View source for Biology:Beelzebub

{{Short description|Satan, or type of demon}}
[[File:Beelzebub.png|thumb|Beelzebub from the Dictionnaire Infernal]]
[[File:Beelzebub and them with him.jpg|thumb|"Beelzebub and them that are with him shoot arrows" from John Bunyan's ''The Pilgrim's Progress'' (1678)]]
[[File:St Albans Mummers production of St George and the Dragon, Boxing Day 2015-12.jpg|thumb|upright|Beelzebub as a character in the mumming play ''St George and the Dragon'' by the St Albans Mummers, 2015]]

'''Baʿal Zebub''' or '''Beelzebub''' ({{IPAc-en|b|iː|ˈ|ɛ|l|z|ə|b|ʌ|b|,_|ˈ|b|iː|l|-}}<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|Beelzebub}}</ref> {{respell|bee|EL|zə|bub|,_|BEEL|-}}; {{lang-he|{{Script/Hebrew|בַּעַל-זְבוּב}}}} ''Baʿal-zəḇūḇ''), also spelled '''Beelzebul''' or '''Belzebuth''', and occasionally known as the '''Lord of the Flies''', is a name derived from a Philistine god, formerly worshipped in Ekron, and later adopted by some [[Religion:Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic religions]] as a major [[Unsolved:Demon|demon]]. The name ''Beelzebub'' is associated with the Canaanite god [[Religion:Baal|Baal]].

In theological sources, predominantly [[Religion:Christian theology|Christian]], Beelzebub is another name for [[Biography:Satan|Satan]]. He is known in demonology as one of the seven deadly demons or seven princes of Hell, Beelzebub representing gluttony and [[Philosophy:Envy|envy]]. The ''Dictionnaire Infernal'' describes Beelzebub as a being capable of flying, known as the "Lord of the Flyers", or the "Lord of the Flies".

==Hebrew Scriptures==
The source for the name ''Beelzebub'' is in the Books of Kings ({{Bibleref2|2Kings|1:2–3,6,16|NIV|2 Kings 1:2–3, 6, 16}}), written ''Baʿal zəvuv'', referring to a deity worshipped by the Philistines in the city of Ekron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beelzebub {{!}} Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable – Credo Reference |url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/brewerphrase/beelzebub/0 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=search.credoreference.com}}</ref> The title ''[[Religion:Baal|Baal]]'' "Lord", is a Ugaritic and Cananitic term used in conjunction with a descriptive name of a specific god. Opinions differ on what the name means.

In one understanding, ''Baʿal zəvuv'' is translated literally as "lord of (the) flies".<ref>{{cite book |quote=For etymological reasons, ''Baal Zebub'' must be considered a Semitic god; he is taken over by the Philistine Ekronites and incorporated into their local cult. |chapter=Baal Zebub |editor1-first=Karel|editor1-last=van der Toorn|editor2-first= Bob| editor2-last= Becking|editor3-first=Pieter W.|editor3-last=van der Horst |year=1999 |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible |edition=2nd extensively rev. (154) |location=Boston, Massachusetts; Grand Rapids, Michigan| publisher= Brill; Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-2491-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |article=Βεελζεβούλ |quote=Βεελζεβούλ, ὁ indecl. (v.l. Βεελζεβούβ and Βεεζεβούλ W-S. §&nbsp;5, 31, cp. 27 n. 56) Beelzebul, orig. a Philistine deity; the name בַּעַל-זְבוּב means Baal (lord) of those who are capable of flying (4 Km 1:2, 6; Sym. transcribes βεελζεβούβ; Vulgate Beelzebub; TestSol freq. Βεελζεβούλ,-βουέλ). |first1=Walter William|last1=Arndt| first2=Frederick William| last2= Danker | first3=Walter| last3= Bauer |author-link3=Walter Bauer|year=2000 |title=A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature |edition=3rd (173) |location= Chicago |publisher=[[Organization:University of Chicago Press|University of Chicago Press]]|isbn= 978-0-226-03933-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote=1. According to 2 Kgs 1:2–6 the name of the Philistine god of Ekron was Lord of the Flies (Heb. ba'al zeaûḇ), from whom Israel's King Ahaziah requested an oracle. |first1=Horst |last1= Balz |first2=Gerhard |last2= Schneider |year=1990 |volume=1 |title=Exegetical dictionary of the New Testament |edition=(211) |location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-2412-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote=The etymology of Beelzebul has proceeded in several directions. The variant reading Beelzebub (Syriac translators and Jerome) reflects a long-standing tradition of equating Beelzebul with the Philistine deity of the city of Ekron mentioned in 2 Kgs 1:2, 3, 6, 16. Baalzebub (Heb ba˓al zĕbûb) seems to mean "lord of flies" (HALAT, 250, but cf. LXXB baal muian theon akkarōn, "Baal-Fly, god of Akkaron"; Ant 9:2, 1 theon muian). |editor-first=David Noel |editor-last= Freedman |article=Beelzebul |year=1996 |volume=1 |title=The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary |edition=(639) |location=New York City|publisher=Doubleday |isbn= 978-0-300-14001-9}}</ref> It was long ago suggested that there was a relationship between the Philistine god, and cults of flies—referring to a view of them as pests, feasting on excrement—appearing in the Hellenic world, such as [[Unsolved:Myiagros|Zeus Apomyios or Myiagros]].<ref name="Eerdmans2000">{{cite book |title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |last=Freedman |first= David Noel |year=2000 |publisher=Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4 |page= 137] |url= https://archive.org/details/eerdmansdictiona0000unse/page/137 }}</ref> This is confirmed by the Ugaritic text which depicts Ba'al expelling flies, which are the cause of a person's sickness.<ref name="Eerdmans2000" />

