille Grohé |author2=Beatrice Lee |author3=John J. Flynn |year=2018 |title=Recent inner ear specialization for high-speed hunting in cheetahs |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 2301 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20198-3 |pmid=29396425 |pmc=5797172 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2301G }}</ref>
* Description of a partial skull of a large felid from the late Villafranchian site of Monte Argentario (Italy), formerly assigned to the species ''[[Biology:European jaguar|Panthera gombaszoegensis]]'', is published by Cherin ''et al.'' (2018), who refer this specimen (and some other Italian materials previously referred to ''P. gombaszoegensis'') to the species ''Acinonyx pardinensis''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Marco Cherin |author2=Dawid A. Iurino |author3=Marco Zanatta |author4=Vincent Fernandez |author5=Alessandro Paciaroni |author6=Caterina Petrillo |author7=Roberto Rettori |author8=Raffaele Sardella |year=2018 |title=Synchrotron radiation reveals the identity of the large felid from Monte Argentario (Early Pleistocene, Italy) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 8338 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-26698-6 |pmid=29844540 |pmc=5974229 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.8338C }}</ref>
* Description of fossils of at least four adult cave lions (''[[Biology:Panthera spelaea|Panthera spelaea]]'') from Medvedia Cave in the Západné Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) and a study on the range and social behavior of members of this taxon is published by Sabol, Gullár & Horvát (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Martin Sabol |author2=Juraj Gullár |author3=Ján Horvát |year=2018 |title=Montane record of the late Pleistocene ''Panthera spelaea'' (Goldfuss, 1810) from the Západné Tatry Mountains (northern Slovakia) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=e1467921 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1467921 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E7921S |s2cid=90751857 }}</ref>
* A study on bones belonging to at least 11 individuals of fossil lion from the Imanai Cave in the Southern Urals, representing one of the largest Eurasian burial sites of fossil lions, is published by Gimranov ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=D. O. Gimranov |author2=V. G. Kotov |author3=M. M. Rumyantsev |author4=V. I. Silaev |author5=A. G. Yakovlev |author6=T. I. Yakovleva |author7=N. V. Zelenkov |author8=M. V. Sotnikova |author9=M. M. Devyashin |author10=N. A. Plasteeva |author11=N. E. Zaretskaya |author12=I. M. Nurmukhametov |author13=N. G. Smirnov |author14=P. A. Kosintsev |year=2018 |title=A mass burial of fossil lions (Carnivora, Felidae, ''Panthera (Leo) ex gr. fossilis-spelaea'') from Eurasia |journal=Doklady Biological Sciences |volume=482 |issue=1 |pages=191–193 |doi=10.1134/S0012496618050046 |pmid=30402757 |s2cid=53228473 }}</ref>
* An exceptionally large skull of a [[Biology:Lion|lion]], comparable to large specimens of the [[Biology:American lion|American lion]] in terms of skull length and substantially larger than known skulls of extant lions, is described from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of Kenya by Manthi ''et al.''  (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Fredrick K. Manthi |author2=Francis H. Brown |author3=Michael J. Plavcan |author4=Lars Werdelin |year=2018 |title=Gigantic lion, ''Panthera leo'', from the Pleistocene of Natodomeri, eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=305–312 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.68 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..305M |s2cid=34070489 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the historical biogeography of the [[Biology:Leopard|leopard]] (''Panthera pardus''), based on data from mitogenome sequences from historical samples spanning the entire modern leopard distribution, as well as from Late Pleistocene remains from [[Earth:Caucasus|Caucasus]] and Central Europe, is published by Paijmans ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Johanna L. A. Paijmans |author2=Axel Barlow |author3=Daniel W. Förster |author4=Kirstin Henneberger |author5=Matthias Meyer |author6=Birgit Nickel |author7=Doris Nagel |author8=Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller |author9=Gennady F. Baryshnikov |author10=Ulrich Joger |author11=Wilfried Rosendahl |author12=Michael Hofreiter |year=2018 |title=Historical biogeography of the leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and its extinct Eurasian populations |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=156 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1268-0 |pmid=30348080 |pmc=6198532 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018BMCEE..18..156P }}</ref>
* The northernmost fossil record of the [[Biology:Jaguar|jaguar]] from {{wipe|Argentina}} is reported from the late Pleistocene-early Holocene Río Bermejo Formation (Formosa Province) by Rodriguez ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sergio Gabriel Rodriguez |author2=Cecilia Méndez |author3=Esteban Soibelzon |author4=Leopoldo Héctor Soibelzon |author5=Silvina Contreras |author6=Juan Friedrichs |author7=Carlos Luna |author8=Alfredo Eduardo Zurita |year=2018 |title=''Panthera onca'' (Carnivora, Felidae) in the late Pleistocene-early Holocene of northern Argentina |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=289 |issue=2 |pages=177–187 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2018/0758 |s2cid=134297042 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of the morphological diversity of the mandibles of [[Biology:Saber-toothed cat|saber-toothed cat]]s, as well as on the [[Biology:Speciation|speciation]] and extinction rates in the evolution of saber-toothed cats, is published by Piras ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Paolo Piras |author2=Daniele Silvestro |author3=Francesco Carotenuto |author4=Silvia Castiglione |author5=Anastassios Kotsakis |author6=Leonardo Maiorino |author7=Marina Melchionna |author8=Alessandro Mondanaro |author9=Gabriele Sansalone |year=2018 |title=Evolution of the sabertooth mandible: A deadly ecomorphological specialization |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=496 |pages=166–174 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.034 |bibcode=2018PPP...496..166P |hdl=2158/1268434 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of upper [[Biology:Canine tooth|canine length]] in the felid lineages leading to the fossil saber-toothed cats and extant [[Biology:Clouded leopard|clouded leopard]] is published by Harano & Kutsukake (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tomohiro Harano |author2=Nobuyuki Kutsukake |year=2018 |title=Directional selection in the evolution of elongated upper canines in clouded leopards and sabre-toothed cats |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=1268–1283 |doi=10.1111/jeb.13309 |pmid=29904973 |s2cid=49208818 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A canine of ''[[Biology:Megantereon|Megantereon]] whitei'' is reported from Trlica Cave in Montenegro by Vislobokova (2018), reflecting the first penetration of this African species into the [[Place:Balkans|Balkans]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=I. A. Vislobokova |year=2018 |title=On a new find of ''Megantereon'' (Carnivora, Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Early Pleistocene of Trlica (Montenegro, the central Balkans) |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=12 |pages=1445–1449 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118120201 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52.1445V |s2cid=92543210 }}</ref>
* An almost complete skull of ''[[Biology:Smilodon fatalis|Smilodon fatalis]]'' will be described from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] Sopas Formation (Uruguay) by Manzuetti ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first known record of the species from the eastern part of South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Aldo Manzuetti |author2=Daniel Perea |author3=Martín Ubilla |author4=Andrés Rinderknecht |year=2018 |title=First record of ''Smilodon fatalis'' Leidy, 1868 (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the extra-Andean region of South America (late Pleistocene, Sopas Formation), Uruguay: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=180 |pages=57–62 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.024 |bibcode=2018QSRv..180...57M }}</ref>
* A study on the skull stiffness and flexibility in ''Smilodon fatalis'' and ''[[Biology:Homotherium|Homotherium]] serum'', and on their implications for inferring the killing behavior of these cats, is published by Figueirido ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Borja Figueirido |author2=Stephan Lautenschlager |author3=Alejandro Pérez-Ramos |author4=Blaire Van Valkenburgh |year=2018 |title=Distinct predatory behaviors in scimitar- and dirk-toothed sabertooth cats |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=20 |pages=3260–3266.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.012 |pmid=30293717 |s2cid=52929593 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Allodesmus demerei''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Robert W. Boessenecker |author2=Morgan Churchill |year=2018 |title=The last of the desmatophocid seals: a new species of ''Allodesmus'' from the upper Miocene of Washington, USA, and a revision of the taxonomy of Desmatophocidae |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=184 |issue=1 |pages=211–235 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx098 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boessenecker & Churchill
|
Miocene ([[Biology:Tortonian|Tortonian]])
|
Montesano Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Washington}})
|
|
|-
|
''Allodesmus uraiporensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Wataru Tonomori |author2=Hiroshi Sawamura |author3=Tamaki Sato |author4=Naoki Kohno |year=2018 |title=A new Miocene pinniped ''Allodesmus'' (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Hokkaido, northern Japan |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=172440 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172440 |pmid=29892431 |pmc=5990790 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572440T }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Tonomori ''et al.''
|
Middle Miocene
|
Okoppezawa Formation
|
{{Flag|Japan}}
|
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Auroraphoca|Auroraphoca]]''<ref name=Auroraphoca>{{Cite journal|author1=Leonard Dewaele |author2=Carlos Mauricio Peredo |author3=Pjotr Meyvisch |author4=Stephen Louwye |year=2018 |title=Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=172437 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172437 |pmid=29657825 |pmc=5882749 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572437D }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Dewaele ''et al.''
|
Pliocene (Zanclean)
|
Yorktown Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|North Carolina}})
|
An [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Monachinae|Monachinae]]. The type species is ''A. atlantica''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Sicilian wolf|Canis lupus cristaldii]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Francesco Maria Angelici |author2=Lorenzo Rossi |year=2018 |title=A new subspecies of grey wolf (Carnivora, Canidae), recently extinct, from Sicily, Italy |journal=Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona. Botanica Zoologia |volume=42 |pages=3–15 |url=http://www.museostorianaturaleverona.it/media/_Musei/_StoriaNaturale/_Allegati/Biblioteca/Bollettino/Bollettino%2042(2018)/01._Angelici_Rossi_42.pdf }}</ref>
|
Subsp. nov
|
Valid
|
Angelici & Rossi
|
[[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Italy}}
|
A [[Biology:Wolf|wolf]] subspecies.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Civettictis braini|Civettictis braini]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jean-Baptiste Fourvel |year=2018 |title=''Civettictis braini'' nov. sp. (Mammalia: Carnivora), a new viverrid from the hominin-bearing site of Kromdraai (Gauteng, South Africa) |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=366–377 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.11.005 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..366F |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Fourvel
|
Pliocene-[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] transition
|
[[Earth:Kromdraai fossil site|Kromdraai fossil site]]
|
{{Flag|South Africa}}
|
A relative of the [[Biology:African civet|African civet]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Enhydrictis|Enhydrictis praegalictoides]]''<ref name=QSR197Rooketal>{{Cite journal|author1=Lorenzo Rook |author2=Saverio Bartolini Lucenti |author3=Caterinella Tuveri |author4=Marisa Arca |year=2018 |title=Mustelids (Carnivora, Mammalia) from Monte Tuttavista fissure fillings (Early and Middle Pleistocene; Orosei, Sardinia): Taxonomy and evolution of the insular Sardinian Galictini |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=197 |pages=209–223 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.022 |bibcode=2018QSRv..197..209R |s2cid=134162908 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rook ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Italy}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Mustelidae|Mustelidae]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Ictonychinae|Ictonychinae]] and to the tribe Galictini.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Frisiphoca|Frisiphoca]]''<ref name=Frisiphoca>{{Cite journal|author1=Leonard Dewaele |author2=Olivier Lambert |author3=Stephen Louwye |year=2018 |title=A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus ''Monotherium'' (Carnivora, Phocidae) |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=171669 |doi=10.1098/rsos.171669 |pmid=29892365 |pmc=5990722 |bibcode=2018RSOS....571669D }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Dewaele, Lambert & Louwye
|
Late Miocene
|
Probably Diest Formation
|
{{Flag|Belgium}}
|
An [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Phocinae|Phocinae]]. The type species is ''"[[Biology:Monotherium|Monotherium]]" aberratum'' Van Beneden (1876); genus also includes ''"Monotherium" affine'' Van Beneden (1876).
|
|-
|
''Gulo sudorus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joshua X. Samuels |author2=Keila E. Bredehoeft |author3=Steven C. Wallace |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Gulo'' from the Early Pliocene Gray Fossil Site (Eastern United States); rethinking the evolution of wolverines |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e4648 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4648 |pmid=29682423 |pmc=5910791 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Samuels, Bredehoeft & Wallace
|
Early Pliocene (earliest [[Biology:Blancan|Blancan]])
|
Gray Fossil Site
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Tennessee}})
|
A relative of the [[Biology:Wolverine|wolverine]].
|
|-
|
''Katifelis''<ref name=Katifelis>{{Cite journal|author1=Brent Adrian |author2=Lars Werdelin |author3=Aryeh Grossman |year=2018 |title=New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica  |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 21.1.10A |doi=10.26879/778 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Adrian, Werdelin & Grossman
|
Early Miocene
|
Lothidok Formation
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Felidae|Felidae]]. The type species is ''K. nightingalei''.
|
|-
|
''Kichechia savagei''<ref name=Katifelis />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Adrian, Werdelin & Grossman
|
Early Miocene
|
Lothidok Formation
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Viverridae|Viverridae]] belonging to the subfamily Paradoxurinae.
|
|-
|
''Martellictis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Saverio Bartolini Lucenti |year=2018 |title=Revising the species ''"Mustela" ardea'' Gervais, 1848–1852 (Mammalia, Mustelidae): ''Martellictis'' gen. nov. and the systematics of the fossil "Galictinae" of Eurasia |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=522–535 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2018.02.003 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..522B |url=http://osf.io/js64t/ |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Bartolini Lucenti
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Austria}}<br>
{{Flag|France}}<br>
{{Flag|Italy}}<br>
{{Flag|Netherlands}}<br>
{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Mustelidae|Mustelidae]]. Genus includes ''"[[Biology:Mustela|Mustela]]" ardea'' Gervais (1848–1852).
|
|-
|
''Meles magnus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Qi-Gao Jiangzuo |author2=Jin-Yi Liu |author3=Jan Wagner |author4=Jin Chen |year=2018 |title=Taxonomical revision of ''"Arctonyx"'' fossil remains from the Liucheng ''Gigantopithecus'' Cave (South China) by means of morphotype and morphometrics, and a review of Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene ''Meles'' fossil records in China |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=282–300 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2017.12.001 |s2cid=134851852 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Jiangzuo ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A [[Biology:Badger|badger]], a species of ''[[Biology:Meles (genus)|Meles]]''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Nanodobenus|Nanodobenus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jorge Velez-Juarbe |author2=Fernando M. Salinas-Márquez |year=2018 |title=A dwarf walrus from the Miocene of Baja California Sur, Mexico |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=180423 |doi=10.1098/rsos.180423 |pmid=30225030 |pmc=6124023 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Velez-Juarbe & Salinas-Márquez
|
Miocene
|
Tortugas Formation
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A relative of the [[Biology:Walrus|walrus]]. The type species is ''N. arandai''.
|
|-
|
''Nasua mastodonta''<ref name=EmmertShort>{{Cite journal|author1=Laura G. Emmert |author2=Rachel A. Short |year=2018 |title=Three new procyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Blancan of Florida |journal=Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History |volume=55 |issue=8 |pages=157–173 |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/5015/2702/6955/vol55no8archive.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Emmert & Short
|
[[Biology:Blancan|Blancan]]
|
|
{{flag|United States}}<br>({{flag|Florida}})
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Nasua|Nasua]]''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Noriphoca|Noriphoca]]''<ref name=Frisiphoca />
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Dewaele, Lambert & Louwye
|
Late [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] or early Miocene
|
Probably Bolognano Formation
|
{{Flag|Italy}}
|
An [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Monachinae|Monachinae]]. The type species is ''"Monotherium" gaudini'' (Guiscardi, 1870).
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Pannonictis|Pannonictis baroniensis]]''<ref name=QSR197Rooketal />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rook ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Italy}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Mustelidae|Mustelidae]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Ictonychinae|Ictonychinae]] and to the tribe Galictini.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Panthera balamoides|Panthera balamoides]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sarah R. Stinnesbeck |author2=Wolfgang Stinnesbeck |author3=Eberhard Frey |author4=Jerónimo Avilés Olguín |author5=Carmen Rojas Sandoval |author6=Adriana Velázquez Morlet |author7=Arturo H. González |year=2020 |title=''Panthera balamoides'' and other Pleistocene felids from the submerged caves of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=930–939 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1556649 |bibcode=2020HBio...32..930S |s2cid=92328512 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Stinnesbeck ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Panthera|Panthera]]''. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''Procyon gipsoni''<ref name=EmmertShort />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Emmert & Short
|
[[Biology:Blancan|Blancan]]
|
|
{{flag|United States}}<br>({{flag|Florida}})
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Procyon (genus)|Procyon]]''.
|
|-
|
''Procyon megalokolos''<ref name=EmmertShort />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Emmert & Short
|
[[Biology:Blancan|Blancan]]
|
|
{{flag|United States}}<br>({{flag|Florida}})
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Procyon (genus)|Procyon]]''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Tchadailurus|Tchadailurus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Louis de Bonis |author2=Stéphane Peigné |author3=Hassane Taisso Mackaye |author4=Andossa Likius |author5=Patrick Vignaud |author6=Michel Brunet |year=2018 |title=New sabre toothed Felidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the hominid-bearing sites of Toros Menalla (late Miocene, Chad) |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=69–86 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a3 |s2cid=134769588 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/3 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bonis ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Chad}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Felidae|Felidae]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Machairodontinae|Machairodontinae]]. The type species is ''T. adei''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Titanotaria|Titanotaria]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Isaac Magallanes |author2=James F. Parham |author3=Gabriel-Philip Santos |author4=Jorge Velez-Juarbe |year=2018 |title=A new tuskless walrus from the Miocene of Orange County, California, with comments on the diversity and taxonomy of odobenids |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5708 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5708 |pmid=30345169 |pmc=6188011 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Magallanes ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
Capistrano Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}})
|
A relative of the [[Biology:Walrus|walrus]]. The type species is ''T. orangensis''.
|
|-
|
''Virginiaphoca''<ref name=Auroraphoca />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Dewaele ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene or Pliocene (Zanclean)
|
Eastover Formation or Yorktown Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Virginia}})
|
An [[Biology:Earless seal|earless seal]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Monachinae|Monachinae]]. The type species is ''V. magurai''.
|
|-
|}

===Rodents===
* A study on the late Miocene rodents of the Iberoccitanian Region ([[Place:Iberian Peninsula|Iberian Peninsula]] and southern {{wipe|France}}), aiming to identify the rodent [[Earth:Metacommunity|metacommunities]] and to analyse their reactions to environmental changes, is published by Blanco ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Fernando Blanco |author2=Ana Rosa Gómez Cano |author3=Juan L. Cantalapiedra |author4=M. Soledad Domingo |author5=Laura Domingo |author6=Iris Menéndez |author7=Lawrence J. Flynn |author8=Manuel Hernández Fernández |year=2018 |title=Differential responses of Miocene rodent metacommunities to global climatic changes were mediated by environmental context |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 2502 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20900-5 |pmid=29410503 |pmc=5802738 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2502B }}</ref>
* A study on the ecology and dietary preferences of extinct [[Biology:Endemism|endemic]] rodents from Hispaniola is published by Cooke & Crowley (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Siobhán B. Cooke |author2=Brooke E. Crowley |year=2018 |title=Deciphering the isotopic niches of now-extinct Hispaniolan rodents |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=e1510414 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1510414 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E0414C |s2cid=92486564 }}</ref>
* A study on the morphology of [[Biology:Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsal]] bones of two species of the ctenodactyloid genus ''Tamquammys'' from the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] of {{wipe|China}}, aiming at the reconstruction of locomotor adaptations and lifestyle of ''Tamquammys'', is published by Fostowicz-Frelik, Li & Ni (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik |author2=Qian Li |author3=Xijun Ni |year=2018 |title=Oldest ctenodactyloid tarsals from the Eocene of China and evolution of locomotor adaptations in early rodents |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=150 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1259-1 |pmid=30286712 |pmc=6172738 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018BMCEE..18..150F }}</ref>
* New adult and juvenile specimens of the [[Biology:Dinomyidae|dinomyid]] rodent ''[[Biology:Isostylomys|Isostylomys]] laurillardi'' are described from the Miocene Camacho Formation (Uruguay) by Rinderknecht, Bostelmann & Ubilla (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Andrés Rinderknecht |author2=Enrique Bostelmann |author3=Martín Ubilla |year=2018 |title=Making a giant rodent: cranial anatomy and ontogenetic development in the genus ''Isostylomys'' (Mammalia, Hystricognathi, Dinomyidae) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=245–261 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1285360 |bibcode=2018JSPal..16..245R |s2cid=90400618 }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''Tetrastylus walteri'', based on data from the [[Biology:Holotype|holotype]] and new specimens, is published online by Kerber ''et al.'' (2018), who consider this taxon to be a valid species.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Leonardo Kerber |author2=Elver Luiz Mayer |author3=Anny Caroliny Gomes |author4=Norma Nasif |year=2018 |title=On the morphological, taxonomic, and phylogenetic status of South American Quaternary dinomyid rodents (Rodentia: Dinomyidae) |journal=PalZ |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=167–178 |doi=10.1007/s12542-018-0435-3 |s2cid=91735420 }}</ref>
* The first description of the postcranium of ''Cardiomys'', based on a well-preserved specimen from the late Miocene of Central {{wipe|Argentina}}, and a study on the paleobiology and systematics of this taxon is published by Candela, Muñoz & García-Esponda (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Adriana M. Candela |author2=Nahuel A. Muñoz |author3=César M. García-Esponda |year=2018 |title=Paleobiology of the basal hydrochoerine ''Cardiomys'' Ameghino, 1885 (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, late Miocene, South America) as inferred from its postcranial anatomy |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=911–919 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.12 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..911C |s2cid=135148808 }}</ref>
* A mandibular fragment of the [[Biology:Euryzygomatomyinae|euryzygomatomyine]] [[Biology:Echimyidae|echimyid]] ''Dicolpomys fossor'' is described from the late [[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]] Sambaquí de Puerto Landa site (Entre Ríos Province, {{wipe|Argentina}}) by Verzi ''et al.'' (2018), representing the most recent record of an extinct South American [[Biology:Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] genus reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Diego H. Verzi |author2=A. Itatí Olivares |author3=Patricia Hadler |author4=Juan C. Castro |author5=Eduardo P. Tonni |year=2018 |title=Occurrence of ''Dicolpomys'' (Echimyidae) in the late Holocene of Argentina: The most recently extinct South American caviomorph genus |journal=Quaternary International |volume=490 |pages=123–131 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.041 |bibcode=2018QuInt.490..123V |s2cid=134395211 }}</ref>
* The first known fossil (an almost complete skull) of the [[Biology:San Felipe hutia|San Felipe hutia]] (''Mesocapromys sanfelipensis'') is described from a cave room within Cueva del Indio (Mayabeque Province, Cuba) by Viñola Lopez, Garrido & Bermúdez (2018), who interpret their finding as indicating that the modern population of this species is a marginal relic of its former distribution during the Quaternary.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lazaro W. Viñola Lopez |author2=Orlando H. Garrido |author3=Alberto Bermúdez |year=2018 |title=Notes on ''Mesocapromys sanfelipensis'' (Rodentia: Capromyidae) from Cuba |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4410 |issue=1 |pages=164–176 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.9 |pmid=29690162 }}</ref>
* A revision of the fossils of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Phoberomys|Phoberomys]]'' from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province ({{wipe|Argentina}}) and a study on their systematics and phylogenetic relationships is published by Rasia & Candela (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Luciano L. Rasia |author2=Adriana M. Candela |year=2018 |title=Reappraisal of the giant caviomorph rodent ''Phoberomys burmeisteri'' (Ameghino, 1886) from the late Miocene of northeastern Argentina, and the phylogeny and diversity of Neoepiblemidae |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=486–495 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1294168 |bibcode=2018HBio...30..486R |s2cid=90381892 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/106494 }}</ref>
* Fossil [[Biology:New World porcupine|New World porcupine]] belonging or related to the species ''Coendou magnus'' is described from the Upper [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of the Santa Fe Province ({{wipe|Argentina}}) by Vezzosi & Kerber (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Raúl I. Vezzosi |author2=Leonardo Kerber |year=2018 |title=The southernmost record of a large erethizontid rodent (Hystricomorpha: Erethizontoidea) in the Pleistocene of South America: Biogeographic and paleoenvironmental implications |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=82 |pages=76–90 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2017.12.015 |bibcode=2018JSAES..82...76V }}</ref>
* Revision of the problematic [[Earth:Neogene|Neogene]] sciurid genus ''Sinotamias'' is published by Sinitsa (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maxim V. Sinitsa |year=2018 |title=Phylogenetic position of ''Sinotamias'' and the early evolution of Marmotini (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Xerinae) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=e1419251 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1419251 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E9251S |s2cid=89877974 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/6002243 }}</ref>
* A sciurid rodent is reported from the Miocene Clarkia fossil beds (Latah Formation, Idaho, {{wipe|United States}}) by Calede ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first [[Biology:Tetrapod|tetrapod]] reported from this lagerstätte.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jonathan J. M. Calede |author2=John D. Orcutt |author3=Winifred A. Kehl |author4=Bill D. Richards |year=2018 |title=The first tetrapod from the mid-Miocene Clarkia ''lagerstätte'' (Idaho, USA) |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e4880 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4880 |pmid=29900070 |pmc=5995101 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Fossils of ''[[Biology:Miopetaurista|Miopetaurista]] neogrivensis'' with an estimated age of 11.63 million years are described from the Abocador de Can Mata site ACM/C5-D1 (Els Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia, {{wipe|Spain}}) by Casanovas-Vilar ''et al.'' (2018), representing the oldest fossils of a flying squirrel that display the gliding-related diagnostic features shared by extant forms.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Isaac Casanovas-Vilar |author2=Joan Garcia-Porta |author3=Josep Fortuny |author4=Óscar Sanisidro |author5=Jérôme Prieto |author6=Marina Querejeta |author7=Sergio Llácer |author8=Josep M. Robles |author9=Federico Bernardini |author10=David M. Alba |year=2018 |title=Oldest skeleton of a fossil flying squirrel casts new light on the phylogeny of the group |journal=eLife |volume=7 |pages=e39270 |doi=10.7554/eLife.39270 |pmid=30296996 |pmc=6177260 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* The first virtual endocasts of extant mountain beaver and three fossil members of the family [[Biology:Aplodontiidae|Aplodontiidae]] are described by Bertrand ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ornella C. Bertrand |author2=Farrah Amador-Mughal |author3=Madlen M. Lang |author4=Mary T. Silcox |year=2018 |title=Virtual endocasts of fossil Sciuroidea: brain size reduction in the evolution of fossoriality |journal=Palaeontology |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=919–948 |doi=10.1111/pala.12378 |bibcode=2018Palgy..61..919B |s2cid=134358182 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Tooth enamel|enamel]] [[Physics:Ultrastructure|ultrastructure]] of molars of the [[Biology:Anomalomyidae|anomalomyid]] species ''Anomalomys gaillardi'', as well as extant and fossil [[Biology:Spalacidae|spalacids]] from {{wipe|Ukraine}} belonging to the genera ''Pliospalax'' and ''[[Biology:Spalax|Spalax]]'', is published by Nowakowski ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Dariusz Nowakowski |author2=Leonid Rekovets |author3=Oleksandr Kovalchuk |author4=Edward Pawlina |author5=Vitalii Demeshkant |year=2018 |title=Enamel ultrastructure of molars in †''Anomalomys gaillardi'' and some spalacid taxa (Rodentia, Mammalia) |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.18A |doi=10.26879/846  |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Revision of putative fossils of members of the genus ''[[Biology:Nectomys|Nectomys]]'' from the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] of {{wipe|Argentina}} and Bolivia is published by Pardiñas & Barbière (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas |author2=Franck Barbière |year=2018 |title=The Pleistocene record attributed to the cricetid genus ''Nectomys'' (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): unexpected connections |journal=Mammalia |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=201–206 |doi=10.1515/mammalia-2017-0020 |s2cid=90159000 }}</ref>
* A study on the demographic history of ''[[Biology:Abrothrix|Abrothrix]] manni'' during Pleistocene glaciations in southern {{wipe|Chile}} is published by Valdez & D'Elía (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lourdes Valdez |author2=Guilermo D'Elía |year=2018 |title=Local persistence of Mann's soft-haired mouse ''Abrothrix manni'' (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) during Quaternary glaciations in southern Chile |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e6130 |doi=10.7717/peerj.6130 |pmid=30588409 |pmc=6302793 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the body mass and evolution of the Miocene rodent ''[[Biology:Mikrotia|Mikrotia]]'' from Italy is published by Moncunill-Solé, Jordana & Köhler (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Blanca Moncunill-Solé |author2=Xavier Jordana |author3=Meike Köhler |year=2018 |title=Where did ''Mikrotia magna'' originate? Drawing ecogeographical inferences from body mass reconstructions |journal=Geobios |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=359–366 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2018.06.006 |bibcode=2018Geobi..51..359M |s2cid=135031316 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of [[Biology:Muridae|murid]] rodents, implementing nine robust fossil constraints based on a thorough review of the fossil record, is published by Aghová ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Tatiana Aghová |author2=Yuri Kimura |author3=Josef Bryja |author4=Gauthier Dobigny |author5=Laurent Granjon |author6=Gael J. Kergoat |year=2018 |title=Fossils know it best: Using a new set of fossil calibrations to improve the temporal phylogenetic framework of murid rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=128 |pages=98–111 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.017 |pmid=30030180 |s2cid=51705750 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''Aepyocricetus''<ref name=Aepyocricetus>{{Cite journal|author1=Qiang Li |author2=Thomas A. Stidham |author3=Xijun Ni |author4=Lüzhou Li |year=2018 |title=Two new Pliocene hamsters (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from southwestern Tibet (China), and their implications for rodent dispersal 'into Tibet' |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=e1403443 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1403443 |s2cid=90488470 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/5899297 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Li ''et al.''
