View source for Biology:Braekel

{{Short description|Belgian breed of chicken}}
{{use list-defined references|date=August 2014}}
{{infobox poultry breed
| name          = Braekel
| image         = Braekel.jpg
| image_size    =
| alt           = 
| image_caption =
| status        = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=140}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2023): at risk{{r|dad}}}}
| altname       = {{ubl|Brakel|Braeckel|Brackel}}
| country       = Belgium
| distribution  =
| standard      =
| use           = eggs
| nickname      =
| apa           = not listed{{r|apa}}
| aba           = 
| ee            = yes{{r|ee}}
| pcgb          = rare soft feather: light{{r|pcgb}}
| maleweight    = {{ubl|standard: 2.0–2.5 kg{{r|braekel}}|bantam: 800 g{{r|roberts|p=88}}}}
| femaleweight  = {{ubl|standard: 1.8–2.2 kg{{r|braekel}}|bantam: 700 g{{r|roberts|p=88}}}}
| skincolour    =
| eggcolour     = white{{r|roberts|p=84}}
| comb          =
| note          = 
| type          = [[Biology:Chicken|Chicken]]
| latin         = Gallus gallus domesticus
}}

The '''Braekel''' or '''Brakel''' is a traditional Belgian breed of chicken. It is thought to have originated in the area of Brakel, in the Flemish province of East Flanders, for which it is named.{{r|moula|page=43}} There is a bantam version of the Braekel.{{r|club}} The [[Biology:Campine (chicken)|Campine]] of the United Kingdom derives from it.

== History ==

The Braekel apparently derives from same extended population of gold and silver chickens which gave rise to the closely similar [[Biology:Ostfriesische Möwe|Ostfriesische Möwe]] and [[Biology:Westfälischer Totleger|Westfälischer Totleger]] breeds.{{r|moula|page=43}} It is thought to have originated in the area of Brakel, in the Flemish province of East Flanders, and particularly in the villages of Opbrakel and Nederbrakel; and to have spread along the valleys of the Scheldt and Dender rivers, in East Flanders and into Hainaut.{{r|moula|page=43}}

In 1884, two distinct types were recognised as separate breeds: the larger Braekel of Flanders, and a smaller and lighter type from the Campine region to the east. In 1898, a Braekel breeders' society was established in Nederbrakel, and a breed standard was published. In 1926, the separate Braekel and Campine breeds were brought together again under a single breed standard.{{r|moula|page=43}}

In the United Kingdom a very different [[Biology:Campine (chicken)|Campine]] breed was created, probably through cross-breeding with pencilled Hamburgs. The principal difference is that cock birds display hen-feathering, which was not seen in the Belgian type.{{r|moula|page=43}} 

The Braekel population declined during and after the Second World War and it is a rare breed.{{cn|date=December 2023}} For Belgium, population numbers reported to [[DAD-IS]] were {{val|1500}} in 1994 and 125 in 2013; the local [[Biology:Conservation status|conservation status]] was listed in 2023 as 'unknown'.{{r|dad}} The Braekel is also reported from the United Kingdom, where in 2023 the conservation status was 'unknown', and from Germany, where in 2023 the reported population was 882 and the conservation status 'at risk'.{{r|dad2}}

== Characteristics ==

The Braekel is a light breed; cocks weigh some {{val|2|–|2.5|u=kg}} and hens {{val|1.8|–|2.2|u=kg.}}{{r|braekel}} Bantam cocks weigh about {{val|800|u=g}} and hens about {{val|700|u=g}}.{{r|club}} Ring sizes are {{val|18|u=mm}} and {{val|16|u=mm}} for standard-sized cocks and hens, and {{val|13|u=mm}} and {{val|11|u=mm}} respectively for bantams.{{r|club}}

A straight banding pattern of the feathers and a uniform solid neck colour are characteristic of the Braekel.{{cn|date=December 2023}} The Entente Européenne lists ten [[List of chicken colours|colour variants]], of which only the gold and the silver are recognised.{{r|ee}} 

== Use ==

Braekel hens lay well from the age of six or seven months, and in a year may produce approximately 180 white-shelled eggs weighing {{val|60|–|65|u=g}}.{{r|moula|page=44}} 

== References ==

{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=apa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171104135004/http://www.amerpoultryassn.com/PDF%20Forms/APA%20Recognized%20Breeds%20and%20Varieties%20Sept2012.pdf APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012]. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.</ref>

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=braekel>[http://www.braekelclub-nederbraekel.be/brakelhoen.html Het Brakelhoen] (in Dutch). Lierde: Braekelclub-Nederbraekel. Accessed August 2014.</ref>

<ref name=club>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130529010920/http://brakelhoen.be/ Raskenmerken: De kenmerken van het brakelhoen] (in Dutch). Brakelhoenspeciaalclub, 2011. Archived 29 May 2013.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BEL&specie=Chicken&breed=Brakel&external=1&lang=en Breed data sheet: Brakel / Belgium (Chicken)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2023.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-transboundary-ext-ws.web.app/?species=Chicken&transboundary=Braekel Transboundary breed: BBraekel]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2023.</ref>

<ref name=ee>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130616062803/http://www.entente-ee.com/deutsch/sparten/gefluegel/dateien/2013/Verzeichnis%20R%20F%2028042013.xls Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013)]. Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.</ref>

<ref name=moula>N. Moula, M. Jacquet, A. Verelst, N. Antoine-Moussiaux,  F. Farnir, P. Leroy (2012). [http://www.facmv.ulg.ac.be/amv/articles/2012_156_1_03.pdf Les races de poules belges] (in French). ''Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire'' '''156''': 37-65. Accessed August 2014.</ref>

<ref name=pcgb>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143235/http://www.poultryclub.org/img/Breed%20Classification.pdf Breed Classification]. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.</ref>

<ref name=roberts>Victoria Roberts (2008). [https://books.google.it/books?id=nAfyUHY42u0C&hl=en ''British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain''], sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell. {{isbn|9781405156424}}.</ref>


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[[Category:Animal breeds on the GEH Red List]]

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{{Sourceattribution|Braekel}}