View source for Biology:Cilevirus

{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{Virusbox
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Cilevirus
| synonyms =
| synonyms_ref =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ref = <ref name=ICTV2018b>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=12 March 2019 |language=en |date=February 2019}}</ref>
| subdivision =
* ''[[Biology:Citrus leprosis virus C|Citrus leprosis virus C]]''
* ''Citrus leprosis virus C2''
}}

'''''Cilevirus''''' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Kitaviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are two species: ''[[Biology:Citrus leprosis virus C|Citrus leprosis virus C]]'' and ''Citrus leprosis virus C2''.<ref name=ICTV2018b/>

==History==
This genus was created in 2006 by Locali-Fabris ''et al'' in 2006.<ref name=Locali-Fabris2006>Locali-Fabris EC, Freitas-Astúa J, Souza AA, Takita MA, Astúa-Monge G, Antonioli-Luizon R, Rodrigues V, Targon ML, Machado MA (2006) Complete nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type. J Gen Virol 87(9):2721-2729</ref>

==Structure==
Viruses in ''Cilevirus'' are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 50&nbsp;nm wide and 150&nbsp;nm long. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 28.75kb in length.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/735.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref> The genome is bipartite with two segments of 8745 nucleotide (RNA 1) and 4986 nucleotides (RNA 2) in length. The 5' terminals of both segments have a cap structure and have poly adenosine tails in their 3'-terminals. RNA 1 contains two [[Biology:Open reading frame|open reading frame]]s (ORFs) which encode 286 and 29 kilodalton (kDa) proteins. The 286 kDa protein is a polyprotein involved in virus replication and has four conserved domains: [[Biology:Methyltransferase|methyltransferase]], [[Biology:Protease|protease]], [[Biology:Helicase|helicase]] and an RNA dependent [[Biology:RNA polymerase|RNA polymerase]]. RNA 2 encodes four ORFs which correspond to 15, 61, 32 and 24 kDa proteins. The 32 kDa protein is involved in cell to cell movement of the virus but the functions of the other proteins are unknown.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|Cilevirus||Bacilliform||||Non-enveloped||Linear||Bipartite
|}

==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement.
Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (mites of the genus brevipalpus). Transmission routes are vector.<ref name=ViralZone />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|Cilevirus||Plants||None|| Penetration ||Viral Movement||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Vector
|}

==Clinical==
This virus causes Citrus leprosis disease and is transmitted by [[Biology:Species|species]] of the mite genus ''[[Biology:Brevipalpus|Brevipalpus]]'' ([[Biology:Acari|Acari]]: [[Biology:Tenuipalpidae|Tenuipalpidae]]). This disease is endemic in {{wipe|Brazil}} and has recently spread to Central America. Its spread there represents a threat to citrus industry in the United States.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/735.html '''Viralzone''': Cilevirus]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5119936}}

[[Category:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses]]
[[Category:Riboviria]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

{{Sourceattribution|Cilevirus}}