|
Pliocene
|
Zanda Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A [[Biology:Hamster|hamster]]. Genus includes new species ''A. liuae''.
|
|-
|
''Allosminthus gobiensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Qian Li |year=2018 |title=Additional cricetid and dipodid rodent material from the Erden Obo section, Erlian Basin (Nei Mongol, China) and its biochronological implications |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=490–505 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2018.09.003 |s2cid=134516175 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Li
|
[[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]]
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Dipodidae|Dipodidae]].
|
|-
|
''Alormys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Julien Louys |author2=Sue O'Connor |author3=Mahirta |author4=Pennilyn Higgins |author5=Stuart Hawkins |author6=Tim Maloney |year=2018 |title=New genus and species of giant rat from Alor Island, Indonesia |journal=Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=503–510 |doi=10.1016/j.japb.2018.08.005 |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/381948 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Louys ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Muridae|Muridae]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Murinae|Murinae]]. The type species is ''A. aplini''.
|
|-
|
''Bustrania''<ref name=Bustrania>{{Cite journal|author1=Hans de Bruijn |author2=Zoran Marković |author3=Wilma Wessels |author4=Andrew A. van de Weerd |year=2018 |title=Pappocricetodontinae (Rodentia, Muridae) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=99 |issue= 3|pages= 511–526|doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0343-2 |s2cid=133944832 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bruijn ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Muroidea|Muroidea]] belonging to the subfamily Pappocricetodontinae. The type species is ''B. dissimile''.
|
|-
|
''Cardiatherium calingastaense''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Esperanza Cerdeño |author2=María E. Pérez |author3=Cecilia M. Deschamps |author4=Víctor H. Contreras |year=2019 |title=A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=199–212 |doi=10.4202/app.00544.2018 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/117299 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Cerdeño ''et al.''
|
Late Miocene
|
Las Flores Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A relative of the [[Biology:Capybara|capybara]]. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2019.
|
|-
|
''Cholamys''<ref name=Cholamys>{{Cite journal|author1=María Encarnación Pérez |author2=Michelle Arnal |author3=Myriam Boivin |author4=María Guiomar Vucetich |author5=Adriana Candela |author6=Felipe Busker |author7=Bernardino Mamani Quispe |year=2018 |title=New caviomorph rodents from the late Oligocene of Salla, Bolivia: taxonomic, chronological, and biogeographic implications for the Deseadan faunas of South America |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=821–847 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1471622 |s2cid=89662626 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pérez ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Deseadan|Deseadan]]
|
Salla beds
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A [[Biology:New World porcupine|New World porcupine]]. Genus includes new species ''C. tetralophodonta''.
|
|-
|
''Douglassciurus oaxacaensis''<ref name=Protozetamys />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Ferrusquia-Villafranca ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Yolomécatl Formation
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A sciurid rodent.
|
|-
|
''Eoincamys parvus''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs>{{Cite journal|author1=Myriam Boivin |author2=Laurent Marivaux |author3=François Pujos |author4=Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi |author5=Julia V. Tejada-Lara |author6=Rafael M. Varas-Malca |author7=Pierre-Olivier Antoine |year=2018 |title=Early Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Shapaja, Peruvian Amazonia |journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A |volume=311 |issue=1–6 |pages=87–156 |doi=10.1127/pala/2018/0075 |bibcode=2018PalAA.311...87B |s2cid=135082842 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321128377 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
Possibly a member of Chinchilloidea.
|
|-
|
''Eoincamys valverdei''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
Possibly a member of Chinchilloidea.
|
|-
|
''Eumyarion gordesensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Pablo Pelaez-Campomanes |author2=Fikret Göktaş |author3=Tanju Kaya |author4=Peter Joniak |author5=Melike Bilgin |author6=Serdar Mayda |author7=Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende |year=2018 |title=Gördes: a new early Miocene micromammal assemblage from western Anatolia |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=99 |issue= 4|pages= 639–653|doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0346-z |s2cid=134949723 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pelaez-Campomanes ''et al.''
|
Early Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Turkey}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Muridae|Muridae]].
|
|-
|
''Euroxenomys nanus''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Thomas Mörs |author2=Yukimitsu Tomida |year=2018 |title=''Euroxenomys nanus'' sp. nov., a minute beaver (Rodentia, Castoridae) from the Early Miocene of Japan |journal=Paleontological Research |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–149 |doi=10.2517/2017PR013 |s2cid=135123180 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Mörs & Tomida
|
Early Miocene
|
Nakamura Formation
|
{{Flag|Japan}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Castoridae|Castoridae]].
|
|-
|
''Gregorymys veloxikua''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo |author2=Rosalía Guerrero-Arenas |author3=Krister T. Smith |year=2018 |title=''Gregorymys veloxikua'', The Oldest Pocket Gopher (Rodentia: Geomyidae), and The Early Diversification of Geomyoidea |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=427–439 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9383-z |s2cid=207195992 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Jiménez-Hidalgo, Guerrero-Arenas & Smith
|
Eocene ([[Earth:Chadronian|Chadronian]])
|
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Geomyidae|Geomyidae]].
|
|-
|
''Karydomys strati''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Raquel López-Antoñanzas |author2=Pablo Peláez-Campomanes |author3=Jérôme Prieto |author4=Fabien Knoll |year=2018 |title=New species of ''Karydomys'' (Rodentia) from the Miocene of Chios Island (Greece) and phylogenetic relationships of this rare democricetodontine genus |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=33–45 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1224 |s2cid=134578075 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01920708/file/_system_appendPDF_proof_hi.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
López-Antoñanzas ''et al.''
|
Miocene
|
Keramia Formation
|
{{Flag|Greece}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Karydomys|Karydomys]]''.
|
|-
|
''Kichkasteiromys''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of Erethizontoidea. The type species is ''K. raimondii''.
|
|-
|
''Kraglievichimys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Franck Barbière |author2=Pablo E. Ortiz |author3=Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas |year=2018 |title=The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=368–384 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.74 |s2cid=135378126 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Barbière, Ortiz & Pardiñas
|
Pliocene
|
Monte Hermoso Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A [[Biology:Sigmodontinae|sigmodontine]] rodent; a new genus for ''"[[Biology:Auliscomys|Auliscomys]]" formosus'' Reig (1978).
|
|-
|
''Lapazomys''<ref name=Cholamys />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pérez ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Deseadan|Deseadan]]
|
Salla beds
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A [[Biology:Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] rodent related to the group Octodontoidea. Genus includes new species ''L. hartenbergeri''.
|
|-
|
''Leggadina irvini''<ref name=PeerJLeggadina>{{Cite journal|author1=Jonathan Cramb |author2=Gilbert J. Price |author3=Scott A. Hocknull |year=2018 |title=Short-tailed mice with a long fossil record: the genus ''Leggadina'' (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Quaternary of Queensland, Australia |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5639 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5639 |pmid=30258727 |pmc=6152458 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Cramb, Price & Hocknull
|
Age uncertain, likely Middle or Late Pleistocene
|
|
{{Flag|Australia}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Leggadina|Leggadina]]''.
|
|-
|
''Leggadina webbi''<ref name=PeerJLeggadina />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Cramb, Price & Hocknull
|
Middle Pleistocene
|
|
{{Flag|Australia}}
|
A species of ''[[Biology:Leggadina|Leggadina]]''.
|
|-
|
''Mayomys''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of Octodontoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''M. confluens''.
|
|-
|
''Microparamys solis''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mary R. Dawson |author2=Kurt N. Constenius |year=2018 |title=Mammalian fauna of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Middle Fork of the Flathead River, Montana |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=25–60 |doi=10.2992/007.085.0103 |s2cid=92205784 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Dawson & Constenius
|
Middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Kishenehn Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Montana}})
|
|
|-
|
''Migraveramus lavocati''<ref name=Cholamys />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pérez ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Deseadan|Deseadan]]
|
Salla beds
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A [[Biology:Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] rodent related to the group Octodontoidea.
|
|-
|
''Mogilia''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Wilma Wessels |author2=Andrew A. van de Weerd |author3=Hans de Bruijn |author4=Zoran Marković |year=2018 |title=New Melissiodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=471–487 |doi=10.1007/s12549-017-0311-2 |pmid=30956715 |pmc=6417381 |bibcode=2018PdPe...98..471W }}</ref>
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wessels ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] and early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Muridae|Muridae]] belonging to the subfamily Melissiodontinae. The type species is ''M. miloshi''; genus also includes ''M. lautus''.
|
|-
|
''Namaparamys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Pierre Mein |author2=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=Reithroparamyine rodent from the Eocene of Namibia |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=18 |pages=38–47 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/bd5_Mein%20and%20Pickford2018_Eocene%20rodents%20of%20Namibia.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Mein & Pickford
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]]/[[Earth:Lutetian|Lutetian]])
| [[Earth:Black Crow Limestone|Black Crow Limestone]]
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
Possibly a relative of ''Reithroparamys''. The type species is ''N. inexpectatus''.
|
|-
|
''Nannocricetus qiui''<ref name=Aepyocricetus />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Li ''et al.''
|
Pliocene
|
Zanda Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A [[Biology:Hamster|hamster]].
|
|-
|
''Neocavia pampeana''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=M. Carolina Madozzo-Jaén |author2=M. Encarnación Pérez |author3=Claudia I. Montalvo |author4=Rodrigo L. Tomassini |year=2018 |title=Systematic review of ''Neocavia'' from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=241–260 |doi=10.4202/app.00464.2018 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/81898 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Madozzo-Jaén ''et al.''
|
[[Biology:Huayquerian|Huayquerian]]
|
[[Earth:Cerro Azul Formation|Cerro Azul Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Caviinae|Caviinae]].
|
|-
|
''Orcemys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Robert A. Martin |author2=Alexey Tesakov |author3=Jordi Agustí |author4=Karla Johnston |year=2018 |title=''Orcemys'', a new genus of arvicolid rodent from the early Pleistocene of the Guadix–Baza Basin, southern Spain |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=4–5 |pages=310–319 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.006 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..310M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Martin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Spain}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Arvicolinae|Arvicolidae]]. Genus includes new species ''O. giberti''.
|
|-
|
''Paracricetodon gracilis''<ref name=PPParacricetodontinae>{{Cite journal|author1=Andrew A. van de Weerd |author2=Hans de Bruijn |author3=Zoran Marković |author4=Wilma Wessels |year=2018 |title=Paracricetodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene of south-east Serbia |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=489–508 |doi=10.1007/s12549-017-0317-9 |pmid=30956716 |pmc=6417380 |bibcode=2018PdPe...98..489V }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van de Weerd ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Muridae|Muridae]] belonging to the subfamily Paracricetodontinae.
|
|-
|
''Paracricetodon stojanovici''<ref name=PPParacricetodontinae />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van de Weerd ''et al.''
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] and early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Muridae|Muridae]] belonging to the subfamily Paracricetodontinae.
|
|-
|
''Pararhizomys huaxiaensis''<ref name=Pseudorhizomys>{{Cite book|author=Ban-Yue Wang |year=2018 |title=Late Miocene pararhizomyines from Linxia Basin of Gansu, China |journal=Palaeontologia Sinica |volume=200, New Series C31 |pages=1–174 |isbn=978-7030575128 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wang
|
Late Miocene
|
Linxia Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Spalacidae|Spalacidae]] belonging to the subfamily Tachyoryctoidinae and the tribe Pararhizomyini.
|
|-
|
''Pararhizomys longensis''<ref name=Pseudorhizomys />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wang
|
Late Miocene
|
Linxia Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Spalacidae|Spalacidae]] belonging to the subfamily Tachyoryctoidinae and the tribe Pararhizomyini.
|
|-
|
''Phenacomys europaeus''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Thijs van Kolfschoten |author2=Alexey S. Tesakov |author3=Christopher J. Bell |year=2018 |title=The first record of ''Phenacomys'' (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in Europe (early Pleistocene, Zuurland, The Netherlands) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=192 |pages=274–281 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.005 |bibcode=2018QSRv..192..274V |s2cid=135265006 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Van Kolfschoten, Tesakov & Bell
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] (Gelasian)
|
|
{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|
A [[Biology:Heather vole|heather vole]], the first known European member of the genus ''Phenacomys''.
|
|-
|
''Protosteiromys pattersoni''<ref name=Cholamys />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pérez ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Deseadan|Deseadan]]
|
Salla beds
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A [[Biology:New World porcupine|New World porcupine]].
|
|-
|
''Protozetamys''<ref name=Protozetamys>{{cite journal |author1=Ismael Ferrusquia-Villafranca |author2=Lawrence J. Flynn |author3=Jose E. Ruiz-Gonzalez |author4=Jose Ramon Torres-Hernandez |author5=Enrique Martinez-Hernandez |year=2018 |title=New Eocene rodents from Northwestern Oaxaca, Southeastern Mexico, and their paleobiological significance |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=e1514615 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1514615 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E4615F |s2cid=92107286 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Ferrusquia-Villafranca ''et al.''
|
Late middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Yolomécatl Formation
|
{{Flag|Mexico}}
|
A relative of ''Zetamys'', assigned to the new family Zetamyidae; a possible member of [[Biology:Caviomorpha|Caviomorpha]]. Genus includes new species ''P. mixtecus''.
|
|-
|
''Pseudorhizomys''<ref name=Pseudorhizomys />
|
Gen. et 4 sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wang
|
Late Miocene
|
Linxia Basin
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Spalacidae|Spalacidae]] belonging to the subfamily Tachyoryctoidinae and the tribe Pararhizomyini. Genus includes new species ''P. indigenus'', ''P. gansuensis'', ''P. planus'' and ''P. pristinus''.
|
|-
|
''Sallamys woodi''<ref name=Cholamys />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pérez ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Deseadan|Deseadan]]
|
Salla beds
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A [[Biology:Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] rodent related to the group Octodontoidea.
|
|-
|
''Selvamys''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of Octodontoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''S. paulus''.
|
|-
|
''Shapajamys''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of Erethizontoidea. The type species is ''S. labocensis''.
|
|-
|
''Simplomys hugi''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jérôme Prieto |author2=Xiao-Yu Lu |author3=Olivier Maridet |author4=Damien Becker |author5=Claudius Pirkenseer |author6=Gaëtan Rauber |author7=Pablo Peláez-Campomanes |year=2018 |title=New data on the Miocene dormouse ''Simplomys'' García-Paredes, 2009 from the peri-alpin basins of Switzerland and Germany: palaeodiversity of a rare genus in Central Europe |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=99 |issue= 3|pages= 527–543|doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0339-y |s2cid=134745607 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/327420/files/mar_ndm.pdf }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Prieto ''et al.''
|
Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|
A dormouse.
|
|-
|
''Tarapotomys''<ref name=PAAcaviomorphs />
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Boivin ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
Pozo Formation
|
{{Flag|Peru}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Caviomorpha|Caviomorpha]] of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''T. subandinus''; genus also includes ''T. mayoensis''.
|
|-
|
''Tsaukhaebmys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=New Zegdoumyidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene of Black Crow, Namibia : taxonomy, dental formula |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=18 |pages=48–63 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/57a_Pickford2018_Middle%20Eocene%20rodents%20from%20Black%20Crow,%20Sperrgebiet.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pickford
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]]/[[Earth:Lutetian|Lutetian]])
| [[Earth:Black Crow Limestone|Black Crow Limestone]]
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
A member of the family Zegdoumyidae. The type species is ''T. calcareus''.
|
|-
|
''Tufamys''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=Tufamyidae, a new family of hystricognath rodents from the Palaeogene and Neogene of the Sperrgebiet, Namibia |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=19 |pages=71–109 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/76c_GSN%20Comms%2019.%207.%20Pickford,%20Tufamys.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Pickford
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Bartonian|Bartonian]], possibly [[Earth:Priabonian|Priabonian]])
| Eocliff Limestone
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Hystricognathi|Hystricognathi]] belonging to the new family Tufamyidae. The type species is ''T. woodi''.
|
|-
|
''Vasseuromys tectus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Maxim V. Sinitsa |author2=Valentin A. Nesin |year=2018 |title=Systematics and phylogeny of ''Vasseuromys'' (Mammalia, Rodentia, Gliridae) with a description of a new species from the late Miocene of eastern Europe |journal=Palaeontology |volume=61 |issue=5 |pages=679–701 |doi=10.1111/pala.12359 |bibcode=2018Palgy..61..679S |s2cid=133844750 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324111635 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Sinitsa & Nesin
|
Late Miocene
|
|
{{Flag|Ukraine}}
|
A dormouse belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Leithiinae|Leithiinae]].
|
|-
|
''Witenia europea''<ref name=Bustrania />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bruijn ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Serbia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Muroidea|Muroidea]] belonging to the subfamily Pappocricetodontinae.
|
|-
|}

===Primates===
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of the [[Medicine:Nasolacrimal canal|nasolacrimal canal]] and [[Medicine:Nasolacrimal duct|duct]] in extant and [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]] [[Biology:Strepsirrhini|strepsirrhines]] and [[Biology:Haplorhini|haplorhines]], and on its implications for inferring the phylogenetic relationships of Paleogene primates, is published by Rossie ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=James B. Rossie |author2=Timothy D. Smith |author3=K. Christopher Beard |author4=Marc Godinot |author5=Timothy B. Rowe |year=2018 |title=Nasolacrimal anatomy and haplorhine origins |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=114 |pages=176–183 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.11.004 |pmid=29447758 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Biology:Propotto|Propotto]] leakeyi'' is published by Gunnell ''et al.'' (2018), who support [[Biography:George Gaylord Simpson|George Simpson's]] original interpretation of this species as a [[Biology:Strepsirrhini|strepsirrhine]] [[Biology:Primate|primate]], and consider both ''P. leakeyi'' and ''[[Biology:Plesiopithecus|Plesiopithecus]] teras'' to be relatives of the [[Biology:Aye-aye|aye-aye]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gregg F. Gunnell |author2=Doug M. Boyer |author3=Anthony R. Friscia |author4=Steven Heritage |author5=Fredrick Kyalo Manthi |author6=Ellen R. Miller |author7=Hesham M. Sallam |author8=Nancy B. Simmons |author9=Nancy J. Stevens |author10=Erik R. Seiffert |year=2018 |title=Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 3193 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w |pmid=30131571 |pmc=6104046 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.3193G }}</ref>
* A study on reconstructing the jaw muscles and bite force of subfossil lemurs from {{wipe|Madagascar}}, as well as on their implications for inferring the diet of these lemurs, is published by Perry (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan M. G. Perry |year=2018 |title=Inferring the diets of extinct giant lemurs from osteological correlates of muscle dimensions |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=301 |issue=2 |pages=343–362 |doi=10.1002/ar.23719 |pmid=29330948 |s2cid=3678489 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the early evolution of North American [[Biology:Adapidae|adapids]] and [[Biology:Omomyidae|omomyids]], comparing reconstructed dietary niches of these primates and other animals from their [[Earth:Guild (ecology)|guild]] to establish the nature of the competitive environment surrounding primate origins in North America, is published by Stroik & Schwartz (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Laura K. Stroik |author2=Gary T. Schwartz |year=2018 |title=The role of dietary competition in the origination and early diversification of North American euprimates |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1884 |pages=20181230 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1230 |pmid=30068683 |pmc=6111171 }}</ref>
* Description of isolated [[Biology:Phalanx bone|phalanges]] from four early [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] localities in Wyoming ({{wipe|United States}}), indicative of presence of grooming claws in five genera of early [[Biology:Haplorhini|haplorhine]] primates (including ''[[Biology:Teilhardina|Teilhardina]]''), is published by Boyer ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Doug M. Boyer |author2=Stephanie A. Maiolino |author3=Patricia A. Holroyd |author4=Paul E. Morse |author5=Jonathan I. Bloch |year=2018 |title=Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010 |pmid=29935935 |s2cid=49412836 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study evaluating whether the locomotor behaviour of extant New World monkeys can be inferred from their [[Biology:Talus bone|talus]] [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]], and applying [[Machine learning|machine learning]] algorithms trained using both the biomechanical and morphometric data from the extant taxa to infer the possible locomotor behaviour of Miocene New World monkeys from {{wipe|Argentina}}, {{wipe|Chile}}, Peru, Colombia and Cuba, is published by Püschel ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thomas A. Püschel |author2=Jordi Marcé-Nogué |author3=Justin T. Gladman |author4=René Bobe |author5=William I. Sellers |year=2018 |title=Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeys using finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology |journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface |volume=15 |issue=146 |pages=20180520 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2018.0520 |pmid=30257926 |pmc=6170775 }}</ref>
* Partial mandible of ''[[Biology:Homunculus patagonicus|Homunculus patagonicus]]'' from the early Miocene sediments in the Coyle river area ([[Place:Santa Cruz Province, Argentina|Santa Cruz Province, Argentina]]), providing new information on the morphology of the mandible and teeth of ''Homunculus'', and two teeth of ''Mazzonicebus almendrae'' from Colhue-Huapi ([[Place:Chubut Province|Chubut Province]], {{wipe|Argentina}}), providing the first evidence of the deciduous dentition of ''Mazzonicebus'', are described by Novo, Tejedor & González Ruiz (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Nelson M. Novo |author2=Marcelo F. Tejedor |author3=Laureano Raúl González Ruiz |year=2018 |title=Previously unknown fossil platyrrhines (Primates) of Patagonia from the Tournouër collection at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=40 |issue=22 |pages=529–535 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a22 |s2cid=134259445 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/22 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationship of the [[Biology:Jamaican monkey|Jamaican monkey]] (''Xenothrix mcgregori''), as indicated by [[Biology:Ancient DNA|ancient DNA]] data, is published by Woods ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Roseina Woods |author2=Samuel T. Turvey |author3=Selina Brace |author4=Ross D. E. MacPhee |author5=Ian Barnes |year=2018 |title=Ancient DNA of the extinct Jamaican monkey ''Xenothrix'' reveals extreme insular change within a morphologically conservative radiation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=50 |pages=12769–12774 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1808603115 |pmid=30420497 |pmc=6294883 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11512769W |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A [[Biology:Tibia|tibia]] of a large-bodied arboreally adapted Old World monkey (a member or a relative of the genus ''[[Biology:Rhinocolobus|Rhinocolobus]]'') is described from the ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''-bearing Upper Laetolil Beds (~3.7 Ma) of Laetoli (Tanzania) by Laird ''et al.'' (2018), who also study the implications of the specimen for inferring the paleoenvironment of the Upper Laetolil Beds.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Myra F. Laird |author2=Elaine E. Kozma |author3=Amandus Kwekason |author4=Terry Harrison |year=2018 |title=A new fossil cercopithecid tibia from Laetoli and its implications for positional behavior and paleoecology |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=118 |pages=27–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.005 |pmid=29606201 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A skull of a large [[Biology:Papionini|papionin]] monkey is described from the Lower Pleistocene site of Dafnero-3 (Greece) by Kostopoulos ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret the anatomy of this skull as indicating that the specimen could equally be ascribed to either the Eurasian genus ''[[Biology:Paradolichopithecus|Paradolichopithecus]]'' or to the East Asian ''Procynocephalus'', and argue in favor of the synonymy of these genera.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dimitris S. Kostopoulos |author2=Franck Guy |author3=Zoi Kynigopoulou |author4=George D. Koufos |author5=Xavier Valentin |author6=Gildas Merceron |year=2018 |title=A 2Ma old baboon-like monkey from Northern Greece and new evidence to support the ''Paradolichopithecus'' – ''Procynocephalus'' synonymy (Primates: Cercopithecidae) |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=178–192 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.012 |pmid=29779686 |s2cid=29167579 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil African papionins is published by Pugh & Gilbert (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kelsey D. Pugh |author2=Christopher C. Gilbert |year=2018 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil African papionins: Combined evidence from morphology and molecules |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=123 |pages=35–51 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.002 |pmid=30057325 |s2cid=51866405 |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1690&context=hc_pubs }}</ref>
* A study on the fossil members of the genus ''[[Biology:Baboon|Papio]]'' from across Africa, focusing on their distinguishing features and distribution, is published by Gilbert ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christopher C. Gilbert |author2=Stephen R. Frost |author3=Kelsey D. Pugh |author4=Monya Anderson |author5=Eric Delson |year=2018 |title=Evolution of the modern baboon (''Papio hamadryas''): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=38–69 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.012 |pmid=29954592 |s2cid=49597411 |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1470&context=hc_pubs |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the feeding ecology of Plio-Pleistocene members of the genera ''Papio'' and ''[[Biology:Theropithecus|Theropithecus]]'' from the [[Earth:Shungura Formation|Shungura Formation]] (Ethiopia) is published by Martin ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Florian Martin |author2=Chris-Alexander Plastiras |author3=Gildas Merceron |author4=Antoine Souron |author5=Jean-Renaud Boisserie |year=2018 |title=Dietary niches of terrestrial cercopithecines from the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: evidence from Dental Microwear Texture Analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 14052 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-32092-z |pmid=30232366 |pmc=6145942 |bibcode=2018NatSR...814052M }}</ref>