According to Francesco Saracino (1982), this series of elements may be inconclusive as evidence, but the fact that in relationship to Baʿal zəvuv, the two constituent terms are here linked, joined by a function (ndy) that is typical of some divinities attested to in the [[Place:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean world]], is a strong argument in favor of the authenticity of the name of the god of Ekron, and of his possible therapeutic activities, which are implicit in {{Bibleref2|2Kings|1:2–3|NIV|2 Kings 1:2–3}}, etc.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Francesco |last=Seracino|title=Ras Ibn Hani 78/20 and Some Old Testament Connections |journal=Vetus Testamentum |publisher= Brill| location=Boston |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=338–343 |date=July 1982|doi=10.1163/156853382X00351 }}</ref>

Alternatively, the deity's actual name could have been ''Baʿal zəvul'', "lord of the (heavenly) dwelling", and ''Baʿal zəvuv'' could have been a derogatory pun used by the Israelites.<ref>{{cite book |quote=It is not as probable that b'l-zbl, which can mean "lord of the (heavenly) dwelling" in Ugaritic, was changed to b'l zbb to make the divine name an opprobrius epithet. The reading Beelzebul in Mt.&nbsp;10:25 would then reflect the right form of the name, a wordplay on "master of the house" (Gk oikodespótēs). |chapter=Baal-Zebub |editor-first=Geoffrey W.|editor-last= Bromiley| orig-year=1988 |year=2002 |volume=1 |title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia |edition=Revised (381) |publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=978-0-8028-3785-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote=An alternative suggested by many is to connect zĕbûl with a noun meaning "(exalted) abode". |chapter=Beelzebul |editor-first= David Noel |editor-last=Freedman|year=1996 |volume=1 |title=The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary |edition=639 |location=New York City| publisher= Doubleday |isbn=978-0-300-14081-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote=In contemporary Semitic speech it may have been understood as 'the master of the house'; if so, this phrase could be used in a double sense in Mt.&nbsp;10:25b. |chapter= Baal-Zebub, Beelzebul |editor1-first=Alan R.|editor1-last=Millard |editor2-first=I. Howard|editor2-last=Marshall |editor3-first=J.I.|editor3-last=Packer|editor4-first=Donald|editor4-last= Wiseman| editor-link4= Donald Wiseman|date=1996 |title=New Bible dictionary |edition=3rd (108) |location=Leicester, England; Downers Grove, Illinois|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1439-8}}</ref>

The Septuagint renders the name as ''Baalzebub'' ({{lang|grc|Βααλζεβούβ}}) and as ''Baal muian'' ({{lang|grc|Βααλ μυῗαν}}, "Baal of flies"). However, Symmachus may have reflected a tradition of its offensive ancient name when he rendered it as ''Beelzeboul''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first=John Francis |last= Fenlon |title= Beelzebub| encyclopedia= Catholic Encyclopedia |volume= 2|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|location=New York City|origyear=1907|date=2021|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388c.htm}}</ref>

