View source for Biology:EPPO Code

{{Short description|Encoded identifier used by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization}}
{{Infobox identifier
| name          = EPPO Code
| image         =
| image_size    =
| image_caption =
| image_alt     =
| image_border  =
| full_name     = European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Code
| number        =
| start_date    = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| organisation  = European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
| digits        =
| check_digit   =
| example       = [https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CARPPO CARPPO]
| website       = {{URL|https://gd.eppo.int/}}
}}

An '''EPPO code''', formerly known as a '''Bayer code''', is an encoded identifier that is used by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), in a system designed to uniquely identify organisms – namely [[Biology:Plant|plant]]s, pests and [[Biology:Pathogen|pathogen]]s – that are important to [[Earth:Agriculture|agriculture]] and crop protection.  EPPO codes are a core component of a [[Database|database]] of names, both scientific and vernacular.  Although originally started by the Bayer Corporation, the official list of codes is now maintained by EPPO.

==EPPO code database==
All codes and their associated names are included in a database (EPPO Global Database). In total, there are over 93,500 [[Biology:Species|species]] listed in the EPPO database, including:<ref>{{cite web|title=EPPO Codes: building blocks for information systems|url=https://www.eppo.int/media/uploaded_images/MEETINGS/Meetings_2021/webinar/02_EPPO_Codes_2021_ASR_VL.pdf|access-date=4 November 2021|publisher=European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization|format=PDF}}</ref>
* 55,000 species of plants (e.g. [[Biology:Cultivar|cultivated]], wild plants and weeds)
* 27,000 species of animals (e.g. [[Biology:Insect|insect]]s, [[Biology:Mite|mite]]s, [[Biology:Nematode|nematode]]s, [[Biology:Rodent|rodent]]s), biocontrol agents
* 11,500 microorganism species (e.g. [[Biology:Bacteria|bacteria]], [[Biology:Fungi|fungi]], [[Biology:Virus|virus]]es, viroids and virus-like)

Plants are identified by a five-letter code, other organisms by a six-letter one. In many cases the codes are [[Biology:Mnemonic|mnemonic]] abbreviations of the scientific name of the organism, derived from the first three or four letters of the [[Biology:Genus|genus]] and the first two letters of the [[Biology:Species|species]].<ref name=eppo>{{cite web |title=EPPO Codes |url=https://www.eppo.int/RESOURCES/eppo_databases/eppo_codes |website=www.eppo.int |publisher=EPPO |language=en}}</ref> For example, corn, or maize (''[[Biology:Zea mays|Zea mays]]''), was assigned the code "ZEAMA"; the code for potato late blight (''[[Biology:Phytophthora infestans|Phytophthora infestans]]'') is "PHYTIN". The unique and constant code for each organism provides a shorthand method of recording species. The EPPO code avoids many of the problems caused by revisions to scientific names and taxonomy which often result in different synonyms being in use for the same species. When the taxonomy changes, the EPPO code stays the same.<ref name=eppo/> The EPPO system is used by governmental organizations, conservation agencies, and researchers.<ref name="francis2009">{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=A |last2=Warwick |first2=S I |title=The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz. |journal=Canadian Journal of Plant Science |date=July 2009 |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=791–810 |doi=10.4141/CJPS08185}}</ref><ref name="mair2016">{{cite journal |last1=Mair |first1=Wesley |last2=Lopez-Ruiz |first2=Francisco |last3=Stammler |first3=Gerd |last4=Clark |first4=William |last5=Burnett |first5=Fiona |last6=Hollomon |first6=Derek |last7=Ishii |first7=Hideo |last8=Thind |first8=Tarlochan S |last9=Brown |first9=James KM |last10=Fraaije |first10=Bart |last11=Cools |first11=Hans |last12=Shaw |first12=Michael |last13=Fillinger |first13=Sabine |last14=Walker |first14=Anne-Sophie |last15=Mellado |first15=Emilia |last16=Schnabel |first16=Guido |last17=Mehl |first17=Andreas |last18=Oliver |first18=Richard P |title=Proposal for a unified nomenclature for target-site mutations associated with resistance to fungicides |journal=Pest Management Science |date=August 2016 |volume=72 |issue=8 |pages=1449–1459 |doi=10.1002/ps.4301|pmc=5094580 |pmid=27148866}}</ref>

===Example===
{| class="wikitable" style="padding-left: 5px;"
|-
! style="background:#e2e2e2; text-align:left;"| Taxonomic Rank       
! style="background:#e2e2e2; text-align:left;"| Example taxon      
! style="background:#e2e2e2; text-align:left;"| EPPO Code
|-
| Kingdom               || Animalia       || '''1'''ANIM'''K'''
|-
| {{pad|10px}}Phylum    || Arthropoda     || '''1'''ARTH'''P'''
|-
| {{pad|20px}}Subphylum || Hexapoda       || '''1'''HEXA'''Q'''
|-
| {{pad|30px}}Class     || Insecta        || '''1'''INSE'''C'''
|-
| {{pad|40px}}Order     || Hemiptera      || '''1'''HEMI'''O'''
|-
| {{pad|50px}}Suborder  || Sternorrhyncha || '''1'''STER'''R'''
|-
| {{pad|60px}}Family    || Aleyrodidae    || '''1'''ALEY'''F'''
|-
| {{pad|70px}}Genus     || ''Bemisia''        || '''1'''BEMI'''G'''
|-
| {{pad|80px}}Species   || ''Bemisia tabaci'' || BEMITA
|}

==External links==
{{Wikidata property|P3031}}
* [https://gd.eppo.int/ EPPO Global Database (lookup EPPO codes)]
* [https://data.eppo.int/ EPPO Data Services (download EPPO codes)]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Taxonomy (biology)]]
[[Category:Plant pathogens and diseases]]

{{Sourceattribution|EPPO Code}}