* Three specimens of the [[Biology:Barbary macaque|Barbary macaque]] are described from the Pleistocene of the Netherlands by Reumer, Mol & Kahlke (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jelle W.F. Reumer |author2=Dick Mol |author3=Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke |year=2018 |title=First finds of Pleistocene ''Macaca sylvanus'' (Cercopithecidae, Primates) from the North Sea |journal=Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=555–560 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330753380 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating whether climatic and environmental changes were the main cause of extinction of ''[[Biology:Oreopithecus|Oreopithecus]] bambolii'' is published by DeMiguel & Rook (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Daniel DeMiguel |author2=Lorenzo Rook |year=2018 |title=Understanding climate's influence on the extinction of ''Oreopithecus'' (late Miocene, Tusco-Sardinian paleobioprovince, Italy) |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=116 |pages=14–26 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.11.008 |pmid=29477179 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the body mass [[Biology:Sexual dimorphism|sexual dimorphism]] in ''[[Biology:Nacholapithecus|Nacholapithecus]] kerioi'' is published by Kikuchi ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yasuhiro Kikuchi |author2=Masato Nakatsukasa |author3=Hiroshi Tsujikawa |author4=Yoshihiko Nakano |author5=Yutaka Kunimatsu |author6=Naomichi Ogihara |author7=Daisuke Shimizu |author8=Tomo Takano |author9=Hideo Nakaya |author10=Yoshihiro Sawada |author11=Hidemi Ishida |year=2018 |title=Sexual dimorphism of body size in an African fossil ape, ''Nacholapithecus kerioi'' |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=123 |pages=129–140 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.003 |pmid=30119896 |s2cid=206143098 }}</ref>
* Description of the anatomy of the forelimb [[Biology:Long bone|long bone]]s of the [[Biology:Holotype|holotype]] specimen of ''Nacholapithecus kerioi'' is published by Takano ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tomo Takano |author2=Masato Nakatsukasa |author3=Yutaka Kunimatsu |author4=Yoshihiko Nakano |author5=Naomichi Ogihara |author6=Hidemi Ishida |year=2018 |title=Forelimb long bones of ''Nacholapithecus'' (KNM-BG 35250) from the middle Miocene in Nachola, northern Kenya |journal=Anthropological Science |volume=126 |issue=3 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1537/ase.181022 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Fragment of the [[Biology:Maxilla|maxilla]] of a member of the genus ''[[Biology:Sivapithecus|Sivapithecus]]'' is described from the Miocene of the Tapar locality (Gujarat, {{wipe|India}}) by Bhandari ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first record of a [[Biology:Ape|hominoid]] from the [[Earth:Neogene|Neogene]] of the Kutch Basin.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ansuya Bhandari |author2=Richard F. Kay |author3=Blythe A. Williams |author4=Brahma Nand Tiwari |author5=Sunil Bajpai |author6=Tobin Hieronymus |year=2018 |title=First record of the Miocene hominoid ''Sivapithecus'' from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0206314 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0206314 |pmid=30427876 |pmc=6235281 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1306314B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A review of the paleontological, archeological, genetic and behavioral evidence of the impact of at least 70,000 years of human influence on [[Biology:Orangutan|orangutan]] distribution, abundance and ecology is published by Spehar ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Stephanie N. Spehar |author2=Douglas Sheil |author3=Terry Harrison |author4=Julien Louys |author5=Marc Ancrenaz |author6=Andrew J. Marshall |author7=Serge A. Wich |author8=Michael W. Bruford |author9=Erik Meijaard |year=2018 |title=Orangutans venture out of the rainforest and into the Anthropocene |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=e1701422 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1701422 |pmid=29963619 |pmc=6021148 |bibcode= 2018SciA....4.1422S}}</ref>
* Description of [[Medicine:Tooth decay|tooth decay]] affecting the type specimen of ''[[Biology:Dryopithecus|Dryopithecus]] carinthiacus'', and a study on its implications for inferring the diet of this specimen, is published by Fuss, Uhlig & Böhme (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jochen Fuss |author2=Gregor Uhlig |author3=Madelaine Böhme |year=2018 |title=Earliest evidence of caries lesion in hominids reveal sugar-rich diet for a Middle Miocene dryopithecine from Europe |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=e0203307 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0203307 |pmid=30161214 |pmc=6117023 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1303307F |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Biology:Graecopithecus|Graecopithecus]]'' published by Benoit & Thackeray (2017), aiming to refute the hypothesis that ''Graecopithecus'' is a member of the hominin clade,<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Julien Benoit |author2=Francis J. Thackeray |year=2017 |title=A cladistic analysis of ''Graecopithecus'' |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=113 |issue=11/12 |pages=#a0238 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2017/a0238 |doi-access=free }}</ref> is criticized by Fuss ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jochen Fuss |author2=Nikolai Spassov |author3=Madelaine Böhme |author4=David R. Begun |year=2018 |title=Response to Benoit and Thackeray (2017): "A cladistic analysis of ''Graecopithecus''" |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=114 |issue=5/6 |pages=11–12 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2018/a0267 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study evaluating whether machine learning methods can accurately classify extant apes based on dental data, and using this classification method to explore the affinities between dentitions of Miocene hominoid fossils and living apes, is published by Monson, Armitage & Hlusko (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Tesla A. Monson |author2=David W. Armitage |author3=Leslea J. Hlusko |year=2018 |title=Using machine learning to classify extant apes and interpret the dental morphology of the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor |journal=PaleoBios |volume=35 |pages=ucmp_paleobios_40776 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84d1304f }}</ref>
* A study on the utility of [[Biology:Tooth enamel|enamel]] thickness, enamel-[[Biology:Dentin|dentin]]e junction shape and [[Medicine:Crown (tooth)|crown]] development for determining the taxonomic affiliation of isolated teeth of hominins and [[Biology:Ponginae|pongines]] from the Asian [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] is published by Smith ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tanya M. Smith |author2=Alexandra Houssaye |author3=Ottmar Kullmer |author4=Adeline Le Cabec |author5=Anthony J. Olejniczak |author6=Friedemann Schrenk |author7=John de Vos |author8=Paul Tafforeau |year=2018 |title=Disentangling isolated dental remains of Asian Pleistocene hominins and pongines |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0204737 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0204737 |pmid=30383758 |pmc=6211657 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1304737S |doi-access=free }}</ref>

====General paleoanthropology====
* Estimations of body mass in Pliocene and [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] hominins based on lower limb bones dimensions are presented by Ruff ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christopher B. Ruff |author2=M. Loring Burgess |author3=Nicole Squyres |author4=Juho-Antti Junno |author5=Erik Trinkaus |year=2018 |title=Lower limb articular scaling and body mass estimation in Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=115 |pages=85–111 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.014 |pmid=29331230 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of the brain size in hominins is published by Du ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Andrew Du |author2=Andrew M. Zipkin |author3=Kevin G. Hatala |author4=Elizabeth Renner |author5=Jennifer L. Baker |author6=Serena Bianchi |author7=Kallista H. Bernal |author8=Bernard A. Wood |year=2018 |title=Pattern and process in hominin brain size evolution are scale-dependent |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1873 |pages=20172738 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2738 |pmid=29467267 |pmc=5832710 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of the mandible shape in hominins, based on an analysis of the mandibular shape variation in a large sample of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|plesiadapiforms]] and primates, is published by Raia ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=P. Raia |author2=M. Boggioni |author3=F. Carotenuto |author4=S. Castiglione |author5=M. Di Febbraro |author6=F. Di Vincenzo |author7=M. Melchionna |author8=A. Mondanaro |author9=A. Papini |author10=A. Profico |author11=C. Serio |author12=A. Veneziano |author13=V. A. Vero |author14=L. Rook |author15=C. Meloro |author16=G. Manzi |year=2018 |title=Unexpectedly rapid evolution of mandibular shape in hominins |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 7340  |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-25309-8 |pmid=29743608 |pmc=5943523 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.7340R }}</ref>
* A study on the cervical kinematics in early fossil hominins, based on an analysis of uncinate processes in the vertebrae of fossil hominins, ''Homo sapiens'' and extant nonhuman primates, is published by Meyer ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marc R. Meyer |author2=Charles Woodward |author3=Amy Tims |author4=Markus Bastir |year=2018 |title=Neck function in early hominins and suspensory primates: Insights from the uncinate process |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=166 |issue=3 |pages=613–637 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23448 |pmid=29492962 }}</ref>
* A study on the intra-specific variation of patterns of metatarsal robusticity (a measure reflecting habitual stresses in [[Biology:Long bone|long bone]]s, and in particular, loads experienced over an animal's lifetime) in modern humans and extant African apes, and its implications for inferring whether the Olduvai Hominid 8 foot was biomechanically similar to the feet of modern humans, is published by Patel ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Biren A. Patel |author2=Tea Jashashvili |author3=Stephanie H. Bui |author4=Kristian J. Carlson |author5=Nicole L. Griffin |author6=Ian J. Wallace |author7=Caley M. Orr |author8=Randall L. Susman |year=2018 |title=Inter-ray variation in metatarsal strength properties in humans and African apes: Implications for inferring bipedal biomechanics in the Olduvai Hominid 8 foot |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=147–165 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.013 |pmid=29764690 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the bony shape variables in the metatarsals of extant [[Biology:Simian|anthropoid]] primates and fossil hominins, and on their importance to the evolution of terrestrial [[Bipedalism|bipedalism]] in hominins, is published by Fernández ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Peter J. Fernández |author2=Carrie S. Mongle |author3=Louise Leakey |author4=Daniel J. Proctor |author5=Caley M. Orr |author6=Biren A. Patel |author7=Sergio Almécija |author8=Matthew W. Tocheri |author9=William L. Jungers |year=2018 |title=Evolution and function of the hominin forefoot |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=35 |pages=8746–8751 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1800818115 |pmid=30104373 |pmc=6126759 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8746F |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Domínguez-Rodrigo & Baquedano (2018) evaluate the ability of successful machine learning methods to compare and distinguish various types of bone surface modifications (trampling marks, crocodile bite marks and cut marks made with stone tools) in archaeofaunal assemblages.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo |author2=Enrique Baquedano |year=2018 |title=Distinguishing butchery cut marks from crocodile bite marks through machine learning methods |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 5786 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-24071-1 |pmid=29636550 |pmc=5893542 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.5786D }}</ref>
* [[Earth:Taphonomy|Taphonomic]] study on the ca. 1.84 million year old [[Biology:Bovidae|bovid]] fossils (preserving evidence of meat eating by early hominins) from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), evaluating whether hominins had early access to fleshed carcasses through hunting or active scavenging, or late access to largely defleshed carcasses through passive scavenging, is published by Parkinson (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jennifer A. Parkinson |year=2018 |title=Revisiting the hunting-versus-scavenging debate at FLK Zinj: A GIS spatial analysis of bone surface modifications produced by hominins and carnivores in the FLK 22 assemblage, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=511 |pages=29–51 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.044 |bibcode=2018PPP...511...29P |s2cid=135446336 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* The study published by Gierliński ''et al.'' (2017), reporting [[Biology:Trachilos footprints|putative tetrapod footprints with hominin-like characteristics]] from the late Miocene of Crete (Greece),<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Gerard D. Gierliński |author2=Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki |author3=Martin G. Lockley |author4=Athanassios Athanassiou |author5=Charalampos Fassoulas |author6=Zofia Dubicka |author7=Andrzej Boczarowski |author8=Matthew R. Bennett |author9=Per Erik Ahlberg |year=2017 |title=Possible hominin footprints from the late Miocene (c. 5.7 Ma) of Crete? |journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association |volume=128 |issue=5–6 |pages=697–710 |doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.07.006 |bibcode=2017PrGA..128..697G |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.12128/3647 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> is criticized by [[Biography:Jeffrey Meldrum|Meldrum]] & [[Biography:Esteban Sarmiento|Sarmiento]] (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jeff Meldrum |author2=Esteban Sarmiento |year=2018 |title=Comments on possible Miocene hominin footprints |journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association |volume=129 |issue=4 |pages=577–580 |doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.05.006 |bibcode=2018PrGA..129..577M |s2cid=134963777 }}</ref>
* A study aiming to estimate body mass of ''[[Biology:Orrorin|Orrorin]] tugenensis'' and ''[[Biology:Ardipithecus|Ardipithecus]] ramidus'' is published by Grabowski, Hatala & Jungers (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mark Grabowski |author2=Kevin G. Hatala |author3=William L. Jungers |year=2018 |title=Body mass estimates of the earliest possible hominins and implications for the last common ancestor |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=84–92 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.001 |pmid=29910044 |s2cid=49271477 |url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/11443/1/Grabowski%2C%202018-Body%20mass%20estimates%20of%20the%20earliest%20possible%20hominins%20and%20implications%20for%20the%20last%20common%20ancestor.pdf }}</ref>
* A study comparing the [[Biology:Calcar|calcar femorale]] of ''Orrorin tugenensis'' and other [[Biology:Ape|hominoids]] is published by Kuperavage ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''O. tugenensis'' was an early bipedal hominin.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Adam Kuperavage |author2=David Pokrajac |author3=Sakdapong Chavanaves |author4=Robert B. Eckhardt |year=2018 |title=Earliest known hominin calcar femorale in ''Orrorin tugenensis'' provides further internal anatomical evidence for origin of human bipedal locomotion |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=301 |issue=11 |pages=1834–1839 |doi=10.1002/ar.23939 |pmid=30338643 |s2cid=53011326 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the hydrological changes in the Limpopo River [[Earth:Drainage basin|catchment]] and in sea surface temperature in the southwestern [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] for the past 2.14 million years, and on their implications for inferring the palaeoclimatic changes in southeastern Africa in this time period and their possible impact on the evolution of early hominins, is published by Caley ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thibaut Caley |author2=Thomas Extier |author3=James A. Collins |author4=Enno Schefuß |author5=Lydie Dupont |author6=Bruno Malaizé |author7=Linda Rossignol |author8=Antoine Souron |author9=Erin L. McClymont |author10=Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo |author11=Carmen García-Comas |author12=Frédérique Eynaud |author13=Philippe Martinez |author14=Didier M. Roche |author15=Stephan J. Jorry |author16=Karine Charlier |author17=Mélanie Wary |author18=Pierre-Yves Gourves |author19=Isabelle Billy |author20=Jacques Giraudeau |year=2018 |title=A two-million-year-long hydroclimatic context for hominin evolution in southeastern Africa |journal=Nature |volume=560 |issue=7716 |pages=76–79 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0309-6 |pmid=29988081 |bibcode=2018Natur.560...76C |s2cid=49668495 |url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/24690/1/24690.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the behavioral features which might have contributed to the demographic success of early hominids such as ''[[Biology:Australopithecus|Australopithecus]]'', based on comparison with macaques, is published by Meindl, Chaney & Lovejoy (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Richard S. Meindl |author2=Morgan E. Chaney |author3=C. Owen Lovejoy |year=2018 |title=Early hominids may have been weed species |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1244–1249 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1719669115 |pmid=29358388 |pmc=5819451 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.1244M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diversity dynamics of early hominins, evaluating whether the observed patterns of early hominin diversity can be better explained by sampling biases or genuine evolutionary processes, is published by Maxwell ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Simon J. Maxwell |author2=Philip J. Hopley |author3=Paul Upchurch |author4=Christophe Soligo |year=2018 |title=Sporadic sampling, not climatic forcing, drives observed early hominin diversity |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=19 |pages=4891–4896 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721538115 |pmid=29686074 |pmc=5948983 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4891M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Pelvis|pelvic]] [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] in ''[[Biology:Ardipithecus|Ardipithecus]]'' and ''Australopithecus'', evaluating the hypothesis that early hominins retained ischial proportions and orientation that favored greater force production during climbing but limited their ability to hyperextend the hip and walk as economically as modern humans, is published by Kozma ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Elaine E. Kozma |author2=Nicole M. Webb |author3=William E. H. Harcourt-Smith |author4=David A. Raichlen |author5=Kristiaan D'Août |author6=Mary H. Brown |author7=Emma M. Finestone |author8=Stephen R. Ross |author9=Peter Aerts |author10=Herman Pontzer |year=2018 |title=Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=16 |pages=4134–4139 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1715120115 |pmid=29610309 |pmc=5910817 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4134K |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Medicine:Endocranium|Endocrania]] of two specimens of ''[[Biology:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]'' from [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]] Member 4 ({{wipe|South Africa}}) are virtually reconstructed by Beaudet ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Amélie Beaudet |author2=Jean Dumoncel |author3=Frikkie de Beer |author4=Stanley Durrleman |author5=Emmanuel Gilissen |author6=Anna Oettlé |author7=Gérard Subsol |author8=John Francis Thackeray |author9=José Braga |year=2018 |title=The endocranial shape of ''Australopithecus africanus'': surface analysis of the endocasts of Sts 5 and Sts 60 |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=232 |issue=2 |pages=296–303 |doi=10.1111/joa.12745 |pmid=29148040 |pmc=5770328 |hdl=2263/63900 }}</ref>
* A study on the paleoenvironment and diet of ''Australopithecus africanus'' and ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]'' as indicated by tooth microwear is published by Peterson ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alexandria Peterson |author2=Elicia F. Abella |author3=Frederick E. Grine |author4=Mark F. Teaford |author5=Peter S. Ungar |year=2018 |title=Microwear textures of ''Australopithecus africanus'' and ''Paranthropus robustus'' molars in relation to paleoenvironment and diet |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=119 |pages=42–63 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.004 |pmid=29685753 |s2cid=206143068 |url=https://touroscholar.touro.edu/tuccom_pubs/105 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the relationship between root splay and overall morphology of first [[Biology:Maxilla|maxilla]]ry molars and jaw kinematics in South African ''Australopithecus africanus'' and ''Paranthropus robustus'', and on its implications for inferring the dietary niches of these species, is published by Kupczik, Toro-Ibacache & Macho (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kornelius Kupczik |author2=Viviana Toro-Ibacache |author3=Gabriele A. Macho |year=2018 |title=On the relationship between maxillary molar root shape and jaw kinematics in ''Australopithecus africanus'' and ''Paranthropus robustus'' |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=180825 |doi=10.1098/rsos.180825 |pmid=30225074 |pmc=6124107 |bibcode=2018RSOS....580825K }}</ref>
* A study on the variation in trabecular bone structure of the [[Biology:Femur|femoral]] head in fossil hominins attributed to the species ''Australopithecus africanus'', ''Paranthropus robustus'' and to the genus ''[[Biology:Homo|Homo]]'', attempting to reconstruct hip joint loading conditions in these fossil hominins, is published by Ryan ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Timothy M. Ryan |author2=Kristian J. Carlson |author3=Adam D. Gordon |author4=Nina Jablonski |author5=Colin N. Shaw |author6=Jay T. Stock |year=2018 |title=Human-like hip joint loading in ''Australopithecus africanus'' and ''Paranthropus robustus'' |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=12–24 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.008 |pmid=29706230 |s2cid=14060188 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277557 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the habitats and diets of ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]'' and ''[[Biology:Homo rudolfensis|Homo rudolfensis]]'' from the Early Pleistocene of the Malawi Rift is published by Lüdecke ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Tina Lüdecke |author2=Ottmar Kullmer |author3=Ulrike Wacker |author4=Oliver Sandrock |author5=Jens Fiebig |author6=Friedemann Schrenk |author7=Andreas Mulch |year=2018 |title=Dietary versatility of Early Pleistocene hominins |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=52 |pages=13330–13335 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1809439115 |pmid=30530680 |pmc=6310814 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11513330L |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Physics:Isotopes of strontium|strontium isotope]] data derived from three studies of teeth of ''Paranthropus robustus'', and on its implications for inferring habitat, mobility and growth of this species, is published by Sillen & Balter (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Andrew Sillen |author2=Vincent Balter |year=2018 |title=Strontium isotopic aspects of ''Paranthropus robustus'' teeth; implications for habitat, residence, and growth |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=114 |pages=118–130 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.009 |pmid=29447754 }}</ref>
* The skull of 'Mrs. Ples' (Sts 5 specimen of ''Australopithecus africanus'') is interpreted as a skull of a small male rather than a large female individual by Tawane & Thackeray (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Gaokgatlhe M. Tawane |author2=J. Francis Thackeray |year=2018 |title=The cranium of Sts 5 ('Mrs Ples') in relation to sexual dimorphism of ''Australopithecus africanus'' |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=114 |issue=1/2 |pages=13–16 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2018/a0249 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the variation in the structure of trabecular bone and joint loading in the humeral head of extant [[Biology:Ape|hominoids]], [[Biology:Spider monkey|spider monkey]]s and ''Australopithecus africanus'' is published by Kivell ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''A. africanus'' may have still used its forelimbs for arboreal locomotion.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tracy L. Kivell |author2=Rebecca Davenport |author3=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author4=J. Francis Thackeray |author5=Matthew M. Skinner |year=2018 |title=Trabecular architecture and joint loading of the proximal humerus in extant hominoids, ''Ateles'', and ''Australopithecus africanus'' |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=167 |issue=2 |pages=348–365 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23635 |pmid=30129074 |s2cid=52046768 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67189/1/Kivell%20et%20al.%20humerus%20trabeculae_final_accepted.pdf }}</ref>
* Description of a nearly complete, 3.32-million-year-old foot of a juvenile ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]'' from Dikika (Ethiopia) is published by DeSilva ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jeremy M. DeSilva |author2=Corey M. Gill |author3=Thomas C. Prang |author4=Miriam A. Bredella |author5=Zeresenay Alemseged |year=2018 |title=A nearly complete foot from Dikika, Ethiopia and its implications for the ontogeny and function of ''Australopithecus afarensis'' |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=eaar7723 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar7723 |pmid=29978043 |pmc=6031372 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.7723D }}</ref>
* A study on the possible date of the first appearance of ''[[Biology:Australopithecus sediba|Australopithecus sediba]]'' as indicated by the average hominin species' temporal range is published by Robinson ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Chris Robinson |author2=Timothy L. Campbell |author3=Susanne Cote |author4=Darryl J. de Ruiter |year=2018 |title=Temporal ranges and ancestry in the hominin fossil record: The case of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=114 |issue=3/4 |pages=92–98 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2018/20170327 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Studies on the anatomy of the skeleton of ''Australopithecus sediba'' are published by De Ruiter ''et al.'' (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Darryl J. De Ruiter |author2=Keely B. Carlson |author3=Juliet K. Brophy |author4=Steven E. Churchill |author5=Kristian J. Carlson |author6=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The skull of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=56–155 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART112 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180056.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> Williams ''et al.'' (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Scott A. Williams |author2=Marc R. Meyer |author3=Sahed Nalla |author4=Daniel García-Martínez |author5=Theirra K. Nalley |author6=Jennifer Eyre |author7=Thomas C. Prang |author8=Markus Bastir |author9=Peter Schmid |author10=Steven E. Churchill |author11=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The vertebrae, ribs, and sternum of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=156–233 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART113 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180156.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> Churchill ''et al.'' (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Steven E. Churchill |author2=David J. Green |author3=Elen M. Feuerriegel |author4=Marisa E. Macias |author5=Sandra Matthews |author6=Kristian J. Carlson |author7=Peter Schmid |author8=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The shoulder, arm, and forearm of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=234–281 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART114 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180234.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> Kivell ''et al.'' (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tracey L. Kivell |author2=Steven E. Churchill |author3=Job M. Kibii |author4=Peter Schmid |author5=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The hand of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=282–333 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART115 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180282.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> Churchill ''et al.'' (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Steven E. Churchill |author2=Job M. Kibii |author3=Peter Schmid |author4=Nichelle D. Reed |author5=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The pelvis of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=334–356 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART116 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180334.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> DeSilva ''et al.'' (2018)<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jeremy M. DeSilva |author2=Kristian J. Carlson |author3=Alexander G. Claxton |author4=William E.H. Harcourt-Smith |author5=Ellison J. McNutt |author6=Adam D. Sylvester |author7=Christopher S. Walker |author8=Bernhard Zipfel |author9=Steven E. Churchill |author10=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=The anatomy of the lower limb skeleton of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=357–405 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART117 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180357.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref> and Holliday ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Trenton W. Holliday |author2=Steven E. Churchill |author3=Kristian J. Carlson |author4=Jeremy M. DeSilva |author5=Peter Schmid |author6=Christopher S. Walker |author7=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=Body size and proportions of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=406–422 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART118 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180406.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>