==Testament of Solomon==
In the [[Unsolved:Testament of Solomon|Testament of Solomon]], Beelzebul (not Beelzebub) appears as prince of the demons and says<ref>[[Unsolved:Testament of Solomon|Testament of Solomon]] 6.2</ref> that he was formerly a leading heavenly angel who was<ref>Testament of Solomon 6.7</ref> associated with the star [[Astronomy:Hesperus|Hesperus]] (the normal Greek name for the planet [[Astronomy:Venus|Venus]] ([[Religion:Aphrodite|Aphrodite]], Αφροδíτη) as evening star). Seemingly, Beelzebul here is synonymous with [[Astronomy:Lucifer|Lucifer]]. Beelzebul claims to cause destruction through [[Social:Tyrant|tyrant]]s, to cause demons to be worshipped among men, to excite priests to lust, to cause jealousies in cities and murders, and to bring about war. The Testament of Solomon is an [[Religion:Old Testament|Old Testament]] pseudepigraphical work, purportedly written by King [[Biography:Solomon|Solomon]], in which the author mostly describes particular demons whom he enslaved to help build Solomon's Temple, with substantial Christian interpolations.<ref>{{cite journal| url= http://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/testamen.htm|title=The Testament of Solomon|translator=F. C. Conybeare|journal=Jewish Quarterly Review|publisher=The University of Pennsylvania Press| location= Philadelphia |volume=11|number=1|date=October 1898|access-date=July 17, 2018}}</ref>

==Christian Bible==
[[File:Two Eminent Devils. Satan and Beelzebub.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright|Satan and Beelzebub, the captains of Hell in ''Paradise Lost'' by John Milton]]
In [[Unsolved:Mark 3|Mark 3]]:22, the scribes accuse Jesus Christ of [[Unsolved:Exorcism|driving out demons]] by the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons. The name also appears in the expanded version in Matthew 12:24,27 and Luke 11:15, 18–19, as well as in Matthew 10:25.

{{quote|Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand. If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand? And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your people drive them out? So then, they will be your judges. But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you."
: —Matthew 12:25–28}}

It is unknown whether Symmachus the Ebionite was correct in identifying these names. ''Zeboul'' might derive from a slurred pronunciation of ''zebûb''; from ''zebel'', a word used to mean "dung" in the Targums; or from Hebrew ''zebûl'' found in {{Bibleref2|1Kings|8:13|NIV|1 Kings 8:13}} in the phrase ''bêt-zebûl'', "lofty house".

In any case, the form ''Beelzebub'' was substituted for ''Beelzeboul'' in the Syriac translation and Latin [[Religion:Vulgate|Vulgate]] translation of the gospels, and this substitution was repeated in the King James Version, the resulting form ''Beelzeboul'' being mostly unknown to [[Place:Western Europe|Western Europe]]an and descendant cultures until some more recent translations restored it.

Beelzebub is also identified in the [[Religion:New Testament|New Testament]] as the [[Unsolved:Devil in Christianity|Devil]], "the prince of demons".<ref>"In NT Gk. beelzeboul, beezeboul (Beelzebub in TR and AV) is the prince of the demons (Mt. 12:24, 27; Mk. 3:22; Lk. 11:15, 18f.), identified with Satan (Mt. 12:26; Mk. 3:23, 26; Lk. 11:18).", Bruce, "Baal-Zebub, Beelzebul", Wood, D. R. W., & Marshall, I. H. (1996). New Bible dictionary (3rd ed.) (108). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.</ref><ref>"Besides, Matt 12:24; Mark 3:22; Luke 11:15 use the apposition ἄρχων τῶν δαιμονίων 'head of the →Demons'.", Herrmann, "Baal Zebub", in Toorn, K. v. d., Becking, B., & Horst, P. W. v. d. (1999). Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible DDD (2nd extensively rev. ed.) (154). Leiden; Boston; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brill; Eerdmans.</ref> Biblical scholar Thomas Kelly Cheyne suggested that it might be a derogatory corruption of ''Ba'al-zəbûl'', "Lord of the High Place" (i.e., Heaven) or "High Lord".<ref name="wex">{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Wex|title=Born to Kvetch|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York City|date=2005|isbn=0-312-30741-1}}</ref>

In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]] translations, the name is rendered as ''Baʿl-zabūl'' ({{lang|ar|بعلزبول}}).<ref>{{citation|year=1860|title=Van Dyck Version|publisher=Bible Society of Egypt|url=https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/13/mat.12.avd | access-date=2015-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=<!-- 1982, --> 1997|title=Holy Bible, New Arabic Version (كتاب الحياة — Ketab El Hayat)|publisher=Biblica (formerly International Bible Society)|url=https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/101/mat.12.nav | access-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref>

==Gnostic tradition==
Texts of the Gospel of Nicodemus vary; ''Beelzebul'' and ''Beelzebub'' are used interchangeably. The name is used by [[Religion:Hades|Hades]] as a secondary name for the [[Philosophy:Devil|Devil]], but it may vary with each translation of the text; other versions separate Beelzebub from the Devil.

