View source for Biology:ARF6

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''ADP-ribosylation factor 6''' ('''ARF6''') is a member of the [[Biology:ADP ribosylation factor|ADP ribosylation factor]] family of GTP-binding proteins.  ARF6 has a variety of cellular functions that are frequently involved in trafficking of [[Biology:Biological membrane|biological membrane]]s and [[Biology:Transmembrane protein|transmembrane protein]] cargo.  ARF6 has specifically been implicated in [[Biology:Endocytosis|endocytosis]] of [[Biology:Plasma membrane|plasma membrane]] proteins and also, to a lesser extent, plasma membrane protein recycling.

== Function ==
This gene encodes a member of the human ARF gene family, which is part of the [[Biology:Ras superfamily|Ras superfamily]]. The ARF genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane, and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling. A [[Biology:Pseudogene|pseudogene]] of this gene is located on chromosome 7.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ARF6 ADP-ribosylation factor 6| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=382}}</ref>

ARF6 can interact with β[[Biology:Arrestin|arrestin]] upon receptor activation.

== Interactions ==
ARF6 has been shown to interact with:

* ARRB1<ref name="pmid11533043">{{cite journal | vauthors = Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ | title = beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 45 | pages = 42509–13 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11533043 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M108399200 | doi-access = free }}</ref> 
* ARFIP2<ref name="pmid9312003">{{cite journal | vauthors = D'Souza-Schorey C, Boshans RL, McDonough M, Stahl PD, Van Aelst L | title = A role for POR1, a Rac1-interacting protein, in ARF6-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 16 | issue = 17 | pages = 5445–54 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9312003 | pmc = 1170175 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.17.5445 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11478794">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shin OH, Exton JH | title = Differential binding of arfaptin 2/POR1 to ADP-ribosylation factors and Rac1 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 285 | issue = 5 | pages = 1267–73 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11478794 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5330 }}</ref>
* CHRM3<ref name="pmid12799371">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitchell R, Robertson DN, Holland PJ, Collins D, Lutz EM, Johnson MS | title = ADP-ribosylation factor-dependent phospholipase D activation by the M3 muscarinic receptor | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 36 | pages = 33818–30 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 12799371 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M305825200 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* EXOC5<ref name="pmid14662749">{{cite journal | vauthors = Prigent M, Dubois T, Raposo G, Derrien V, Tenza D, Rossé C, Camonis J, Chavrier P | title = ARF6 controls post-endocytic recycling through its downstream exocyst complex effector | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 163 | issue = 5 | pages = 1111–21 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14662749 | pmc = 2173613 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200305029 }}</ref>
* [[Biology:KIAA0090|KIAA0090]]<ref name="pmid16845013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Prieto C, De Las Rivas J |title=APID: Agile Protein Interaction DataAnalyzer |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue=Web Server issue |pages=W298–302 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16845013 |pmc=1538863 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkl128 |url=http://bioinfow.dep.usal.es/apid/html/home.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409025355/http://bioinfow.dep.usal.es/apid/html/home.htm |archive-date=2010-04-09 }}</ref>
* Rac1<ref name="pmid23223291">{{cite journal | vauthors = Peru y Colón de Portugal RL, Acevedo SF, Rodan AR, Chang LY, Eaton BA, Rothenfluh A | title = Adult neuronal Arf6 controls ethanol-induced behavior with Arfaptin downstream of Rac1 and RhoGAP18B | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 32 | issue = 49 | pages = 17706–13 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23223291 | pmc = 3535434 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1944-12.2012 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sabe H | title = Requirement for Arf6 in cell adhesion, migration, and cancer cell invasion | journal = J. Biochem. | volume = 134 | issue = 4 | pages = 485–9 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14607973 | doi = 10.1093/jb/mvg181 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D | title = Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection | journal = Curr. HIV Res. | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 87–94 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15638726 | doi = 10.2174/1570162052773013 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tsuchiya M, Price SR, Tsai SC, Moss J, Vaughan M | title = Molecular identification of ADP-ribosylation factor mRNAs and their expression in mammalian cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 5 | pages = 2772–7 | year = 1991 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)49913-9 | pmid = 1993656 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stearns T, Willingham MC, Botstein D, Kahn RA | title = ADP-ribosylation factor is functionally and physically associated with the Golgi complex | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 1238–42 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2105501 | pmc = 53446 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.3.1238 | bibcode = 1990PNAS...87.1238S | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = D'Souza-Schorey C, Stahl PD | title = Myristoylation is required for the intracellular localization and endocytic function of ARF6 | journal = Exp. Cell Res. | volume = 221 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–9 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7589240 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1995.1362 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = D'Souza-Schorey C, Li G, Colombo MI, Stahl PD | title = A regulatory role for ARF6 in receptor-mediated endocytosis | journal = Science | volume = 267 | issue = 5201 | pages = 1175–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7855600 | doi = 10.1126/science.7855600 | bibcode = 1995Sci...267.1175D | s2cid = 23249341 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Welsh CF, Moss J, Vaughan M | title = ADP-ribosylation factors: a family of approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that activate cholera toxin | journal = Mol. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 157–66 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7898460 | doi = 10.1007/BF00928458 | s2cid = 42819002 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1232597 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Amor JC, Harrison DH, Kahn RA, Ringe D | title = Structure of the human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 complexed with GDP | journal = Nature | volume = 372 | issue = 6507 | pages = 704–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7990966 | doi = 10.1038/372704a0 | s2cid = 4362056 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Orcl L, Palmer DJ, Amherdt M, Rothman JE | title = Coated vesicle assembly in the Golgi requires only coatomer and ARF proteins from the cytosol | journal = Nature | volume = 364 | issue = 6439 | pages = 732–4 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8355790 | doi = 10.1038/364732a0 | bibcode = 1993Natur.364..732O | s2cid = 4348442 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Helms JB, Palmer DJ, Rothman JE | title = Two distinct populations of ARF bound to Golgi membranes | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 121 | issue = 4 | pages = 751–60 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8491770 | pmc = 2119793 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.121.4.751 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cavenagh MM, Whitney JA, Carroll K, ((Zhang Cj)), Boman AL, Rosenwald AG, Mellman I, Kahn RA | title = Intracellular distribution of Arf proteins in mammalian cells. Arf6 is uniquely localized to the plasma membrane | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 36 | pages = 21767–74 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8702973 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.36.21767 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = D'Souza-Schorey C, Boshans RL, McDonough M, Stahl PD, Van Aelst L | title = A role for POR1, a Rac1-interacting protein, in ARF6-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 16 | issue = 17 | pages = 5445–54 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9312003 | pmc = 1170175 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.17.5445 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Frank S, Upender S, Hansen SH, Casanova JE | title = ARNO is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–7 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9417041 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.1.23 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang CZ, Heimberg H, D'Souza-Schorey C, Mueckler MM, Stahl PD | title = Subcellular distribution and differential expression of endogenous ADP-ribosylation factor 6 in mammalian cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 7 | pages = 4006–11 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9461590 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.7.4006 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mao M, Fu G, Wu JS, Zhang QH, Zhou J, Kan LX, Huang QH, He KL, Gu BW, Han ZG, Shen Y, Gu J, Yu YP, Xu SH, Wang YX, Chen SJ, Chen Z | title = Identification of genes expressed in human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by expressed sequence tags and efficient full-length cDNA cloning | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 95 | issue = 14 | pages = 8175–80 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9653160 | pmc = 20949 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8175 | bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.8175M | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Andreev J, Simon JP, Sabatini DD, Kam J, Plowman G, Randazzo PA, Schlessinger J | title = Identification of a new Pyk2 target protein with Arf-GAP activity | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 2338–50 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10022920 | pmc = 84026 | doi =  10.1128/MCB.19.3.2338}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radhakrishna H, Al-Awar O, Khachikian Z, Donaldson JG | title = ARF6 requirement for Rac ruffling suggests a role for membrane trafficking in cortical actin rearrangements | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 112 | issue = 6 | pages = 855–66 | year = 1999 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.112.6.855 | pmid = 10036235 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim HS | title = Assignment of the human ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) gene to chromosome 7q22.1 by radiation hybrid mapping | journal = Cytogenet. Cell Genet. | volume = 84 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 94 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10343114 | doi = 10.1159/000015225 | s2cid = 31452287 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Langille SE, Patki V, Klarlund JK, Buxton JM, Holik JJ, Chawla A, Corvera S, Czech MP | title = ADP-ribosylation factor 6 as a target of guanine nucleotide exchange factor GRP1 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 38 | pages = 27099–104 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10480924 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.38.27099 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Honda A, Nogami M, Yokozeki T, Yamazaki M, Nakamura H, Watanabe H, Kawamoto K, Nakayama K, Morris AJ, Frohman MA, Kanaho Y | title = Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha is a downstream effector of the small G protein ARF6 in membrane ruffle formation | journal = Cell | volume = 99 | issue = 5 | pages = 521–32 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10589680 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81540-8 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ikeda S, Ushio-Fukai M, Zuo L, Tojo T, Dikalov S, Patrushev NA, Alexander RW | title = Novel role of ARF6 in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced signaling and angiogenesis | journal = Circ. Res. | volume = 96 | issue = 4 | pages = 467–75 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15692085 | doi = 10.1161/01.RES.0000158286.51045.16 | doi-access = free }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{MeshName|ARF6+protein,+human}}
* {{UCSC gene info|ARF6}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=382}}

{{GTPases}}

[[Category:Human proteins]]
[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 14]]

{{Sourceattribution|ARF6}}