* A digital animation of the proposed walking mechanics of ''Australopithecus sediba'' is presented by Zhang & DeSilva (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Amey Y. Zhang |author2=Jeremy M. DeSilva |year=2018 |title=Computer animation of the walking mechanics of ''Australopithecus sediba'' |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=423–432 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART119 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180423.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>
* A study on the linear marks observed on the [[Biology:Homo gautengensis|hominin fossil Stw53]] from the [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]] cave site ({{wipe|South Africa}}), evaluating whether these marks were cutmarks inflicted by stone tools or non-anthropic modifications, is published by Hanon, Péan & Prat (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=R. Hanon |author2=S. Péan |author3=S. Prat |year=2018 |title=Reassessment of anthropic modifications on the Early Pleistocene hominin specimen Stw53 (Sterkfontein, South Africa) |journal=Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris |volume=30 |issue=1–2 |pages=49–58 |doi=10.3166/bmsap-2018-0013 |s2cid=90208809 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02196934/file/HanonPeanPrat2018-Stw53%20%281%29.pdf }}</ref>
* New artifacts are described from the Swartkrans cave (South Africa) by Kuman ''et al.'' (2018), who confirm the affinity of the Swartkrans artifacts with the [[History:Oldowan|Oldowan]] industrial complex.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kathleen Kuman |author2=Morris B. Sutton |author3=Travis Rayne Pickering |author4=Jason L.Heaton |year=2018 |title=The Oldowan industry from Swartkrans cave, South Africa, and its relevance for the African Oldowan |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=123 |pages=52–69 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.004 |pmid=30097184 |s2cid=51957279 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Oldowan stone tools and associated hominin-modified fossil bones are reported from strata estimated to ≈2.4 and ≈1.9 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]] from two deposits at Ain Boucherit (Algeria) by Sahnouni ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mohamed Sahnouni |author2=Josep M. Parés |author3=Mathieu Duval |author4=Isabel Cáceres |author5=Zoheir Harichane |author6=Jan van der Made |author7=Alfredo Pérez-González |author8=Salah Abdessadok |author9=Nadia Kandi |author10=Abdelkader Derradji |author11=Mohamed Medig |author12=Kamel Boulaghraif |author13=Sileshi Semaw |year=2018 |title=1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6420 |pages=1297–1301 |doi=10.1126/science.aau0008 |pmid=30498166 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.1297S |s2cid=54166305 |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/383164 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Biology:Pelvis|Pelvic]] remains of ''[[Biology:Homo naledi|Homo naledi]]'' from the Dinaledi Chamber in the [[Earth:Rising Star Cave|Rising Star Cave]] system ([[History:Cradle of Humankind|Cradle of Humankind]], {{wipe|South Africa}}) are described by VanSickle ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Caroline VanSickle |author2=Zachary Cofran |author3=Daniel García-Martínez |author4=Scott A. Williams |author5=Steven E. Churchill |author6=Lee R. Berger |author7=John Hawks |year=2018 |title=''Homo naledi'' pelvic remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=125 |pages=122–136 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.001 |pmid=29169681 |s2cid=2909448 }}</ref>
* A study on the minimum number of individuals and on a demographic profile of the assemblage of ''Homo naledi'' individuals in the Dinaledi Chamber ([[Earth:Rising Star Cave|Rising Star Cave]] system, {{wipe|South Africa}}) is published by Bolter ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Debra R. Bolter |author2=John Hawks |author3=Barry Bogin |author4=Noel Cameron |year=2018 |title=Palaeodemographics of individuals in Dinaledi Chamber using dental remains |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=114 |issue=1/2 |pages=37–42 |doi=10.17159/sajs.2018/20170066 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the diet of ''Homo naledi'' as indicated by teeth wear textures is published by Ungar & Berger (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Peter S. Ungar |author2=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=Brief communication: Dental microwear and diet of ''Homo naledi'' |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=166 |issue=1 |pages=228–235 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23418 |pmid=29399788 }}</ref>
* A study comparing tooth shape and size in ''Homo naledi'' and other {{wipe|South Africa}}n Plio-Pleistocene hominins, as well as a study on the possible diet of ''Homo naledi'', is published by Berthaume, Delezene & Kupczik (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Michael A. Berthaume |author2=Lucas K. Delezene |author3=Kornelius Kupczik |year=2018 |title=Dental topography and the diet of ''Homo naledi'' |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=118 |pages=14–26 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.006 |pmid=29606200 |url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/24339/1/24339.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Endocast|endocast]] [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of ''Homo naledi'', comparing it with other hominoids and fossil hominins, is published by Holloway ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ralph L. Holloway |author2=Shawn D. Hurst |author3=Heather M. Garvin |author4=P. Thomas Schoenemann |author5=William B. Vanti |author6=Lee R. Berger |author7=John Hawks |year=2018 |title=Endocast morphology of ''Homo naledi'' from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=22 |pages=5738–5743 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1720842115 |pmid=29760068 |pmc=5984505 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.5738H |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Phenetics|phenetic]] affinities and taxonomic validity of ''Homo naledi'' as indicated by teeth morphology will be published by Irish ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joel D. Irish |author2=Shara E. Bailey |author3=Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg |author4=Lucas K. Delezene |author5=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=Ancient teeth, phenetic affinities, and African hominins: Another look at where ''Homo naledi'' fits in |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=108–123 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.007 |pmid=29887210 |s2cid=47010223 |url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9090/1/IRISH%20Naledi%20Accepted%20Corrected%20Version.pdf }}</ref>
* Three  of ''Homo naledi'' recovered from the Dinaledi Chamber in the Rising Star cave system are described by Elliott ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marina C. Elliott |author2=Rolf Quam |author3=Shahed Nalla |author4=Darryl J. de Ruiter |author5=John Hawks |author6=Lee R.Berger |year=2018 |title=Description and analysis of three ''Homo naledi'' {{Not a typo|incudes}} from the Dinaledi Chamber, Rising Star cave (South Africa) |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=146–155 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.008 |pmid=30001870 |s2cid=51618301 }}</ref>
* Partial mandible of ''Homo naledi'' which was most likely affected by peripheral osteoma is reported by Odes ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Edward J. Odes |author2=Lucas K. Delezene |author3=Patrick S. Randolph-Quinney |author4=Jacqueline S. Smilg |author5=Tanya N. Augustine |author6=Kudakwashe Jakata |author7=Lee R. Berger |year=2018 |title=A case of benign osteogenic tumour in ''Homo naledi'': Evidence for peripheral osteoma in the U.W. 101-1142 mandible |journal=International Journal of Paleopathology |volume=21 |pages=47–55 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.05.003 |pmid=29778414 |s2cid=29150977 }}</ref>
* A study on evaluating whether deliberate disposal of corpses is the only likely explanation for large assemblages of fossil human bones from the Middle Pleistocene sites of [[Biology:Atapuerca Mountains#Sima de los Huesos (1983 to present)|Sima de los Huesos]] ({{wipe|Spain}}) and the Dinaledi Chamber ({{wipe|South Africa}}) is published by Egeland ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Charles P. Egeland |author2=Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo |author3=Travis Rayne Pickering |author4=Colin G. Menter |author5=Jason L. Heaton |year=2018 |title=Hominin skeletal part abundances and claims of deliberate disposal of corpses in the Middle Pleistocene |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=18 |pages=4601–4606 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1718678115 |pmid=29610322 |pmc=5939076 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4601E |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] hominin specimen (a fragmented skullcap) from Kocabaş (Denizli Basin, [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]) is published by Vialet ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Amélie Vialet |author2=Sandrine Prat |author3=Patricia Wilms |author4=Mehmet Cihat Alçiçek |year=2018 |title=The Kocabaş hominin (Denizli Basin, Turkey) at the crossroads of Eurasia: New insights from morphometric and cladistic analyses |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=1–2 |pages=17–32 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.11.003 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17...17V |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] and affinities of the hominin calvaria [[Biology:National Museums of Kenya|KNM]]-ER 42700 from [[Place:Ileret|Ileret]], Kenya is published by Neubauer ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Simon Neubauer |author2=Philipp Gunz |author3=Louise Leakey |author4=Meave Leakey |author5=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author6=Fred Spoor |year=2018 |title=Reconstruction, endocranial form and taxonomic affinity of the early ''Homo'' calvaria KNM-ER 42700 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=25–39 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.005 |pmid=29706231 |s2cid=14020776 }}</ref>
* A study on the frequency and location of hominin (likely ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]'') butchery marks and carnivore tooth marks on mammal bones from the HWK EE site (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania), and on their implications for inferring carnivorous feeding behavior of the HWK EE hominins and the ecological interactions they had with carnivores, is published by Pante ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Michael C. Pante |author2=Jackson K. Njau |author3=Blaire Hensley-Marschand |author4=Trevor L. Keevil |author5=Carmen Martín-Ramos |author6=Renata Franco Peters |author7=Ignacio de la Torre |year=2018 |title=The carnivorous feeding behavior of early ''Homo'' at HWK EE, Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=120 |pages=215–235 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.005 |pmid=28797516 |s2cid=206142790 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1574296/ }}</ref>
* A study estimating possible adult stature and body mass of the ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'' specimen KNM-WT 15000 ("[[Earth:Turkana Boy|Turkana Boy]]") is published by Cunningham ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Deborah L. Cunningham |author2=Ronda R. Graves |author3=Daniel J. Wescott |author4=Robert C. McCarthy |year=2018 |title=The effect of ontogeny on estimates of KNM-WT 15000's adult body size |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=119–127 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.002 |pmid=29754743 |s2cid=21680362 }}</ref>
* A study on the structure of the animal community known from the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation at East Turkana (Kenya) as indicated by tracks and skeletal assemblages, and on the interactions of ''Homo erectus'' with environment and associated faunas from this site, is published by Roach ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Neil T. Roach |author2=Andrew Du |author3=Kevin G. Hatala |author4=Kelly R. Ostrofsky |author5=Jonathan S. Reeves |author6=David R. Braun |author7=John W.K. Harris |author8=Anna K. Behrensmeyer |author9=Brian G. Richmond |year=2018 |title=Pleistocene animal communities of a 1.5 million-year-old lake margin grassland and their relationship to ''Homo erectus'' paleoecology |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=70–83 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.014 |pmid=29970233 |s2cid=49681563 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the large cutting tools from four [[Engineering:Acheulean|Acheulean]] sites at Koobi Fora dated to ~1.4 million years ago, investigating the behavioural patterns underpinning recorded artefact variability, is published by Presnyakova ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Darya Presnyakova |author2=David R. Braun |author3=Nicholas J. Conard |author4=Craig Feibel |author5=John W.K. Harris |author6=Cornel M. Pop |author7=Stefan Schlager |author8=Will Archer |year=2018 |title=Site fragmentation, hominin mobility and LCT variability reflected in the early Acheulean record of the Okote Member, at Koobi Fora, Kenya |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=125 |pages=159–180 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.008 |pmid=30268405 |s2cid=52893559 }}</ref>
* A study on 1.07–0.99 million-year-old [[Biology:Pelvis|pelvic]] remains from Buia (Eritrea) is published by Hammond ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the postcranial morphology of ''Homo erectus'' ''sensu lato'' was variable and, in some cases, nearly indistinguishable from modern human morphology, and that the shared last common ancestor of Late Pleistocene ''Homo'' species was unlikely to have an australopith-like pelvis.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ashley S. Hammond |author2=Sergio Almécija |author3=Yosief Libsekal |author4=Lorenzo Rook |author5=Roberto Macchiarelli |year=2018 |title=A partial ''Homo'' pelvis from the Early Pleistocene of Eritrea |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=123 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.010 |pmid=30017175 |s2cid=51676199 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Humerus|humeral]] rigidity and strength in members of the species ''Homo erectus'' known from [[Earth:Zhoukoudian|Zhoukoudian]] ({{wipe|China}}), comparing it with the humeral rigidity and strength in the African members of the species, is published by Xing ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Song Xing |author2=Kristian J. Carlson |author3=Pianpian Wei |author4=Jianing He |author5=Wu Liu |year=2018 |title=Morphology and structure of ''Homo erectus'' humeri from Zhoukoudian, Locality 1 |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e4279 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4279 |pmid=29372121 |pmc=5777375 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the  [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of teeth of ''Homo erectus'' from Zhoukoudian is published by Xing, Martinón-Torres & Bermúdez de Castro (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Song Xing |author2=María Martinón-Torres |author3=José María Bermúdez de Castro |year=2018 |title=The fossil teeth of the Peking Man |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 2066 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20432-y |pmid=29391445 |pmc=5794973 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2066X }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the archaeological layers from the Zhoukoudian Upper Cave, and on its implications for understanding Late Quaternary human evolution in eastern Asia, is published by Li ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Feng Li |author2=Christopher J. Bae |author3=Christopher B. Ramsey |author4=Fuyou Chen |author5=Xing Gao |year=2018 |title=Re-dating Zhoukoudian Upper Cave, northern China and its regional significance |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=170–177 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.014 |pmid=29778246 |s2cid=49681563 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* New magnetostratigraphic dating results for the Bailong Cave (China) sedimentary sequence containing hominin teeth assigned to the species ''Homo erectus'' are presented by Kong ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yanfen Kong |author2=Chenglong Deng |author3=Wu Liu |author4=Xiujie Wu |author5=Shuwen Pei |author6=Lu Sun |author7=Junyi Ge |author8=Liang Yi |author9=Rixiang Zhu |year=2018 |title=Magnetostratigraphic dating of the hominin occupation of Bailong Cave, central China |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 9699 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28065-x |pmid=29946102 |pmc=6018768 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.9699K }}</ref>
* An Early Pleistocene artefact sequence, containing 17 artefact layers that extend from approximately 1.26 million years ago to about 2.12 million years ago, is described from the Shangchen locality (Loess Plateau, {{wipe|China}}) by Zhu ''et al.'' (2018), indicating that hominins left Africa earlier than indicated by the evidence from Dmanisi.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Zhaoyu Zhu |author2=Robin Dennell |author3=Weiwen Huang |author4=Yi Wu |author5=Shifan Qiu |author6=Shixia Yang |author7=Zhiguo Rao |author8=Yamei Hou |author9=Jiubing Xie |author10=Jiangwei Han |author11=Tingping Ouyang |year=2018 |title=Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago |journal=Nature |volume=559 |issue=7715 |pages=608–612 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0299-4 |pmid=29995848 |bibcode=2018Natur.559..608Z |s2cid=49670311 }}</ref>
* A study investigating how the hominin groups living in the Qinling Mountains range ({{wipe|China}}) responded to glacial–interglacial shifts from ~1.20 million years ago to ~0.05 million years ago is published by Sun ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Xuefeng Sun |author2=Huayu Lu |author3=Shejiang Wang |author4=Xinghua Xu |author5=Qingxuan Zeng |author6=Xuehe Lu |author7=Chengqiu Lu |author8=Wenchao Zhang |author9=Xiaojian Zhang |author10=Robin Dennell |year=2018 |title=Hominin distribution in glacial-interglacial environmental changes in the Qinling Mountains range, central China |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=198 |pages=37–55 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.012 |bibcode=2018QSRv..198...37S |s2cid=135289382 }}</ref>
* A study on the morphology and affinities of the Middle [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] hominin mandible recovered from La Niche cave site of the Montmaurin karst system ({{wipe|France}}) is published by Vialet ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Amélie Vialet |author2=Mario Modesto-Mata |author3=María Martinón-Torres |author4=Marina Martínez de Pinillos |author5=José-María Bermúdez de Castro |year=2018 |title=A reassessment of the Montmaurin-La Niche mandible (Haute Garonne, France) in the context of European Pleistocene human evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=e0189714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0189714 |pmid=29337994 |pmc=5770020 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1389714V |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Earth:Taphonomy|Taphonomic]] signatures of the Aroeira 3 cranium, with a specific focus on cranial breakage, are described by Sanz ''et al.'' (2018), who attempt to approximate the cause of death of this individual.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Montserrat Sanz |author2=Nohemi Sala |author3=Joan Daura |author4=Ana Pantoja-Pérez |author5=Elena Santos |author6=João Zilhão |author7=Juan Luis Arsuaga |year=2018 |title=Taphonomic inferences about Middle Pleistocene hominins: The human cranium of Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal) |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=167 |issue=3 |pages=615–627 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23689 |pmid=30159875 |s2cid=52119598 }}</ref>
* A study on strategies for thermoregulation in the absence of fire in conditions experienced by hominins in north-west Europe before 400,000 years ago is published by MacDonald (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Katharine MacDonald |year=2018 |title=Fire-free hominin strategies for coping with cool winter temperatures in north-western Europe from before 800,000 to circa 400,000 years ago |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2018 |pages=7–26 |doi=10.4207/PA.2018.ART109 |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20180007.pdf |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>
* Evidence for progressive aridification in East Africa since about 575,000 years before present, based on data from sediments from Lake Magadi (Kenya), is presented by Owen ''et al.'' (2018), who also evaluate the influence of the increasing Middle- to Late-Pleistocene aridification and environmental variability on the physical and cultural evolution of ''Homo sapiens'' in East Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=R. Bernhart Owen |author2=Veronica M. Muiruri |author3=Tim K. Lowenstein |author4=Robin W. Renaut |author5=Nathan Rabideaux |author6=Shangde Luo |author7=Alan L. Deino |author8=Mark J. Sier |author9=Guillaume Dupont-Nivet |author10=Emma P. McNulty |author11=Kennie Leet |author12=Andrew Cohen |author13=Christopher Campisano |author14=Daniel Deocampo |author15=Chuan-Chou Shen |author16=Anne Billingsley |author17=Anthony Mbuthia |year=2018 |title=Progressive aridification in East Africa over the last half million years and implications for human evolution |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=44 |pages=11174–11179 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1801357115 |pmid=30297412 |pmc=6217406 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11511174B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A series of excavated Middle Stone Age sites from the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya), dated as ≈320,000 years old, is presented by Brooks ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence of hominins preparing cores and points, exploiting iron-rich rocks to obtain red pigment, and procuring stone tool materials from ≥25–50&nbsp;km distance.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alison S. Brooks |author2=John E. Yellen |author3=Richard Potts |author4=Anna K. Behrensmeyer |author5=Alan L. Deino |author6=David E. Leslie |author7=Stanley H. Ambrose |author8=Jeffrey R. Ferguson |author9=Francesco d'Errico |author10=Andrew M. Zipkin |author11=Scott Whittaker |author12=Jeffrey Post |author13=Elizabeth G. Veatch |author14=Kimberly Foecke |author15=Jennifer B. Clark |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |pmid=29545508 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |s2cid=14051717 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the environmental dynamics before and after the onset of the early Middle Stone Age in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Potts ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Richard Potts |author2=Anna K. Behrensmeyer |author3=J. Tyler Faith |author4=Christian A. Tryon |author5=Alison S. Brooks |author6=John E. Yellen |author7=Alan L. Deino |author8=Rahab Kinyanjui |author9=Jennifer B. Clark |author10=Catherine Haradon |author11=Naomi E. Levin |author12=Hanneke J. M. Meijer |author13=Elizabeth G. Veatch |author14=R. Bernhart Owen |author15=Robin W. Renaut |year=2018 |title=Environmental dynamics during the onset of the Middle Stone Age in eastern Africa |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=86–90 |doi=10.1126/science.aao2200 |pmid=29545506 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...86P |s2cid=206662634 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the chronology of the [[Engineering:Acheulean|Acheulean]] and early Middle Stone Age sedimentary deposits in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Deino ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alan L. Deino |author2=Anna K. Behrensmeyer |author3=Alison S. Brooks |author4=John E. Yellen |author5=Warren D. Sharp |author6=Richard Potts |year=2018 |title=Chronology of the Acheulean to Middle Stone Age transition in eastern Africa |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=95–98 |doi=10.1126/science.aao2216 |pmid=29545510 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...95D |s2cid=3895578 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on bone artefacts from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave ({{wipe|South Africa}}), evaluating what kinds of animals were used to make bone tools, is published by Bradfield (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Justin Bradfield |year=2018 |title=Identifying animal taxa used to manufacture bone tools during the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Results of a CT-rendered histological analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0208319 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0208319 |pmid=30496272 |pmc=6264865 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1308319B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the stone tools from the Acheulean site of Saffaqah near Dawadmi (Saudi Arabia), and their implications for inferring how hominins adapted to this region, is published by Shipton ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ceri Shipton |author2=James Blinkhorn |author3=Paul S. Breeze |author4=Patrick Cuthbertson |author5=Nick Drake |author6=Huw S. Groucutt |author7=Richard P. Jennings |author8=Ash Parton |author9=Eleanor M. L. Scerri |author10=Abdullah Alsharekh |author11=Michael D. Petraglia |year=2018 |title=Acheulean technology and landscape use at Dawadmi, central Arabia |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0200497 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0200497 |pmid=30052630 |pmc=6063418 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1300497S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the stratigraphy, archaeology and chronology of the Saffaqah site, providing the first secure dates for this site, is published by Scerri ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Eleanor M. L. Scerri |author2=Ceri Shipton |author3=Laine Clark-Balzan |author4=Marine Frouin |author5=Jean-Luc Schwenninger |author6=Huw S. Groucutt |author7=Paul S. Breeze |author8=Ash Parton |author9=James Blinkhorn |author10=Nick A. Drake |author11=Richard Jennings |author12=Patrick Cuthbertson |author13=Abdulaziz Al Omari |author14=Abdullah M. Alsharekh |author15=Michael D. Petraglia |year=2018 |title=The expansion of later Acheulean hominins into the Arabian Peninsula |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 17165 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35242-5 |pmid=30498259 |pmc=6265249 |bibcode=2018NatSR...817165S }}</ref>
* A study on the age of stone tools from the Attirampakkam site in {{wipe|India}} is published by Akhilesh ''et al.'' (2018), indicating the emergence of a [[Earth:Middle Paleolithic|Middle Paleolithic]] culture in India at 385 ± 64 thousand years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kumar Akhilesh |author2=Shanti Pappu |author3=Haresh M. Rajapara |author4=Yanni Gunnell |author5=Anil D. Shukla |author6=Ashok K. Singhvi |year=2018 |title=Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385–172 ka reframes Out of Africa models |journal=Nature |volume=554 |issue=7690 |pages=97–101 |doi=10.1038/nature25444 |pmid=29388951 |bibcode=2018Natur.554...97A |s2cid=4447452 }}</ref>
* Stone tools associated with a skeleton of ''Rhinoceros philippinensis'' showing clear signs of butchery are described from a bone bed at Kalinga in the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon (the {{wipe|Philippines}}), dated to between 777 and 631 thousand years ago, by Ingicco ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=T. Ingicco |author2=G. D. van den Bergh |author3=C. Jago-on |author4=J.-J. Bahain |author5=M. G. Chacón |author6=N. Amano |author7=H. Forestier |author8=C. King |author9=K. Manalo |author10=S. Nomade |author11=A. Pereira |author12=M. C. Reyes |author13=A.-M. Sémah |author14=Q. Shao |author15=P. Voinchet |author16=C. Falguères |author17=P. C. H. Albers |author18=M. Lising |author19=G. Lyras |author20=D. Yurnaldi |author21=P. Rochette |author22=A. Bautista |author23=J. de Vos |year=2018 |title=Earliest known hominin activity in the Philippines by 709 thousand years ago |journal=Nature |volume=557 |issue=7704 |pages=233–237 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0072-8 |pmid=29720661 |bibcode=2018Natur.557..233I |s2cid=13742336 |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/5385 }}</ref>
* The study on the Cerutti Mastodon site published by Holen ''et al.'' (2017), reporting possible evidence of an unidentified species of the genus ''[[Biology:Homo|Homo]]'' living in {{wipe|California}} 130,000 years ago,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Steven R. Holen |author2=Thomas A. Deméré |author3=Daniel C. Fisher |author4=Richard Fullagar |author5=James B. Paces |author6=George T. Jefferson |author7=Jared M. Beeton |author8=Richard A. Cerutti |author9=Adam N. Rountrey |author10=Lawrence Vescera |author11=Kathleen A. Holen |year=2017 |title=A 130,000-year-old archaeological site in southern California, USA |journal=Nature |volume=544 |issue=7651 |pages=479–483 |doi=10.1038/nature22065 |pmid=28447646 |bibcode=2017Natur.544..479H |s2cid=205255425 }}</ref> is criticized by Ferraro ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Joseph V. Ferraro |author2=Katie M. Binetti |author3=Logan A. Wiest |author4=Donald Esker |author5=Lori E. Baker |author6=Steven L. Forman |year=2018 |title=Contesting early archaeology in California |journal=Nature |volume=554 |issue=7691 |pages=E1–E2 |doi=10.1038/nature25165 |pmid=29420468 |bibcode=2018Natur.554E...1F |s2cid=205263114 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Steven R. Holen |author2=Thomas A. Deméré |author3=Daniel C. Fisher |author4=Richard Fullagar |author5=James B. Paces |author6=George T. Jefferson |author7=Jared M. Beeton |author8=Richard A. Cerutti |author9=Adam N. Rountrey |author10=Lawrence Vescera |author11=Kathleen A. Holen |year=2018 |title=Holen ''et al.'' reply |journal=Nature |volume=554 |issue=7691 |pages=E3 |doi=10.1038/nature25166 |pmid=29420475 |bibcode=2018Natur.554E...3H |s2cid=4466451 }}</ref>