According to the teachings of the Modern Gnostic Movement of [[Biography:Samael Aun Weor|Samael Aun Weor]], Beelzebub was a prince of demons who rebelled against the Black Lodge during World War II and was converted by Aun Weor to the White Lodge.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Revolution of Beelzebub: Gnosis, Anthropogenesis, and The War in Heaven|first=Samael Aun|last=Weor|publisher=Thelema Press|asin=B007RDMHKE|date=2007}}</ref>

==Christian tradition==
[[File:Man with 7 Devils from book of 7 Deadly Sins (582x800).jpg|thumb|Man being attacked by devils and demons]]
Beelzebub is commonly described as placed high in [[Religion:Hell|Hell]]'s hierarchy. According to the stories of the 16th-century occultist [[Biography:Johann Weyer|Johann Weyer]], Beelzebub led a successful revolt against the Devil,<ref name="rudwin87">{{Cite book|last=Rudwin|first=Maximilian|title=The Devil in Legend and Literature|publisher=AMS Press|location=New York|year=1970|orig-year=1931|edition=2nd|page=76|isbn=0-404-05451-X}}</ref> is the chief lieutenant of [[Astronomy:Lucifer|Lucifer]], the Emperor of Hell, and presides over the Order of the Fly. Similarly, the 17th-century exorcist Sébastien Michaëlis, in his ''Admirable History'' (1612), placed Beelzebub among the three most prominent fallen [[Unsolved:Angel|angel]]s, the other two being Lucifer and [[Unsolved:Leviathan|Leviathan]]. [[Biography:John Milton|John Milton]], in his epic poem ''[[Astronomy:Paradise Lost|Paradise Lost]]'', first published in 1667, identified an unholy trinity consisting of Beelzebub, Lucifer, and [[Social:Astaroth|Astaroth]], with Beelzebub as the second-ranking of the many fallen angels. Milton wrote of Beelzebub "than whom, Satan except, none higher sat." Beelzebub is also a character in John Bunyan's ''[[Unsolved:The Pilgrim's Progress|The Pilgrim's Progress]]'', first published in 1678.

In 1409–1410 ''The Lanterne of Light'' (an anonymous English Lollard tract often attributed to [[Biography:John Wycliffe|John Wycliffe]])<ref>Milford, Humphrey. "Introduction", [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/AHA2749?rgn=main;view=toc ''The Lanterne of Liȝt'']. Oxford University Press, 1917</ref> provided a classification of the princes of Hell based on the [[Religion:Seven deadly sins|seven deadly sins]] and associated Beelzebub with the deadly sin of [[Philosophy:Envy|envy]]. However, Sebastien Michaelis associated Beelzebub with the deadly sin of [[Philosophy:Pride|pride]], one of the other [[Religion:Seven deadly sins|seven deadly sins]], and according to [[Biography:Peter Binsfeld|Peter Binsfeld]] in his 1589 ''Treatise on Confessions by Evildoers and Witches'' Beelzebub was the demon of gluttony, whereas Francis Barrett asserted that Beelzebub was the prince of idolatry.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology'', by Rosemary Guiley, pp. 28–29, Facts on File, 2009.</ref><ref>''Dictionary of Demons'', by Fred Gettings, Guild Publishing, 1998, pp. 55–56</ref>

Within religious circles, the accusation of demon possession has been used as both an insult and an attempt to categorize unexplained behavior, such as [[Medicine:Schizophrenia|schizophrenia]]. Not only had the Pharisees disparagingly accused [[Biography:Jesus|Jesus]] of using Beelzebub's demonic powers to heal people (Luke 11:14–26), but others have been labelled possessed for acts of an extreme nature. Down through history, Beelzebub has been held responsible for many cases of [[Unsolved:Demonic possession|demonic possession]], such as that of Sister Madeleine de Demandolx de la Palud, Aix-en-Provence in 1611, whose relationship with Father Jean-Baptiste Gaufridi led not only to countless traumatic events at the hands of her inquisitors but also to the torture and execution of that "bewitcher of young nuns", Gaufridi himself. Beelzebub was also imagined to be sowing his influence in Salem, Massachusetts; his name came up repeatedly during the Salem witch trials, the last large-scale public expression of witch hysteria in either [[Earth:North America|North America]] or [[Earth:Europe|Europe]], and afterwards, the Rev. [[Biography:Cotton Mather|Cotton Mather]] wrote a [[Biology:Pamphlet|pamphlet]] titled ''Of Beelzebub and his Plot''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Cotton|last=Mather|url=http://www.4literature.net/Cotton_Mather/Of_Beelzebub_and_His_Plot|title=Of Beelzebub and his Plot|date=1693|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020921203915/http://www.4literature.net/Cotton_Mather/Of_Beelzebub_and_His_Plot|archive-date=September 21, 2002}}</ref>