* Bone retouchers dated as approximately 125–105,000 years old are described from the Lingjing site in Henan, {{wipe|China}} by Doyon ''et al.'' (2018), representing the first evidence from Eastern Asia for the use of bone as raw material to modify stone tools.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Luc Doyon |author2=Zhanyang Li |author3=Hao Li |author4=Francesco d'Errico  |year=2018 |title=Discovery of ''circa'' 115,000-year-old bone retouchers at Lingjing, Henan, China |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=e0194318 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0194318 |pmid=29529079 |pmc=5847243 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1394318D |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A 90,000-years-old specialized bone tool discovered in association with the Aterian techno-complex is described from the cave site of Dar es-Soltan 1 (Morocco) by Bouzouggar ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Abdeljalil Bouzouggar |author2=Louise T. Humphrey |author3=Nick Barton |author4=Simon A. Parfitt |author5=Laine Clark Balzan |author6=Jean-Luc Schwenninger |author7=Mohammed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui |author8=Roland Nespoulet |author9=Silvia M. Bello |year=2018 |title=90,000 year-old specialised bone technology in the Aterian Middle Stone Age of North Africa |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0202021 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0202021 |pmid=30281602 |pmc=6169849 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1302021B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the antiquity of the remains of ''[[Biology:Homo antecessor|Homo antecessor]]'', based on the first direct Electron Spin Resonance dating of a tooth from the TD6 unit of [[Biology:Atapuerca Mountains|Atapuerca Gran Dolina site]] ({{wipe|Spain}}), is published by Duval ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mathieu Duval |author2=Rainer Grün |author3=Josep M. Parés |author4=Laura Martín-Francés |author5=Isidoro Campaña |author6=Jordi Rosell |author7=Qingfeng Shao |author8=Juan Luis Arsuaga |author9=Eudald Carbonell |author10=José María Bermúdez de Castro |year=2018 |title=The first direct ESR analysis of a hominin tooth from Atapuerca Gran Dolina TD-6 (Spain) supports the antiquity of ''Homo antecessor'' |journal=Quaternary Geochronology |volume=47 |pages=120–137 |doi=10.1016/j.quageo.2018.05.001 |url=https://eprints.ucm.es/50953/1/The%20first%20direct%20ESR%20dating%20of%20a%20hominin%20tooth%20from%20Atapuerca%20Gran%20Dolina%20TD-6%20%28Spain%29%20supports%20the%20antiquity%20of%20Homo%20antecessor.pdf }}</ref>
* A study aiming to test the hypothesis if ''Homo antecessor'' molars approximated the [[Biology:Neanderthal|Neanderthal]] rather than the ''Homo sapiens'' condition for tissue proportions and [[Biology:Tooth enamel|enamel]] thickness is published by Martín-Francés ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Laura Martín-Francés |author2=María Martinón-Torres |author3=Marina Martínez de Pinillos |author4=Cecilia García-Campos |author5=Mario Modesto-Mata |author6=Clément Zanolli |author7=Laura Rodríguez |author8=José María Bermúdez de Castro |year=2018 |title=Tooth crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Early Pleistocene ''Homo antecessor'' molars (Atapuerca, Spain) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0203334 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0203334 |pmid=30281589 |pmc=6169863 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1303334M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* An assemblage of hominin tracks produced by adults and children potentially as young as 12 months, probably members of the species ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]'' living 700,000 years ago, is described from the Upper Awash Valley (Ethiopia) by Altamura ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Flavio Altamura |author2=Matthew R. Bennett |author3=Kristiaan D'Août |author4=Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser |author5=Rita T. Melis |author6=Sally C. Reynolds |author7=Margherita Mussi |year=2018 |title=Archaeology and ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed-age hominin group 700,000 years ago |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 2815 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-21158-7 |pmid=29434269 |pmc=5809588 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2815A }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] and function of the browridge of the [[Biology:Homo rhodesiensis|Kabwe 1]] archaic hominin specimen is published by Godinho, Spikins & O'Higgins (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ricardo Miguel Godinho |author2=Penny Spikins |author3=Paul O'Higgins |year=2018 |title=Supraorbital morphology and social dynamics in human evolution |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=956–961 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0528-0 |pmid=29632349 |s2cid=4698765 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..956G |hdl=10400.1/11513 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study intending to detect [[Biology:Introgression|introgressed]] [[History:Denisovan|Denisovan]] genetic material in present-day human genomes is published by Browning ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence of Denisovan ancestry in populations from East and South Asia and Papuans, and interpret their findings as indicating that at least two distinct instances of Denisovan admixture into modern humans occurred.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sharon R. Browning |author2=Brian L. Browning |author3=Ying Zhou |author4=Serena Tucci |author5=Joshua M. Akey |year=2018 |title=Analysis of human sequence data reveals two pulses of archaic Denisovan admixture |journal=Cell |volume=173 |issue=1 |pages=53–61.e9 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.031 |pmid=29551270 |pmc=5866234 }}</ref>
* Genome recovered from a bone fragment from the Denisova Cave ({{wipe|Russia}}) is presented by Slon ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret the studied individual as the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Viviane Slon |author2=Fabrizio Mafessoni |author3=Benjamin Vernot |author4=Cesare de Filippo |author5=Steffi Grote |author6=Bence Viola |author7=Mateja Hajdinjak |author8=Stéphane Peyrégne |author9=Sarah Nagel |author10=Samantha Brown |author11=Katerina Douka |author12=Tom Higham |author13=Maxim B. Kozlikin |author14=Michael V. Shunkov |author15=Anatoly P. Derevianko |author16=Janet Kelso |author17=Matthias Meyer |author18=Kay Prüfer |author19=Svante Pääbo |year=2018 |title=The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father |journal=Nature |volume=561 |issue=7721 |pages=113–116 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0455-x |pmid=30135579 |pmc=6130845 |bibcode=2018Natur.561..113S }}</ref>
* A study on the absolute bone volume in five human [[Biology:Long bone|long bone]]s from the Sima de los Huesos site is published by Carretero ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that Sima de los Huesos hominins had on average heavier long bones than extant humans of the same size.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=José-Miguel Carretero |author2=Laura Rodríguez |author3=Rebeca García-González |author4=Rolf-Michael Quam |author5=Juan-Luis Arsuaga |year=2018 |title=Exploring bone volume and skeletal weight in the Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=233 |issue=6 |pages=740–754 |doi=10.1111/joa.12886 |pmid=30280382 |pmc=6231173 }}</ref>
* A study on the stone tools from the site of la Noira ({{wipe|France}}) and their implications for reconstructing early [[Engineering:Acheulean|Acheulean]] hominin behavior is published by Hardy ''et al.'' (2018), who argue that the hominins from this site used a broad range of resources including wood, plants, mammals, and possibly birds and fish, and that Middle Pleistocene hominins had detailed local environmental knowledge and were able to adapt to a wide range of environments.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Bruce L. Hardy |author2=Marie-Hélène Moncel |author3=Jackie Despriée |author4=Gilles Courcimault |author5=Pierre Voinchet |year=2018 |title=Middle Pleistocene hominin behavior at the 700ka Acheulean site of la Noira (France) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=199 |pages=60–82 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.013 |bibcode=2018QSRv..199...60H |s2cid=134587527 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study aiming to estimate total lung capacity of Neanderthals, as well as Early Pleistocene hominins from the Gran Dolina site ATD6 ({{wipe|Spain}}), is published by García-Martínez ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Daniel García-Martínez |author2=Nicole Torres-Tamayo |author3=Isabel Torres-Sánchez |author4=Francisco García-Río |author5=Antonio Rosas |author6=Markus Bastir |year=2018 |title=Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans |journal=Communications Biology |volume=1 |pages=Article number 117 |doi=10.1038/s42003-018-0125-4 |pmid=30271997 |pmc=6123625 }}</ref>
* A series of partially charred wooden tools is described from the late Middle Pleistocene site of Poggetti Vecchi (central Italy) by Aranguren ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that Neanderthals were able to choose the appropriate timber and to process it with fire to produce tools.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Biancamaria Aranguren |author2=Anna Revedin |author3=Nicola Amico |author4=Fabio Cavulli |author5=Gianna Giachi |author6=Stefano Grimaldi |author7=Nicola Macchioni |author8=Fabio Santaniello |year=2018 |title=Wooden tools and fire technology in the early Neanderthal site of Poggetti Vecchi (Italy) |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=9 |pages=2054–2059 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1716068115 |pmid=29432163 |pmc=5834685 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.2054A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A wooden tool (possibly a digging stick), likely produced by Neanderthals, is described from the early Late Pleistocene Aranbaltza III site (Basque Country, {{wipe|Spain}}) by Rios-Garaizar ''et al.'' (2018), representing the oldest wooden tool from southern Europe reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joseba Rios-Garaizar |author2=Oriol López-Bultó |author3=Eneko Iriarte |author4=Carlos Pérez-Garrido |author5=Raquel Piqué |author6=Arantza Aranburu |author7=María José Iriarte-Chiapusso |author8=Illuminada Ortega-Cordellat |author9=Laurence Bourguignon |author10=Diego Garate |author11=Iñaki Libano |year=2018 |title=A Middle Palaeolithic wooden digging stick from Aranbaltza III, Spain |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=e0195044 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0195044 |pmid=29590205 |pmc=5874079 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1395044R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Cave art in Cave of La Pasiega, Maltravieso cave and Ardales cave ({{wipe|Spain}}) is dated as older than 64,000 years (thus predating the arrival of modern humans in Europe) by Hoffmann ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of Neandertal authorship of the art;<ref>{{cite journal |author1=D. L. Hoffmann |author2=C. D. Standish |author3=M. García-Diez |author4=P. B. Pettitt |author5=J. A. Milton |author6=J. Zilhão |author7=J. J. Alcolea-González |author8=P. Cantalejo-Duarte |author9=H. Collado |author10=R. de Balbín |author11=M. Lorblanchet |author12=J. Ramos-Muñoz |author13=G.-Ch. Weniger |author14=A. W. G. Pike |year=2018 |title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art |journal=Science |volume=359 |issue=6378 |pages=912–915 |doi=10.1126/science.aap7778 |pmid=29472483 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..912H |s2cid=206664238 |doi-access=free |hdl=10498/21578 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> the study is subsequently criticized by Pearce & Bonneau (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=David G. Pearce |author2=Adelphine Bonneau |year=2018 |title=Trouble on the dating scene |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=925–926 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0540-4 |pmid=29632350 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..925P |s2cid=4711688 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dirk L. Hoffmann |author2=Christopher D. Standish |author3=Alistair W. G. Pike |author4=Marcos García-Diez |author5=Paul B. Pettitt |author6=Diego E. Angelucci |author7=Valentín Villaverde |author8=Josefina Zapata |author9=James A. Milton |author10=Javier Alcolea-González |author11=Pedro Cantalejo-Duarte |author12=Hipolito Collado |author13=Rodrigo de Balbín |author14=Michel Lorblanchet |author15=José Ramos-Muñoz |author16=Gerd-Christian Weniger |author17=João Zilhão |year=2018 |title=Dates for Neanderthal art and symbolic behaviour are reliable |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=1044–1045 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0598-z |pmid=29942018 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2.1044H |hdl=11572/210293 |s2cid=49404741 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Aubert, Brumm & Huntley (2018),<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Maxime Aubert |author2=Adam Brumm|author3=Jillian Huntley |year=2018 |title=Early dates for 'Neanderthal cave art' may be wrong |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=125 |pages=215–217 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.004 |pmid=30173883 |s2cid=52145541}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dirk L. Hoffmann |author2=Christopher D. Standish |author3=Marcos García-Diez |author4=Paul B. Pettitt |author5=James A. Milton |author6=João Zilhão |author7=Javier J. Alcolea-González |author8=Pedro Cantalejo-Duarte |author9=Hipolito Collado |author10=Rodrigo de Balbín |author11=Michel Lorblanchet |author12=Jose Ramos-Muñoz |author13=Gerd-Christian Weniger |author14=Alistair W.G. Pike |year=2019 |title=Response to Aubert et al.'s reply 'Early dates for 'Neanderthal cave art' may be wrong' [J. Hum. Evol. 125 (2018), 215–217] |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=135 |pages=Article 102644 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102644 |s2cid=202017223 }}</ref> Slimak ''et al.'' (2018)<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ludovic Slimak |author2=Jan Fietzke |author3=Jean-Michel Geneste |author4=Roberto Ontañón |year=2018 |title=Comment on "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art" |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6408 |pages=eaau1371 |doi=10.1126/science.aau1371 |pmid=30237321 |s2cid=52309952 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=D. L. Hoffmann |author2=C. D. Standish |author3=M. García-Diez |author4=P. B. Pettitt |author5=J. A. Milton |author6=J. Zilhão |author7=J. J. Alcolea-González |author8=P. Cantalejo-Duarte |author9=H. Collado |author10=R. de Balbín |author11=M. Lorblanchet |author12=J. Ramos-Muñoz |author13=G.-Ch. Weniger |author14=A. W. G. Pike |year=2018 |title=Response to Comment on "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art" |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6411 |pages=eaau1736 |doi=10.1126/science.aau1736 |pmid=30309914 |s2cid=52966370 |doi-access=free |hdl=10451/36567 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and White ''et al.'' (2020).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Randall White |author2=Gerhard Bosinski |author3=Raphaëlle Bourrillon |author4=Jean Clottes |author5=Margaret W. Conkey |author6=Soledad Corchón Rodriguez |author7=Miguel Cortés-Sánchez |author8=Marco de la Rasilla Vives |author9=Brigitte Delluc |author10=Gilles Delluc |author11=Valérie Feruglio |author12=Harald Floss |author13=Pascal Foucher |author14=Carole Fritz |author15=Oscar Fuentes |author16=Diego Garate |author17=Jesús González Gómez |author18=Manuel R. González-Morales |author19=María González-Pumariega Solis |author20=Marc Groenen |author21=Jacques Jaubert |author22=María Aránzazu Martinez-Aguirre |author23=María-Ángeles Medina Alcaide |author24=Oscar Moro Abadia |author25=Roberto Ontañón Peredo |author26=Elena Paillet-Man-Estier |author27=Patrick Paillet |author28=Stéphane Petrognani |author29=Romain Pigeaud |author30=Geneviève Pinçon |author31=Frédéric Plassard |author32=Sergio Ripoll López |author33=Olivia Rivero Vilá |author34=Eric Robert |author35=Aitor Ruiz-Redondo |author36=Juan F. Ruiz López |author37=Cristina San Juan-Foucher |author38=José Luis Sanchidrián Torti |author39=Georges Sauvet |author40=María Dolores Simón-Vallejo |author41=Gilles Tosello |author42=Pilar Utrilla |author43=Denis Vialou |author44=Mark D. Willis |year=2020 |title=Still no archaeological evidence that Neanderthals created Iberian cave art |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=144 |pages=Article 102640 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102640 |s2cid=208305629 |url=http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121859 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dirk L. Hoffmann |author2=Christopher D. Standish |author3=Marcos García-Diez |author4=Paul B. Pettitt |author5=James A. Milton |author6=João Zilhão |author7=Javier J. Alcolea-González |author8=Pedro Cantalejo-Duarte |author9=Hipolito Collado |author10=Rodrigo de Balbín |author11=Michel Lorblanchet |author12=Jose Ramos-Muñoz |author13=Gerd-Christian Weniger |author14=Alistair W.G. Pike |year=2020 |title=Response to White et al.'s reply: 'Still no archaeological evidence that Neanderthals created Iberian cave art' [J. Hum. Evol. (2020) 102640] |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=144 |pages=Article 102810 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102810 |pmid=32451090 |s2cid=218895333 }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the flowstone capping the Cueva de los Aviones deposit in southeast {{wipe|Spain}} is published by Hoffmann ''et al.'' (2018), who report that Neanderthal-associated evidence of symbolic behavior found at the site is 115,000 to 120,000 years old and predates the earliest known comparable evidence associated with modern humans by 20,000 to 40,000 years.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Dirk L. Hoffmann |author2=Diego E. Angelucci |author3=Valentín Villaverde |author4=Josefina Zapata |author5=João Zilhão |year=2018 |title=Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=eaar5255 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar5255 |pmid=29507889 |pmc=5833998 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.5255H }}</ref>
* Genomes of five Neanderthals from Belgium ([[Earth:Spy Cave|Spy Cave]] and [[Earth:Goyet Caves|Goyet Caves]]), {{wipe|France}} (Les Cottés cave), Croatia (Vindija Cave) and {{wipe|Russia}} (Mezmaiskaya cave), who lived around 39,000 to 47,000 years ago, are sequenced by Hajdinjak ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mateja Hajdinjak |author2=Qiaomei Fu |author3=Alexander Hübner |author4=Martin Petr |author5=Fabrizio Mafessoni |author6=Steffi Grote |author7=Pontus Skoglund |author8=Vagheesh Narasimham |author9=Hélène Rougier |author10=Isabelle Crevecoeur |author11=Patrick Semal |author12=Marie Soressi |author13=Sahra Talamo |author14=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author15=Ivan Gušić |author16=Željko Kućan |author17=Pavao Rudan |author18=Liubov V. Golovanova |author19=Vladimir B. Doronichev |author20=Cosimo Posth |author21=Johannes Krause |author22=Petra Korlević |author23=Sarah Nagel |author24=Birgit Nickel |author25=Montgomery Slatkin |author26=Nick Patterson |author27=David Reich |author28=Kay Prüfer |author29=Matthias Meyer |author30=Svante Pääbo |author31=Janet Kelso |year=2018 |title=Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals |journal=Nature |volume=555 |issue=7698 |pages=652–656 |doi=10.1038/nature26151 |pmid=29562232 |pmc=6485383 |bibcode=2018Natur.555..652H }}</ref>
* A study on Neanderthal skeletal remains and animal fossils from the Vindija Cave, and on their implications for inferring Neanderthal behaviour, is published by Patou-Mathis, Karavanić & Smith (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marylène Patou-Mathis |author2=Ivor Karavanić |author3=Fred H. Smith |year=2018 |title=The evidence from Vindija Cave (Croatia) reveals diversity of Neandertal behaviour in Europe |journal=Quaternary International |volume=494 |pages=314–326 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.023 |bibcode=2018QuInt.494..314P |s2cid=134508237 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating three hypotheses forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face is published by Wroe ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Stephen Wroe |author2=William C. H. Parr |author3=Justin A. Ledogar |author4=Jason Bourke |author5=Samuel P. Evans |author6=Luca Fiorenza |author7=Stefano Benazzi |author8=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author9=Chris Stringer |author10=Ottmar Kullmer |author11=Michael Curry |author12=Todd C. Rae |author13=Todd R. Yokley |year=2018 |title=Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1876 |pages=20180085 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.0085 |pmid=29618551 |pmc=5904316 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating ecological niche similarity between the datasets of [[Biology:Morphology|morphologically]] diagnostic Neanderthal remains and of archaeological sites with [[Earth:Middle Paleolithic|Middle Paleolithic]] artifacts (but no diagnostic hominin remains), as well as assessing its implications for inferring whether those archaeological sites represent Neanderthal occurrences, is published by Bible & Peterson (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rachael C. Bible |author2=A. Townsend Peterson |year=2018 |title=Compatible ecological niche signals between biological and archaeological datasets for late-surviving Neandertals |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=166 |issue=4 |pages=968–974 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23482 |pmid=29664998 }}</ref>
* Gaudzinski-Windheuser ''et al.'' (2018) report perforations observed on two fallow deer skeletons from the 120,000-year-old lake shore deposits from Neumark-Nord ({{wipe|Germany}}), interpreted as evidence of close-range use of thrusting spears by Neanderthals.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser |author2=Elisabeth S. Noack |author3=Eduard Pop |author4=Constantin Herbst |author5=Johannes Pfleging |author6=Jonas Buchli |author7=Arne Jacob |author8=Frieder Enzmann |author9=Lutz Kindler |author10=Radu Iovita |author11=Martin Street |author12=Wil Roebroeks |year=2018 |title=Evidence for close-range hunting by last interglacial Neanderthals |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=1087–1092 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0596-1 |pmid=29942012 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2.1087G |s2cid=49414561 }}</ref>
* A study on the timing and duration of periods of climate deterioration in the interior of the [[Place:Iberian Peninsula|Iberian Peninsula]] in the late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]], evaluating the impact of climate on the abandonment of inner Iberian territories by Neanderthals 42,000 years ago, is published by Wolf ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=D. Wolf |author2=T. Kolb |author3=M. Alcaraz-Castaño |author4=S. Heinrich |author5=P. Baumgart |author6=R. Calvo |author7=J. Sánchez |author8=K. Ryborz |author9=I. Schäfer |author10=M. Bliedtner |author11=R. Zech |author12=L. Zöller |author13=D. Faust |year=2018 |title=Climate deteriorations and Neanderthal demise in interior Iberia |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 7048 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-25343-6 |pmid=29728579 |pmc=5935692 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.7048W }}</ref>
* A study on pollen recovered from hyaena coprolites from Vanguard Cave ([[Place:Gibraltar|Gibraltar]]), and on its implications for reconstructing the vegetation landscapes in the environment inhabited by southern Iberian Neanderthals during the [[Physics:Marine isotope stage#Stages|MIS 3]], is published by Carrión ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=J.S. Carrión |author2=J. Ochando |author3=S. Fernández |author4=R. Blasco |author5=J. Rosell |author6=M. Munuera |author7=G. Amorós |author8=I. Martín-Lerma |author9=S. Finlayson |author10=F. Giles |author11=R. Jennings |author12=G. Finlayson |author13=F. Giles-Pacheco |author14=J. Rodríguez-Vidal |author15=C. Finlayson |year=2018 |title=Last Neanderthals in the warmest refugium of Europe: Palynological data from Vanguard Cave |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=259 |pages=63–80 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.09.007 |bibcode=2018RPaPa.259...63C |s2cid=135278171 |url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10340/1/Carrion%20et%20al%202018.pdf }}</ref>
* Evidence of bird and carnivore exploitation by Neanderthals (cut-marks in golden eagle, raven, wolf and [[Biology:Lynx|lynx]] remains) is reported from the Axlor site ({{wipe|Spain}}) by Gómez-Olivencia ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asier Gómez-Olivencia |author2=Nohemi Sala |author3=Carmen Núñez-Lahuerta |author4=Alfred Sanchis |author5=Mikel Arlegi |author6=Joseba Rios-Garaizar |year=2018 |title=First data of Neandertal bird and carnivore exploitation in the Cantabrian Region (Axlor; Barandiaran excavations; Dima, Biscay, Northern Iberian Peninsula) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 10551 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28377-y |pmid=30002396 |pmc=6043621 |bibcode=2018NatSR...810551G }}</ref>
* The first direct [[Social:Artifact (archaeology)|artefactual]] evidence for regular, systematic fire production by Neanderthals is reported from archaeological layers attributed to late [[Biology:Mousterian|Mousterian]] industries at multiple sites throughout {{wipe|France}} by Sorensen, Claud & Soressi (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=A. C. Sorensen |author2=E. Claud |author3=M. Soressi |year=2018 |title=Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 10065 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9 |pmid=30026576 |pmc=6053370 |bibcode=2018NatSR...810065S }}</ref>
* A study on Neanderthal manual activities is published by Karakostis ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence of habitual performance of precision grasping by Neanderthals.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Fotios Alexandros Karakostis |author2=Gerhard Hotz |author3=Vangelis Tourloukis |author4=Katerina Harvati |year=2018 |title=Evidence for precision grasping in Neandertal daily activities |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=eaat2369 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aat2369 |pmid=30263956 |pmc=6157967 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.2369K }}</ref>
* 3D virtual reconstruction of the [[Biology:Thorax|thorax]] of the [[Biology:Kebara 2|Kebara 2]] Neanderthal individual is presented by Gómez-Olivencia ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Asier Gómez-Olivencia |author2=Alon Barash |author3=Daniel García-Martínez |author4=Mikel Arlegi |author5=Patricia Kramer |author6=Markus Bastir |author7=Ella Been |year=2018 |title=3D virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neandertal thorax |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 4387 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-06803-z |pmid=30377294 |pmc=6207772 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.4387G }}</ref>
* A study aiming to determine whether metabolic differences between competing populations of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans alone could have accounted for Neanderthal extinction, as well as investigating Neanderthal fire use, is published by Goldfield, Booton & Marston (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Anna E. Goldfield |author2=Ross Booton |author3=John M. Marston |year=2018 |title=Modeling the role of fire and cooking in the competitive exclusion of Neanderthals |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=124 |pages=91–104 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.006 |pmid=30177445 |s2cid=52147357 }}</ref>
* A study on the climate changes in Europe during the Middle–Upper [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] transition (based on [[Earth:Speleothem|speleothem]] records from the Ascunsă Cave and from the Tăușoare Cave, Romania), and on their implications for the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans in Europe, is published by Fernández ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Michael Staubwasser |author2=Virgil Drăgușin |author3=Bogdan P. Onac |author4=Sergey Assonov |author5=Vasile Ersek |author6=Dirk L. Hoffmann |author7=Daniel Veres |year=2018 |title=Impact of climate change on the transition of Neanderthals to modern humans in Europe |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=37 |pages=9116–9121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1808647115 |pmid=30150388 |pmc=6140518 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.9116S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the cultural attribution and [[Earth:Stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] integrity of the Neanderthal skeletal material from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire ({{wipe|France}}), evaluating whether there is reliable evidence for a Neanderthal-Châtelperronian association at this site, is published by Gravina ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Brad Gravina |author2=François Bachellerie |author3=Solène Caux |author4=Emmanuel Discamps |author5=Jean-Philippe Faivre |author6=Aline Galland |author7=Alexandre Michel |author8=Nicolas Teyssandier |author9=Jean-Guillaume Bordes |year=2018 |title=No reliable evidence for a Neanderthal-Châtelperronian association at La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 15134 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-33084-9 |pmid=30310091 |pmc=6181958 |bibcode=2018NatSR...815134G }}</ref>
* A study aiming to reconstruct 3D brain shape of Neanderthals and early ''Homo sapiens'' is published by Kochiyama ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Takanori Kochiyama |author2=Naomichi Ogihara |author3=Hiroki C. Tanabe |author4=Osamu Kondo |author5=Hideki Amano |author6=Kunihiro Hasegawa |author7=Hiromasa Suzuki |author8=Marcia S. Ponce de León |author9=Christoph P. E. Zollikofer |author10=Markus Bastir |author11=Chris Stringer |author12=Norihiro Sadato |author13=Takeru Akazawa |year=2018 |title=Reconstructing the Neanderthal brain using computational anatomy |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 6296 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-24331-0 |pmid=29700382 |pmc=5919901 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.6296K }}</ref>
* A study on patterns of seasonal variation in the environment inhabited by Neanderthals, on Neanderthal life history and on their exposure to potential environmental hazards, as indicated by data from oxygen isotopes, trace element distributions and tooth development in two Neanderthals and one modern human from Payre (an archeological site in the Rhone Valley, {{wipe|France}}), is published by Smith ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Tanya M. Smith |author2=Christine Austin |author3=Daniel R. Green |author4=Renaud Joannes-Boyau |author5=Shara Bailey |author6=Dani Dumitriu |author7=Stewart Fallon |author8=Rainer Grün |author9=Hannah F. James |author10=Marie-Hélène Moncel |author11=Ian S. Williams |author12=Rachel Wood |author13=Manish Arora |year=2018 |title=Wintertime stress, nursing, and lead exposure in Neanderthal children |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=eaau9483 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aau9483 |pmid=30402544 |pmc=6209393 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.9483S }}</ref>
* A study on the human teeth from the Middle Pleistocene sites of Fontana Ranuccio and Visogliano (Italy), aiming to identify the presence, if any, of a Neanderthal-like signature in the inner structure of these teeth, is published by Zanolli ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Clément Zanolli |author2=María Martinón-Torres |author3=Federico Bernardini |author4=Giovanni Boschian |author5=Alfredo Coppa |author6=Diego Dreossi |author7=Lucia Mancini |author8=Marina Martínez de Pinillos |author9=Laura Martín-Francés |author10=José María Bermúdez de Castro |author11=Carlo Tozzi |author12=Claudio Tuniz |author13=Roberto Macchiarelli |year=2018 |title=The Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12) human dental remains from Fontana Ranuccio (Latium) and Visogliano (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Italy. A comparative high resolution endostructural assessment |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0189773 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0189773 |pmid=30281595 |pmc=6169847 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1389773Z |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Evidence indicating that [[Biology:Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans|interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans]] led to the exposure of each species to novel viruses and to the exchange of adaptive [[Biology:Allele|allele]]s that provided resistance against these viruses is presented by Enard & Petrov (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=David Enard |author2=Dmitri A. Petrov |year=2018 |title=Evidence that RNA viruses drove adaptive introgression between Neanderthals and modern humans |journal=Cell |volume=175 |issue=2 |pages=360–371.e13 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.034 |pmid=30290142 |pmc=6176737 }}</ref>
* A study on Neanderthals and early [[Earth:Upper Paleolithic|Upper Paleolithic]] anatomically modern humans, reassessing the hypothesis of higher skull trauma prevalence among Neanderthals than among anatomically modern humans, is published by Beier ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Judith Beier |author2=Nils Anthes |author3=Joachim Wahl |author4=Katerina Harvati |year=2018 |title=Similar cranial trauma prevalence among Neanderthals and Upper Palaeolithic modern humans |journal=Nature |volume=563 |issue=7733 |pages=686–690 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0696-8 |pmid=30429606 |bibcode=2018Natur.563..686B |s2cid=53306963 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3569613 }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the Buran-Kaya III site in Crimea is published by Prat ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as casting doubt on the survival of Neanderthal refuge zones in Crimea 28,000 years before present, and indicating that the human remains from this site represent some of the oldest evidence of anatomically modern humans in Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=S. Prat |author2=S. Péan |author3=L. Crépin |author4=S. Puaud |author5=D.G. Drucker |author6=M. Lázničková-Galetová |author7=J. Van der Plicht |author8=H. Valladas |author9=C. Verna |author10=M. Patou-Mathis |author11=M. Lebon |author12=A. Yanevich |year=2018 |title=The first anatomically modern humans from South-Eastern Europe. Contributions from the Buran-Kaya III Site (Crimea) |journal=Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris |volume=30 |issue=3–4 |pages=169–179 |doi=10.3166/bmsap-2018-0032 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the use of plants by early modern humans during the Middle Stone Age as indicated by analyses of [[Biology:Phytolith|phytolith]]s from the Pinnacle Point locality ({{wipe|South Africa}}) is published by Esteban ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Irene Esteban |author2=Curtis W. Marean |author3=Erich C. Fisher |author4=Panagiotis Karkanas |author5=Dan Cabanes |author6=Rosa M. Albert |year=2018 |title=Phytoliths as an indicator of early modern humans plant gathering strategies, fire fuel and site occupation intensity during the Middle Stone Age at Pinnacle Point 5-6 (south coast, South Africa) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=e0198558 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0198558 |pmid=29864147 |pmc=5986156 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1398558E |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the climatic changes in the [[Earth:Lake Tana|Lake Tana]] area in the last 150,000 years and their implications for early modern human dispersal out of Africa is published by Lamb ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Henry F. Lamb |author2=C. Richard Bates |author3=Charlotte L. Bryant |author4=Sarah J. Davies |author5=Dei G. Huws |author6=Michael H. Marshall |author7=Helen M. Roberts |year=2018 |title=150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 1077 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-19601-w |pmid=29348464 |pmc=5773494 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.1077L }}</ref>
* A review of fossil, archaeological, genetic, and paleoenvironmental data on the origin of ''Homo sapiens'' is published by Scerri ''et al.'' (2018), who argue that ''Homo sapiens'' evolved within a set of interlinked groups living across Africa, whose connectivity changed through time, rather than from a single region/population in Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Eleanor M.L. Scerri |author2=Mark G. Thomas |author3=Andrea Manica |author4=Philipp Gunz |author5=Jay T. Stock |author6=Chris Stringer |author7=Matt Grove |author8=Huw S. Groucutt |author9=Axel Timmermann |author10=G. Philip Rightmire |author11=Francesco d'Errico |author12=Christian A. Tryon |author13=Nick A. Drake |author14=Alison S. Brooks |author15=Robin W. Dennell |author16=Richard Durbin |author17=Brenna M. Henn |author18=Julia Lee-Thorp |author19=Peter deMenocal |author20=Michael D. Petraglia |author21=Jessica C. Thompson |author22=Aylwyn Scally |author23=Lounès Chikhi |year=2018 |title=Did our species evolve in subdivided populations across Africa, and why does it matter? |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=582–594 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2018.05.005 |pmid=30007846 |pmc=6092560 }}</ref>
* A review of the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental datasets relating to the Middle–Late Pleistocene dispersal of ''Homo sapiens'' within and beyond Africa is published by Roberts & Stewart (2018), who argue that ''H. sapiens'' developed a new ecological niche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Patrick Roberts |author2=Brian A. Stewart |year=2018 |title=Defining the 'generalist specialist' niche for Pleistocene ''Homo sapiens'' |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=542–550 |doi=10.1038/s41562-018-0394-4 |pmid=31209320 |s2cid=51881319 }}</ref>
* A study on the evolution of modern human brain shape based on [[Biology:Endocast|endocast]]s of ''Homo sapiens'' fossils from different geologic time periods is published by Neubauer, Hublin & Gunz (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Simon Neubauer |author2=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author3=Philipp Gunz |year=2018 |title=The evolution of modern human brain shape |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=eaao5961 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aao5961 |pmid=29376123 |pmc=5783678 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.5961N }}</ref>
* Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] hominin tracks, probably produced by ''Homo sapiens'', are described from the Waenhuiskrans Formation ({{wipe|South Africa}}) by Helm ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Charles W. Helm |author2=Richard T. McCrea |author3=Hayley C. Cawthra |author4=Martin G. Lockley |author5=Richard M. Cowling |author6=Curtis W. Marean |author7=Guy H. H. Thesen |author8=Tammy S. Pigeon |author9=Sinèad Hattingh |year=2018 |title=A new Pleistocene hominin tracksite from the Cape south coast, South Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 3772 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-22059-5 |pmid=29491482 |pmc=5830700 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.3772H }}</ref>
* A study on the proxy evidence for environmental changes during past 116,000 years in lake sediment cores from the Chew Bahir basin, south Ethiopia (close to the key hominin site of Omo Kibish), and on its implications for inferring the environmental context for dispersal of anatomically modern humans from northeastern Africa, is published by Viehberg ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Finn A. Viehberg |author2=Janna Just |author3=Jonathan R. Dean |author4=Bernd Wagner |author5=Sven Oliver Franz |author6=Nicole Klasen |author7=Thomas Kleinen |author8=Patrick Ludwig |author9=Asfawossen Asrat |author10=Henry F. Lamb |author11=Melanie J. Leng |author12=Janet Rethemeyer |author13=Antoni E. Milodowski |author14=Martin Claussen |author15=Frank Schäbitz |year=2018 |title=Environmental change during MIS4 and MIS 3 opened corridors in the Horn of Africa for ''Homo sapiens'' expansion |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=202 |pages=139–153 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.008 |bibcode=2018QSRv..202..139V |doi-access=free |hdl=21.11116/0000-0002-4B3E-6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the age of a modern human mandible with teeth from the Misliya cave (Mount Carmel, [[Place:Israel|Israel]]) is published by Hershkovitz ''et al.'' (2018), who date the fossil as at least 177,000 years old, representing the oldest reported fossil of a member of the ''Homo sapiens'' clade found outside Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Israel Hershkovitz |author2=Gerhard W. Weber |author3=Rolf Quam |author4=Mathieu Duval |author5=Rainer Grün |author6=Leslie Kinsley |author7=Avner Ayalon |author8=Miryam Bar-Matthews |author9=Helene Valladas |author10=Norbert Mercier |author11=Juan Luis Arsuaga |author12=María Martinón-Torres |author13=José María Bermúdez de Castro |author14=Cinzia Fornai |author15=Laura Martín-Francés |author16=Rachel Sarig |author17=Hila May |author18=Viktoria A. Krenn |author19=Viviane Slon |author20=Laura Rodríguez |author21=Rebeca García |author22=Carlos Lorenzo |author23=Jose Miguel Carretero |author24=Amos Frumkin |author25=Ruth Shahack-Gross |author26=Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer |author27=Yaming Cui |author28=Xinzhi Wu |author29=Natan Peled |author30=Iris Groman-Yaroslavski |author31=Lior Weissbrod |author32=Reuven Yeshurun |author33=Alexander Tsatskin |author34=Yossi Zaidner |author35=Mina Weinstein-Evron |year=2018 |title=The earliest modern humans outside Africa |journal=Science |volume=359 |issue=6374 |pages=456–459 |doi=10.1126/science.aap8369 |pmid=29371468 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..456H |s2cid=206664380 |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/372670 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Warren D. Sharp |author2=James B. Paces |year=2018 |title=Comment on "The earliest modern humans outside Africa" |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6413 |pages=eaat6598 |doi=10.1126/science.aat6598 |pmid=30361342 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.6598S |s2cid=53088050 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Israel Hershkovitz |author2=Mathieu Duval |author3=Rainer Grün |author4=Norbert Mercier |author5=Helene Valladas |author6=Avner Ayalon |author7=Miryam Bar-Matthews |author8=Gerhard W. Weber |author9=Rolf Quam |author10=Yossi Zaidner |author11=Mina Weinstein-Evron |year=2018 |title=Response to Comment on "The earliest modern humans outside Africa" |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6413 |pages=eaat8964 |doi=10.1126/science.aat8964 |pmid=30361343 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.8964H |s2cid=53087975 |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/388475 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A [[Biology:Phalanx bone|phalanx]] of a member of the species ''Homo sapiens'' is described from the ≈95–86,000 years old Al Wusta site ([[Earth:An Nafud|An Nafud]], Saudi Arabia) by Groucutt ''et al.'' (2018), representing the oldest directly dated fossil of ''Homo sapiens'' found outside Africa and the Levant.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Huw S. Groucutt |author2=Rainer Grün |author3=Iyad A. S. Zalmout |author4=Nick A. Drake |author5=Simon J. Armitage |author6=Ian Candy |author7=Richard Clark-Wilson |author8=Julien Louys |author9=Paul S. Breeze |author10=Mathieu Duval |author11=Laura T. Buck |author12=Tracy L. Kivell |author13=Emma Pomeroy |author14=Nicholas B. Stephens |author15=Jay T. Stock |author16=Mathew Stewart |author17=Gilbert J. Price |author18=Leslie Kinsley |author19=Wing Wai Sung |author20=Abdullah Alsharekh |author21=Abdulaziz Al-Omari |author22=Muhammad Zahir |author23=Abdullah M. Memesh |author24=Ammar J. Abdulshakoor |author25=Abdu M. Al-Masari |author26=Ahmed A. Bahameem |author27=Khaled M. S. Al Murayyi |author28=Badr Zahrani |author29=Eleanor L. M. Scerri |author30=Michael D. Petraglia |year=2018 |title=''Homo sapiens'' in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=800–809 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2 |pmid=29632352 |pmc=5935238 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..800G }}</ref>
* A study on the effects of the [[Earth:Toba catastrophe theory|Toba supereruption]] in East Africa is published by Yost ''et al.'' (2018), who find no evidence of the eruption causing a [[Earth:Volcanic winter|volcanic winter]] in East Africa or a [[Biology:Population bottleneck|population bottleneck]] among African populations of anatomically modern humans.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chad L. Yost |author2=Lily J. Jackson |author3=Jeffery R. Stone |author4=Andrew S. Cohen |year=2018 |title=Subdecadal phytolith and charcoal records from Lake Malawi, East Africa imply minimal effects on human evolution from the ~74 ka Toba supereruption |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=116 |pages=75–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.11.005 |pmid=29477183 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Microscopic glass shards characteristic of the Youngest Toba Tuff (ashfall from the Toba eruption), dated as approximately 74,000 years old, are described from two archaeological sites on the south coast of {{wipe|South Africa}} by Smith ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that humans in this region thrived through the Toba event and the ensuing full glacial conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Eugene I. Smith |author2=Zenobia Jacobs |author3=Racheal Johnsen |author4=Minghua Ren |author5=Erich C. Fisher |author6=Simen Oestmo |author7=Jayne Wilkins |author8=Jacob A. Harris |author9=Panagiotis Karkanas |author10=Shelby Fitch |author11=Amber Ciravolo |author12=Deborah Keenan |author13=Naomi Cleghorn |author14=Christine S. Lane |author15=Thalassa Matthews |author16=Curtis W. Marean |year=2018 |title=Humans thrived in South Africa through the Toba eruption about 74,000 years ago |journal=Nature |volume=555 |issue=7697 |pages=511–515 |doi=10.1038/nature25967 |pmid=29531318 |bibcode=2018Natur.555..511S |s2cid=4443481 |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1144&context=geo_fac_articles }}</ref>
* Evidence of human activity dating back to 78,000 years ago is reported from the Panga ya Saidi cave (Kenya) by Shipton ''et al.'' (2018), who describe a rich technological sequence that includes lithic forms elsewhere associated with the Middle Stone Age and the [[History:Later Stone Age|Later Stone Age]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ceri Shipton |author2=Patrick Roberts |author3=Will Archer |author4=Simon J. Armitage |author5=Caesar Bita |author6=James Blinkhorn |author7=Colin Courtney-Mustaphi |author8=Alison Crowther |author9=Richard Curtis |author10=Francesco d' Errico |author11=Katerina Douka |author12=Patrick Faulkner |author13=Huw S. Groucutt |author14=Richard Helm |author15=Andy I. R Herries |author16=Severinus Jembe |author17=Nikos Kourampas |author18=Julia Lee-Thorp |author19=Rob Marchant |author20=Julio Mercader |author21=Africa Pitarch Marti |author22=Mary E. Prendergast |author23=Ben Rowson |author24=Amini Tengeza |author25=Ruth Tibesasa |author26=Tom S. White |author27=Michael D. Petraglia |author28=Nicole Boivin |year=2018 |title=78,000-year-old record of Middle and Later stone age innovation in an East African tropical forest |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 1832 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-04057-3 |pmid=29743572 |pmc=5943315 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.1832S }}</ref>
* A [[Engineering:Hatching|cross-hatched]] pattern drawn with an ochre crayon is reported from approximately 73,000-year-old Middle Stone Age levels at [[Earth:Blombos Cave|Blombos Cave]] ({{wipe|South Africa}}) by Henshilwood ''et al.'' (2018), pre-dating previously known abstract and figurative drawings by at least 30,000 years.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christopher S. Henshilwood |author2=Francesco d'Errico |author3=Karen L. van Niekerk |author4=Laure Dayet |author5=Alain Queffelec |author6=Luca Pollarolo |year=2018 |title=An abstract drawing from the 73,000-year-old levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa |journal=Nature |volume=562 |issue=7725 |pages=115–118 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0514-3 |pmid=30209394 |bibcode=2018Natur.562..115H |s2cid=52197496 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01976973/file/Henshilwood-etal_2018.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the cave art from the [[Earth:Kapova Cave|Kapova Cave]] ({{wipe|Russia}}) is published by Dublyansky ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yuri Dublyansky |author2=Gina E. Moseley |author3=Yuri Lyakhnitsky |author4=Hai Cheng |author5=Lawrence R. Edwards |author6=Denis Scholz |author7=Gabriella Koltai |author8=Christoph Spötl |year=2018 |title=Late Palaeolithic cave art and permafrost in the Southern Ural |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 12080 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-30049-w |pmid=30104606 |pmc=6089975 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812080D }}</ref>
* New rock art site, linkable chronoculturally to the Early [[Earth:Upper Paleolithic|Upper Paleolithic]], is identified in Las Ventanas Cave ({{wipe|Spain}}) by Cortés-Sánchez ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Miguel Cortés-Sánchez |author2=José Antonio Riquelme-Cantal |author3=María Dolores Simón-Vallejo |author4=Rubén Parrilla Giráldez |author5=Carlos P. Odriozola |author6=Lydia Calle Román |author7=José S. Carrión |author8=Guadalupe Monge Gómez |author9=Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal |author10=Juan José Moyano Campos |author11=Fernando Rico Delgado |author12=Juan Enrique Nieto Julián |author13=Daniel Antón García |author14=M. Aránzazu Martínez-Aguirre |author15=Fernando Jiménez Barredo |author16=Francisco N. Cantero-Chinchilla |year=2018 |title=Pre-Solutrean rock art in southernmost Europe: Evidence from Las Ventanas Cave (Andalusia, Spain) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0204651 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0204651 |pmid=30332432 |pmc=6192576 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1304651C |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Rock art, including a figurative painting of an animal dating to at least 40,000 years ago, is described from the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave (East Kalimantan, Indonesia) by Aubert ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=M. Aubert |author2=P. Setiawan |author3=A. A. Oktaviana |author4=A. Brumm |author5=P. H. Sulistyarto |author6=E. W. Saptomo |author7=B. Istiawan |author8=T. A. Ma'rifat |author9=V. N. Wahyuono |author10=F. T. Atmoko |author11=J.-X. Zhao |author12=J. Huntley |author13=P. S. C. Taçon |author14=D. L. Howard |author15=H. E. A. Brand |year=2018 |title=Palaeolithic cave art in Borneo |journal=Nature |volume=564 |issue=7735 |pages=254–257 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0679-9 |pmid=30405242 |bibcode=2018Natur.564..254A |s2cid=53208538 }}</ref>
* A study on changes in [[Ochre|ochre]] use throughout an entire [[Earth:Upper Paleolithic|Upper Paleolithic]] sequence at Hohle Fels cave ({{wipe|Germany}}) is published by Velliky, Porr & Conard (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Elizabeth C. Velliky |author2=Martin Porr |author3=Nicholas J. Conard |year=2018 |title=Ochre and pigment use at Hohle Fels cave: Results of the first systematic review of ochre and ochre-related artefacts from the Upper Palaeolithic in Germany |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=e0209874 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0209874 |pmid=30589914 |pmc=6307870 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1309874V |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the timing and mechanisms of the initial colonization of the Nwya Devu [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] site ([[Place:Tibetan Plateau|Tibetan Plateau]]) by humans is published by Zhang ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=X. L. Zhang |author2=B. B. Ha |author3=S. J. Wang |author4=Z. J. Chen |author5=J. Y. Ge |author6=H. Long |author7=W. He |author8=W. Da |author9=X. M. Nian |author10=M. J. Yi |author11=X. Y. Zhou |author12=P. Q. Zhang |author13=Y. S. Jin |author14=O. Bar-Yosef |author15=J. W. Olsen |author16=X. Gao |year=2018 |title=The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6418 |pages=1049–1051 |doi=10.1126/science.aat8824 |pmid=30498126 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.1049Z |s2cid=54165488 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the human use of rainforest plant resources of prehistoric Sri Lanka, as indicated by data from [[Biology:Phytolith|phytolith]]s from the Fahien Rock Shelter sediments, is published by Premathilake & Hunt (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rathnasiri Premathilake |author2=Chris O. Hunt |year=2018 |title=Late Pleistocene humans in Sri Lanka used plant resources: A phytolith record from Fahien rock shelter |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=505 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.015 |bibcode=2018PPP...505....1P |s2cid=133979583 |url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8819/1/PAPER-Text-April-11-without%20changes%20marked.pdf }}</ref>
* A reassessment of the Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] human occupation site at Leang Burung 2 (Sulawesi, Indonesia), presenting new stratigraphic information and dating evidence from the site, is published by Brumm ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Adam Brumm |author2=Budianto Hakim |author3=Muhammad Ramli |author4=Maxime Aubert |author5=Gerrit D. van den Bergh |author6=Bo Li |author7=Basran Burhan |author8=Andi Muhammad Saiful |author9=Linda Siagian |author10=Ratno Sardi |author11=Andi Jusdi |author12=Abdullah |author13=Andi Pampang Mubarak |author14=Mark W. Moore |author15=Richard G. Roberts |author16=Jian-xin Zhao |author17=David McGahan |author18=Brian G. Jones |author19=Yinika Perston |author20=Katherine Szabó |author21=M. Irfan Mahmud |author22=Kira Westaway |author23=Jatmiko |author24=E. Wahyu Saptomo |author25=Sander van der Kaars |author26=Rainer Grün |author27=Rachel Wood |author28=John Dodson |author29=Michael J. Morwood |year=2018 |title=A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=e0193025 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0193025 |pmid=29641524 |pmc=5894965 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1393025B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the timing of arrival of anatomically modern humans to Southeast Asia and [[Earth:Australia (continent)|Sahul]] is published by O'Connell ''et al.'' (2018), who consider it unlikely that the artifacts from Madjedbebe (northern {{wipe|Australia}}) reported by Clarkson ''et al.'' (2017)<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chris Clarkson |author2=Zenobia Jacobs |author3=Ben Marwick |author4=Richard Fullagar |author5=Lynley Wallis |author6=Mike Smith |author7=Richard G. Roberts |author8=Elspeth Hayes |author9=Kelsey Lowe |author10=Xavier Carah |author11=S. Anna Florin |author12=Jessica McNeil |author13=Delyth Cox |author14=Lee J. Arnold |author15=Quan Hua |author16=Jillian Huntley |author17=Helen E. A. Brand |author18=Tiina Manne |author19=Andrew Fairbairn |author20=James Shulmeister |author21=Lindsey Lyle |author22=Makiah Salinas |author23=Mara Page |author24=Kate Connell |author25=Gayoung Park |author26=Kasih Norman |author27=Tessa Murphy |author28=Colin Pardoe |year=2017 |title=Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago |journal=Nature |volume=547 |issue=7663 |pages=306–310 |doi=10.1038/nature22968 |pmid=28726833 |bibcode=2017Natur.547..306C |hdl=2440/107043 |s2cid=205257212 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> are more than 50,000 years old.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=James F. O'Connell |author2=Jim Allen |author3=Martin A. J. Williams |author4=Alan N. Williams |author5=Chris S. M. Turney |author6=Nigel A. Spooner |author7=Johan Kamminga |author8=Graham Brown |author9=Alan Cooper |year=2018 |title=When did ''Homo sapiens'' first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=34 |pages=8482–8490 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1808385115 |pmid=30082377 |pmc=6112744 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8482O |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study investigating the most likely route used by early modern humans to colonize Sahul is published by Kealy, Louys & O'Connor (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Shimona Kealy |author2=Julien Louys |author3=Sue O'Connor |year=2018 |title=Least-cost pathway models indicate northern human dispersal from Sunda to Sahul |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=125 |pages=59–70 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.003 |pmid=30502898 |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/230317 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the results of re-excavation of Karnatukul (Serpent's Glen rockshelter in the Australian [[Earth:Little Sandy Desert|Little Sandy Desert]]), as well as on the chronology of this site, is published by McDonald ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jo McDonald |author2=Wendy Reynen |author3=Fiona Petchey |author4=Kane Ditchfield |author5=Chae Byrne |author6=Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse |author7=Matthias Leopold |author8=Peter Veth |year=2018 |title=''Karnatukul'' (Serpent's Glen): A new chronology for the oldest site in Australia's Western Desert |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=e0202511 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0202511 |pmid=30231025 |pmc=6145509 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1302511M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Genomic data from seven 15,000-year-old modern humans from Morocco, attributed to the Iberomaurusian culture, is presented by van de Loosdrecht ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence of a genetic affinity of the studied individuals with early [[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]] Near Easterners.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marieke van de Loosdrecht |author2=Abdeljalil Bouzouggar |author3=Louise Humphrey |author4=Cosimo Posth |author5=Nick Barton |author6=Ayinuer Aximu-Petri |author7=Birgit Nickel |author8=Sarah Nagel |author9=El Hassan Talbi |author10=Mohammed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui |author11=Saaïd Amzazi |author12=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author13=Svante Pääbo |author14=Stephan Schiffels |author15=Matthias Meyer |author16=Wolfgang Haak |author17=Choongwon Jeong |author18=Johannes Krause |year=2018 |title=Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6388 |pages=548–552 |doi=10.1126/science.aar8380 |pmid=29545507 |bibcode=2018Sci...360..548V |s2cid=206666517 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on charred food remains from Shubayqa 1, a Natufian hunter-gatherer site located in northeastern Jordan and dated to 14.6–11.6 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|ka]] [[Earth:Before Present#Radiocarbon calibration|cal BP]], is published by Arranz-Otaegui ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their findings as providing the earliest empirical evidence for the preparation of bread-like products by Natufian hunter-gatherers, predating the emergence of agriculture by at least 4,000 years.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Amaia Arranz-Otaegui |author2=Lara Gonzalez Carretero |author3=Monica N. Ramsey |author4=Dorian Q. Fuller |author5=Tobias Richter |year=2018 |title=Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=31 |pages=7925–7930 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1801071115 |pmid=30012614 |pmc=6077754 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.7925A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the timing of first human arrival in {{wipe|Madagascar}}, as indicated by evidence of prehistoric human modification of multiple [[Biology:Elephant bird|elephant bird]] postcranial elements, is published by Hansford ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=James Hansford |author2=Patricia C. Wright |author3=Armand Rasoamiaramanana |author4=Ventura R. Pérez |author5=Laurie R. Godfrey |author6=David Errickson |author7=Tim Thompson |author8=Samuel T. Turvey |year=2018 |title=Early Holocene human presence in Madagascar evidenced by exploitation of avian megafauna |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=eaat6925 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aat6925 |pmid=30214938 |pmc=6135541 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.6925H }}</ref>