==Judaism==
The name ''Baʿal-zəvuv'' ({{lang-he|בעל-זבוב}}) is found in {{Bibleverse|2Kings|1:2–3,6,16|JPS|Melachim II 1:2–3, 6, 16}}, where King King Ahaziah of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, after seriously injuring himself in a fall, sends messengers to inquire of ''Baʿal-zəvuv'', the god of the Philistine city of Ekron, to learn if he will recover.

{{Quote|Ahaziah fell through the lattice in his upper chamber at Samaria and was injured. So he sent messengers, whom he instructed: "Go inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover from this injury."|{{cite web |title=II Kings 1:2 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/II_Kings.1.2?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |website=www.sefaria.org}}}}

Elijah then condemns Ahaziah to die by God's words because Ahaziah sought counsel from ''Baʿal-zəvuv'' rather than from God.

{{Quote|3 But an angel of GOD said to Elijah the Tishbite, "Go and confront the messengers of the king of Samaria and say to them, 'Is there no God in Israel that you go to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron?

4 Assuredly, thus said GOD: You shall not rise from the bed you are lying on, but you shall die.'" And Elijah went.|{{cite web |title=II Kings 1:3-4 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/II_Kings.1.3-4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |website=www.sefaria.org}}}}

Rabbinical literature commentary equates the Baʿal-zəvuv of Ekron as lord of the "fly".<ref>The Babylonian Talmud, Vol. 1 of 9: Tract Sabbath – Page 186 "made themselves Baal-berith for a god"; by Baal-berith is meant the Zebub (fly) idol of Ekron, and every idolater (at that time) made an image of his idol in miniature in order to keep it constantly at hand and to be able at any time to take it out, .."</ref><ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|first=Kaufmann|last=Kohler|chapter-url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2732-beelzebub|encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia|chapter=Beelzebub|publisher=KTAV Publishing House|location=New York City|date=1904}}</ref> The word ''Baʿal-zəvuv'' in rabbinical texts is a mockery of the worship of [[Religion:Baal|Baal]], which ancient Hebrews considered to be idol worship.<ref>{{cite dictionary|first=Manfred|last=Lurker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vtj0wSsw1JcC&pg=PA31|dictionary=The Routledge dictionary of gods and goddesses, devils and demons|entry=Beelzebub|page=31|publisher=[[Company:Routledge|Routledge]]|location=London, England|date=2004|isbn=978-0-415-34018-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Jewish scholars have interpreted the title of "Lord of the Flies" as the Hebrew way of calling Baʿal a pile of excrement, and comparing Ba'al followers to flies.<ref>[http://eastonsbibledictionary.com/beelzebub.htm Easton's Bible Dictionary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003185627/http://eastonsbibledictionary.com/beelzebub.htm |date=2011-10-03 }}</ref><ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia" />

== Portrayals in media ==
In ''[[Software:Genshin Impact|Genshin Impact]]'', a popular gacha game, the Electro archon Ei's real name is Beelzebul. She is voiced by Chinese voice actor Ju Huahua, Japanese voice actor Miyuki Sawashiro, Korean voice actor Park Ji-yoon, and English voice actor Anne Yatco.

Beelzebub is portrayed as a scientist in the manga and anime ''Record of Ragnarok''. He competes in the tournament to decide the fate of humanity. Being introduced in chapter 49, he competes in round 8 of the fictionalized version of [[Unsolved:Ragnarök|Ragnarök]], which begins in chapter 66, against the Serbian American scientist [[Biography:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]]. In the anime, he is voiced by Japanese voice actor Daisuke Namikawa and Brandon McInnis in the English dub.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARACTER｜アニメ『終末のワルキューレII』 |url=https://ragnarok-official.com/character/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=ragnarok-official.com |language=ja}}</ref>

Beelzebub is a main character in Season 1 and Season 2 of the Prime Video series ''Good Omens''. They are portrayed by Anna Maxwell Martin in season 1 and Shelley Conn in season 2. Though portrayed by women, Neil Gaiman has stated that the show's version of Beelzebub has no canonical pronouns.

== See also ==
*Baal Hammon
*Baal-zephon
*''Lord of the Flies'' (1954 novel)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{Satan}}

[[Category:Beelzebub| ]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Lucifer]]
[[Category:Devils]]

{{Sourceattribution|Beelzebub}}