* A study on the timing of human colonization of Madagascar, as indicated by data from butchery marks on [[Biology:Megafauna|megafauna]]l bones, radiocarbon chronology of bone deposits and an analysis of the sedimentary record, is published by Anderson ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Atholl Anderson |author2=Geoffrey Clark |author3=Simon Haberle |author4=Tom Higham |author5=Malgosia Nowak-Kemp |author6=Amy Prendergast |author7=Chantal Radimilahy |author8=Lucien M. Rakotozafy |author9=Ramilisonina |author10=Jean-Luc Schwenninger |author11=Malika Virah-Sawmy |author12=Aaron Camens |year=2018 |title=New evidence of megafaunal bone damage indicates late colonization of Madagascar |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=e0204368 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0204368 |pmid=30303989 |pmc=6179221 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1304368A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of the [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] of three partial human mandibles from the [[Earth:Niah National Park#Niah Caves|Niah Caves]] (Sarawak, Malaysia) and a study on the age of these bones is published by Curnoe ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Darren Curnoe |author2=Ipoi Datan |author3=Jian-xin Zhao |author4=Charles Leh Moi Ung |author5=Maxime Aubert |author6=Mohammed S. Sauffi |author7=Goh Hsiao Mei |author8=Raynold Mendoza |author9=Paul S. C. Taçon |year=2018 |title=Rare Late Pleistocene-early Holocene human mandibles from the Niah Caves (Sarawak, Borneo) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=e0196633 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0196633 |pmid=29874227 |pmc=5991356 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1396633C |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study investigating whether the human population occupying [[Earth:Beringia|Beringia]] during the [[Earth:Last Glacial Maximum|Last Glacial Maximum]] represented an example of human adaptation to an extreme environment, focusing on gene variations which might have conferred advantage in transmitting nutrients from mother to infant through breast milk under conditions of extremely low UV, is published by Hlusko ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Leslea J. Hlusko |author2=Joshua P. Carlson |author3=George Chaplin |author4=Scott A. Elias |author5=John F. Hoffecker |author6=Michaela Huffman |author7=Nina G. Jablonski |author8=Tesla A. Monson |author9=Dennis H. O'Rourke |author10=Marin A. Pilloud |author11=G. Richard Scott |year=2018 |title=Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=19 |pages=E4426–E4432 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1711788115 |pmid=29686092 |pmc=5948952 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115E4426H |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A review of the genetic, archeological and paleoecological data on the course of the settlement of the Americas is published by Potter ''et al.'' (2018), who argue that available evidence is consistent with an inland migration through an ice-free corridor or with a [[Unsolved:Coastal migration (Americas)|migration through Pacific coastal routes]] (or both), but neither can be rejected.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ben A. Potter |author2=James F. Baichtal |author3=Alwynne B. Beaudoin |author4=Lars Fehren-Schmitz |author5=C. Vance Haynes |author6=Vance T. Holliday |author7=Charles E. Holmes |author8=John W. Ives |author9=Robert L. Kelly |author10=Bastien Llamas |author11=Ripan S. Malhi |author12=D. Shane Miller |author13=David Reich |author14=Joshua D. Reuther |author15=Stephan Schiffels |author16=Todd A. Surovell |year=2018 |title=Current evidence allows multiple models for the peopling of the Americas |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=eaat5473 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aat5473 |pmid=30101195 |pmc=6082647 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.5473P }}</ref>
* A study on the timing of the latest Pleistocene glaciation in southeastern [[Earth:Alaska|Alaska]] and its implication for inferring the route and timing of early human migration to the Americas is published by Lesnek ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alia J. Lesnek |author2=Jason P. Briner |author3=Charlotte Lindqvist |author4=James F. Baichtal |author5=Timothy H. Heaton |year=2018 |title=Deglaciation of the Pacific coastal corridor directly preceded the human colonization of the Americas |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=eaar5040 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar5040 |pmid=29854947 |pmc=5976267 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.5040L }}</ref>
* A study on the technological traits of fluted projectile points from northern [[Earth:Alaska|Alaska]] and [[Earth:Yukon|Yukon]], in combination with artifacts from further south in {{wipe|Canada}}, the Great Plains, and eastern {{wipe|United States}}, evaluating the plausibility of historical relatedness and evolutionary patterns in the spread of fluted-point technology in North America in the latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene, is published by Smith & Goebel (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Heather L. Smith |author2=Ted Goebel |year=2018 |title=Origins and spread of fluted-point technology in the Canadian Ice-Free Corridor and eastern Beringia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=16 |pages=4116–4121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1800312115 |pmid=29610336 |pmc=5910867 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4116S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Late [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] human footprints left by a minimum of three people are described from the Calvert Island (British Columbia, Canada) by McLaren ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Duncan McLaren |author2=Daryl Fedje |author3=Angela Dyck |author4=Quentin Mackie |author5=Alisha Gauvreau |author6=Jenny Cohen |year=2018 |title=Terminal Pleistocene epoch human footprints from the Pacific coast of Canada |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=e0193522 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0193522 |pmid=29590165 |pmc=5873988 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1393522M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Associated human and [[Biology:Ground sloth|ground sloth]] tracks are described from the [[Biology:Rancholabrean|Rancholabrean]] deposits in the White Sands National Park (New Mexico, {{wipe|United States}}) by Bustos ''et al.'' (2018), who interpret their finding as evidence of humans actively stalking, harassing and likely hunting ground sloths in the late Pleistocene.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=David Bustos |author2=Jackson Jakeway |author3=Tommy M. Urban |author4=Vance T. Holliday |author5=Brendan Fenerty |author6=David A. Raichlen |author7=Marcin Budka |author8=Sally C. Reynolds |author9=Bruce D. Allen |author10=David W. Love |author11=Vincent L. Santucci |author12=Daniel Odess |author13=Patrick Willey |author14=H. Gregory McDonald |author15=Matthew R. Bennett |year=2018 |title=Footprints preserve terminal Pleistocene hunt? Human-sloth interactions in North America |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=eaar7621 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar7621 |pmid=29707640 |pmc=5916513  |bibcode=2018SciA....4.7621B }}</ref>
* A study on the age of a series of sedimentary samples from the earliest cultural assemblage at the Gault Site ({{wipe|Texas}}, {{wipe|United States}}), including a previously unknown, early projectile point technology unrelated to Clovis, is published by Williams ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thomas J. Williams |author2=Michael B. Collins |author3=Kathleen Rodrigues |author4=William Jack Rink |author5=Nancy Velchoff |author6=Amanda Keen-Zebert |author7=Anastasia Gilmer |author8=Charles D. Frederick |author9=Sergio J. Ayala |author10=Elton R. Prewitt |year=2018 |title=Evidence of an early projectile point technology in North America at the Gault Site, Texas, USA |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=eaar5954 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar5954 |pmid=30009257 |pmc=6040843  |bibcode=2018SciA....4.5954W }}</ref>
* A robust [[Engineering:Lithic technology|lithic]] [[Engineering:Projectile point|projectile point]] assemblage is reported from the layers dated between ≈13.5 and 15.5 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|ka]] ago at the Debra L. Friedkin site (Texas, United States) by Waters ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Michael R. Waters |author2=Joshua L. Keene |author3=Steven L. Forman |author4=Elton R. Prewitt |author5=David L. Carlson |author6=James E. Wiederhold |year=2018 |title=Pre-Clovis projectile points at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas—Implications for the Late Pleistocene peopling of the Americas |journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=eaat4505 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aat4505 |pmid=30397643 |pmc=6200361 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.4505W }}</ref>
* A study on the age of the Anzick burial site (Montana, {{wipe|United States}}) is published by Becerra-Valdivia ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lorena Becerra-Valdivia |author2=Michael R. Waters |author3=Thomas W. Stafford Jr. |author4=Sarah L. Anzick |author5=Daniel Comeskey |author6=Thibaut Devièse |author7=Thomas Higham |year=2018 |title=Reassessing the chronology of the archaeological site of Anzick |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=27 |pages=7000–7003 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1803624115 |pmid=29915063 |pmc=6142201 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.7000B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* The genome of two infants from the Upward Sun River site dated 11,500 years ago is sequenced, leading to the discovery of the Ancient Beringian ethnic group.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moreno-Mayar |first1=J. Víctor |last2=Potter |first2=Ben A. |last3=Vinner |first3=Lasse |last4=Steinrücken |first4=Matthias |last5=Rasmussen |first5=Simon |last6=Terhorst |first6=Jonathan |last7=Kamm |first7=John A. |last8=Albrechtsen |first8=Anders |last9=Malaspinas |first9=Anna-Sapfo|last10=Sikora|first10=Martin |last11=Reuther |first11=Joshua D. |last12=Irish |first12=Joel D. |last13=Malhi |first13=Ripan S. |last14=Orlando |first14=Ludovic |last15=Song |first15=Yun S. |last16=Nielsen |first16=Rasmus |last17=Meltzer |first17=David J. |last18=Willerslev |first18=Eske |display-authors=5 |title=Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans |journal=Nature |volume=553 |issue=7687 |pages=203–207 |year=2018 |doi=10.1038/nature25173 |pmid=29323294 |bibcode=2018Natur.553..203M |s2cid=4454580 |url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7887/1/UpwardSun_Nature%20paper%20MS%20DEC17.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Becker |first=Rachel |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/3/16846644/genome-ancient-beringians-baby-bones-dna-native-american-human-origins-alaska-siberia |title=Ancient baby's DNA reveals completely unknown branch of Native American family tree |work=The Verge |date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref>
* Scheib ''et al.'' (2018) sequence 91 ancient human genomes from California and southwestern Ontario, demonstrating the existence of two distinct ancestries in North America, and finding contribution from both of these ancestral populations in all modern Central and South Americans.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=C. L. Scheib |author2=Hongjie Li |author3=Tariq Desai |author4=Vivian Link |author5=Christopher Kendall |author6=Genevieve Dewar |author7=Peter William Griffith |author8=Alexander Mörseburg |author9=John R. Johnson |author10=Amiee Potter |author11=Susan L. Kerr |author12=Phillip Endicott |author13=John Lindo |author14=Marc Haber |author15=Yali Xue |author16=Chris Tyler-Smith |author17=Manjinder S. Sandhu |author18=Joseph G. Lorenz |author19=Tori D. Randall |author20=Zuzana Faltyskova |author21=Luca Pagani |author22=Petr Danecek |author23=Tamsin C. O'Connell |author23-link=Tamsin O'Connell |author24=Patricia Martz |author25=Alan S. Boraas |author26=Brian F. Byrd |author27=Alan Leventhal |author28=Rosemary Cambra |author29=Ronald Williamson |author30=Louis Lesage |author31=Brian Holguin |author32=Ernestine Ygnacio-De Soto |author33=JohnTommy Rosas |author34=Mait Metspalu |author35=Jay T. Stock |author36=Andrea Manica |author37=Aylwyn Scally |author38=Daniel Wegmann |author39=Ripan S. Malhi |author40=Toomas Kivisild |year=2018 |title=Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6392 |pages=1024–1027 |doi=10.1126/science.aar6851 |pmid=29853687 |bibcode=2018Sci...360.1024S |s2cid=44104351 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283639 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Posth ''et al.'' (2018) report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals from Central and South America, all dating to at least ~9,000 years ago, and interpret their finding as indicative of two previously undocumented genetic exchanges between North and South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Cosimo Posth |author2=Nathan Nakatsuka |author3=Iosif Lazaridis |author4=Pontus Skoglund |author5=Swapan Mallick |author6=Thiseas C. Lamnidis |author7=Nadin Rohland |author8=Kathrin Nägele |author9=Nicole Adamski |author10=Emilie Bertolini |author11=Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht |author12=Alan Cooper |author13=Brendan J. Culleton |author14=Tiago Ferraz |author15=Matthew Ferry |author16=Anja Furtwängler |author17=Wolfgang Haak |author18=Kelly Harkins |author19=Thomas K. Harper |author20=Tábita Hünemeier |author21=Ann Marie Lawson |author22=Bastien Llamas |author23=Megan Michel |author24=Elizabeth Nelson |author25=Jonas Oppenheimer |author26=Nick Patterson |author27=Stephan Schiffels |author28=Jakob Sedig |author29=Kristin Stewardson |author30=Sahra Talamo |author31=Chuan-Chao Wang |author32=Jean-Jacques Hublin |author33=Mark Hubbe |author34=Katerina Harvati |author35=Amalia Nuevo Delaunay |author36=Judith Beier |author37=Michael Francken |author38=Peter Kaulicke |author39=Hugo Reyes-Centeno |author40=Kurt Rademaker |author41=Willa R. Trask |author42=Mark Robinson |author43=Said M. Gutierrez |author44=Keith M. Prufer |author45=Domingo C. Salazar-García |author46=Eliane N. Chim |author47=Lisiane Müller Plumm Gomes |author48=Marcony L. Alves |author49=Andersen Liryo |author50=Mariana Inglez |author51=Rodrigo E. Oliveira |author52=Danilo V. Bernardo |author53=Alberto Barioni |author54=Veronica Wesolowski |author55=Nahuel A. Scheifler |author56=Mario A. Rivera |author57=Claudia R. Plens |author58=Pablo G. Messineo |author59=Levy Figuti |author60=Daniel Corach |author61=Clara Scabuzzo |author62=Sabine Eggers |author63=Paulo DeBlasis |author64=Markus Reindel |author65=César Méndez |author66=Gustavo Politis |author67=Elsa Tomasto-Cagigao |author68=Douglas J. Kennett |author69=André Strauss |author70=Lars Fehren-Schmitz |author71=Johannes Krause |author72=David Reich |year=2018 |title=Reconstructing the deep population history of Central and South America |journal=Cell |volume=175 |issue=5 |pages=1185–1197.e22 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027 |pmid=30415837 |pmc=6327247 }}</ref>
* A study on the history of dispersal and diversification of people within the Americas, based on data from ancient human genomes spanning Alaska to Patagonia, is published by Moreno-Mayar ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar |author2=Lasse Vinner |author3=Peter de Barros Damgaard |author4=Constanza de la Fuente |author5=Jeffrey Chan |author6=Jeffrey P. Spence |author7=Morten E. Allentoft |author8=Tharsika Vimala |author9=Fernando Racimo |author10=Thomaz Pinotti |author11=Simon Rasmussen |author12=Ashot Margaryan |author13=Miren Iraeta Orbegozo |author14=Dorothea Mylopotamitaki |author15=Matthew Wooller |author16=Clement Bataille |author17=Lorena Becerra-Valdivia |author18=David Chivall |author19=Daniel Comeskey |author20=Thibaut Devièse |author21=Donald K. Grayson |author22=Len George |author23=Harold Harry |author24=Verner Alexandersen |author25=Charlotte Primeau |author26=Jon Erlandson |author27=Claudia Rodrigues-Carvalho |author28=Silvia Reis |author29=Murilo Q. R. Bastos |author30=Jerome Cybulski |author31=Carlos Vullo |author32=Flavia Morello |author33=Miguel Vilar |author34=Spencer Wells |author35=Kristian Gregersen |author36=Kasper Lykke Hansen |author37=Niels Lynnerup |author38=Marta Mirazón Lahr |author39=Kurt Kjær |author40=André Strauss |author41=Marta Alfonso-Durruty |author42=Antonio Salas |author43=Hannes Schroeder |author44=Thomas Higham |author45=Ripan S. Malhi |author46=Jeffrey T. Rasic |author47=Luiz Souza |author48=Fabricio R. Santos |author49=Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas |author50=Martin Sikora |author51=Rasmus Nielsen |author52=Yun S. Song |author53=David J. Meltzer |author54=Eske Willerslev |year=2018 |title=Early human dispersals within the Americas |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6419 |pages=eaav2621 |doi=10.1126/science.aav2621 |pmid=30409807 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.2621M |s2cid=53241760 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the site context, geoarchaeology and material assemblages of the Valiente lithic workshop site ({{wipe|Chile}}) is published by Méndez ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=César Méndez |author2=Amalia Nuevo Delaunay |author3=Roxana Seguel |author4=Antonio Maldonado |author5=Ismael Murillo |author6=Douglas Jackson |author7=Eugenio Aspillaga |author8=Roberto Izaurieta |author9=Víctor Méndez |author10=Macarena Fernández |year=2018 |title=Late Pleistocene to early Holocene high-quality quartz crystal procurement from the Valiente quarry workshop site (32°S, Chile, South America) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=e0208062 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0208062 |pmid=30496241 |pmc=6264839 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1308062M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Evidence of plant domestication and food production from the early and middle Holocene site of Teotonio (southwestern [[Place:Amazon rainforest|Amazonia]], {{wipe|Brazil}}) is presented by Watling ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jennifer Watling |author2=Myrtle P. Shock |author3=Guilherme Z. Mongeló |author4=Fernando O. Almeida |author5=Thiago Kater |author6=Paulo E. De Oliveira |author7=Eduardo G. Neves |year=2018 |title=Direct archaeological evidence for Southwestern Amazonia as an early plant domestication and food production centre |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0199868 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199868 |pmid=30044799 |pmc=6059402 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1399868W |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the morphological affinity of the late [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] human skull from the Zlatý kůň site in the Bohemian Karst ([[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]) is published by Rmoutilová ''et al.'' (2018), who also evaluate whether it is possible to determine the sex of the Zlatý kůň individual based on its skull morphology.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rebeka Rmoutilová |author2=Pierre Guyomarc'h |author3=Petr Velemínský |author4=Alena Šefčáková |author5=Mathilde Samsel |author6=Frédéric Santos |author7=Bruno Maureille |author8=Jaroslav Brůžek |year=2018 |title=Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=e0201431 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0201431 |pmid=30161127 |pmc=6116938 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1301431R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the Mesolithic site of Star Carr, indicating that there was intensive human activity at the site for several hundred years when the community was subject to multiple, severe, abrupt climate events that impacted air temperatures, the landscape and the ecosystem of the region, is published by Blockley ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Simon Blockley |author2=Ian Candy |author3=Ian Matthews |author4=Pete Langdon |author5=Cath Langdon |author6=Adrian Palmer |author7=Paul Lincoln |author8=Ashley Abrook |author9=Barry Taylor |author10=Chantal Conneller |author11=Alex Bayliss |author12=Alison MacLeod |author13=Laura Deeprose |author14=Chris Darvill |author15=Rebecca Kearney |author16=Nancy Beavan |author17=Richard Staff |author18=Michael Bamforth |author19=Maisie Taylor |author20=Nicky Milner |year=2018 |title=The resilience of postglacial hunter-gatherers to abrupt climate change |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=810–818 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0508-4 |pmid=29581589 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..810B |s2cid=4354220 |url=http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/76449/1/Blockley%20et%20al%20%20NAT%20HEE%20final%20%287%20files%20merged%29%20%281%29.pdf }}</ref>
* A study on the tools preserved with [[Biography:Ötzi|Ötzi]], evaluating their implications for inferring Ötzi's individual history, the reconstruction of his last days and his cultural and social background, is published by Wierer ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ursula Wierer |author2=Simona Arrighi |author3=Stefano Bertola |author4=Günther Kaufmann |author5=Benno Baumgarten |author6=Annaluisa Pedrotti |author7=Patrizia Pernter |author8=Jacques Pelegrin |year=2018 |title=The Iceman's lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=e0198292 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0198292 |pmid=29924811 |pmc=6010222 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1398292W |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the contents of Ötzi's stomach is published by Maixner ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Frank Maixner |author2=Dmitrij Turaev |author3=Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot |author4=Marek Janko |author5=Ben Krause-Kyora |author6=Michael R. Hoopmann |author7=Ulrike Kusebauch |author8=Mark Sartain |author9=Gea Guerriero |author10=Niall O'Sullivan |author11=Matthew Teasdale |author12=Giovanna Cipollini |author13=Alice Paladin |author14=Valeria Mattiangeli |author15=Marco Samadelli |author16=Umberto Tecchiati |author17=Andreas Putzer |author18=Mine Palazoglu |author19=John Meissen |author20=Sandra Lösch |author21=Philipp Rausch |author22=John F. Baines |author23=Bum Jin Kim |author24=Hyun-Joo An |author25=Paul Gostner |author26=Eduard Egarter-Vigl |author27=Peter Malfertheiner |author28=Andreas Keller |author29=Robert W. Stark |author30=Markus Wenk |author31=David Bishop |author32=Daniel G. Bradley |author33=Oliver Fiehn |author34=Lars Engstrand |author35=Robert L. Moritz |author36=Philip Doble |author37=Andre Franke |author38=Almut Nebel |author39=Klaus Oeggl |author40=Thomas Rattei |author41=Rudolf Grimm |author42=Albert Zink |year=2018 |title=The Iceman's last meal consisted of fat, wild meat, and cereals |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=14 |pages=2348–2355.e9 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.067 |pmid=30017480 |pmc=6065529 }}</ref>
* A study on the compositions of the faunal and stone artifact assemblages at Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia), aiming to determine the last appearance dates of ''[[Biology:Stegodon|Stegodon]]'', [[Biology:Leptoptilos robustus|giant marabou stork]], [[Biology:Old World vulture|Old World vulture]] belonging to the genus ''Trigonoceps'', and Komodo dragon at the Liang Bua site, and to determine what raw materials were preferred by hominins from this site ~50,000–13,000 years ago and whether these preferences were similar to those seen in the stone artifact assemblages attributed to ''[[Biology:Homo floresiensis|Homo floresiensis]]'' or to those attributed to modern humans, is published by Sutikna ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thomas Sutikna |author2=Matthew W. Tocheri |author3=J. Tyler Faith |author4=Jatmiko |author5=Rokus Due Awe |author6=Hanneke J. M.Meijer |author7=E. Wahyu Saptomo |author8=Richard G. Roberts |year=2018 |title=The spatio-temporal distribution of archaeological and faunal finds at Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia) in light of the revised chronology for ''Homo floresiensis'' |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=124 |pages=52–74 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.001 |pmid=30173885 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on genetic variation among a population of Rampasasa pygmies living close to the cave where remains of ''Homo floresiensis'' were discovered is published by Tucci ''et al.'' (2018), who find evidence of admixture with Denisovans and Neanderthals but no evidence for gene flow with other archaic hominins, and interpret their findings as indicating that at least two independent instances of hominin [[Biology:Insular dwarfism|insular dwarfism]] occurred on Flores.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Serena Tucci |author2=Samuel H. Vohr |author3=Rajiv C. McCoy |author4=Benjamin Vernot |author5=Matthew R. Robinson |author6=Chiara Barbieri |author7=Brad J. Nelson |author8=Wenqing Fu |author9=Gludhug A. Purnomo |author10=Herawati Sudoyo |author11=Evan E. Eichler |author12=Guido Barbujani |author13=Peter M. Visscher |author14=Joshua M. Akey |author15=Richard E. Green |year=2018 |title=Evolutionary history and adaptation of a human pygmy population of Flores Island, Indonesia |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6401 |pages=511–516 |doi=10.1126/science.aar8486 |pmid=30072539 |bibcode=2018Sci...361..511T |pmc=6709593}}</ref>
* A synthesis of patterns and incidences of developmental abnormalities and anomalies in the Pleistocene ''Homo'' fossil record is published by [[Biography:Erik Trinkaus|Trinkaus]] (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Erik Trinkaus |year=2018 |title=An abundance of developmental anomalies and abnormalities in Pleistocene people |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=47 |pages=11941–11946 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1814989115 |pmid=30397116 |pmc=6255161 |bibcode=2018PNAS..11511941T |doi-access=free }}</ref>

====New taxa====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''[[Biology:Asiadapis|Asiadapis tapiensis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kenneth D. Rose |author2=Rachel H. Dunn |author3=Kishor Kumar |author4=Jonathan M.G. Perry |author5=Kristen A. Prufrock |author6=Rajendra S. Rana |author7=Thierry Smith |year=2018 |title=New fossils from Tadkeshwar Mine (Gujarat, India) increase primate diversity from the early Eocene Cambay Shale |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=122 |pages=93–107 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.006 |pmid=29886006 |s2cid=47012170 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rose ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] (early [[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]])
|
Cambay Shale Formation
|
{{Flag|India}}
|
|
|-
|
''Brontomomys''<ref name=Brontomomys>{{Cite journal|author1=Amy L. Atwater |author2=E. Christopher Kirk |year=2018 |title=New middle Eocene omomyines (Primates, Haplorhini) from San Diego County, California |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=124 |pages=7–24 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.010 |pmid=30149995 |s2cid=52096220 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Atwater & Kirk
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Uintan|Uintan]])
|
[[Earth:Friars Formation|Friars Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Omomyidae|Omomyidae]]. Genus includes new species ''B. cerutti''.
|
|-
|
''Ekwiiyemakius''<ref name=Brontomomys />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Atwater & Kirk
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Uintan|Uintan]])
|
[[Earth:Friars Formation|Friars Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Omomyidae|Omomyidae]]. Genus includes new species ''E. walshi''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Europolemur|Europolemur midiensis]]''<ref name=Rouzilemur>{{cite journal |author1=Marc Godinot |author2=Henri-Pierre Labarrère |author3=Jorg Erfurt |author4=Jens L. Franzen |author5=Brigitte Lange-Badré |author6=France de Lapparent de Broin |author7=Dominique Vidalenc |year=2018 |title=Un nouveau gisement à vertébrés éocènes, Rouzilhac (MP 10-11), dans la série molassique d'Issel (Aude, France) |journal=Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=141–333 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Godinot ''in'' Godinot ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
|
|-
|
''Gunnelltarsius''<ref name=Brontomomys />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Atwater & Kirk
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Uintan|Uintan]])
|
[[Earth:Friars Formation|Friars Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Omomyidae|Omomyidae]]. Genus includes new species ''G. randalli''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Junzi imperialis|Junzi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Samuel T. Turvey |author2=Kristoffer Bruun |author3=Alejandra Ortiz |author4=James Hansford |author5=Songmei Hu |author6=Yan Ding |author7=Tianen Zhang |author8=Helen J. Chatterjee |year=2018 |title=New genus of extinct Holocene gibbon associated with humans in Imperial China |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6395 |pages=1346–1349 |doi=10.1126/science.aao4903 |pmid=29930136 |bibcode=2018Sci...360.1346T |s2cid=49362994 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047879/ |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Turvey ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
A [[Biology:Gibbon|gibbon]]. Genus includes new species ''J. imperialis''.
|
|-
|
''Namadapis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Marc Godinot |author2=Brigitte Senut |author3=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=Primitive Adapidae from Namibia sheds light on the early primate radiation in Africa |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=20 |pages=140–162 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/8c3_AA8%20Godinot,%20Senut,%20Pickford2018_%20Adapidae.pdf }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Godinot, Senut & Pickford
|
Middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Namibia}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Adapidae|Adapidae]] belonging to the subfamily [[Biology:Caenopithecinae|Caenopithecinae]]. The type species is ''N. interdictus''.
|
|-
|
''Rouzilemur''<ref name=Rouzilemur />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Godinot ''in'' Godinot ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Notharctidae|Notharctidae]]. Genus includes new species ''R. pulcher''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Simiolus|Simiolus minutus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=James B. Rossie |author2=Andrew Hill |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Simiolus'' from the middle Miocene of the Tugen Hills, Kenya |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=125 |pages=50–58 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.09.002 |pmid=30502897 |s2cid=54625375 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20181105">{{cite news |last=St. Fleur |first=Nicholas |title=Tiniest Ape Ever Discovered Hints at the Rise of the Monkeys - The newly identified extinct primate weighed slightly less than an average house cat. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/science/tiniest-ape-extinct.html |date=5 November 2018 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |access-date=7 November 2018 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Rossie & Hill
|
Middle Miocene
|
[[Earth:Ngorora Formation|Ngorora Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Kenya}}
|
|
|-
|
''Walshina''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sergi López-Torres |author2=Mary T. Silcox |author3=Patricia A. Holroyd |year=2018 |title=New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates) |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=Article number 21.3.37A |url=https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/pdfs/756.pdf |doi=10.26879/756 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
López-Torres, Silcox & Holroyd
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Uintan|Uintan]] and [[Earth:Duchesnean|Duchesnean]])
|
[[Earth:Sespe Formation|Sespe Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}}<br>{{Flag|Wyoming}})
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Omomyidae|Omomyidae]]. The type species is ''W. esmaraldensis''; genus also includes ''W. mcgrewi'' (Robinson, 1968) and ''W. shifrae'' (Krishtalka, 1978).
|
|-
|}

===Other eutherians===
* Putative [[Earth:Cretaceous|Cretaceous]] [[Biology:Metatheria|metatheria]]n ''[[Biology:Sinodelphys|Sinodelphys]] szalayi'' is reinterpreted as an early member of [[Biology:Eutheria|Eutheria]] by Bi ''et al.'' (2018).<ref name=Ambolestes />
* A study on the anatomy of the [[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] [[Biology:Eutheria|eutheria]]n ''Endotherium niinomii'' is published by Wang ''et al.'' (2018), who consider this species to be a valid taxon.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yuan-Qing Wang |author2=Nao Kusuhashi |author3=Xun Jin |author4=Chuan-Kui Li |author5=Takeshi Setoguchi |author6=Chun-Ling Gao |author7=Jin-Yuan Liu |year=2018 |title=Reappraisal of ''Endotherium niinomii'' Shikama, 1947, a eutherian mammal from the Lower Cretaceous Fuxin Formation, Fuxin-Jinzhou Basin, Liaoning, China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=180–192 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180226 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201802/t20180226_4967541.html }}</ref>
* Napoli ''et al.'' (2018) digitally visualize and describe the [[Biology:Endocast|endocast]] of a [[Biology:Taeniodonta|taeniodont]] ''Onychodectes tisonensis''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=James G. Napoli |author2=Thomas E. Williamson |author3=Sarah L. Shelley |author4=Stephen L. Brusatte |year=2018 |title=A Digital Endocranial Cast of the Early Paleocene (Puercan) 'Archaic' Mammal ''Onychodectes tisonensis'' (Eutheria: Taeniodonta) |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=179–195 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9381-1 |pmid=29755252 |pmc=5938319 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating when [[Biology:Solenodon|solenodon]]s split from other [[Biology:Eulipotyphla|eulipotyphla]]ns, based on updated fossil calibrations, is published by Springer, Murphy & Roca (2018), who place the split between solenodons and other eulipotyphlans in the [[Earth:Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mark S. Springer |author2=William J. Murphy |author3=Alfred L. Roca |year=2018 |title=Appropriate fossil calibrations and tree constraints uphold the Mesozoic divergence of solenodons from other extant mammals |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=121 |pages=158–165 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.007 |pmid=29331683 }}</ref>
* Fragment of the mandible of the [[Biology:Mole (animal)|mole]] ''Mongoloscapter zhegalloi'' is described from the Late [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]] Tsakhir-Ula locality (Mongolia) by Lopatin (2018), representing the second record of ''Mongoloscapter'' reported so far.<ref>{{cite journal |author=A. V. Lopatin |year=2018 |title=A new record of ''Mongoloscapter'' (Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia) from the Oligocene of Mongolia |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=677–681 |doi=10.1134/S0031030118060072 |bibcode=2018PalJ...52..677L |s2cid=92802900 }}</ref>
* A study comparing the size and morphology of the [[Biology:Common shrew|common shrew]] (''Sorex araneus''), ''Sorex runtonensis'', the [[Biology:Tundra shrew|tundra shrew]] (''S. tundrensis'') and the [[Biology:Caucasian shrew|Caucasian shrew]] (''S. satununi'') with the type material of the fossil shrew ''Sorex subaraneus'' (in order to either support or falsify the validity of ''S. subaraneus'' and the putative ancestry of the extant common shrew) is published by Rzebik-Kowalska & Pereswiet-Soltan (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Barbara Rzebik-Kowalska |author2=Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan |year=2018 |title=Contribution to the validity and taxonomic status of the European fossil shrew ''Sorex subaraneus'' and the origin of ''Sorex araneus'' (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla, Insectivora, Mammalia) |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=Article number 21.2.33A |doi=10.26879/788 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the gymnure ''[[Biology:Deinogalerix|Deinogalerix]]'' within the tribe Galericini is published by Borrani ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Antonio Borrani |author2=Andrea Savorelli |author3=Federico Masini |author4=Paul P. A. Mazza |year=2018 |title=The tangled cases of ''Deinogalerix'' (Late Miocene endemic erinaceid of Gargano) and Galericini (Eulipotyphla, Erinaceidae): a cladistic perspective |journal=Cladistics |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=542–561 |doi=10.1111/cla.12215 |pmid=34649375 |s2cid=90105058 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende |year=2018 |title=Cladistics and insular evolution, an unfortunate marriage? Another tangle in the ''Deinogalerix'' analysis of Borrani et al. (2017) |journal=Cladistics |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=708–713 |doi=10.1111/cla.12238 |pmid=34641636 |s2cid=221550820 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study on the systematic usefulness of the [[Biology:Humerus|humerus]] in [[Biology:Proterotheriidae|proterotheriid]] [[Biology:Litopterna|litopterns]] is published by Corona, Perea & Ubilla (2018), who consider the species ''[[Biology:Proterotherium|Proterotherium]] berroi'' Kraglievich (1930) to be a probable [[Biology:Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''[[Biology:Neolicaphrium|Neolicaphrium]] recens''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Andrea Corona |author2=Daniel Perea |author3=Martín Ubilla |year=2018 |title=The humerus of Proterotheriidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) and its systematic usefulness: the case of ''"Proterotherium berroi"'' Kraglievich, 1930 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=150–161 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.10.12.2017.3148 |s2cid=133665673 }}</ref>
* A study on the diversity of shapes of snout in [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulates]] and on the evolution of the wide range of shapes of snout in this group of mammals is published by Gomes Rodrigues ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Helder Gomes Rodrigues |author2=Raphaël Cornette |author3=Julien Clavel |author4=Guillermo Cassini |author5=Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar |author6=Marcos Fernández-Monescillo |author7=Karen Moreno |author8=Anthony Herrel |author9=Guillaume Billet |year=2018 |title=Differential influences of allometry, phylogeny and environment on the rostral shape diversity of extinct South American notoungulates |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=171816 |doi=10.1098/rsos.171816 |pmid=29410874 |pmc=5792951 |bibcode=2018RSOS....571816G }}</ref>
* A study on the variation of teeth shape and on the factors affecting changes in the shape of teeth of notopithecid notoungulates is published by Scarano & Vera (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alejo C. Scarano |author2=Bárbara Vera |year=2018 |title=Geometric morphometric analysis as a proxy to evaluate age-related change in molar shape variation of low-crowned Notoungulata (Mammalia) |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=279 |issue=2 |pages=216–227 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20766 |pmid=29068070 |s2cid=3455270 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/101177 }}</ref>
* A study on the variation of teeth shape in late Miocene members of the [[Biology:Hegetotheriidae|hegetotheriid]] notoungulate genus ''[[Biology:Paedotherium|Paedotherium]]'', as well as its implications for the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the late Miocene species of ''Paedotherium'', is published by Ercoli ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=M. D. Ercoli |author2=A. M. Candela |author3=L. L. Rasia |author4=M. A. Ramírez |year=2018 |title=Dental shape variation of Neogene Pachyrukhinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Hegetotheriidae): systematics and evolutionary implications for the late Miocene ''Paedotherium'' species |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=16 |issue=13 |pages=1073–1095 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1366956 |bibcode=2018JSPal..16.1073E |s2cid=90152884 }}</ref>
* A study on the variability of the diagnostic characters in the fossils of members of the hegetotheriid notoungulate genus ''[[Biology:Tremacyllus|Tremacyllus]]'' is published by Sostillo, Cerdeño & Montalvo (2018), who consider the species ''T. incipiens'' to be a [[Biology:Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of the species ''T. impressus''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Renata Sostillo |author2=Esperanza Cerdeño |author3=Claudia I. Montalvo |year=2018 |title=Taxonomic implications of a large sample of ''Tremacyllus'' (Hegetotheriidae: Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene Cerro Azul Formation of La Pampa, Argentina |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=407–422 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.18.12.2017.3146 |doi-broken-date=2024-02-01 }}</ref>
* New fossil remains of pachyrukhine hegetotheriid notoungulates are described from the Huayquerías del Este (Mendoza, Argentina) by Vera & Ercoli (2018), who consider the species ''Tremacyllus subdiminutus'' to be a synonym of ''T. impressus''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Bárbara Vera |author2=Marcos D. Ercoli |year=2018 |title=Systematic and morphogeometric analyses of Pachyrukhinae (Mammalia, Hegetotheriidae) from the Huayquerías, Mendoza (Argentina): biostratigraphic and evolutionary implications |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=e1473410 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1473410 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E3410V |s2cid=90879473 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Systematic_and_morphogeometric_analyses_of_Pachyrukhinae_Mammalia_Hegetotheriidae_from_the_Huayquer_as_Mendoza_Argentina_biostratigraphic_and_evolutionary_implications/6736889 }}</ref>
* Fernández-Monescill ''et al.'' (2018) provide muscular reconstruction and infer functional properties of the forelimb of the mesotheriid notoungulate ''Plesiotypotherium achirense''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marcos Fernández-Monescillo |author2=Bernardino Mamani Quispe |author3=François Pujos |author4=Pierre-Olivier Antoine |year=2018 |title=Functional anatomy of the forelimb of ''Plesiotypotherium achirense'' (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) and evolutionary insights at the family level |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=197–211 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9372-7 |s2cid=26109653 }}</ref>
* A study on the [[Medicine:Tooth wear|tooth wear]], tooth replacement and [[Biology:Tooth enamel|enamel]] microstructure in an [[Biology:Odd-toed ungulate|perissodactyl]]-like [[Biology:Ungulate|ungulate]] ''[[Biology:Cambaytherium|Cambaytherium]]'' is published by von Koenigswald ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wighart von Koenigswald |author2=Kenneth D. Rose |author3=Luke T. Holbrook |author4=Kishor Kumar |author5=Rajendra S. Rana |author6=Thierry Smith |year=2018 |title=Mastication and enamel microstructure in ''Cambaytherium'', a perissodactyl-like ungulate from the early Eocene of India |journal=PalZ |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=671–680 |doi=10.1007/s12542-018-0422-8 |bibcode=2018PalZ...92..671V |s2cid=133969194 }}</ref>
* Anatomical redescription of the [[Biology:Periptychidae|periptychid]] species ''Periptychus carinidens'' is published by Shelley, Williamson & Brusatte (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sarah L. Shelley |author2=Thomas E. Williamson |author3=Stephen L. Brusatte |year=2018 |title=The osteology of ''Periptychus carinidens'': A robust, ungulate-like placental mammal (Mammalia: Periptychidae) from the Paleocene of North America |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0200132 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0200132 |pmid=30020948 |pmc=6051615 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1300132S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Description of new fossil material of the hyaenodont species ''Prionogale breviceps'' from the Miocene of Kenya and Uganda, and a study on the anatomy of teeth of ''Namasector soriae'', is published by Morales & Pickford (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jorge Morales |author2=Martin Pickford |year=2018 |title=A reassessment of ''Prionogale'' and ''Namasector'' (Prionogalidae, Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) with descriptions of new fossils from Napak, Uganda and Koru, Kenya |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=20 |pages=114–139 |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/AA7%20Morales,%20Pickford2018_%20Prionogale-Namasector.pdf }}</ref>
* Partial skull of ''[[Biology:Hyaenodon|Hyaenodon]] leptorhynchus'' is described from the [[Earth:Chattian|Chattian]] deposits in Séon Saint-André (Marseille, {{wipe|France}}) by Solé ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Floréal Solé |author2=Dubied Morgane |author3=Kévin Le Verger |author4=Mennecart Bastien |title=Niche partitioning of the European carnivorous mammals during the Paleogene |journal=PALAIOS |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=514–523 |doi=10.2110/palo.2018.022 |year=2018 |bibcode=2018Palai..33..514S |s2cid=134345822 }}</ref>
* A study on the early Pleistocene [[Biology:Leporidae|leporid]] fossils from the Roland Springs Ranch Locality 1 ({{wipe|Texas}}, {{wipe|United States}}), considered against the backdrop of Neogene-Quaternary faunal turnover that included the radiation within the subfamily Leporinae, is published by Moretti (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author=John A. Moretti |title=Early Pleistocene leporids (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) of Roland Springs Ranch Locality 1 and the rise of North American Quaternary leporines |journal=Quaternary International |volume=492 |pages=23–39 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.048 |year=2018 |bibcode=2018QuInt.492...23M |s2cid=90742480 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''[[Biology:Ambolestes|Ambolestes]]''<ref name=Ambolestes>{{Cite journal|author1=Shundong Bi |author2=Xiaoting Zheng |author3=Xiaoli Wang |author4=Natalie E. Cignetti |author5=Shiling Yang |author6=John R. Wible |year=2018 |title=An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy |journal=Nature |volume=558 |issue=7710 |pages=390–395 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3 |pmid=29899454 |bibcode=2018Natur.558..390B |s2cid=49183466 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Bi ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]]
|
[[Earth:Yixian Formation|Yixian Formation]]
|
{{Flag|China}}
|
An early [[Biology:Eutheria|eutheria]]n. Genus includes new species ''A. zhoui''.
|
|-
|
''Arcius hookeri''<ref name=JPArcius>{{Cite journal|author1=Sergi López-Torres |author2=Mary T. Silcox |year=2018 |title=The European Paromomyidae (Primates, Mammalia): taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeographic implications |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=920–937 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.10 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..920L |s2cid=134981979 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
López-Torres & Silcox
|
Early [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Blackheath Beds
|
{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Paromomyidae|Paromomyidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Heterohyus|Arcius ilerdensis]]''<ref name=JPArcius />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
López-Torres & Silcox
|
Early [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Spain}}
|
Originally described as a member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Paromomyidae|Paromomyidae]] and a species of ''Arcius''; Beard & Métais (2024) reinterpreted it as a member of Apatotheria belonging to the family [[Biology:Apatemyidae|Apatemyidae]] and a species of ''Heterohyus''.<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=K. Christopher Beard |author2=Grégoire Métais |year=2024 |title=Oldest record of Apatemyidae (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from Spain and the taxonomic status of Spanish paromomyids (Mammalia, Primatomorpha) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |at=e2288651 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2288651 }}</ref>
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Chiromyoides|Chiromyoides mauberti]]''<ref name=JVPPlesiadapidae>{{Cite journal|author1=Eric De Bast |author2=Cyril Gagnaison |author3=Thierry Smith |year=2018 |title=Plesiadapid mammals from the latest Paleocene of France offer new insights on the evolution of ''Plesiadapis'' during the Paleocene-Eocene transition |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=e1460602 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1460602 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E0602D |s2cid=89847768 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/6287162 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bast, Gagnaison & Smith
|
Late [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Plesiadapidae|Plesiadapidae]].
|
|-
|
''Darbonetus sigei''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jerry J. Hooker |year=2018 |title=Eocene antiquity of the European nyctitheriid euarchontan mammal ''Darbonetus'' |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=235–239 |doi=10.4202/app.00457.2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Hooker
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Priabonian|Priabonian]])
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Nyctitheriidae|Nyctitheriidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Dissacus|Dissacus raslanloubatieri]]''<ref name=JMMDissacus>{{Cite journal|author1=Floréal Solé |author2=Marc Godinot |author3=Yves Laurent |author4=Alain Galoyer |author5=Thierry Smith |year=2018 |title=The European Mesonychid Mammals: Phylogeny, Ecology, Biogeography, and Biochronology |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=339–379 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9371-8 |s2cid=207195968 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Solé ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]])
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Mesonychidae|Mesonychidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Dissacus|Dissacus rougierae]]''<ref name=JMMDissacus />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Solé ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] ([[Earth:Ypresian|Ypresian]])
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Mesonychidae|Mesonychidae]].
|
|-
|
''Eomorphippus bondi''<ref name=Termastherium />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wyss, Flynn & Croft
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
[[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Chile}}
|
A [[Biology:Notohippidae|notohippid]] [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulate]].
|
|-
|
''Eomorphippus neilopdykei''<ref name=Termastherium />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wyss, Flynn & Croft
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
[[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Chile}}
|
A [[Biology:Notohippidae|notohippid]] [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulate]].
|
|-
|
''Falcontoxodon''<ref name=Carrilloetalungulates>{{cite journal |author1=Juan D. Carrillo |author2=Eli Amson |author3=Carlos Jaramillo |author4=Rodolfo Sánchez |author5=Luis Quiroz |author6=Carlos Cuartas |author7=Aldo F. Rincón |author8=Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra |year=2018 |title=The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume=101 |issue=101 |pages=iv-67 |doi=10.5479/si.1943-6688.101 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Carrillo ''et al.''
|
Early Pliocene–late Pliocene or early Pleistocene
|
Falcón Basin<br>(Codore Formation<br>[[Earth:San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela|San Gregorio Formation]])
|
{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Toxodontidae|Toxodontidae]]. Genus includes new species ''F. aguilerai''.
|
|-
|
''Ferrequitherium''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Craig S. Scott |year=2018 |title=Horolodectidae: a new family of unusual eutherians (Mammalia: Theria) from the Palaeocene of Alberta, Canada |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=185 |issue=2 |pages=431–458 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly040 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Scott
|
[[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]] (early [[Biology:Tiffanian|Tiffanian]])
|
[[Earth:Paskapoo Formation|Paskapoo Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Canada}}<br>({{Flag|Alberta}})
|
A relative of ''[[Biology:Horolodectes|Horolodectes]]''. Genus includes new species ''F. sweeti''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Hilarcotherium|Hilarcotherium miyou]]''<ref name=Carrilloetalungulates />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Carrillo ''et al.''
|
Middle Miocene
|
[[Earth:Castilletes Formation|Castilletes Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Colombia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Astrapotheriidae|Astrapotheriidae]].
|
|-
|
''Hovurlestes''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=A. V. Lopatin |author2=A. O. Averianov |year=2018 |title=A new stem placental mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia |journal=Doklady Biological Sciences |volume=478 |issue=1 |pages=8–11 |doi=10.1134/S0012496618010027 |pmid=29536398 |s2cid=3864134 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Lopatin & Averianov
|
[[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] ([[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]]–[[Earth:Albian|Albian]])
|
Höovör locality
|
{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|
A [[Biology:Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] member of [[Biology:Eutheria|Eutheria]]. The type species is ''H. noyon''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Llullataruca|Llullataruca]]''<ref name=Llullataruca>{{Cite journal|author1=Andrew J. McGrath |author2=Federico Anaya |author3=Darin A. Croft |author7=Tassos Kotsakis |year=2018 |title=Two new macraucheniids (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the late middle Miocene (Laventan South American Land Mammal Age) of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=e1461632 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1461632 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E1632M |s2cid=89881990 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Two_new_macraucheniids_Mammalia_Litopterna_from_the_late_middle_Miocene_Laventan_South_American_Land_Mammal_Age_of_Quebrada_Honda_Bolivia/6392447 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
McGrath, Anaya & Croft
|
[[Earth:Laventan|Laventan]]
|
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Litopterna|Litopterna]] belonging the family [[Biology:Macraucheniidae|Macraucheniidae]]. Genus includes new species ''L. shockeyi''.
|
|-
|
''Platychoerops boyeri''<ref name=JVPPlesiadapidae />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bast, Gagnaison & Smith
|
Late [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Plesiadapidae|Plesiadapidae]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Plesiadapis|Plesiadapis berruensis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Martin Jehle |author2=Marc Godinot |author3=Dominique Delsate |author4=Alain Phélizon |author5=Jean-Louis Pellouin |year=2018 |title=Evolution of plesiadapid mammals (Eutheria, Euarchonta, Plesiadapiformes) in Europe across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary: implications for phylogeny, biochronology and scenarios of dispersal |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=293–351 |doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0331-6 |s2cid=135259959 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Jehle ''et al.''
|
Late [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Plesiadapis|Plesiadapis ploegi]]''<ref name=JVPPlesiadapidae />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bast, Gagnaison & Smith
|
Late [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|France}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Plesiadapiformes|Plesiadapiformes]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Plesiadapidae|Plesiadapidae]].
|
|-
|
''Propterodon panganensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Louis de Bonis |author2=Floreal Solé |author3=Yaowalak Chaimanee |author4=Aung Naing Soe |author5=Chit Sein |author6=Vincent Lazzari |author7=Olivier Chavasseau |author8=Jean-Jacques Jaeger |year=2018 |title=New Hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of Myanmar |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=357–365 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2017.12.003 |bibcode=2018CRPal..17..357D |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
De Bonis ''et al.''
|
Middle [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Pondaung Formation
|
{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Hyaenodontidae|Hyaenodontidae]].
|
|-
|
''Rosendo''<ref name=Termastherium />
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Wyss, Flynn & Croft
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
[[Earth:Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}<br>
{{Flag|Chile}}
|
A [[Biology:Notohippidae|notohippid]] [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulate]]; a new genus for ''"Eomorphippus" pascuali'' Simpson (1967).
|
|-
|
''Rusconitherium''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Esperanza Cerdeño |author2=Bárbara Vera |author3=Ana María Combina |year=2018 |title=A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=88 |pages=118–131 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2018.06.016 |bibcode=2018JSAES..88..118C |s2cid=135197187 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et comb. nov
|
Valid
|
Cerdeño, Vera & Combina
|
Early Miocene
|
Mariño Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
A [[Biology:Mesotheriidae|mesotheriid]] [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulate]]; a new genus for ''"Trachytherus" mendocensis'' Simpson & Minoprio (1949).
|
|-
|
''Sardolagus''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Chiara Angelone |author2=Stanislav Čermák |author3=Blanca Moncunill-Solé |author4=Josep Quintana |author5=Caterinella Tuveri |author6=Marisa Arca |author7=Tassos Kotsakis |year=2018 |title=Systematics and paleobiogeography of ''Sardolagus obscurus'' n. gen. n. sp. (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the early Pleistocene of Sardinia |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=506–522 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.144 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..506A |s2cid=134492340 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Angelone ''et al.''
|
Early [[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Italy}}
|
A member of the family [[Biology:Leporidae|Leporidae]]. Genus includes new species ''S. obscurus''.
|
|-
|
''Shargainosorex''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vladimir S. Zazhigin |author2=Leonid L. Voyta |year=2018 |title=A new middle Miocene crocidosoricine shrew from the Mongolian Shargain Gobi Desert |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=171–187 |doi=10.4202/app.00396.2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Zazhigin & Voyta
|
Middle Miocene
|
Oshin Suite
|
{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|
A shrew belonging to the subfamily Crocidosoricinae. The type species is ''S. angustirostris''.
|
|-
|
''Termastherium''<ref name=Termastherium>{{Cite journal|author1=André R. Wyss |author2=John J. Flynn |author3=Darin A. Croft |year=2018 |title=New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |journal= American Museum Novitates|issue=3903 |pages=1–42 |doi=10.1206/3903.1 |hdl=2246/6901 |s2cid=53066966 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/262795 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Wyss, Flynn & Croft
|
Early [[Earth:Oligocene|Oligocene]]
|
[[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Chile}}
|
A [[Biology:Leontiniidae|leontiniid]] [[Biology:Notoungulata|notoungulate]]. Genus includes new species ''T. flacoensis''.
|
|-
|
'''Theosodon' arozquetai''<ref name=Llullataruca />
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
McGrath, Anaya & Croft
|
[[Earth:Laventan|Laventan]]
|
|
{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|
A member of [[Biology:Litopterna|Litopterna]] belonging the family [[Biology:Macraucheniidae|Macraucheniidae]], tentatively referred to the genus ''[[Biology:Theosodon|Theosodon]]''.
|
|-
| ''[[Biology:Wyonycteris|Wyonycteris kingi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jerry J. Hooker |year=2018 |title=A mammal fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum of Croydon, London, UK |journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association |volume=131 |issue=5 |pages=458–473 |doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.01.001 |bibcode=2020PrGA..131..458H |s2cid=134941309 }}</ref>
| Sp. nov
| Valid
| Hooker
| [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]]
| Woolwich
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| A member of the family [[Biology:Nyctitheriidae|Nyctitheriidae]]. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Xotodon|Xotodon caravela]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Matías A. Armella |author2=Daniel A. García-López |author3=Lucía Dominguez |year=2018 |title=A new species of ''Xotodon'' (Notoungulata, Toxodontidae) from northwestern Argentina |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=e1425882 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1425882 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E5882A |s2cid=90303847 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Armella, García-López & Dominguez
|
Late Miocene-early Pliocene
|
Aconquija Formation
|
{{Flag|Argentina}}
|
|
|-
|
''Zofiagale''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sergi López-Torres |author2=Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik |year=2018 |title=A new Eocene anagalid (Mammalia: Euarchontoglires) from Mongolia and its implications for the group's phylogeny and dispersal |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 13955 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-32086-x |pmid=30224674 |pmc=6141491 |bibcode=2018NatSR...813955L }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
López-Torres & Fostowicz-Frelik
|
Late [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]
|
Ergilin Dzo Formation
|
{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|
A relative of ''Anagale''. The type species is ''Z. ergilinensis''.
|
|-
|}

==Other mammals==
* A diverse footprint assemblage dominated by small mammal tracks is described from the [[Earth:Lower Cretaceous|Lower Cretaceous]] [[Earth:Patuxent Formation|Patuxent Formation]] (Maryland, {{wipe|United States}}) by Stanford ''et al.'' (2018), who name a new mammal [[Biology:Ichnotaxon|ichnotaxon]] ''Sederipes goddardensis''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ray Stanford |author2=Martin G. Lockley |author3=Compton Tucker |author4=Stephen Godfrey |author5=Sheila M. Stanford |year=2018 |title=A diverse mammal-dominated, footprint assemblage from wetland deposits in the Lower Cretaceous of Maryland |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 741 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-18619-w |pmid=29386519 |pmc=5792599 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8..741S }}</ref>
* A description of the [[Medicine:Middle ear|middle ear]] [[Medicine:Ossicles|ossicles]] of ''[[Biology:Arboroharamiya|Arboroharamiya]]'' is published by Meng ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jin Meng |author2=Shundong Bi |author3=Xiaoting Zheng |author4=Xiaoli Wang |year=2018 |title=Ear ossicle morphology of the Jurassic euharamiyidan ''Arboroharamiya'' and evolution of mammalian middle ear |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=279 |issue=4 |pages=441–457 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20565 |pmid=27228358 |s2cid=38023914 }}</ref>
* Asymmetric bicrural [[Biology:Stapes|stapes]] is reported in the [[Earth:Jurassic|Jurassic]] [[Biology:Multituberculata|multituberculate]] ''[[Biology:Pseudobolodon|Pseudobolodon]] oreas'' by Schultz, Ruf & Martin (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Julia A. Schultz |author2=Irina Ruf |author3=Thomas Martin |year=2018 |title=Oldest known multituberculate stapes suggests an asymmetric bicrural pattern as ancestral for Multituberculata |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=285 |issue=1873 |pages=20172779 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2779 |pmid=29467266 |pmc=5832711 }}</ref>
* New specimens of the [[Biology:Cladotheria|cladotheria]]n species ''[[Biology:Palaeoxonodon|Palaeoxonodon]] ooliticus'' (two partial dentaries) are described from the Middle Jurassic [[Earth:Kilmaluag Formation|Kilmaluag Formation]] (Isle of Skye, Scotland, {{wipe|United Kingdom}}) by Panciroli, Benson & Butler (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Elsa Panciroli |author2=Roger B.J. Benson |author3=Richard J. Butler |year=2018 |title=New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammalian ''Palaeoxonodon ooliticus'' from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=197–206 |doi=10.4202/app.00434.2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A fossil trackway produced by a mouse-sized primitive mammal, assigned to the [[Biology:Ichnotaxon|ichnotaxon]] ''Ameghinichnus patagonicus'', and deviating from the usual bilateral symmetry of posture and motion, is described from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia, {{wipe|Argentina}} by Kuznetsov & Panyutina (2018), who interpret the tracks as most likely produced by a mammal carrying a heavy load on the left side of its body, plausibly a milk-producing mother carrying her babies.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Alexander N. Kuznetsov |author2=Aleksandra A. Panyutina |year=2018 |title=First paleoichnological evidence for baby–riding in early mammals |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=6 |pages=668–676 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.03.02.2018.3184 |s2cid=133852517 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''[[Biology:Brasilestes|Brasilestes]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Mariela C. Castro |author2=Francisco J. Goin |author3=Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar |author4=E. Carolina Vieytes |author5=Kaori Tsukui |author6=Jahandar Ramezani |author7=Alessandro Batezelli |author8=Júlio C. A. Marsola |author9=Max C. Langer |year=2018 |title=A Late Cretaceous mammal from Brazil and the first radioisotopic age for the Bauru Group |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=180482 |doi=10.1098/rsos.180482 |pmid=29892465 |pmc=5990825 |bibcode=2018RSOS....580482C }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
|
Castro ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]]
|
[[Earth:Adamantina Formation|Adamantina Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
An early member of [[Biology:Tribosphenida|Tribosphenida]]. The type species is ''B. stardusti''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Catopsalis|Catopsalis kakwa]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Craig S. Scott |author2=Anne Weil |author3=Jessica M. Theodor |year=2018 |title=A new, diminutive species of ''Catopsalis'' (Mammalia, Multituberculata, Taeniolabidoidea) from the early Paleocene of southwestern Alberta, Canada |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=896–910 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.2 |bibcode=2018JPal...92..896S |s2cid=134594197 }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Scott, Weil & Theodor
|
Early [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]]
|
|
{{Flag|Canada}}<br>({{Flag|Alberta}})
|
A [[Biology:Multituberculata|multituberculate]] belonging to the group [[Biology:Taeniolabidoidea|Taeniolabidoidea]].
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Cifelliodon|Cifelliodon]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Adam K. Huttenlocker |author2=David M. Grossnickle |author3=James I. Kirkland |author4=Julia A. Schultz |author5=Zhe-Xi Luo |year=2018 |title=Late-surviving stem mammal links the lowermost Cretaceous of North America and Gondwana |journal=Nature |volume=558 |issue=7708 |pages=108–112 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0126-y |pmid=29795343 |bibcode=2018Natur.558..108H |s2cid=43921185 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Huttenlocker ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]]
|
[[Earth:Cedar Mountain Formation|Cedar Mountain Formation]]
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|Utah}})
|
A member of [[Biology:Haramiyida|Haramiyida]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Hahnodontidae|Hahnodontidae]]. The type species is ''C. wahkarmoosuch''.
|
|-
|
''Golercosmodon''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Donald Lofgren |author2=Randall L. Nydam |author3=Maddie Gaumer |author4=Elisa Kong |author5=Malcolm McKenna |year=2018 |title=New records of multituberculate mammals from the Goler Formation (Tiffanian, Paleocene) of California |journal=Paludicola |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=149–163 }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Lofgren ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]] ([[Biology:Tiffanian|Tiffanian]])
|
Goler Formation
|
{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}})
|
A [[Biology:Multituberculata|multituberculate]]. Genus includes new species ''G. mylesi''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Khorotherium|Khorotherium]]''<ref name=Khorotherium>{{Cite journal|author1=Alexander Averianov |author2=Thomas Martin |author3=Alexey Lopatin |author4=Pavel Skutschas |author5=Rico Schellhorn |author6=Petr Kolosov |author7=Dmitry Vitenko |year=2018 |title=A high-latitude fauna of mid-Mesozoic mammals from Yakutia, Russia |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0199983 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199983 |pmid=30044817 |pmc=6059412 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1399983A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Averianov ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] (?[[Earth:Berriasian|Berriasian]]-[[Earth:Barremian|Barremian]])
|
[[Earth:Batylykh Formation|Batylykh Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Russia}}<br>({{Flag|Sakha Republic}})
|
A member of [[Biology:Docodonta|Docodonta]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Tegotheriidae|Tegotheriidae]]. The type species is ''K. yakutensis''.
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Litovoi tholocephalos|Litovoi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Zoltán Csiki-Sava |author2=Mátyás Vremir |author3=Jin Meng |author4=Stephen L. Brusatte |author5=Mark A. Norell |year=2018 |title=Dome-headed, small-brained island mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Romania |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=19 |pages=4857–4862 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1801143115 |pmid=29686084 |pmc=5948999 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.4857C |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Disputed
|
Csiki-Sava ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]] ([[Earth:Maastrichtian|Maastrichtian]])
|
|
{{Flag|Romania}}
|
A [[Biology:Multituberculata|multituberculate]] belonging to the family [[Biology:Kogaionidae|Kogaionidae]]. The type species is ''L. tholocephalos''. Smith ''et al.'' (2021) considered it to be a [[Biology:Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of ''[[Biology:Barbatodon|Barbatodon]] transylvanicus''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thierry Smith |author2=Vlad A. Codrea |author3=Ghéreint Devillet |author4=Alexandru A. Solomon |year=2021 |title=A New Mammal Skull from the Late Cretaceous of Romania and Phylogenetic Affinities of Kogaionid Multituberculates |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=29 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1007/s10914-021-09564-7 |s2cid=244194193 }}</ref>
|
|-
|
''[[Biology:Sangarotherium|Sangarotherium]]''<ref name=Khorotherium />
|
Gen. et sp. nov
|
Valid
|
Averianov ''et al.''
|
[[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] (?[[Earth:Berriasian|Berriasian]]-[[Earth:Barremian|Barremian]])
|
[[Earth:Batylykh Formation|Batylykh Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Russia}}<br>({{Flag|Sakha Republic}})
|
A member of [[Biology:Eutriconodonta|Eutriconodonta]] of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is ''S. aquilonium''.
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Prehistoric mammals]]

{{Sourceattribution|2018 in paleomammalogy}}